douglass macarthur as i knew him-joseph choate-1986-128pgs-pol
TRANSCRIPT
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Douglas MacArthur
As I Knew Him
By J oseph Choate
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P r i v a t e l y P r i n t e d
B y : Joseph Choate
Copy righted 1986©
A l l R i g h t s R e s e r v e d
P r i n t e d i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s o f A m e r i c a
A v a i l a b l e a t :
F o w l e r B r o t h e r s B o o k s t o r e
L o s A n g el e s , C a l i f o r n i a 9 0 0 1 7
( 2 1 3 ) 6 2 7 - 7 8 4 6
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A NARRATIVE EULOGY
OF THEMAGNIFICENT STATESMANSHIP
OFGENERAL DOUGLAS MacARTHUR
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F r o n t i s p i e c e
G e n e r a l D o u g l a s M a c A r t h u r ,
S u p r e m e C o m m a n d e r f o r t h e A l l i e d P o w e r s ,
i n t h e a f t e r m a t h o f t h e w a r i n t h e P a c i f i c ,
i n 1 9 4 8 , l e a v i n g H i s H e a d q u a r t e r s i n t h e
D a i I c h i B u i l d i n g , i n T o k y o , J a p a n .
[ T h i s w a s t h e G e n e r a l ' s f a v o r i t e p h o t o g r a p h p r e s e n t e d t o J o s e p h C h o a t e , i n
1 9 5 5 , a t t h e W a l d o r f - A s t or i a T o w e r s , i n N e w Y o r k C i t y . ]
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Contents
Foreword By Norman Vincent Peale 1
D e d i c a t i o n 3
I n t r o d u c t i o n 4
Further Honorable Mention of Lowell Thomas 5
A P a r t i a l A u t o b i o g r a p h y o f t h e A u t h o r 8
Douglas MacArthur As I Knew Him 1 4
M a c A r t h u r f o r P r e s i d e n t 30
A T r i b u t e t o G e n e r a l J o n a t h a n W a i n w r i g h t
T h e H e r o o f C o r r e g i d o r 7 1
P u r p l e P a t c h # 1 7 7
M y M i s s i o n t o E g y p t i n 1 9 5 8 7 9
A V i s i t t o A u s t r a l i a - P u r p l e P a t c h # 2 86
T h e S o u r c e o f t h e G e n e r a l ' s P o w e r 9 3
Addendum
App endix
Acknowledgment
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Foreword
By Norman Vicent Peale
JOSEPH CHOATE IS MY GOOD FRIEND a n d i n o n e o f o u r
m a n y m e e t i n g s h e c a s u a l l y r e m a r k e d t h a t s o m e t i m e h e h o p e d t o
w r i t e a b o o k a b o u t t h a t g r e a t A m e r i c a n , D o u g l a s M a c A r t h u r ,
w i t h w h o m h e h a d a l o n g a n d i n t i m a t e f r i e n d s h i p .
I t o o k i t u p o n m y s e l f t o a d m o n i s h m y f r i e n d , " J o s e p h , "
I s a i d , " t h a t ` s o m e t i m e ' i s a n i l l u s i o n , o n l y ` n o w ' i s v i a b l e . I u r g e
y o u t o w r i t e t h a t b i o g r a p h y n o w , f o r y o u k n e w t h e G e n e r a l i n a
p e r s o n a l w a y t h a t w i l l l e n d u n i q u e n e s s t o y o u r b o o k . "
T o m y s u r p r i s e a n d d e l i g h t , J o s e p h w a s m o t i v a t e d t o a c t i o n .
A s a r e s u l t w e h a v e o n e o f t h e m o s t i n t e r e s t i n g a c c o u n t s o f t h e
l i f e o f M a c A r t h u r t h a t h a s b e e n w r i t t e n i n r e c e n t y e a r s .
I t i s a p l e a s u r e t o w r i t e t h i s F o r e w o r d f o r a b o o k t h a t f o c u s e s
o n t h e t h e m e o f t h e p r a c t i c a l , s p i r i t u a l q u a l i t i e s a n d i d e a l s o f a
m a n w h o a l l h i s l i f e h a s e x e m p l i f i e d a n d p r a c t i c e d t h a t w h i c h h e
p r o f e s s e d a n d w h e r e e x a g g e r a t i o n i s n e i t h e r n e e d e d n o r p o s -
s i b l e . A f t e r n u m e r o u s v i s i t s w i t h t h e a u t h o r a n d h a v i n g r e a d h i s
m a n u s c r i p t , I n o w h a v e a n e w i n s i g h t i n t o t h e s t a t e s m a n s h i p
q u a l i t i e s o f o n e o f A m e r i c a ' s g r e a t e st l e a d e r s .
I t i s r e f r e s h i n g t o r e a d t h i s b o o k b e c a u s e t h e a u t h o r n o t o n l y
r e l a t e s h i s r e c o l l e c t i o n s a s a s e a s o n e d C h r i s t i a n l a w y e r , b u t w h o
h a s a l s o d a r e d t o se n t i m e n t a l i z e , i d e a l i z e a n d e m p h a s i z e t h e
s p i r i t u a l s i d e a n d p r o f o u n d f a i t h o f t h e Ge n e r a l . I p e r s o n a l l y
f e e l t h a t M r . C h o a t e h a s r e n d e r e d a g r e a t c o n t r i b u t i o n o f t h i s
t r u t h t o t h e n a t i o n b y g i v i n g u s a l l a n e w i n s i g h t i n t o t h i s o f t e n
m i s u n d e r s t o o d a n d f r e q u e n t l y m a l i g n e d s o l d i e r a n d s t a t e s m a n .Mr. C h o a t e h a s s a i d , " A l t h o u g h t h e G e n e r a l e n c o u n t e r e d
f i e r c e e n e m i e s o n t h e b a t t l e f i e l d s o f t h e w o r l d , a t t i m e s h i s h o m e
r e a r g u a r d s w e r e h i s r e a l e n e m i e s . P o l i t i c a l a c r i m on y , j e a l o u s y
a n d i g n o r a n c e w e r e h i s a r c h f o e s . "
S e l d o m d o e s h i s t o r y r e v e a l t h e hi g h sp i r i t u a l l e a d e r s h i p q u a l i -
t i e s o f m e n i n h i g h p o s i t i o n s w i t h e m p h a s i s o n t h e i r a v o w e d
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f a i t h : a f a i t h w h i c h G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r n o t o n l y p r o f e s s e d b u t
p r a c t i c e d .
This book is a reflection of the inner-man of Douglas
M a c A r t h u r , a n d f o r t h o s e w h o se e k e n l i g h t e n m e n t a n d i n s p i r a -
t i o n , I u r g e t h e m t o r e a d i t a n d b e c o m e b e t t e r a c q u a i n t e d w i t h
him . T h e r e a d e r w i l l r e a l i z e h o w h i s f a i t h w a s t h e s o u r c e o f h i s
r e m a r k a b l e l e a d e r s hi p , s t a t e s m a n s h i p a n d s t a t ur e . H e w a s i n -
d e e d a r a r e m a n a m o n g m e n .
T h o s e p r o f o u n d a n d t i m e l y w o r d s s p o k e n o n t h e p a s s i n g o f
A b r a h a m L i n c o l n , a r e a g a i n a p p l i c a b l e t o a g r e a t A m e r i c a n
f i g u r e o f h i s t o r y , " H e n o w b e l o n g s t o t h e a g e s . "
NORMAN VINCENT PEALE
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D e d i c a t i o n
FIRST, TO MY LOVELY LADY, Dorothy Drew Choate, to my
s o n , J o s e p h C h o a t e , J r . ; t o h i s t w o m a g n i f i c e n t s o n s , J o h n
C h o a t e a n d D a v i d C h o a t e ; a n d i n r e m e m b r a n c e o f m y l i f e l o n g ,
f a b u l o u s f r i e n d L o w e l l T h o m a s , a t r u e c i t i z e n o f t h e w o r l d ,
w h o m I f i r s t m e t i n J e r u s a l e m i n t h e t w e n t i e s , a n d w h o f o r y e a r s
has urged me to write this book ; and who has now gone
u p s t a i r s ; a n d t o t h e c h a r m i n g , h o s p i t a b l e a n d c o u r a g e o u s l a d y
J e a n M a c A r t h u r , w h o i n s p i r e d h e r G e n e r a l f o r o v e r a q u a r t e r o f
a c e n t u r y . A n d t h e n , t o a l l b o y s a n d g i r l s , m e n a n d w o m e n , w h o
a s p i r e .
T h i s b o o k i s a l s o m y c o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e t h r e e g e n e r a t i o n s
who have lived in my own generation, and my legacy to
p o s t e r i t y , f o r t h o s e w h o s h a r e m y o w n a s p i r a t i o n s a n d h o p e s ,
n o t o n l y f o r a g o o d l i f e he r e , b u t a t l a s t t h e i r o w n i m m o r t a l i t y ,
s o t h a t e v e n t u a l l y t h e y m a y e n j o y a r e n d e z v o u s w i t h t h e i r
Maker .
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Introduction
BY REASON OF MY EARLY EXPERIENCES I d e v e l o p e d a d e e p ,
i d e a l i s t i c a d m i r a t i o n a n d e v e n v e n e r a t i o n f o r t h o s e w h o , t h r o u g h
a l i f e t i m e o f p e r s e v e r a n c e a n d h a r d w o r k , h a d a c h i e v e d m u c h
a n d t h e r e b y b l e s s e d t h e m s e l v e s , t h e i r g e n e r a t i o n a n d t h e g e n e r a -
t i o n s t o c o m e . S o I h a v e g o n e t h r o u g h l i f e s e a r c h i n g o u t a n d
r e v e r i n g m e n , n o t o n l y o f c h a r a c t e r a n d a c h i e v e m e n t , b u t w h o
p o s s e s s e d t h o s e p r o f o u n d s p i r i t u a l q u a l i t i e s t h a t m a d e t h e m
g r e a t .
