WRITING TASK 1

The table shows sources of student income over a ten-year

period in the United Kingdom.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the

information shown below.

You should write at least 150 words.

Sources of student income (aged under 26 in higer education)

United

Kingdom

Percentages

1988/89 1992/93 1995/96 1998/99Student loan 8 14 24Parental

contribution

32 26 22 16

Grant 38 38 23 14Earnings 6 7 14 12Other 24 21 27 34All income

(=100%) (£

per student per

year at July

1999 prices)

4,395 4,048 4,951 5,575

Source: Student income and Expenditure Survey, Department

for Education and Employment.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

+

Viết report cũng dễ thôi, mọi người đừng sợ. Chỉ cần cùng

Bear làm xong bài mẫu này, bảo đảm.. mọi người sẽ ‘ghiền’

viết report thôi [Những ai đang học thi TOEFLibt thì đừng có

đọc nhé.. bởi vì.. đọc xong.. coi chừng.. thấy easy quá.. chuyển

sang thi IELTS luôn không chừng]

1. Paragraph 1: Intro what the diagram shows (do not copy the

question)

Trong phần mở bài, mình có thể bắt chước cấu trúc này:

The diagram shows the trend / a rise / a fall / a change / the

percentage.

Nhớ là đừng copy nguyên xi cái đề bài, mà phải biến đổi

chút chút:

Ví dụ:

The table shows the trend which took place in student income

in the United Kingdom during the ten-year period from 1988 to

1999. (23 words)

2. Paragraph 2 or 3: The body of the report – giving details,

numbers

Phần thân bài này, nên chia thành 2 đoạn: 1 đoạn nói về sự gia

tăng, 1 đoạn nói về việc giảm xuống. Nhớ sử dụng những từ

‘tăng-giảm’ và cấu trúc ‘tính từ-danh từ’ , ‘trạng từ-động từ’

như đã đề cập ở bài trước.

Nhớ là chỉ pick up những con số nào tiêu biểu để report thôi,

không phải report hết tất cả các con số. Vì mình chỉ có 20 phút

để làm mà thôi.

Ví dụ:

Even though the data of student loan is not presented in

1988/89, there was a dramatic increase from 8% in 1992/93 to

24% in 1998/99. The percentage of earnings also rose sharply

from 6% in 1988/89 and reached the peak at 14% in 1995/96,

then fell slightly by 2% in 1998/99. (51 words)

On the other hand, there was a steep fall in parental

contribution from 32% in 1988/89 to 16% in 1998/99. At the

same time, grant went down by 24% from 38% in 1988/89 to

14% in 1998/99. (37 words)

3. Paragraph 4 (conclusion): Overall statement about the trend

(analysis)

Phần kết luận, mình sẽ nói tóm tắt lại xu hướng chung. Có thể

bắt chước cấu trúc này:

Overall,… went up… while… went down

Ví dụ:

Overall, the annual income per student rose gradually from

4,395 pounds in 1988/89 to 5,575 pounds in 1998/99, and there

was a shift from being dependent to independent of the

students at that period. (34 words)

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Bear trình bày lại nguyên bài để mọi người dễ theo dõi:

The table shows the trend which took place in student

income in the United Kingdom during the ten-year period from

1988 to 1999. (23 words)

Even though the data of student loan is not presented in

1988/89, there was a dramatic increase from 8% in 1992/93 to

24% in 1998/99. The percentage of earnings also rose sharply

from 6% in 1988/89 and reached the peak at 14% in 1995/96,

then fell slightly by 2% in 1998/99. (51 words)

On the other hand, there was a steep fall in parental

contribution from 32% in 1988/89 to 16% in 1998/99. At the

same time, grant went down by 24% from 38% in 1988/89 to

14% in 1998/99. (37 words)

Overall, the annual income per student rose gradually

from 4,395 pounds in 1988/89 to 5,575 pounds in 1998/99, and

there was a shift from being dependent to independent of the

students at that period. (34 words)

=> Total: 145 words (mặc dù đề yêu cầu là ít nhất 150 từ,

nhưng mình làm trên 141 từ là ok. Thầy Nick nói, nếu mình

làm 140 từ thì sẽ thua người 141 từ 0.5 điểm)

Như vậy, bài này đạt 4 yêu cầu:

1. Task fulfillment

2. Report structure

3. Vocabulary

4. Grammar

=> Marks: 8

Còn nhiều dạng của TASK 1 lắm: process, changes.. Enjoy

phần easy này trước nhé

Nice weekend..

