Tom Seago <toms@usc.edu>Advanced Desktop Technologies Team

Today’s OverviewToday’s Overview

Why ?Why ?What ?What ?

How ?How ?

The goal for today is that you leave The goal for today is that you leave here with enough knowledge to here with enough knowledge to add Video to your existing website.add Video to your existing website.

• Only one reason . . .Only one reason . . .

Why Add Video?Why Add Video?

MOTION!MOTION!

Why Motion?Why Motion?

• Visual information / learningVisual information / learning• Sense of “being there”Sense of “being there”• Create a moodCreate a mood• Excite the viewer!Excite the viewer!• Hold interestHold interest

Types of UseTypes of Use

• Video ProgramsVideo Programs

• Distance LearningDistance Learning

• Archives Archives

ExamplesExamples Page

What is the Technology?What is the Technology?

• DigitizingDigitizing

• CompressingCompressing

• StreamingStreaming

DigitizingDigitizing

• ““Regular” video is an analog Regular” video is an analog signalsignal

• Computers use digital dataComputers use digital data• Use a ‘digitizing’ or ‘capture’ Use a ‘digitizing’ or ‘capture’

card to convert the signal into card to convert the signal into datadata

• Just like digitizing audioJust like digitizing audio• Except it’s video :)Except it’s video :)

CompressionCompression

– Uncompressed video is Uncompressed video is approximately:approximately:• 640 x 480 resolution640 x 480 resolution• 24 bit color24 bit color• 7,372,800 bits per frame7,372,800 bits per frame• 30 frames per second30 frames per second• 210.9375 Megabits per second!210.9375 Megabits per second!

CompressionCompression

– Uncompressed video is approximately:Uncompressed video is approximately:• 210.9375 Megabits per second!210.9375 Megabits per second!

– MPEG-2 is highest quality compressionMPEG-2 is highest quality compression• About 15 Mbps for broadcast qualityAbout 15 Mbps for broadcast quality

– AVI & QuickTime are common formatsAVI & QuickTime are common formats• Typically about 500 Kbps or moreTypically about 500 Kbps or more

– RealMedia designed for network speedsRealMedia designed for network speeds• Typically 19 Kbps up to 200 KbpsTypically 19 Kbps up to 200 Kbps

( Compression of 10,800 times at 20 Kbps )( Compression of 10,800 times at 20 Kbps )

CompressionCompression

• Occurs while digitizing and when Occurs while digitizing and when preparing clips for streamingpreparing clips for streaming

• Reducing the quality Reducing the quality reduces the amount of information reduces the amount of information that must be compressedthat must be compressed– 320x240, 24 bit, 15fps = 320x240, 24 bit, 15fps = 26.37 Mbps26.37 Mbps

• Want to recompress as few as Want to recompress as few as times as possibletimes as possible

StreamingStreaming

• Data is played back as it Data is played back as it arrivesarrives

• Non streamed clips must Non streamed clips must download completely before download completely before playing backplaying back

• The Analogy …The Analogy …– Streaming is like watching televisionStreaming is like watching television– Non-Streaming is like renting a movieNon-Streaming is like renting a movie

Streaming is GoodStreaming is Good

• Faster time to initial start of Faster time to initial start of playbackplayback

• Almost no storage space is Almost no storage space is needed on client computerneeded on client computer

• Random access to streamRandom access to stream• Capability to send live streamsCapability to send live streams

Streaming is badStreaming is bad

• Generally lower qualityGenerally lower quality• Can be more susceptible to the Can be more susceptible to the

quality of the network connectionquality of the network connection• Requires more time to encode to Requires more time to encode to

get the best qualityget the best quality• Requires a special server to get Requires a special server to get

all the benefits of streaming all the benefits of streaming videovideo

True StreamingTrue Streaming

RealPlayerRealPlayer

Web BrowserWeb BrowserWeb ServerWeb Server

RealServerRealServer

Request for meta fileRequest for meta file

pnm meta filepnm meta filepnmpnmmetametafilefile

Request for streamRequest for stream

StreamStream

Pseudo-StreamingPseudo-Streaming

RealPlayerRealPlayer

Web BrowserWeb Browser

Web ServerWeb Server

Request for meta fileRequest for meta file

http meta filehttp meta filehttphttpmetametafilefile

Request for media fileRequest for media file

media filemedia file

How Does One Do All This?How Does One Do All This?