I h a v e m e t a n d c o m e t o k n o w m a n y d i s t i n g u i s he d , a d m i r a b l e
m e n i n m y l i f e t i m e . B u t , w h e n I p r o v i d e n t i a l l y m e t a n d c a m e t o
k n o w D o u g l a s M a c A r t h u r , h e b l e s s e d m y g o a l . W e a l l c o n c e d e
t h a t h e w a s j u s t a m a n a s w e a l l a r e , b u t h e p o s s e s s e d t h o se
q u a l i t i e s a n d t h a t f a i t h i n h i s M a k e r t h a t q u a l i f i e d h i m f o r
i m m o r t a l i t y h e r e a n d h e r e a f t e r .
T h i s i s m y m o t i v a t i o n f o r t h i s b o o k : f i r s t , t o i n s p i r e m y s o n
and my two grandsons and, then, all others who share my
i d e a l i s t i c h o p e s a n d s p i r i t u a l a s p i r a t i o n s i n t h i s s h o r t p i l g r i m a ge
c a l l e d l i f e .
T h e p u r p o s e a n d m i s s i o n o f t h i s b o o k i s t o r e v e a l a n d e x t o l
n o t o n l y t h e m a g n i f i c e n t l e a d e r s h i p a n d s t a t e s m a n s h i p o f
G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r , b u t t o r e v e a l t h e s o u r c e o f h i s p o w e r a n d
s u c c e s s , g r o u n d e d i n h i s d e v o u t s p i r i t u a l f a i t h t h r o u g h o u t h i s
l o n g c a r e e r .
T h e f o l l o w i n g p a g e s a n d h i s t o r y i t s e l f s u b s t a n t i a t e m y t h e s i s .
He was truly a rare man among men for all times and all
s e a s o n s .
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Further Honora bl e Mention o f
L o w e l l T h o m a s
I n 1 9 3 4 , w h i l e p u r s u i n g m y g r a d u a t e s t u d i e s i n I n t e r n a t i o n a l
L a w a t H a r v a r d L a w S c h o o l , I r e c e i v e d a t e l e p h o n e c a l l f r o m
L o w e l l T h o m a s , a s k i n g m e t o d o a l l p o s s i b l e t o o b t a i n t w o
t i c k e t s o n t h e f i f t e e n - y a r d l i n e f o r t h e f o r t h c o m i n g H a r v a r d - Y a l e
f o o t b a l l g a m e . T w o d a y s l a t e r , I r e p o r t e d t o L o w e l l t h a t
I h a d t w o t i c k e t s o n t h e f i f t e e n - y a r d l i n e .
It was in late November when we had our reunion in
C a m b r i d g e f o r t h e g a m e ; i t w a s n e a r f r e e z i n g a n d , w h e n L o w e l l
a r r i v e d , h e w a s w e a r i n g h i s f a m o u s r a c c o o n c o a t , w i t h h i s
c a m e r a i n h a n d . t h e g a m e w a s a t h r i l l f o r b o t h o f u s .
T h e f o l l o w i n g y e a r I e n j o y e d a w o n d e r f u l d a y w i t h L o w e l l a t
h i s b e a u t i f u l h o m e o n Q u a k e r H i l l , i n P a w l i n g , N e w Y o r k .
L o w e l l h a d a n e a r n e i g h b o r , n a m e d N o r m a n V i n c e n t P e a l e , a n d
e v e n t u a l l y , t h r o u g h t h a t f r i e n d s h i p , I c a m e t o k n o w D r . P e a l e ,
o n e o f L o w e l l ' s m o s t a f f e c t i o n a t e a n d v a l u e d f r i e n d s t o t h e e n d .
B e c a u s e o f L o w e l l ' s i n s i s t e n c e f o r m a n y y e a r s t h a t I w r i t e
a b o u t M a c A r t h u r , a n d m y n u m e r o u s v i s i t s w i t h t h e G e n e r a l a n d
h i s w i f e , J e a n , f i r s t i n T o k y o a n d l a t e r i n N e w Y o r k , I t a k e t h i s
o p p o r t u n i t y t o g i v e f u r t h e r H o n o r a b l e M e n t i o n t o L o w e l l f o r
h i s y e a r s o f i n f l u e n c e a n d i n s p i r a t i o n o n m y p a t h o f l i f e .
T h o s e p i c t u r e s t a k e n f i f t y y e a r s a g o i n C a m b r i d g e , I s h a l l
i n c l u d e i n t h e s e p a g e s t h a t t h e y m a y b e e n j o y e d b y t h o s e w h o
k n e w , H i m p e r s o n a l l y , o r w h o h a v e r e a d h i s f a sc i n a t i n g g l o b a l
a d v e n t u r e b o o k s , o r w h o h a v e e n j o y e d h i s g o l d e n v o i c e f o r y e a r s
a c r o s s t h e n a t i o n . I t i s f i t t i n g i n t h i s r e m e m b r a n c e t ha t I c l o s e
w i t h L o w e l l ' s o w n f r i e n d l y , f a m o u s b r o a d c a s t i n g w o r d s ,
"AND, SO LONG, UNTIL T OMORR OW . "
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L owell Thomas, in Cambridge in 1 9 34, attending Harvard -Yale football
game, in his famous raccoon coat near freezing weather .
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1934, Joseph Choate, at Harvard- Yale football game with Lowell Thomas,
near freezing weather .
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A Partial Autobiography
Of The Author
NO ONE KNOWS HOW MUCH t h e p a s t i n f l u e n c e s t h e p r e s e n t
n o r h o w m u c h t h e p r e s e n t w i l l i n f l u e n c e t h e f u t u r e ; n e v e r t h e l e s s ,
t h a t i n f l u e n c e i s a s t r o n o m i c a l .
I n 1 9 1 8 m y d e a r A u n t R o s e H a r d e n b e r g a t L a g u n a B e a c h ,
C a l i f o r n i a , i n t r o d u c e d m e t o t h e b o o k s o f t h e i n s p i r i n g l i t e r a r y
genius known a s F r a E l b e r t H u b b a r d , o f E a s t A u r o r a , N e w
Y o r k , w h o m A u n t R o s e h a d c o m e t o k n o w v e r y w e l l p e r s o n a l l y
d u r i n g H u b b a r d ' s v i s i t s , s e a s o n a f t e r s e a s o n , a t t h e M i s s i o n I n n ,
a t R i v e r s i d e , C a l i f o r n i a . E l b e r t H u b b a r d l i v e d a t t h e t u r n o f t h e
c e n t u r y . He wrote and lectured and was one of the most
p r o l i f i c , t h o u g h t - p r o v o k i n g w r i t e r s w h o e v e r g r a c e d t h i s l a n d o f
o u r s .
H u b b a r d b e l i e v e d t h a t o n e o f t h e g r e a t e s t s o u r c e s of k n o w -
l e d g e , c u l t u r e a n d w i s d o m i n t h e w o r l d w a s b i o g r a p h i e s o f t h e
g r e a t e s t m e n a n d w o m e n t h a t e v e r l i v e d . I n p u r s u i t o f t h o s e
d e e p c o n v i c t i o n s a n d t h o u g h t s f o r n e a r l y t w e n t y y e a r s , h e w r o t e
h i s w o n d e r f u l w o r k s , s u c h a s T h e P h i l i s t i n e , N o t e b o o k , S c r a p -
book a n d h i s m o n u m e n t a l L i t t l e J o u r n e y s t o t h e H o m e s o f t h e
G r e a t . H e w r o t e t h o s e " L i t t l e J o u r n e y s " a l m o s t m o n t h l y u n t i l
h i s u n t i m e l y d e a t h o n t h e t o r p e d o e d s h i p L u s i t a n i a i n 1 9 1 5 .
T h e y c o n t a i n t h e b i o g r a p h i e s o f 1 8 4 o f t h e m o s t i l l u s t r i o u s
s t a t e s m e n , o r a t o r s , m u s i c i a n s , p h i l o s o p h e r s a n d o t h e r s . T h o s e
w r i t i n g s o f H u b b a r d w e r e s o t h o u g h t - p r o v o k i n g t h a t t h e r e a d e r
i s c o n s t a n t l y i n t r i g u e d , a s h e r e a d s , t o p o n d e r a n d m e d i t a t e o n
t h e i d e a s t h a t f l o w e d f r o m H u b b a r d ' s p e n . I h a v e p e r s o n a l l y
r e a d m a n y o f t h o s e " L i t t l e J o u r n e y s " ; t h e y a r e i l l u m i n a t i n g a n d
i n s p i r i n g .
Dr . C h a r l e s W . E l i o t , o f H a r v a r d U n i v e r s i t y , i n t h e e a r l y d a y s
o f t h i s c e n t u r y , p r e s e n t e d h i s f i v e - f o o t s h e l f o f v o l u m e s o f
l i t e r a t u r e a n d h i s t o r y ; b u t , t o m e , t h e su c c i n c t L i t t l e J o u r n e y s t o
t h e H o m e s o f t h e G r e a t b y H u b b a r d i s i n c o m p a r a b l e f o r b o t h
t h e s c h o l a r a n d t h e l e s s s c h o l a r l y .
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I d o n o t p o s s e s s a c a d e m i c g e n i u s o r t h e a p t i t u d e s o f a s c h o l a r
b u t t h r o u g h t h e m i r a c l e o f p e r s e v e r a n c e , h a r d w o r k a n d f a i t h i n
m y o w n a s p i r a t i o n s , I h a v e a t t a i n e d a d e g r e e o f p e r s o n a l s u c c e s s
i n l i f e .
I i n h e r i t e d i n p a r t m y i d e a l s , p r i n c i p l e s a n d a s p i r a t i o n s f r o m
t w o o f m y i l l u s t r i o u s f o r e b e a r s , R u f u s C h o a t e , p r e e m i n e n t N e w
E n g l a n d l a w y e r , w h o l i v e d i n t h e f i r s t h a l f o f t h e n i n e t e e n t h
century and who was renowned not only throughout New
E n g l a n d b u t a l l A m e r i c a , a n d h i s n e p h e w , J o s e p h H . C h o a t e ,
w h o b e c a m e o n e o f A m e r i c a ' s m o st e s t e e m e d l a w y e r s , s t a t e s m e n
a n d d i p l o m a t s .