P/S: @ leotran: you’re welcome

Hôm nay Bear xin nói về cách viết A PROCESS REPORT. Đây cũng là

1 dạng report, thuộc WRITING – TASK 1. Như vậy, mình cũng làm

trong vòng 20 phút và viết ít nhất là 150 từ.

Đề bài là: người ta cho mình nhiều hình nói về tiến trình của 1 việc nào

đó. Mình nhìn vào những hình đó và viết report về những steps của quy

trình đó.

Ví dụ:

1/ mở gói lipton ra ; 2/ đổ vào ly ; 3/ cho nước vô, khuấy lên; 4/ cho

thêm đá; 5/ uống

I . Như vậy, nhất định bài report phải sử dụng 2 cấu trúc quan

trọng sau đây:

1. Sequence markers: Firstly (first of all), in the first step, Next, After that,

In the second stage, Finally, In the final step.

Vì mình đang diễn tả 1 quy trình, nên phải sử dụng sequence markers

này để nói lên trình tự bước thứ 1, bước thứ 2, etc.

Nhưng cũng có 1 số quy trình, không có điểm dừng và không có điểm

kết thúc (mưa => rơi xuống đất/ biển => bốc hơi lên => mây => mưa)

thì mình sẽ không dùng FIRST và FINALLY. Chỉ chọn đại 1 mốc nào

đó, rồi mô tả tiếp. Bear sẽ post bài này sau để mọi người rõ.

2. Passive

Sử dụng càng nhiều càng tốt.

II . Cấu trúc của bài process report:

Thường thì chỉ cần 2 phần:

1. Introduction: phần này cũng giống như những phần khác: không

được copy y chang đề, mà phải biến đổi. Có thể dùng mẫu này cho bất

kỳ process report nào:

The diagram shows the process of making a cup of tea with a lipton

teabag. This report will discuss the process in stages / in detail.

2. Body: chỉ cần 1 đoạn cho phần thân bài, mô tả rõ từng step của quy

trình.

First of all, water is boiled. Next, a tea bag is put in a cup. After that the

water is poured into the cup. After a minute, milk and sugar are added

and stirred. In the final step, the cup of tea is served.

3. Conclusion:

Nếu vẫn chưa đủ 150 words thì mới cần đến phần conclusion này:

Finally, there are 5 steps in making a cup of tea with a lipton tea bag.

Đây chỉ là ví dụ để mọi người rõ cách làm easy như thế nào. Chứ thi mà

viết như vậy thì chưa đủ 150 từ.

Enjoy ly thuyet trước nhé. Lần sau Bear post bài mẫu.

Ah, có thể tham khảo nhiều sách dạy viết WRITING dành cho IELTS

rất hay:

1. ACADEMIC WRITING PRACTICE FOR IELTS (Tác giả Sam

McCarter, chú giải tiếng Việt: Nguyễn Thành Yến, nhà xuất bản tổng

hợp TPHCM, 42.000VNĐ)

2. A BOOK ON WRITING (Tác giả Sam McCarter, chú giải tiếng Việt:

Nguyễn Thành Yến, nhà xuất bản tổng hợp TPHCM, 42.000VNĐ)

3. A BOOK FOR IELTS (Tác giả Sam McCarter, chú giải tiếng Việt:

Nguyễn Thành Yến, nhà xuất bản tổng hợp TPHCM, 78.000VNĐ)

THE LIFE CYCLE OF CHISTOSOME

The life-cycle of schistosome can be divided into two main stages.

The first stage takes place in the water. When the eggs hatch, the embryoes enter the

bodies of water snails. They develop into worms inside the snails. Eventually, the

worms return to the water.

The second stage takes place in the water, too. The worms penetrate the skin

of any person who happens to be standing in the water. Once inside the human body,

they move through the blood vessels to the liver. They remain in the liver until they

are adults, and then move to the bladder, where they lay their eggs, causing severe

inflammation. Finally, the eggs are exreted into the water. At this stage, the life-

cycle of schistosome begins all over again.

