Name:_________________ Period:____________ Date:_______________

CHAPTER 15: ACIDS & BASES

Guided Notes for Section 15.1: Properties of Acids and Bases (pp. 453-462)

From this section, you should be able to:

• List five general properties of aqueous acids and bases.

• Name common binary acids and oxyacids, given the chemical formulas.

• List five acids commonly used in industry and the laboratory, and give two properties of each.

• Define acid and base according to Arrhenius’s theory of ionization.

• Explain the differences between strong acids and weak acids and strong bases and weak bases.

Review

• How can you identify an acid?

• How do you name HF? H2SO4?

• What is OH-1

?

READ: Background Info from Section 14.1:

IONIZATION

• When ions are formed from polar solute

molecules by the action of the solvent

• Creating ions where there were none

• The extent to which a solute will ionize is

dependent on the strength of the bonds

within the molecules and the strength of

the attraction between between the solute

and solvent.

• HCl → H+1

+ Cl-1

– The hydrogen and chloride dissociate into ions even though it was originally covalent

HYDRONIUM

• HCl → H+1

+ Cl-1

• If this happens when hydrochloric acid is in water, it

means there are hydrogen ions floating around in the

water. They don’t like doing that, so they attach to the water and create a hydronium ion H3O+1,

releasing energy

WEAK VS. STRONG ELECTROLYTES

• Strong

– All or most of the compound exists as ions in aqueous solution

• Ex. NaCl, HCl

• Weak

– Small amount of dissolved compound exists as ions in aqueous solution

• Ex. HF, CH3COOH

Remember page 210 has all the polyatomic ions and their charges… USE ITTTTTTTTTT!!!

1. Describe the 5 main properties of acids

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

2.

a. What is a binary acid?

b. How do you name them?

c. Give two examples of binary acids and name them.

3.

a. What is an oxyacid?

b. How do you name them (remember ite →ous and ate →ic!!!)?

c. Give two examples of oxyacids and name them.

4. In the table below, fill in the information for the different common acids used in

laboratories or industry.

Acid Name Chemical

Formula

Properties Uses

Sulfuric Acid

Nitric Acid

Phosphoric Acid

Hydrochloric Acid

Acetic Acid

5. Describe the 5 main properties of bases.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

6. Define the following:

a. Arrhenius acid –

b. Arrhenius base –

7. When Arrhenius acids dissolve in water, what ions do they ionize into? Give an example.

8. When Arrhenius bases dissolve in water, what ions do they ionize into? Give an example.

9. Compare strong and weak acids and strong and weak bases in the table below. Include

definitions and the ionization of each in aqueous solutions.

Strong Acids Weak Acids Strong Bases Weak Bases