I h a v e n o t e d t h e a b o v e f o r a v e r y p e r s o n a l r e a s o n , b e c a u s e , a t
t h e t u r n o f t h e c e n t u r y , w h e n I w a s b o r n , J o s e p h H . C h o a t e w a s
s e r v i n g a s t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s A m b a s s a d o r t o t h e C o u r t o f S a i n t
James at L ondon, when Queen Victoria was on the British
t h r o n e . M y f a t h e r w a s a g r e a t a d m i r e r o f h i s d i s t a n t N e w
E n g l a n d c o u s i n a n d g a v e m e t h e n a m e o f J o s e p h , f o r w h i c h
I s h a l l a l w a y s b e g r a t e f u l . Rufus C hoate and Joseph C hoate
became two of the most illustrious Harvard Law School
s t u d e n t s a n d a l u m n i i n h i s t o r y . T h e r e f o r e , a s a f a m i l y t r a d i t i o n ,
I d r e a m e d o f s o m e d a y p o s s i b l y a t t e n d i n g H a r v a r d L a w S c h o o l .
I n 1 9 3 4 , w i t h t r e p i d a t i o n , I a p p l i e d f o r a d m i s s i o n t o t h e
H a r v a r d L a w S c h o o l f o r g r a d ua t e s t u d y i n i n t e r n a t i o n a l l a w i n
s p i t e o f m y l a c k o f s c h o l a r l y a t t a i n m e n t s . I h a d c o n t i n ue d t o
harbor my dream . I d i r e c t e d a l e t t e r t o D e a n R o s c o e P o u n d , t h e
esteemed Dean of Harvard L aw School . M i r a c u l o u s l y , t h e
Harvard f aculty awarded me a fellowship in the Graduate
S c h o o l o f I n t e r n a t i o n a l L a w f o r t h e e n s u i n g y e a r .
A t H a r v a r d , I s t u d i e d u n d e r t h e i l l u s t r i o u s p r o f e s s o r M a n l e yO. H u d s o n , f a m e d l a w y e r a n d p r o f e s s o r o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l l a w ; h e
was also a member of the World C ourt at The Hague in
Holland . H e w a s m y f a c u l t y a d v i s or . O n e o f t h e a s s i g n m e n t s h e
g a v e m e w a s t o w r i t e a g r a d u a t e t h e s i s o n a s u b j e c t o f m y o w n
c h o o s i n g , s u b j e c t t o h i s a p p r o v a l . H o w d e s t i n y d i r e c t s o u r
c o u r s e ! F o r t h e t h e s i s , f o r t u n a t e l y , I c h o s e t h e t h e m e o f D i p l o -
m a t i c P r i v i l e g e s , R i g h t s a n d I m m u n i t i e s , b e c a u s e o f t h e A m b a s s a -
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d o r i a l c a r e e r o f J o s e p h H . C h o a t e . T h i s s e l e c t i on p r o v e d t o
b e P r o v i d e n t i a l b e c a u s e o f w h a t w a s t o t a k e p l a c e t e n y e a r s
l a t e r .
O n e o f m y d e l i g h t f u l g r a d u a t e c l a s s m a t e s i n t h e f i e l d o f
international law was a lawyer from Paris, named Jean
Leveque . W e h a d a f a s c i n a t i n g , i f s t r u g g l i n g , y e a r t o g e t h e r .
P r o f e s s o r H u d s o n w a s v i r t u a l l y a s t u d e n t s l a v e d r i v e r , b u t w e
s u r v i v e d a n d , w h e n w e g r a d u a t e d , w e p r o m i s e d t o m e e t a g a i n
w h e n p o s s i b l e . I n 1 9 4 6 , m o r e t h a n t e n y e a r s a f t e r g r a d u a t i o n ,
f o l l o w i n g t h e e n d o f W o r l d W a r I I , I f o u n d i t n e c e s s a r y t o g o t o
E u r o p e o n a l e g a l m a t t e r , s o I w r o t e J e a n L e v e q u e t h a t I w o u l d
s o o n b e i n P a r i s . H e w r o t e b a c k w e l c o m i n g m e a n d s t a t i n g t ha t
h e h a d a n i m p o r t a n t c a s e t o d i s c u s s w i t h m e w h e n I a r r i v e d .
U p o n m y a r r i v a l , h e l i t e r a l l y t h r u s t u p o n m e a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l
l a w c a s e i n v o l v i n g t h e v i o l a t i o n o f t h e D i p l o m a t i c R i g h t s ,
Privileges and Immunities of his client, General George
B a g u l e s c o , a f o r m e r R o m a n i a n A m b a s s a d o r t o J a p a n . H e t o l d
m e t h a t t h e c a s e w a s s o i n v o l v e d i n t e r n a t i o n a l l y t h a t h e w i s h e d
m e t o c o n s i d e r t a k i n g i t . T h e n , o v e r t h r e e d a y s , h e t o l d m e t h e
f o l l o w i n g s t o r y .
I n 1 9 4 3 , w h i l e G e n e r a l B a g u l e s c o w a s se r v i n g h i s c o u n t r y i n
J a p a n , h e w a s a s s a u l t e d , i n a n a t t e m p t e d a s s a s s i n a t i o n , i n h i s
o f f i c e a n d h e w a s d e e m e d d e a d . H e w a s a t t e n d e d b y a G e r m a n
D o c t o r a n d , w h i l e t h e J a p a n e s e f o r e i g n o f f i c e w a s w a i t i n g
s e v e r a l d a y s f o r i n s t r u c t i o n s f r o m t h e R o m a n i a n c a p i t a l i n
B u c h a r e s t a s t o t h e d i s p o s i t i o n o f h i s r e m a i n s , h e m i r a c u l o u s l y
r e g a i n e d c o n s c i o u s n e s s . A f t e r s e v e r a l m o n t h s , h i s r e c o v e r y w a s
s u f f i c i e n t t o e n a b l e h i m , w i t h t h e a s s i s t a n c e o f h i s c l o s e p e r s o n a l
f r i e n d t h e S w e d i s h M i n i s t e r W e d a r B a g g e , t h e s e n i o r d i p l o m a t
i n J a p a n , t o l e a v e J a p a n . W i t h g r e a t d i f f i c u l t y , h e w e n t f i r s t t o
T i e n t s i n , i n C h i n a , t h e n t o S h a n g h a i . A f t e r t h a t , h e w e n t t o t h e
U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d p r o c e e d e d f r o m N e w Y o r k t o F r a n c e , w h e r e
the French government accorded him asylum as a former
R o m a n i a n d i p l o m a t n o w i n e x i l e . T h i s a l l o c c u r r e d d u r i n g t h e
h e i g h t o f W o r l d W a r I I .
I t w a s i m m e d i a t e l y e v i d e n t t o m e t h a t G e n e r a l B a g u l e s c o ' s
D i p l o m a t i c P r i v i l e g e s , r i g h t s a n d i m m u n i t i e s h a d b e e n f l a g r a n t l y
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v i o l a t e d i n J a p a n w h i l e h e w a s a n a c c r e d i t e d d i p l o m a t t o t h e
Government of Japan . I t w a s a c l a s s i c e x a m p l e o f t h e v i o l a t i o n
o f t h e t i m e - h o n o r e d p r i v i l e g e s a n d p r i n c i p l e s o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l
l a w .
J e a n L e v e q u e t h e n u r g e d m e t o g o t o N i c e o n t h e F r e n c h
R i v i e r a t o s e e h i s c l i e n t . I a g r e e d , w h e r e u p o n h e t e l e p h o n e d
G e n e r a l B a g u l e s c o a n d a r r a n g e d f o r m e t o s e e h i m .
T h e f o l l o w i n g d a y I s t a r t e d f o r N i c e a n d , w h e n I c a l l e d a t t h e
G e n e r a l ' s a p a r t m e n t o n t h e R i v i e r a , I m e t a m o s t g r a c i o u s ,
m a g n e t i c p e r s o n a l i t y o f i m p o s i n g s t a t u r e . F o r f o ur d a y s t h e r e -
a f t e r , h e r e l a t e d t o m e t h e i n t e r e s t i n g b a c k g r o u n d , t h e f a c t s a n d
c i r c u m s t a n c e s s ur r o u n d i n g t h e a t t a c k o n h i m i n T o k y o i n 1 9 4 3 .
T h i s i n c i d e n t t o o k p l a c e w h i l e h e w a s i n J a p a n a s t h e p e r s o n a l
r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f h i s f r i e n d K i n g M i c h a e l o f R o m a n i a .
A f t e r r e l a t i n g t h e f a c t s o f t h e a s s a u l t o n h i s l i f e , h e u r g e d m e
t o g o t o H o n g K o n g s o m e t i m e s o o n t o m e e t a n d c o n f e r w i t h D r .
W i t t e n b e r g , t h e G e r m a n p h y s i c i a n w h o a t t e n d e d h i m i n T o k y o
i m m e d i a t e l y a f t e r t h e a ss a u l t . Hitler was now dead and the
E u r o p e a n W a r w a s o v e r , s o h e f e l t s u r e t h a t D r . W i t t e n b e r g ,
now retired in Hong Kong, would be friendly and a very
i m p o r t a n t w i t n e s s i n t h e p r o o f o f h i s c a s e .
H i s g e n e r o u s o f f e r o f c o m p e n s a t i o n w a s m o s t g r a t i f y i n g .
I r e t u r n e d t o L o s A n g e l e s v i a P a r i s t o r e p o r t t o L e v e q u e o n o u r
d i s c u s s i o n s a n d a g r e e m e n t . T h i s c a s e h a d m a n y r a m i f i c a t i o n s
a n d p o s e d m a n y c h a l l e n g e s . F i r s t , G e n e r a l B a g u l e s c o r e s i d ed i n
F r a n c e ; t h e s c e n e o f t h e a s s a u l t w a s i n J a p a n ; a n d I l i v e d i n
C a l i f o r n i a . M a n y o f t h e n e c e s s a r y w i t n e s s e s l i v e d i n r e m o t e
p l a c e s . T h e n , t o o , i t m u s t b e r e m e m b e r e d t h a t t h e o f f e n s e t o o k
p l a c e i n T o k y o d u r i n g W o r l d W a r I I w h e n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s
a n d J a p a n w e r e a t w a r . S o i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e l a n g u a g e b a r r i e r , i t
p r e s e n t e d a g r e a t m a n y c h a l l e n g i n g p r o b l e m s .
I n 1 9 4 7 , a f t e r t e l e p h o n e c o n f e r e n c e s a n d e x t e n s i v e c o r r e -
s p o n d e n c e w i t h G e n e r a l B a g u l e s c o , i t b e c a m e a p p a r e n t t h a t
I should p roceed with dispatch to Hong Kong to meet and
c o n f e r w i t h D r . W i t t e n b e r g .