Tăng và giảmDùng động từ:1/ Tăng (increase): rise, augment, grow, go up (v), to be up

- tăng nhanh: soar (v), sky-rocket (v), shoot up (v)- tăng chậm, nhích từng chút một: inch up (v)- leo thang: escalate (v, escalation (n)), climb (v)- lên tới đỉnh: to reach a peak, peak (v)

2/ Giảm (decrease): fall (v, n), drop (v, n), tumble (v), slump (v), decline (v), go down (v), to be down

- giảm nhanh: plunge (v), nose-dive (v), plummet- Thu hẹp (e.g., thị phần): diminish, shrink, contract- Chạm đáy: to reach/hit rock-bottom, a trough (điểm đáy)

Reduce khác với fall, hay drop ở chỗ to reduce là transitive verb (to reduce ST) trong khi fall và drop là intransitive verb. Vd: The company reduced their prices, but their prices fell. 3/ Ổn định: level out (v) Dùng thêm tính từ/trạng từ:Chúng ta có thể dùng adj hay adverbs để bổ sung cho động từ. + Để chỉ cường độ:Mạnh: dramatic (dramatically), sharp (sharply), huge (hugely), enormous (enormously), steep (steeply), tremendous (tremendously)Nhiều, đáng kể: substantial (substantially), considerable (considerably), significant (significantly), marked (markedly)Vừa phải: moderate (moderately)Nhẹ: slight (slightly)Ít: small, little Tối thiểu: minimal (minimally) + Để chỉ tốc độ:Nhanh, thình lình: rapid (rapidly), quick (quickly), swift (swiftly), sudden (suddenly) Đều: steady (steadily), constant (constantly). Thường dùng kiểu như to remain unchanged/stable/steady, to stay constantDần dần: gradual (gradually)Chậm: slow (slowly) Chiếm/bao gồm

Chi tiêu cho quần áo chiếm 20% tổng chi tiêu. Chiếm dịch là: to represent, to constitute, to make up, to comprise. Bao gồm: to be made up of, to be composed of, to consist of. Trích blog của Thầy DUSYR:http://d usyr1.wordpress.com/?s=charts

Chú ý: (1) Sequence markers, (2) passive voice.

HOW TO DEVELOP A FILM

After all the photographs on a film have been taken, the reel or

cassette is removed from the camera to be processed.

First, the film itself must be stripped from its backing paper in

complete darkness. It is then immediately loaded into a developing

tank, in a spiral to avoid contact between its surfaces. The tank is

tightly closed to keep out light.

Next, the tank is filled with developer, which is a dilute solution

of hydroquinone and sodium sulphite and other chemicals. A

thermometer is needed as the developing time depends on the

temperature as well as on the strength of the solution. The film is

turned round from time to time in the developing tank, or the tank is

inverted and the developer must be poured off at the right moment, to

avoid over- or under-developing. Some developers can be reused.

The developed film, which has light and dark parts, must now be

wahsed in a 2% solution of acetic acid to remove all the developer. It is

then treated with fixing solution to remove any undeveloped silver

bromide. Before the film is removed from the developing tank to dry, it

is washed in running water. The negatives, when thoroughly dry, are

now finally ready for printing.

HOW TO MEND A FLAT BICYCLE TYRE

Flat tyres are often caused by punctures which leak air with

varying degrees of speed. Punctures which are not huge holes can be

repaired. You’ll need a tube patch kit containing patches, glue, an

abrasive surface, e.g. sandpaper, tyre irons and chalk.

You should begin by deflating the tyre. But first of all, it would

be a good idea to check if the flat tyre is just due to a faulty valve. You

can do this by replacing a drop of spit or water on the end of the valve

stem. A leaky valve will bubble or spit back. In this case, just tighten

the valve. However, if there is no fault in the valve, you should begin,

as mentioned before, by deflating the tyre. Then you should work the

tyre back and forth with your hands to get the edge of the tyre free of

the rim. If this doesn’t work, use the tyre irons as levers to free the

tyre. When the edge is off the rim, you should push the valve stem up

into the tyre, and remove the tube. At this stage, you should inflate the

tube and rotate it past your ear. If you can find the puncture through the

hiss of escaping air, it is a good idea to mark the spot with chalk. If you

can’t, then you should place all of the tube in the water, look for

escaping air bubbles, and then mark the spot with the chalk.

You can use the sandpaper to rub the spot rough enough and

then apply glue to the spot. You will wait for two or three minutes.

When the glue is dry enough, you take out a piece of patch and put it

right on the spot, then press it hard. This is the whole process of

mending a flat tyre.