• Step 1 - Capture/Digitize the Step 1 - Capture/Digitize the VideoVideo

• Step 2 - Encode/Compress itStep 2 - Encode/Compress it

• Step 3 - Publish it on the webStep 3 - Publish it on the web

Step 1a - Capture the Step 1a - Capture the VideoVideo

- The Hardware -- The Hardware -• First - Video capture cardFirst - Video capture card

• Recommend Osprey 100 or 1000Recommend Osprey 100 or 1000• Miro DC30 is a poor choice for most usersMiro DC30 is a poor choice for most users

• Second - Enough disk space Second - Enough disk space • Recommend 4+ GB driveRecommend 4+ GB drive

• Third - The ComputerThird - The Computer• As fast as possibleAs fast as possible• 200+ MHz Processor200+ MHz Processor

Step 1b - Capture the Step 1b - Capture the VideoVideo

- The Software -- The Software -• Only basic functionality is Only basic functionality is

neededneeded• Most bundled software is fineMost bundled software is fine• Use Adobe Premiere if more Use Adobe Premiere if more

capabilities are neededcapabilities are needed• Can capture directly into the Can capture directly into the

RealEncoderRealEncoder

Step 2 - Encode the videoStep 2 - Encode the video

• Must make the Stream vs. Non-Must make the Stream vs. Non-Stream decisionStream decision

• Non-StreamNon-Stream– QuickTime vs. AVIQuickTime vs. AVI– QuickTime is more universalQuickTime is more universal– Use Premiere if it’s necessary to re-Use Premiere if it’s necessary to re-

encode the clipencode the clip

Step 2 - Encode the VideoStep 2 - Encode the Video

• Streaming VideoStreaming Video– RealMedia is recommended solutionRealMedia is recommended solution– Use RealEncoder to encodeUse RealEncoder to encode

http://www.real.com/encoder/realencoder.htmlhttp://www.real.com/encoder/realencoder.html

– One or multiple versions?One or multiple versions?– Use Premiere to prepare clips as Use Premiere to prepare clips as

necessarynecessary

Step 3 - Publish to the Step 3 - Publish to the WebWeb

• Non-StreamingNon-Streaming– Almost identical to publishing any Almost identical to publishing any

other documentother document– QuickTime clips can be embeddedQuickTime clips can be embedded– More QuickTime info atMore QuickTime info at

http://www.apple.com/quicktimehttp://www.apple.com/quicktime

Step 3 - Publish to the Step 3 - Publish to the WebWeb

• Pseudo-StreamingPseudo-Streaming– Access to RealServer not requiredAccess to RealServer not required– Move clips to web directoryMove clips to web directory– Create meta-files using http URL’sCreate meta-files using http URL’s– Embed or link to meta-filesEmbed or link to meta-files

Step 3 - Publish to the Step 3 - Publish to the WebWeb

• True StreamingTrue Streaming– Requires access to RealServerRequires access to RealServer– Move files to content directoryMove files to content directory– Create meta-files using pnm URL’sCreate meta-files using pnm URL’s– Embed or link to meta-filesEmbed or link to meta-files

CWIS IssuesCWIS Issues

• RealServer is only available on CWISRealServer is only available on CWIS• Open to any CWIS user/deptOpen to any CWIS user/dept• Fill out agreement formFill out agreement form

http://www.usc.edu/uscweb/authoring/RealMediahttp://www.usc.edu/uscweb/authoring/RealMedia – Agree to 200 MB limitAgree to 200 MB limit– Agree to not hog streamsAgree to not hog streams

• HTTP Pseudo-streaming available HTTP Pseudo-streaming available from any web serverfrom any web server

How to Get SetupHow to Get Setup

• HTTP Pseudo Stream has no HTTP Pseudo Stream has no setup!setup!

• Create content directoryCreate content directory• Turn in agreement formTurn in agreement form• Link is created to your Link is created to your

directorydirectory• Start streaming!Start streaming!

Use video on Use video on youryour website ... website ...

… … not because it is hard ...not because it is hard ...

… … but because it is easy!but because it is easy!

Questions?Questions?