T h i s w a s i n t h e i m m e d i a t e a f t e r m a t h o f t h e w a r i n t h e P a c i f i c ,
t h e s u r r e n d e r o f J a p a n a n d t h e s i g n i n g o n S e p t e m b e r 2 , 1 9 4 5 , o f
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t h e I n s t r u m e n t o f s u r r e n d e r b y G e n e r a l D o u g l a s M a c A r t h u r i n
T o k y o B a y a b o a r d t h e b a t t l e s h i p M i s s o u r i o n b e h a l f o f a l l t h e
A l l i e d P o w e r s .
A t t h a t t i m e , t h e O r i e n t w a s a h i g h l y r e s t r i c t e d m i l i t a r y
t h e a t r e o f o p e r a t i o n s u n d e r G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r a s t h e S u p r e m e
C o m m a n d e r f o r t h e A l l i e d P o w e r s . I w a s s o o n t o l e a r n t h a t n o
o n e , e x c e p t w i t h t h e p e r s o n a l p e r m i s s i o n a n d a p p r o v a l o f
G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r , w a s a l l o w e d t o e n t e r t h a t t h e a t r e .
I r e c a l l e d t h a t m y l o n g t i m e f r i e n d , C a p t a i n C h a r l e s J o k s t a d ,
w h o h a d b e c o m e t h e S e n i o r C a p t a i n f i r s t o f t h e R o b e r t D o l l a r
L i n e i n S a n F r a n c i s c o a n d t h e n i t s s u c c e s s o r , t h e A m e r i c a n
President Line, was a close personal friend of General
MacArthur, who had often sailed with Captain Jokstad to
Manila . I n M a n i l a , G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r o c c u p i e d a l a r g e s u i t e
o n t h e t o p f l o o r o f t h e M a n i l a H o t e l , a n d C a p t a i n J o k s t a d ,
w h e n i n p o r t t h e r e , a l w a y s o c c u p i e d a s i m i l a r s u i t e o n t h e s a m e
f l o o r o f t h e ho t e l , s o t h e G e n e r a l a n d t h e C a p t a i n e n j o y e d a
l o n g t i m e f r i e n d s h i p .
W h e n I c a l l e d C a p t a i n J o k s t a d a n d t o l d h i m o f m y u r g e n t
n e e d t o g o t o H o n g K o n g o n a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l l a w m a t t e r a n d
t h a t I h a d j u s t d i s c o v e r e d t h a t I c o u l d n o t g o i n t o t h e O r i e n t
m i l i t a r y t h e a t r e o f o p e r a t i o n s w i t h o u t t h e p e r s o n a l p e r m i s s i o n o f
G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r , t h e C a p t a i n i m m e d i a t e l y r e p l i e d , " I ' l l s e n d
y o u a t o n c e a l e t t e r a d d r e s s e d t o G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r v o u c hi n g
f o r y o u r i n t e g r i t y a n d y o u r l o y a l t y a s a g o o d A m e r i c a n c i t i z e n .
and a s a r e l i a b l e , g o o d f r i e n d o f m i n e . "
C a p t a i n J o k s t a d ' s l e t t e r a r r i v e d t w o d a y s l a t e r . I a l s o t h o u g h t
of my longtime friend and law school classmate Edward
S h a t t u c k w h o h a d b e e n o n G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r ' s p e r s o n a l s t a f f
d u r i n g t h e w a r . H i s l a w o f f i c e w a s a c r o s s t h e s t r e e t f r o m m i n e ,
s o a f t e r a p h o n e c a l l , I w a s i n h i s o f f i c e i n t h i r t y m i n u t e s . I t o l d
him of my problem . H e a t o n c e d i c a t e d a n d h a n d e d t o m e h i s
f i n e l e t t e r o f r e c o m m e n d a t i o n t o G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r .
I t h e n w r o t e a l e t t e r t o G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r a s k i n g f o r h i s
p e r s o n a l p e r m i s s i o n t o e n t e r h i s t h e a t r e o f mi l i t a r y o p e r a t i o n s t o
p r o c e e d t o H o n g K o n g t o i n t e r v i e w a n i m p o r t a n t w i t n e s s i n a n
i n t e r n a t i o n a l l a w c a s e . T o v o u c h f o r m y h o n o r a b l e , d e p e n d -
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a b l e l o y a l A m e r i c a n c i t i z e n s h i p , I e n c l o s e d t h e t w o l e t t e r s , o n e
f r o m C a p t a i n J o k s t a d a n d o n e f r o m C o l o n e l S h a t t u c k .
E i g ht d a y s l a t e r , I r e c e i v e d a p e r s o n a l l e t t e r f r o m G e n e r a l
M a c A r t h u r s t a t i n g t h a t I h a d h i s p e r s o n a l p e r m i s s i o n t o p r o c e e d
t o H o n g K o n g v i a J a p a n . I n h i s l e t t e r , h e s t a t e d h e h o p e d t h a t I
w o u l d s t o p a n d s e e h i m i n T o k y o e n r o u t e a n d t h a t h e h a d
r e q u e s t e d t h e a r m y p e r m i t s e c t i o n a t t h e P e n t a g o n t o i s s u e t h e
a p p r o p r i a t e p e r m i t , w h i c h I w o u l d s o o n b e r e c e i v i n g d i r e c t l y
from Washington . T h e f o l l o w i n g d a y , I a l s o r e c e i v e d a l e t t e r
from Colonel Sidney L . H u f f , s t a t i n g t h a t h e w a s G e n e r a l
M a c A r t h u r ' s p e r s o n a l a i d e a n d a s k i n g m e t o w i r e h i m f r o m
H o n o l u l u t h e f l i g h t n u m b e r a n d t h e d a t e o f m y a r r i v a l i n T o k y o
s o t h a t h e m i g h t m e e t t h e p l a n e .
P a n A m e r i c a n A i r w a y s h a d i n i t i a l l y f l a t l y r e f u s e d t o c o n s i d e r
i s s u i n g m e a t i c k e t t o J a p a n a n d H o n g K o n g u n t i l I p r o c u r e d
p e r s o n a l c o n s e n t f r o m G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r , a s w e l l a s a p e r m i t
f r o m t h e W a r D e p a r t m e n t i n W a s h i n g t o n . T w o d a y s l a t e r , w h e n
I p r o d u c e d b o t h t h e l e t t e r f r o m G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r a n d t h e
a u t h o r i z a t i o n f r o m t h e P e n t a g o n , m y t i c k e t t o J a p a n a n d H o n g
K o n g w a s i s s u e d p r o m p t l y .
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Douglas MacArthur
As I Knew Him
SEVERAL DAYS LATER, I sent a wire from Honolulu to
C o l o n e l H u f f , a d v i s i n g h i m o f m y f l i g h t n u m b er , d a t e a n d t i m e
o f a r r i v a l a t T o k y o H a n e d a A i r p o r t .
I c o u l d c a r r y o n l y l i g h t l u g g a ge , I w a s i n f o r m e d i n H a w a i i ;
m y h e a v y b a g g a g e c o u l d g o o n l y b y m i l i t a r y c a r g o p l a n e . N i n e
h o u r s fr o m H o n o l u l u , w e l a n d e d a t W a k e I s l a n d i n m i d - P a c i f i c
f o r r e f u e l i n g a n d r e f r e s h m e n t . T h o s e w e r e t h e d a y s o f t he r a t h e r
s l o w f o u r - m o t o r , c o m f o r t a b l e B o e i n g S t r a t o c r u i s e r , j u s t b e f o r e
t h e a d v e n t o f t h e j e t . W i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f t w o t e a c h e r s , I w a s
t h e o n l y c i v i l i a n o n t h e p l a n e a m o n g a f u l l l o a d o f s o l d i e r s .
F r o m W a k e I s l a n d , i n n i n e h o u r s w e s i g h t e d J a p a n ' s s a c r e d
p e a k , M o u n t F u j i y a m a , t h e n f l e w o v e r Y o k o h a m a , w h i c h w a s a
f o rl o r n , d e v a st a t e d s i gh t . F i n a l l y , w e l a n d e d a t H a n e d a . I t w a s a
s h oc k i n g s i g ht . A m e r i c a n s o l d i e r s w e r e e v e r y w h e r e. W h e n t h e
front door of the plane was opened, an American soldier
a p p e a r e d a t t h e d o o r a n d , i n a l o u d , c o m m a n d i n g v o i c e a s k e d i f
t h e r e w a s a p a s s e n g e r a b o a r d n a m e d J o s e p h C h o a t e a n d , i f s o ,
h e w a s t o r a i s e h i s h a n d .
W h e n I r a i s e d m y h a n d , h e a s k e d m e t o c o m e f o r w a r d ; t h e
o t h e r p a s s e n g e r s w e r e r e q u e s t e d t o r e m a i n s e a t e d . I t w a s i m m e di -
a t e l y o b v i o u s t ha t a l l o f t h e o t h e r p a s s e n ge r s w e r e p e r t u r b e d . A s
I p r o c e e d e d t o t h e f r o n t o f t h e p l a n e , t h e c r e w a n d t h e p i l o t s
s t o o d b y a n d w i s h e d m e w e l l . I t h e n f o l l o w e d t h e s o l d i e r d o w n
t h e r a m p t o t h e g r o u n d l e v e l w h e r e I w a s g r e e t e d b y C o l o n e l
H u f f , w h o i n t r o d u c e d h i m s e l f . He extended a welcome and
g r e e t i n g s f r o m t h e G e n e r a l a n d M r s . MacArthur . N e a r b y t h e
r a m p w a s a p a r k e d U n i t e d S t a t e s m i l i t a r y c a r a n d c h a u f f e u r .
W h e n w e w e r e s e a t e d i n t h e c a r , I a s k e d C o l o n e l H u f f a b o u t
m y l u g g a g e , w h e r e u p o n h e a s k e d f o r b a g g a g e c h e c k s a n d , w h e n
I a s k e d a b o u t c u s t o m s a n d i m m i g r a t i o n f o r m a l i t i e s , h e r e p l i e d
t h a t a l l t h o s e f o r m a l i t i e s h a d b e e n t a k e n c a r e o f .