HOW TO MAKE PAPER

Modern paper is manufactured from a mixture of various fibres

like rags, linen, wood, waste paper. The main ingredient is, of course,

wood pulp produced from complete trees after the bark has been

removed. The main ares of production are Findland and Canada, where

the trees are cut down, taken to the saw mill, and chopped up. The

pieces fo wood are then ground up and mixed with other substances,

such as glue, to make a paper fibre mixture, and then poured out onto

wire screens. These are large areas of wire mesh – sheets of metal with

a large number of holes in them. Here the water is extracted from the

mixture, which is dried and passed through many rollers to press it into

shape. This process produces one continuous sheet of paper, which is

wound into a large roll at the end of the manufacturing process.

HOW A CAMERA WORKS

A camera is basically a simple instrument. Its name comes from

its most important part, the camera obscura (Latin for dark chamber).

Photographs are produced when rays of light enter this chamber

through a small opening (the aperture), and strike against a sensitive

film. The aperture contains a convex lens which refracts the light. The

surface of the film is covered with silver bromide emulsion. This

captures the image which is brought in by the rays of light. The

aperture is closed or opened by a shutter, which is the only moving part

in a simple camera. This is mounted behind the lens. It is, of course,

usually closed. In more refined cameras, the speed of the shutter and

size of the aperture can be adjusted, to vary the length of an exposure

and the quantity of light to be allowed in. shorter exposures are needed

to photograph moving objects, and a wider aperture lets in more light

on a dull day.

HOW A REFRIGERATOR WORKS

A refrigerator is really nothing more than a box in which articles

can be kept at a cool temperature. The temperature inside the box is

regulated by means of thermostat. Apart from the thermostat, the

refrigerator mechanism includes a motor-driven compressor, a

condenser and a set of thin, metal evaporator coils, into which is

pumped a liquid refrigerant called Freon.

When a liquid evaporates, it absorbs heat. The refrigerant used in

a refrigerator has a very low boiling point and it evaporates in the

metal coils. As this happens, it absorbs heat and, as a result, the

evaporator coils cool down.

As soon as the temperature inside the refrigerator rises above a

predetermined level, the thermostat causes the motor to start. Freon

vapour is drawn from the evaporator coils by the compressor, reducing

the pressure and allowing liquid refrigerant to move into them. This

liquid in its turn evaporates, absorbing heat and cooling the

refrigerator. The cool refrigerant passes through the condenser, where

it is changed back into a liquid form and is eventually forced back into

the evaporator coils.

The process continues until a pre-set temperature is reached. At this point,

the thermostat cuts out the compressor and the refrigerator remains idle. When

the temperature rises above the pre-determined level, the thermostat triggers the

compressor into action once more and the cooling cycle recommences.

Writing Task 1 is designed to test your ability to interpret and present information that is given in short form, often as data within a diagram, graph, chart or table. You must present the information in your own words as complete sentences within paragraphs, that is, not in note form unless specifically requested. The minimum number of words you are required to write is 150. You are not asked to give opinions, make assumptions, or draw conclusions about the information given. The information may be presented to you in a number of ways, for instance, as:

• a graph• a diagram of the stages of a process or procedure

• a bar or pie chart • a sequence of events• a table of information • a picture of an object showing how it works.

1. USE "REFERENCE" STRUCTURESWhen referring to a diagram, chart, table etc. use "reference" structures such as those given below.This will assist the reader to know where your information comes from, and will effectively lead into what you have to say.

+ The table/ chart/ diagram/ graph/ figures/ statistics/ diagram + shows (that/how).../ describes (that/ how)/ illustrates (that/ how)...

+ According to the/ As (is) shown in the/ As can be seen from the/ It can be seen from the/ We can see from the table/ chart/ diagram/graph/figures + that

+ It is clear-apparent from the + table/ chart/ diagram/graph/figures + that

Be careful not to use these "reference" structures too frequently to avoid unnecessary repetition.

2. Decline and increase - task 1

Decline:+ The price went down - fell - dropped - declined - decreased steeply+ The price collapsed = suddenly decrease+ The price plummeted/ plunged...=suddenly and quickly decrease.+ The price tumbled = to decrease quickly and by a significant amount = to fall greatly in value in a short time without control.+ The price suffered/ experienced/ saw a steep/ sharp decline/ decrease/ fall.+ There was a plunge/ steep fall/ drop/ decline/ decrease in the price.+ The price sank to a new low/ go into free fall/ sank to a low point.