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T h e n w e s t a r t e d f o r T o k y o , w h i c h y e a r s p r e v i o u s l y t o o k
a b o u t f o r t y m i n ut e s . N o w t h e r o a d s w e r e m e r e p a t h s ; r u i n s a n d
d e b r i s we r e e v e r y w h e r e , a n i n c r e d i b l y sa d s i gh t . I t t o o k m o r e
t h a n a n h o u r t o t r a v e r s t h e d i s t a n c e . F i n a l l y , w e p a s s e d t h e f i n e
o l d F r a n k L l o y d W r i g h t I m p e r i a l H o t e l , w h e r e I h a d s t a y e d
p r e v i o u s l y . C o l o n e l H u f f t o l d m e t h a t t h e I m p e r i a l H o t e l w a s
g r e a t l y o v e r c r o w d e d a n d i t w a s n e c e s s a r y f o r m e t o b e b i l l e t e d a t
t h e T o k y o H o t e l n e a r t h e c e n t r a l r a i l r o a d s t a t i o n .
H e a l s o s a i d t h a t G e n e r a l a n d M r s . M a c A r t h u r w i s h e d m e t o
h a v e l u n c h e o n w i t h t h e m a t t h e i r r e s i d e n c e t h e f o l l o w i n g d a y
a n d t h a t h e w o u l d c a l l f o r m e t h e n e x t d a y a t n o o n , a d d i n g t h a t
t h e G e n e r a l h o p e d t h a t i n t h e m e a n t i m e I w o u l d g e t s o m e m u c h -
n e e d e d r e s t a ft e r m y l o n g f l i g h t . T h e n , a s h e l e f t , C o l o n e l H u f f
gave me the headquarters address and a telephone number
w h e r e I c o u l d r e a c h h i m sh o u l d I h a v e a n y f u r t h e r n e e d s . H e
t h e n l e f t m e a t t h e T o k y o H o t e l .
A f t e r a g o o d b r e a k f a s t , s h ow e r a n d u n p a c k i n g , I d e c i d e d t o
t a k e a w a l k . A s I w a s p a s s i n g t h e J a p a n e s e c l e r k a t t h e f r o n t
d e s k , h e a s k e d m e f o r m y m i l i t a r y p e r m i t n u m b e r . W h e n I t o l d
h i m t h a t I h a d n o s u c h m i l i t a r y p e r m i t , h e s a i d i t w a s v e r y
d a n g e r o u s f o r m e t o g o o u t i n t h e s t r e e t s w i t h o u t a m i l i t a r y
p e r m i t b e c a u s e t h e m i l i t a r y p o l i c e w e r e e v e r y w h e r e a n d t h a t
I w o u l d b e s t o p p e d . H e r e c o m m e n d e d t h a t I g o a t o n c e t o t he
M i l i t a r y P o l i c e P r o v o s t M a r s h a l l ' s O f f i c e a n d g e t m y p e r m i t ;
o t h e r w i s e , I w o u l d b e p i c k e d u p . H e g a v e m e a m a p a n d t o l d m e
w h e r e t o g o , t h r o u g h t h e l i t t l e p a t h s i n t h e d e b r i s l e a d i n g f r o m
o n e s t r e e t t o a n o t h e r a n d t h e n o u t t o t h e M a r i n o u c h i m a i n
t h o r o u g hf a r e t h a t p a r a l l e l e d t h e E m p e r o r ' s P a l a c e o u t e r m o a t .
I s t a r t e d o u t a n d , o f c o u r s e , i t w a s a n u n b e l i e v a b l e s i g h t .
T h e r e w a s d e v a s t a t i o n a s f a r a s t h e e y e c o u l d r e a c h o n e v e r y
s i d e . A s I w a l k e d , I r e c a l l e d t h e f o r m e r s t a t e l i n e s s o f t h i s a r e a i n
1 9 3 0 a n d 1 9 3 4 . I n t h o s e d a y s , i t w a s l i n e d w i t h b u i l d i n g s a n d
b e a u t i f u l l y k e p t t r e e s .
A f t e r a m i l e , I p a s s e d t h e m a g n i f i c e n t D a i I c h i b u i l d i n g , t h e
f o r m e r h e a d q u a r t e r s o f o n e o f t h e o u t s t a n d i n g i n s u r a n c e c o m -
p a n i e s o f J a p a n . T h e D a i I c h i b ui l d i n g w a s n o w H e a d q u a r t e r s ,
or GHQ, of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers,
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a n d w h e r e G e n e r a l M a c Ar t h u r h a d h i s h e a d q u a r t e r s . A n A m e r i -
c a n f l a g s t o o d a t t h e e n t r a n c e . I c o n t i n u e d o n a f u r t h e r b l o c k ,
c r o s s e d t w o m o r e s t r e e t s , a n d t h e n I s a w a n o f f i c e b u i l d i n g a t
t h e v e r y c o r n e r o f t h e i n t e r s e c t i o n w i t h a s i g n r e a d i n g M i l i t a r y
P o l i c e - P r o v o s t M a r s h a l .
A p p r o a c h i n g t h a t e n t r a n c e , I s a w t w o h e r o i c m a r i n e m i l i t a r y
p o l i c e s t a n d i n g a t a t t e n t i o n , o n e o n e i t h e r s i d e . I s a l u t e d a n d
s a i d , " G o o d m o r n i n g , G e n t l e m e n . " A s I e n t e r e d t h e b u i l d i n g ,
e a c h o f t h e m a r i n e s s a l u t e d m e . I t h e n a p p r o a c h e d a f o r m i d a b l e
h i g h d e s k ; b e h i n d i t w e r e t w o a u s t e r e o f f i c e r s , L i e u t e n a n t s ,
I b e l i e v e . W h e n I a s k e d w h e r e m i l i t a r y p e r m i t s w e r e i s s u e d , o n e
r a t h e r c u r t l y r e p l i e d , " R i g h t h e r e , S i r. "
S o t h e n I a s k e d t h e m t h e p r o c e d u r e I w a s t o f o l l o w t o o b t a i n
a m i l i t a r y p e r m i t . O n e o f t h e o f f i c e r s i n q u i r e d , " D o y o u m e a n t o
t e l l m e t h a t y o u d o n o t n o w h a v e a m i l i t a r y p e r m i t ? "
W h e n I r e p l i e d t h a t I d i d n o t a n d a s k e d , " D o I n e e d t o h a v e
o n e ? " h e r e p l i e d , " Y o u c e r t a i n l y d o . "
H e t o o k o u t a l o n g q u e s t i o n n a i r e a n d s a i d , " Y o u m u s t a n s w e r
t h e s e f o u r q u e s t i o n s . W h a t i s y o u r s t a t u s ? "
W h e n I a s k e d h i m w h a t h e m e a n t b y t h e w o r d " s t a t u s , " h e
r e p l i e d , " Y o u c e r t a i n l y u n d e r s t a n d t h e E n g l i s h l a n g u a g e , d o n ' t
y o u ? "
I r e p l i e d t h a t I w a s n o t k n o w l e d g e a b l e o f t h e i r m i l i t a r y
n o m e n c l a t u r e , w h e r e u p o n h e a n s w e r e d , " I w i l l t h e n i n f o r m y o u
a s t o t h e s e q u e s t i o n s a n d y o u r r i g h t s . "
H e a s k e d t h e s e c o n d t i m e w h a t w a s m y s t a t u s i n J a p a n . When
I r e s p o n d e d t h a t I d i d n ' t k n o w w h a t h e m e a n t b y s t a t u s , h e s a i d
c r i t i c a l l y ; "You amaze me . N u m b e r o n e , a r e y o u i n t h e m i l i t a r y
s e r v i c e ? "
I r e p l i e d , "No . "
H e t h e n p a s s e d t o q u e s t i o n n u m b e r t w o . " A r e y o u h e r e on a
g o v e r n m e n t m i s s i o n ? "
I a n s w e r e d , "No . "
Then he said, "Number three, are you a Minister or a
M i s s i o n a r y o r a R a b b i o r a t e a c h e r ? "
I r e s p o n d e d , "No . "
- 1 6 -
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His next comment was "You must be here then under the
a u s p i c e s o f a s p e c i a l g u i d e d t o u r a s a s p e c i a l g o v e r n m e n t t o u r
v i s i t o r . "
W h e n I r e p l i e d t h a t I w a s n o t , h e s t a t e d , " I ' m g o i n g t o h a v e t o
t u r n y o u o v e r t o o u r o f f i c e r f o r i n v e s t i g a t i o n . Once more,
I w o u l d l i k e t o r e p e a t w h a t I s a i d a n d t r y t o e s t a b l i s h y o u r
s t a t u s . T h i s i s a v e r y s e r i o u s m a t t e r . Y o u a r e h e r e u n d e r s t r i c t
m i l i t a r y r u l e s a n d r e g u l a t i o n s . "
H e t h e n r e p e a t e d t o m e t h e q u e s t i o n s o n t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e .
A n d t o a l l f o u r q u e s t i o n s, I a n s w e r e d , "No . "
T h e o f f i c e r t h e n s a i d : " A p p a r e n t l y , y o u a r e a m a n w i t h o u t a
s t a t u s. N o w w e a r e g o i n g t o f i n d o u t h o w y o u g o t i n h e r e
. I a m
now turning you over to our Commanding Colonel of the
m i l i t a r y p o l i c e f o r i n v e s t i g a t i on . I a m p u z z l e d a n d I m u st f i n d
o u t h o w y o u g o t i n t o J a p a n . "
N o w I w a s b e g i n n i n g t o e n j o y t h e d i a l o g u e . I t o l d h i m t h a t
I h a d r e c e i v e d a l e t t e r f r o m a f r i e n d w h o i n v i t e d m e t o v i s i t h i m
i n J a p a n . A t t h a t , h e b e c a m e i n f u r i a t e d a n d s a i d , " T h i s i s a v e r y
s e r i o u s m a t t e r . "
H e t h e n s e n t f o r h i s c o m m a n d i n g o f f i c e r , w h o t u r n e d o u t t o
b e a C o l o n e l , a n o f f i c e r o v e r s i x f e e t s i x i n c h e s i n h e i g h t , i n a
u n i f o r m c a r r y i n g m a n y d e c o r a t i o n s . T h e o f f i c e r b e h i n d t h e d e s k
t h e n r e p o r t e d t o t h e C o l o n e l , " S i r , w e h a v e j u s t d i s c o v e r e d , a f t e r
c a r e f ul e x a m i n a t i o n , t h a t t h i s m a n i s h e r e w i t h o ut a s t a t u s ; a n d
h e i s n o w a p p l y i n g f o r a m i l i t a r y p e r m i t . "
T h e C o l o n e l w a s f e e l i n g h i s o w n s t a t u s a n d r a n k b y t h e n a n d
e x c l a i m e d t o m e : " D o y o u m e a n t o t e l l m e t h a t y o u d o n o t h a v e
a s t a t u s ? W e m u s t n o w d e t a i n y o u a n d t u r n y o u o v e r t o o u r
m i l i t a r y i n v e s t i g a t i o n d e p a r t m e n t f o r f u r t h e r i n v e s t i g a t i o n . We
w a n t t o f i n d o u t h o w y o u g o t i n t o J a p a n . "
I t h e n r e p l i e d t o h i m , " S i r , I r e c e i v e d a l e t t e r f r o m a f e l l o w
w h o i n v i t e d m e t o c o m e a n d s e e h i m . "
T h e C o l o n e l r e t o r t e d , a l m o s t i n a n i n s u l t i n g m a n n e r : " I f y o u
h a d a l e t t e r f r o m G e n e r a l W a l k e r , i t w o u l d n o t d o y o u a n y
good . P l e a s e c o m e w i t h m e . "
S o t h e n I s a i d : " J u s t a m i n u t e , b r o t h e r , d o n ' t b e s o a r r o g a n t .
L e t m e s h o w y o u t h e l e t t e r I r e c e i v e d . "
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H e w a s f e e l i n g h i s o a t s b y t h e n . H e r e p e a t e d t o m e t h a t t h e
l e t t e r I h a d w o u l d n ' t d o m e a n y g o o d . B e c a u s e o f h i s i m p e r i o u s
a t t i t u d e , I a n s w e r e d : " I d e m a n d y o u r r e s p e c t . I a m a n A m e r i c a n
c i t i z e n . I h e l p p a y y o u r s a l a r y a n d I d o n o t a p p r e c i a t e y o u r
d i c t a t o r i a l a t t i t u d e . Y o u c a n , a t l e a s t , e x t e n d m e t h e c o u r t e sy o f
h e a r i n g m y e x p l a n a t i o n . "
T h e n , w i t h s l o w d e l i b e r a t i o n , I t o o k o u t o f m y c a s e t h e
M a c A r t h u r l e t t e r , e n c a s e d i n a p l a s t i c f o l d e r , a n d h a n d e d i t t o
him . W i t h c o n t e m p t , t h e C o l o n e l t o o k i t . H e s t a r t e d r e a d i n g i t .
N e v e r d i d I s e e a m a n ' s e x p r e s s i o n a n d a t t i t u d e c h a n g e s o f a s t .
H e r e a d o n . T h e r e a c t i o n w a s a l m o s t m a g i c . H e s m i l e d a n d s a i d
t o t h e a u s t e r e M P s a n d L i e u t e n a n t s s t a n d i n g b y , " H e h a s a
l e t t e r f r o m G o d . "
H e t h e n h a n d e d t h e l e t t e r b a c k t o m e r e v e r e n t l y a n d a s k e d ,
" A r e y o u g o i n g t o s e e t h e G e n e r a l w h i l e y o u a r e h e r e ? "
I told him I was dining with the General and Mrs .
M a c A r t h u r t h e f o l l o w i n g d a y . H e t h e n s t a t e d t h a t m y l e t t e r w a s
t h e f i r s t p e r s o n a l l e t t e r h e h a d e v e r s e e n f r o m t h e G e n e r a l a n d
t h a t i t t o o k h i m c o m p l e t e l y b y s u r p r i s e .
W h e n I a s k e d t h e C o l o n e l w h e t h e r t h e G e n e r a l h a d e x c e e d e d
h i s a u t h o r i t y , h e s m i l e d a n d r e p l i e d , " H e i s o u r S u p r e m e C o m -
mander . H e h a s s p o k e n . "
T h e n I a s k e d a b o u t m y m i l i t a r y p e r m i t , h e t o l d m e : " Y o u
d o n ' t n e e d a p e r m i t . Y o u c a n g o a n y p l a c e y o u w i s h , o n l i m i t s
a n d o f f l i m i t s . " H e r e p e a t e d , " Y o u d o n o t n e e d a m i l i t a r y
p e r m i t . "
T h e C o l o n e l t h e n e x t e n d e d h i s h a n d ; w e s h o o k h a n d s a n d h e
t u r n e d a n d w e n t b a c k t o h i s o f f i c e . T h e o t h e r o f f i c e r s a n d M P s
s t a n d i n g b y s m i l e d a n d a s k e d i f t h e y m i g h t s e e t h e G e n e r a l ' s
l e t t e r , t h e n I d e p a r t e d w i t h o u t m y m i l i t a r y p e r m i t a n d , I m i g h t
a d d , w i t h o u t a s t a t u s .
I w a s p a s s i n g b y t h e D a i I c h i b u i l d i n g n e a r n o o n a n d , s e e i n g
s e v e r a l h u n d r e d p e o p l e n e a r t h e e n t r a n c e t o M a c A r t h u r ' s H e a d -
q u a r t e r s , I s t o p p e d a n d a s k e d a n A m e r i c a n s o l d i e r i n t h e c r o w d
what the demonstration was all about . H e r e p l i e d : " T h i s
h a p p e n s t w i c e a d a y , w h e n G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r i s d u e t o g o
h o m e f o r l u n c h a n d a g a i n a t t h e e n d o f t h e d a y . T h e y h a v e
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g r e a t r e v e r e n c e f o r h i m a n d c o n s i d e r i t a n h o n o r j u s t t o s e e
him . "
I s t o o d b y a n d w a i t e d a n d f e l t a s t h o u g h I w e r e p r i v i l e g e d t o
h a v e i n m y p o s s e s s i o n a l e t t e r f r o m t h e G e n e r a l h i m s e l f . A t
p r e c i s e l y 1 2 : 1 5 , t h e G e n e r a l a p p e a r e d w i t h C o l o n e l B u n k e r , h i s
A i d e a n d S e c r e t a r y , a n d , a s h e e n t e r e d h i s o l d b l a c k C a d i l l a c
s e d a n , w h i c h h a d a l i c e n s e w i t h f i v e s t a r s o n i t , t h e c r o w d a l l
clapped and most of them bowed . I t h e n w a l k e d b a c k t o m y
h o t e l , a s I w a s b e g i n n i n g t o f e e l t h e f a t i g u e t h a t c o m e s w i t h t h e
c h a n g e o f t i m e z o n e s a n d , h a v i n g b e e n u p a l l n i g h t , I d e c i d e d t o
g e t s o m e s l e e p . I h a d b e e n a w a k e f o r n e a r l y t h r i t y h o u r s a n d
d w e l l i n g o n m y a n t i c i p a t i o n o f m y m e e t i n g w i t h t h e G e n e r a l t h e
n e x t d a y a t l u n c h e on , I r e t u r n e d t o m y h o t e l , h a d a g o o d n a p ,
a n e a r l y d i n n e r a n d a g o o d n i g h t ' s s l e e p .
W i t h m i l i t a r y p r o m p t n e s s , C o l o n e l H u f f d r o v e u p t o t h e h o t e l
e n t r a n c e a t n o o n . S o o n w e w e r e d r i v i n g a c r o s s t h e c i t y p a s t t h e
E m p e r o r ' s P a l a c e m o a t s a n d g a r d e n s a n d t h e n u p t h e A m e r i c a n
E m b a s s y d r i v e w a y , w h e r e I h a d v i s i t e d s e v e r a l t i m e s i n e a r l i e r
y e a r s w i t h t h e g r a n d , d e a r , v e n e r a b l e A m b a s s a d o r J o s e p h G r e w ,
f i r s t i n 1 9 3 0 a n d t h e n i n 1 9 3 4 . N o w I w a s s o on t o m e e t t h e h e r o
o f m y l i f e .
J e a n M a c A r t h u r a n d l i t t l e A r t h u r g r e e t e d m e a t t h e e n t r a n c e .
W e t a l k e d a f e w m i n u t e s a n d I h a n d e d h e r t h e b o x o f S e e ' s
c h o c o l a t e s I h a d b e e n t o l d s h e l i k e d . S h e w a s m o s t p l e a s e d ; t h e n
s h e e x c l a i m e d , " H e r e c o m e s m y G e n e r a l . "
W e t h e n w a l k e d t o w a r d t h e d i n i n g r o o m . W h e n t h e G e n e r a l
e n t e r e d t h e E m b a s s y , h e h a d t h e s t r i d e o f a y o u n g c o l l e g e m a n
a s h e c a m e d o w n t h e l o n g c o r r i d o r t o g r e e t u s i n t h e d i n i n g
room . H i s k i n d l y g r e e t i n g w a s w o n d e r f u l a n d m o s t g r a c i o u s . H e
t h e n s a t d o w n a t t h e t a b l e a n d a t o n c e h e a s k e d m e a b o u t m y
f l i g h t . T h e n , w i t h a n a p p a r e n t g o o d a p p e t i t e , h e b e g a n t o e a t
a n d w e f o l l o w e d .
I t o l d t h e G e n e r a l o f m y e a r l y v i s i t s t o t h e E m b a s s y w h e n o u r
S e n i o r D i p l o m a t o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , J o s e p h G r e w , h e l d f o r t h .
T h e G e n e r a l t h e n t o o k u p t h e t h r e a d o f t h o u g h t a n d b e g a n
e x t o l l i n g t h e q u a l i t i e s o f A m b a s s a d o r G r e w , w h o , h e s a i d , h a d
d e m o n s t r a t e d h i s g r e a t v i s i o n a n d a b i l i t y i n s t a t e s m a n s h i p w h e n
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h e f r e q u e n t l y , i n 1 9 4 0 a n d 1 9 4 1 , w a r n e d P r e s i d e n t F r a n k l i n D .