Increase:+ The price increased/ grew/ went up/ rose rapidly.+ The price shot up.+ The price soared/ leaped/ climbed to a new peak/ hit a peak/ reach a peak/ reach a high.+ The price soared spectacularly more than nine times its value in the previous year.+ The price had soared a further twenty percent.+ The price enjoyed/ saw a leap/ a steady rise/ a sharp increase.

Fluctuate:+ The price is erratic.+ The price fluctuated/ moved up and down.+ The price fluctuated sharply/ wildly/ slightly.+ The price rose and fell over the period.+ The price went through/ experienced a period of erratic behaviors/ erratic period/ a

period of volatility/ a volatile/ wild fluctuation.

Recover:+ The price then recovered, regaining its previous level.+ The price regained its previous level.+ The price dropped/ fell back to the January level.+ The price shot up again to 200.+ The price bounced back to 200.+ The price bounced back after a steep plunge earlier this week.+ The price made a steady recovery.

Stable:+ The price was steady.+ The price remain stable/ constant.+ The price leveled off.+ The price did not change over the period.+ The price ... before stabilizing at.../ settling down to a more stable period.

Trend:+ The trend was definitely/ obviously upward/ downward.

For example:

3. Making predictions.

Occasionally a graph showing trends predicts what may happen in future. In that case you can not say that something will happen. only that it may or could. The modals may, might, or could are generally too vague and uncertain to be used, however. The most common expressions for discussing possible future trends are:

+ It is predicted/ forecast/ projected/ expected/ suggested/ likely/ probable that...+ will-clause.

+ It is predicted that A will-clause+ A is predicted to increase/ decrease...+ An increase/ decrease in A to...by 2020 is expected.+ The prediction is that A will-clause+ The prediction for A to increase...+ By 2020, A will likely/ probably increase to...

Note: It is predicted that + ...might/ may/ could +... is too uncertain, too weak.

USING THE CORRECT STYLE AND AVOIDING COMMON ERRORS1. THEORYFirst there are a number Here’s a good example of what a lot of students do. And what they shouldn’t do: A big number don’t realise there’s a problem of stylistic errors to avoid: informality, narrative style, redundancy and repetition.a. Avoiding Informality The above is a typical example of a style which contains a number of informal usages. Can you indentify them?- Abbreviations: Here’s; shouldn’t; don’t; there’s. These should not be used.=> Write here is; should not; do not; there is- A lot of: This is very common, informal expression. For countable nouns, use many (what many students do…) and for uncountable nouns use a great deal of (there was great deal of expansion in the 1990s)- A sentence beginning with And. You should also avoid starting sentences with But and So.- An incomplete sentence: The last sentence is not a complete sentence, since there is no main clause.- Big is not a formal word: Large is. Similarly, A little number of students should be A small number of students.An improvement of the above two sentences would read: This is a typical example of a style which many students use, and which should be avoided. A large number of students do not realise that there is a problem.Can you see the additional improvements as well as the corrections?- The repetition of do is avoided - The personal pronoun (they) is avoided and the passive is used. This is a way of making the style more formal, but you need to be careful not to use the passive if the result sound awkward.- The weak adjective good is replaced by a more exact one: typicalNote: It is better to be a little informal and correct then to attempt to be very formal and make bad errors. Remember walk before you try to run.b. Avoiding a Narrative StyleA report is not a story, and so you should not use a story-telling style. Here is an example of what to avoid: Here are two graphs. They show that there were many changes in the kinds of jobs the people of Alia mostly did in the last century: In the 1920s most people worked in agriculture, as farmers, and they continued in this way for many years. Later, however, a

change gradually happened in the workforce.c. Avoiding RedundancyRedundant means more than is necessary. Students often use both redundancy and repetition either because they are translating from a language where these forms are commonly used, or to fill up space, because they fear that they can not produce 150 words about a graph or table, as the test question requires. However, it is better to write down more about details than to fill up your paper with statement that contain no real information.There are two important reasons to avoid using more words than necessary:- It produces an unacademic style, being more suited to story-telling or literature- Because there is no real information for the reader (or examiner) to focus on, any grammatical or vocabulary errors in your writing become very noticeable.Redundant statements include the following:- Those that provide information that is so obvious it is not worth stating. Here is an example:Twenty percent of car accidents happen after dark, while the other 80% happen during daylight hours (only the first half of the sentence is necessary)- Those that make a contrast explicit, when it is not necessary. Here is an example:In contrast, the position of women was just the opposite to that of men. (Omit the introductory phrase, in contrast)- Those that are used like topic-sentences, but are actually empty of content. Here are some examples:There are some differences between two countries. The trends are not the same. From the graph we can see the various rates of change. (Such sentences should simply be omitted)In other words, you should aim to use the fewest number of words necessary to convey your meaning. If you feel that you are not writing enough (150 words for the ielts exam) you should add more detail.d. Avoiding Repetition.Repetition is another very common form of redundancy and should be avoided for the same reasons: It is not academic in style. Moreover, if you have a mistake in a phrase your are using, and you continue to use that same phrase repeatedly, your work will look bad. Even if you use a phrase correctly, you can not gain good marks in a test if you do not show your ability to use a variety of expressions.

Examples Bar Chart and Line Graph connection in Writing Task 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The chart below shows the amount of money per week spent on fast foods in Britain. The graph shows the trends in consumption of fast foods.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below

You should write at least 150 words.

Sample Answer

The diagrams give information on expenditure and consumption of fast foods in the UK.

The chart shows that high income earners consumed by far the most fast foods, spending at least 12 pence more on hamburgers than on the other foods. Average income earners also favoured hamburgers (33 pence per week), followed by fish and chips at 24 pence, then 11 pence on pizza. Low income earners spent the least money, however fish and chips were their most popular fast food, followed by hamburgers and then pizza.

From the graph, we can see that in 1970, pizza was by far the most popular fast food. The consumption of hamburgers and fish and chips rose steadily over the 20 year period, hamburgers exceeding pizza around 1982, and fish and chips consumption rising above pizza around 1987 The consumption of pizza was in decline over much of the period until 1985, but experienced a slight recovery to 1990.

Examples Bar Chart and Line Graph connection in Writing Task 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The chart below shows the amount of money per week spent on fast foods in Britain. The graph shows the trends in consumption of fast foods.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below

You should write at least 150 words.

Sample Answer

The diagrams give information on expenditure and consumption of fast foods in the UK.

The chart shows that high income earners consumed by far the most fast foods, spending at least 12 pence more on hamburgers than on the other foods. Average income earners also favoured hamburgers (33 pence per week), followed by fish and chips at 24 pence, then 11 pence on pizza. Low income earners spent the least money, however fish and chips were their most popular fast food, followed by hamburgers and then pizza.

From the graph, we can see that in 1970, pizza was by far the most popular fast food. The consumption of hamburgers and fish and chips rose steadily over the 20 year period, hamburgers exceeding pizza around 1982, and fish and chips consumption rising above pizza around 1997. The consumption of pizza was in decline over much of the period until 1985, but experienced a slight recovery to 1990.

Examples Table in Writing Task 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The table below describes visitor numbers for various museums and galleries in the UK over three decades: 1981, 1991 and 2001.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below

You should write at least 150 words.

Sample Answer

The table illustrates visitor figures for various UK cultural attractions in 1981, 1991 and 2001.

Three of the museums and galleries saw a general increase in the number of visits over the period. Firstly, figures for the British Museum jumped significantly by 2.3 million (despite a marginal decline in 2001), and, secondly, for the National Gallery, from 2.7 to 4.5. In spite of starting at lower than any other attraction (0.9 million visits in 1981), visits to the Tate Britain increased most dramatically from 1.9 million in 1991, and again to 2.5 in 2001, becoming the fourth most popular cultural attraction. There were no figures for the Tate Modern for the first two decades, however, it enjoyed 4.7 million visitors in 2001.

Although the Natural History Museum and the Science Museum recorded the highest figures in 1981, visits declined dramatically before 1991, because these attractions started charging entrance fees. Finally, despite a rise in 2001, figures are still to reach previous levels.

Example Pie Chart in Writing Task 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The charts show the quantity of milk, in pints, consumed daily by children in the UK in 1997.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown

below

You should write at least 150 words.

Sample Answer

The bar charts give information about the daily milk consumption (in pints) of children in Britain in 1997.

The two largest proportions for male children were for a quarter of a pint and half a pint (33% and 27% respectively). For girls, however, half a pint (25%) and more than 1 pint (23%) were the most significant proportions. Considerably more boys than girls consumed between three quarters and 1 pint. 8% of boys consumed more than one pint per day (equal to the proportion consuming no milk). This, as can be seen earlier in the paragraph, is in stark contrast with the fraction of the girls who said they drank more than one pint every day. Finally a very insignificant proportion of girls (3%) drank no milk at all.