R o o s e v e l t t h a t t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s ' e x i s t i n g p e r i l o u s p o l i c i e s w o u l d
i n e v i t a b l y l e a d t o w a r . T h e G e n e r a l t h e n s p o k e o f h i s d e e p
f e e l i n g t h a t A m e r i c a n p o l i c i e s a n d m i s t a k e s i n J a p a n h a d l e d u s
t o P e a r l H a r b o r a n d t h e n t o t h e d e b a c l e i n M a n i l a .
The General asked about my trip to Hong Kong and my
i n t e r n a t i o n a l l a w c a s e . I e x p l a i n e d t o h i m b r i e f l y t h e c a s e
i n v o l v i n g m y c l i e n t , a f o r m e r R o m a n i a n A m b a s s a d o r t o J a p a n ,
G e n e r a l G e o r g e B a g u l e s c o , w h o h a d m i r a c u l o u s l y s u r v i v e d a n
a t t e m p t e d a s s a s s i n a t i o n i n T o k y o i n 1 9 4 3 , w h i l e h e w a s t h e
a c c r e d i t e d R o m a n i a n E n v o y t o t h e J a p a n e s e g o v e r n m e n t .
T h e G e n e r a l w a s e x c e e d i n g l y i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e v i o l a t i o n o f m y
c l i e n t ' s d i p l o m a t i c r i g h t s a n d i m m u n i t i e s . B e f o r e t h e G e n e r a l
e x c u s e d h i m s e l f f r o m t h e t a b l e t o t a k e a n a p , h e a s k e d m e t o
c o m e t o h i s o f f i c e t h e f o l l o w i n g d a y a t 2 : 3 0 f o r a r e a l v i s i t . H e
said he was eager to hear more about my law case and my
mission to Hong Kong . H i s t h i r s t f o r k n o w l e d g e w a s f a b u l o u s
a n d h i s c o m p r e h e n s i o n t r e m e n d o u s .
T h e G e n e r a l t h e n d e p a r t e d a n d J e a n a n d l i t t l e A r t h u r , a n d
I s t r o l l e d o u t i n t o t h e E m b a s s y g a r d e n s t oa r e t r e a t n e a r t h e
s w a n p o n d a n d t h e r e w e w a t c h e d A r t h u r m a n e u v e r h i s r o w b o a t
f o r so m e t i m e . T h e E m b a s s y c o m p o u n d w a s a w e l l - k e p t g a r d e n
w i t h v e r y h i g h f l o w e r - c o v e r e d w a l l s a n d g a v e o n e a f e e l i n g o f
s a f e t y a n d r e m o t e n e s s f r o m t h e h e c t i c c i t y o u t s i d e .
I n t h e m i d d l e o f t h e a f t e r n o o n , w e s a w t h e G e n e r a l ' s c a r
d e p a r t i n g d o w n t h e d r i v e w a y , g o i n g b a c k t o h i s H e a d q u a r t e r s .
I n a s h o r t w h i l e , a m i l i t a r y c a r d r o v e m e f r o m t h e E m b a s s y b a c k
t o m y h o t e l . T h e r a v a g e s of w a r w e r e e v e r y w h e r e , a t o t a l , t r a g i c
s c e n e . W e a r y f r o m m y i n s p i r i n g l u n c h e o n , I h a d a n e a r l y d i n n e r .
T h e n , t o o , I w a s l i v i n g i n t h e a n t i c i p a t i o n o f t h e f o l l o w i n g
a f t e r n o o n w h e n I w a s t o m e e t t h e G e n e r a l a t h i s H e a d q u a r t e r s
i n t h e D a i I c h i b u i l d i n g .
T h e f o l l o w i n g d a y I w a l k e d o v e r a m i l e f r o m m y h o t e l t o t h e
D a i I c h i b u i l d i n g . I t w a s v e r y i m p r e s s i v e w h e n I a p p r o a c h e d t h e
b u i l d i n g a n d s a w t h e A m e r i c a n f l a g o v e r t h e e n t r a n c e . T h e
e n t r a n c e w a s g r a c e d n o t o n l y b y t h e A m e r i c a n f l a g , b u t t h e r e
a l s o s t o o d a t t h e e n t r a n c e t w o m a g n i f i c e n t u n i f o r m e d s i x f o o t
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s i x U n i t e d S t a t e s M a r i n e s , w h o w e r e i m m e d i a t e l y a l e r t e d a n d
s t o o d a t a t t e n t i o n a s I e n t e r e d t h e H e a d q u a r t e r s o f t h e S u p r e m e
Commander . I n s i d e t h e b u i l d i n g , I p r o c e e d e d t o a d e s k , w h e r e a
f i n e - l o o k i n g s o l d i e r s n a p p e d t o a t t e n t i o n a n d s a l u t e d , w h i c h
m a d e m e v e r y p r o u d i n d e e d o f b e i n g a n A m e r i c a n . T h e s o l d i e r
s t o o d b y a n A m e r i c a n f l a g . H e g r e e t e d m e a n d a s k e d m e t h e
p u r p o s e o f m y v i s i t a n d t o s e e m y c r e d e n t i a l s . N a t u r a l l y , m y
p r i n c i p a l c r e d e n t i a l w a s m y A m e r i c a n p a s s p o r t . I t h e n h a n d e d
h i m m y l e t t e r f r o m t h e G e n e r a l a n d i n f o r m e d h i m t h a t I h a d a
2 : 3 0 a p p o i n t m e n t t o s e e Ge n e r a l M a c A r t h u r p e r s o n a l l y .
A t o n c e t h i n g s b e g a n t o h a p p e n i n r a p i d s u c c e s s i o n . T h e
o f f i c e r i n c h a r g e t e l e p h o n e d t o t h e G e n e r a l ' s p r i v a t e S e c r e t a r y ,
C o l o n e l L a w r e n c e B u n k e r , a n d a f t e r t a l k i n g t o C o l o n e l B u n k e r
a n d i d e n t i f y i n g m y s e l f , h e a s k e d m e t o p l e a s e w a i t , t h a t s o o n
G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r ' s P e r s o n a l A i d e , C o l o n e l H u f f , w o u l d b e
d o w n t o g r e e t m e . A n d , i n a m a t t e r o f m i n u t e s , I w a s g r e e t e d
a g a i n b y C o l o n e l H u f f .
A t t h i s j u n c t u r e i n m y s t o r y , I w i s h t o d i g r e s s a n d t e l l
s o m e t h i n g a b o u t t h i s m a gn i f i c e n t , a f f a b l e a n d p e r s o n a b l e o f f i c e r
w h o h a d f i r s t g r e e t e d m e a t t h e a i r p o r t a n d a b o u t w h o m I w a s
t o l e a r n s o m u c h i n t h e d a y s t o c o m e . I m a y a s w e l l t e l l t h e f i r s t
p a r t o f h i s s t o r y n o w .
I n 1 9 3 5 , C o l o n e l H u f f , w h i l e s t a t i on e d i n M a n i l a , r e t i r e d a f t e r
t w e n t y y e a r s i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s N a v y . H e t h e n d e c i d e d t o
l i n g e r f o r a w h i l e i n t h e b a l m y , t r o p i c a l P h i l i p p i n e s . N o t l o n g
a f t e r h i s r e t i r e m e n t , a s h e w a s p l a y i n g g o l f o n e d a y , o u t o n t h e
g r e e n h e m e t G e n e r a l D o u g l a s M a c A r t h u r a t o n e o f t h e f a i r -
ways . S o o n a n e w , w a r m r e l a t i o n s h i p w a s e s t a b l i s h e d a n d , w h e n
t h e G e n e r a l l e a r n e d o f h i s r e c e n t r e t i r e m e n t , h e p r o p o s e d t o
S i d n e y H u f f t h a t , s i n c e h e n o w h a d s o m e t i m e o n h i s h a n d s , h e
w o u l d l i k e t o h a v e h i m b e c o m e h i s P e r s o n a l A i d e . T h e r e a f t e r ,
t h e l i v e s o f t h o s e t w o m e n w e r e a l m o s t i n s e p a r a b l e a n d w e r e t o
b e i n t e r w o v e n f o r o v e r f i f t e e n y e a r s .
A t t h a t t i m e , t h e G e n e r a l w a s a b o u t t o s t a r t b u i l d i n g t h e
d e f e n s e s o f t h e P h i l i p p i n e s . H e h a d o r d e r e d a f l e e t o f P T b o a t s .
T h i s p l a n f a s c i n a t e d C o l o n e l H u f f b e c a u s e o f h i s l o n g n a v a l
c a r e e r .
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W h e n t h e a t t a c k t o o k p l a c e i n 1 9 4 1 , f i r s t o n P e a r l H a r b o r
a n d t h e n o n M a n i l a B a y , S i d n e y H u f f s a i d t h i n g s h a p p e n e d f a s t .
I t w a s n e c e s s a r y a t o n c e f o r t h e G e n e r a l , J e a n , l i t t l e A r t h u r , h i s
n u r s e A u C h e u a n d S i d n e y H u f f t o e s c a p e , f i r s t t o B a t a a n w i t h
t h e a r m y a n d t h e n t o t h e l i t t l e i s l a n d o f C o r r e g i d o r i n M a n i l a
Bay . I n t h e s u c c e e d i n g d a y s , p l a n s w e r e m a d e f o r t h e G e n e r a l
a n d h i s f a m i l y t o e s c a p e f r o m C o r r e g i d o r .
F o u r P T b o a t s w e r e s e l e c t e d t o m a k e t h e h a z a r d o u s e s c a p e
r u n . T h e b o a t s h a d t o b e f i t t e d o u t w i t h s u p p l i e s , a n d d r u m s o f
f u e l o i l w e r e l a s h e d t o t h e s i d e s o f e a c h b o a t f o r t h e i r l o n g t r i p
s o u t h . A l l t h e w h i l e , e n e m y p l a n e s c i r c l e d o v e r C o r r e g i d o r n i g h t
a n d d a y , s o p r e p a r a t i o n s c o u l d b e u n d e r t a k e n o n l y a f t e r d a r k .