When we combine the proportions, we can see that the majority of the children drank between a quarter and a half pint daily (both at 26%). The next most significant proportion was for those drinking more than three quarters of a pint. The lowest of the total was for children drinking no milk at all (6% of the total).

Example about Process in Writing Task 1

The diagram below shows the typical stages of consumer goods manufacturing, including the process by which information is fed back to earlier stages to enable adjustment. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the process shown.

You should write at least 150 words. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

Model answer:

Most consumer goods go through a series of stages before they emerge as finished products ready for sale. Raw materials and manufactured components comprise the initial physical input in the manufacturing process. Once obtained, these are stored for later assembly. But assembly first depends upon

the production planning stage, where it is decided how and in what quantities the stored materials will be processed to create sufficient quantities of finished goods. The production planning stage itself follows the requirements of the goods' design stage that proceeds from extensive research. After assembly, the products are inspected and tested to maintain quality control l Those units that pass the inspection and testing stages are then packaged, despatched and offered for sale in retail outlets. The level of sales, which is the end point of the manufacturing process, helps determine production planning. A product's design is not only the result of product research, but is also influenced by testing and market research. If the testing stage (after assembly and inspection) reveals unacceptable problems in the finished product, then adjustments will have to be made to the product's design. Similarly, market research, which examines the extent and nature of the demand for products, has the role of guiding product design to suit consumer demands which may change with time. Market research, while influenced by product sales, also serves to foster future sales by devising suitable advertising for the goods. Thus the reality of consumer goods manufacturing goes well beyond a simple linear production process.

Example about Structure or Chain of Something in Writing Task 1

IELTS Essay Task 1: Hawaiian island chain

The diagram below gives the information about the Hawaiian island chain in the centre of the Pacific Ocean. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. You should write at least 150 words.

model answer:

The Hawaiian island chain, in the centre of the Pacific Ocean, is approximately 2,700 km in length. It is formed of volcanoes and the active ones are at the

south-east tip of the archipelago, where Hawaii itself is located. It is believed that the chain began to form nearly 80 million years ago. Each island started to evolve after an eruption on the sea floor. First, a `hot spot' existed on the ocean bed, which let out a plume of material called magma. This magma may originate as deep as 2,883km below the ocean bed. Next, further eruptions took place, which built up the volcano. Eventually, it emerged above the surface of the ocean. Since that time, the spume of magma has remained static as the Pacific tectonic plate moves in a north-west direction across it at a speed of 7-9cm per year. As it moves, a volcano forms as it passes over the hotspot and then become inactive when it has passed it.IELTS Writing -

Task 1Written by Rad Danesh Wednesday, 01 August 2007 You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The charts below show the main reasons for study among students of different age groups and the amount of support they received from employers.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

You should write at least 150 words.

model answer:

The first graph shows that there is a gradual decrease in study for career reasons with age. Nearly 80% of students under 26 years, study for their career. This percentage gradually declines by 10-20% every decade. Only 40% of 40-49yr olds and 18% of over 49yr olds studing for career reasons in late adulthood.

Conversely, the first graph also shows that study stemming from interest increases with age. There are only 10% of under 26yr olds studing out of interest. The percentage increases slowly till the beginning of the fourth decade, and increases dramatically in late adulthood. Nearly same number of 40-49yr olds study for career and interest. However 70% of over 49yr olds study for interest in comparison to 18% studing for career reasons in that age group.

The second graph shows that employer support is maximum (approximately 60%) for the under 26yr students. It drops rapidly to 32% up to the third decade of life, and then increses in late adulthood up to about 44%. It is unclear whether employer support is only for career-focused study, but the highest level is for those students who mainly study for career purposes.

(192 words)

This is an answer written by a candidate who achieved a Band 8 score. Here is the examiner's comment:

This answer summarises the key features of both charts and integrates them well. Clear trends are identified and supported with appropriately-selected figures. The answer could only be improved by adding an introduction to the general topic of the

charts.

The information is well organised, with a clearly-signalled progression. Linking words are used accurately and precisely, although there is occasional omission. Paragraphing is used well initially, but lapses in the later section.

A very good range of vocabulary is used to convey the information concisely and accurately with only occasional inappropriacy. Words are used precisely and there are no errors in spelling or word form.

A wide range of structures is used and most sentences in this answer are accurate. Errors are rare and do not affect communication in this answer.

IELTS Writing Task 1 - Graph #43

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The table below shows CO2 emissions for different forms of transport in the European Union.

The Pie Chart shows the percentage of European Union funds being spent on different forms of transport.

You should write at least 150 words.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

model answer:

The chart shows CO2 emissions per passenger kilometre for variuos methods of transport in the European Union while the pie chart shows European Union spending on transport. Flying by air produces by far the greatest CO2 emissions, approximately three times as much as passenger cars which are the next largest producers. Very little is spent by the EU on air travel while roads make up more than half of the EU transport budget.

Trains produce about three times less CO2 emissions per passenger kilometre than passenger cars and eight times less than air travel. Nearly a third of EU transport funds are spent on railways.

Ships are a clean form of transport and produce about the same amount of CO2 per passenger kilometre as trains do. However, only 2 percent of EU funds are spent on ports. A further one percent is spent on inland waterways.

Coaches are the cleanest form of transport. Emissions of CO2 per passenger kilometre from coaches are half those of buses. Buses emit less than half as much CO2 per passenger kilometre as cars. The European Union spends 10 percent of its transport budget on public transport, such as buses and coaches.

(197 words)

IELTS Writing Task 1 - Graph #31

The graph shows Underground Station Passenger Numbers in London.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

* You should write at least 150 words.* You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

model answer:

The graph shows the fluctuation in the number of people at a London underground station over the course of a day.

The busiest time of the day is in the morning. There is a sharp increase between 06:00 and 08:00, with 400 people using the station at 8 o'clock. After this the numbers drop quickly to less than 200 at 10 o'clock. Between 11 am and 3 pm the number rises, with a plateau of just under 300 people using the station.

In the afternoon, numbers decline, with less than 100 using the station at 4 pm. There is then a rapid rise to a peak of 380 at 6pm. After 7 pm, numbers fall significantly, with only a slight increase again at 8pm, tailing off after 9 pm.

Overall, the graph shows that the station is most crowded in the early morning and early evening periods.

Example about System in Writing Task 1

IELTS Essay Task 1: Central heating system The diagram below shows how a central heating system in a house works. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. You should write at least 150 words.

SAMPLE ANSWER :

This diagram provides an overview of a domestic central heating system. It shows how the tank, boiler and pipes ensure a constant flow of hot water to both the radiators and the taps. The cold water enters the house and is stored in a water storage tank in the roof. From there ü flows down to the boiler, located on the ground floor of the house. The boiler, which is fuelled by gas or oil, heats up the water as it passes through it. The hot water is then pumped round the house through a system of pipes and flows into the radiators, located in different rooms. The water circulates through the radiators, which have small tubes inside them to help distribute the heat, and this warms each of the rooms. Some of the water is directed to the taps to provide hot water for the house. Once the water has been through the pipes and radiators, it is returned to the boiler to be re-heated and circulated round the house again.

Introduction: First sentence. Overview: Second sentence. Key features: Entry of cold water into boiler; circulation of hot water to radiators and taps; return of water to boiler. Supporting information: direction of flow; types of boiler; location of radiators; radiator tubes Paragraph breaks: The paragraph breaks mark stages in the process. Linkers: and, from there, then, once, again Reference words: it, both, there, which, this Topic vocabulary: enters, stored, roof, flows, ground floor, located, passes,

pumped, system, circulates, heat, directed, returned, re-heated Less common vocabulary: ensure, fuelled by, heats up, distribute the heat, warms Structures: An appropriate mix of active and passive structures and a range of sentence types are used.

Length: 172 wordsExample about Project or Plan in Writing Task 1

IELTS Essay Task 1: Eiffel Tower in Paris The diagrams below give information about the Eiffel Tower in Paris and an outline project to extend it underground. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. You should write at least 150 words.

Model answer:

The Eiffel Tower is situated close to the Seine River in Paris. It is a metal structure that is 1,063 feet high and weighs 7,417 tonnes. The tower has been a tourist attraction since 1889, when it was built, and there are 1,665 steps that can be climbed in order to reach the two viewing platforms. There are now plans to build below the foundations of the tower. These plans include the development of five underground levels that will incorporate the tower's ticket office, shopping facilities, a cinema and museum and two floors of underground parking. Although details have yet to be finalised, the principle is that the five floors will be connected by two vertical passenger lifts on either side of the tower. In addition, the floor immediately below the tower, which is planned to house the ticket office, will also consist of a large atrium with a glass ceiling so that visitors can look directly up at the tower itself.

(162 words)

Source: Ukgate.com