T h e d e c i s i o n w a s t h e n m a d e t h a t G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r , J e a n ,
l i t t l e A r t h u r , A u C h e u , S i d a n d t h e P T b o a t c a p t a i n J o h n
B u l k e l e y a n d h i s c r e w w o u l d o c c u p y t h e f i r s t l e a d P T b o a t a n d
t h e t h r e e o t h e r s w o u l d f o l l o w c l o s e l y . I t w a s a l s o d e c i d e d , a f t e r
s o l e m n c o n f e r e n c e , t h a t G e n e r a l J o n a t h a n W a i n w r i g h t w o u l d
r e m a i n b e h i n d i n f u l l c o m m a n d o f C o r r e g i d o r a n d t h e t r o o p s , t o
a w a i t d e v e l o p m e n t s .
T h e z e r o h o u r f o r d e p a r t u r e a r r i v e d . T h e n , w h e n t o t a l d a r k -
n e s s e n v e l o p e d t h e r o c k , a d r a m a t i c f a r e w e l l t o o k p l a c e , S i d n e y
H u f f s a i d , b e t w e e n G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r a n d G e n e r a l W a i n w r i g h t- They embraced .
T h e l e a d b o a t t h e n r o a r e d f u l l s p e e d a h e a d o u t o f M a n i l a B a y
i n a s o u t h e r l y d i r e c t i o n , w i t h t h e t h r e e o t h e r b o a t s f o l l o w i n g .
S o o n t h e J a p a n e s e p l a n e s r o a r e d o v e r h e a d , l o o k i n g f o r e n e m y
p l a n e s , n o t s u s p e c t i n g t h a t t h e e n g i n e n o i s e s t h e y h e a r d w e r e
c o m i n g f r o m t h e s p e e d i n g P T b o a t s .
S i d n e y H u f f l a t e r r e c o u n t e d t h a t t h e s us p e n s e a n d o r d e a l o f
t h e t r i p w a s h e l l . T h e G e n e r a l w a s a l w a y s p r o n e t o e x t r e m e
s e a s i c k n e s s ; J e a n , S i d n e y a n d A u C h e u h a d t h e i r h a n d s f u l l . A t
t h e e n d o f e a c h n i g h t , a s d a w n w a s a b o u t t o b r e a k , t h e i r P T
b o a t s h e a d e d f o r c o v e r i n s o m e s m a l l i s l a n d a m o n g t h e p a l m s
a n d t r e e s u n t i l n i g h t f a l l a r r i v e d a g a i n . S i d s a i d h i s n a v y e x p e r i -
e n c e w a s u s e d ho u r l y f o r t h a t hi s t o r i c e s c a p e . T h e y w e r e a b l e t o
s e n d m e s s a g e s o n t h e i r s m a l l t r a n s m i t t e r a l l t h e w h i l e J a p a n e s e
p l a n e s w e r e h e a r d o v e r h e a d o n r e c o n n a i s s a n c e .
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A f t e r m a n y d a y s , t h e y r e a c h e d t h e s h e l t e r o f a s m a l l i s l a n d
a n d s e n t m e s s a g e s t o t h e U . S . Navy and Air Force C ommand .
A f t e r h o u r s o f w a i t i n g , t h e y h e a r d a p l a n e o v e r h e a d . I t w a s
h e a r d f i r s t , t h e n s e e n a n d i t p r o v e d t o b e o n e o f o u r p l a n e s .
S i g n a l s w e r e s e n t u p a n d t h e y m a d e c o n t a c t w i t h t h e p l a n e . N o t
l o n g a f t e r , t h e N a v y p l a n e s a n d t h e A i r F o r c e p l a n e s c o n v e r g e d
a n d c i r c l e d t h e i s l a n d . S o o n a n a m p h i b i o u s p l a n e a r r i v e d ,
c i r c l e d t h e i s l a n d a n d t h e n l a n d e d i n a s m a l l l a g o o n n e a r b y .
T h e r e u n i o n w a s a n u n f o r g e t t a b l e e x p e r i e n c e , e v e r y o n e t h a n k -
i n g t h e d e a r L o r d f o r t h e i r d e l i v e r a n c e . T h e y w e r e t h e n f l o w n t o
A u s t r a l i a .
W h e n t h e y l a n d e d i n M e l b o u r n e , t h e n e w s w a s b r o a d c a s t t o
t h e w o r l d t h a t G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r , h i s f a m i l y a n d p a r t y h a d
s u c c e s s f ul l y e s c a p e d a t n i g h t b y P T b o a t s f r o m C o r r e g i d o r a n d
h a d b e e n r e s c u e d o n a s m a l l S o u t h P a c i f i c i s l a n d b y t h e N a v y
a n d t h e A i r F o r c e a n d h a d n o w a r r i v e d i n A u s t r a l i a , w h e r e t h e
G e n e r a l w o u l d t a k e c o m m a n d o f a l l t h e A l l i e d F o r c e s .
H i s t o r y h a s f u l l y r e c o r d e d M a c A r t h u r ' s m a g n i f i c e n t , i n -
g e n i o u s i s l a n d - h o p p i n g s t r a t e g y , b y p a s s i n g i n n u m e r a b l e S o u t h
P a c i f i c i s l a n d s t o r e t a k e t h e P h i l i p p i n e s . M a c A r t h u r a r r i v e d
b a c k i n M a n i l a i n 1 9 4 4 . T h e n , i n t h e s u m m e r o f 1 9 4 5 , t h e
b o m b s w e r e d r o p p e d o v e r H i r o s h i m a a n d N a g a s a k i , f o l l o w e d
s w i f t l y b y t h e J a p a n e s e s u r r e n d e r . T h e U n i t e d N a t i o n s t h e n
appointed General Douglas MacArthur as the Supreme Com-
m a n d e r f o r t h e A l l i e d P o w e r s t o a d m i n i s t e r J a p a n f o r i t s
r e s t o r a t i o n a n d r e t u r n t o c i v i l i a n c o n t r o l .
C o l o n e l H u f f h a d p l a y e d a n i m p o r t a n t r o l e d u r i n g t h e P a c i f i c
War a s p e r s o n a l a i d e t o G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r , a n d n o w h e w a s i n
T o k y o f o r t h e G e n e r a l ' s i m p o r t a n t t a s k i n a d m i n i s t e r i n g t h e
r e c o v e r y o f J a p a n .
W e r e t u r n n o w t o t h e D a i I c h i b u i l d i n g i n T o k y o .
C o l o n e l H u f f , u p o n h i s a r r i v a l i n t h e r e c e p t i o n r o o m d o w n -
s t a i r s , e s c o r t e d m e t o t h e f i f t h f l o o r , w h e r e I w a s f i r s t i n t r o d u c e d
t o t h e Ge n e r a l ' s p r i v a t e s e c r e t a r y , C o l o n e l L a w r e n c e B u n k e r ,
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a g r a c i o u s N e w E n g l a n d g e n t l e m a n , w h o t h e n , i n t u r n , t o o k m e
t o t h e o f f i c e o f G e n e r a l C o u r t n e y W h i t n e y , w h e r e I h a d a b r i e f
v i s i t . T h e n h e , i n t u r n , e s c o r t e d m e i n t o t h e l a r g e i m p r e s s i v e
p r i v a t e o f f i c e o f G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r , w h i c h c o n t a i n e d m a n y o f
t h e G e n e r a l ' s f a b u l o u s m e m o r a b i l i a o f a l i f e t i m e .
T h e G e n e r a l t h a n k e d m e f o r c o m i n g t o s e e h i m a n d t h e n f o r
t h e n e x t f o u r h o u r s , u n t i l a l m o s t d u s k , I e n j o y e d t h e r e a l
p r i v i l e g e o f v i s i t i n g o n e o f t h e g r e a t m i n d s a n d s o u l s o f a l l t i m e .
T a l k a b o u t b e i n g i n s p i r e d - i t w a s a n u n f o r g e t t a b l e v i s i t .
I had never been in the military service and I had no
c o m p l e x e s a b o u t r a n k , s o t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n w a s n o t i n h i b i t e d .
T o b e i n G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r ' s p r e s e n c e a n d h e a r h i s c o n v e r s a -
t i o n , p h i l i s o p h i c a l a n d i n t e l l e c t u a l , w a s a n i n s p i r a t i o n a l f e a s t .
I o n l y w i s h i t c o u l d h a v e b e e n r e c o r d e d . T h e G e n e r a l h a d a v e r y
r e l a x i n g h a b i t o f f i r s t s i t t i n g i n h i s c h a i r a n d t h e n s t r i d i n g b a c k
a n d f o r t h t h e l e n g t h o f h i s h u g e o f f i c e . I s a t w h e n h e d i d a n d I
w a l k e d b a c k a n d f o r t h a s h e d i d .
I s h a l l d w e l l o n o n l y a f e w o f t h e t h o u g ht s t h a t w e r e d i s -
c u s s e d . A s t h e G e n e r a l p r e v i o u s l y i n d i c a t e d t o m e a t l u n c h e o n ,
he was intrigued by and asked me more about my pending
i n t e r n a t i o n a l l a w c a s e , t h a t o f t h e R o m a n i a n A m b a s s a d o r w h o
h a d b e e n t h e v i c t i m o f a n a t t e m p t o n h i s l i f e i n T o k y o d u r i n g
the war. I w i l l n o t g o i n t o f u r t h e r d e t a i l s , e x c e p t t o s a y t h e
G e n e r a l ' s g r a s p o f h i s t o r y a n d h i s k n o w l e d g e a n d i n t e r e s t i n t h e
f a c t s w a s a s t o u n d i n g .
D u r i n g o u r d i s c us s i o n a b o u t i n t e r n a t i o n a l l a w , t h e G e n e r a l
t o l d m e t h a t t h e l a w h a d a l w a y s i n t r i g u e d a n d f a s c i n a t e d h i m
a n d t h a t , i f h e h a d h i s o w n l i f e t o l i v e o v e r a g a i n a n d i t w a s n ' t a
q u e s t i o n o f p l e a s i n g h i s f a t h e r , h e w o u l d h a v e p u r s u e d t h e l a w .
" W h e n a m a n h a n g s u p h i s s h i n g l e , " h e s a i d , " h e i s a f r e e m a n ;
h e i s o n h i s o w n a n d c a n p u r s u e h i s o w n d e s t i n y u n f e t t e r e d . "
I c o u l d s e n s e a b i t o f s a d n e s s i n t h i s s t a t e m e n t .
T h e G e n e r a l t h e n s t a t e d t h a t , w h e n h e r e c e i v e d m y l e t t e r
r e q u e s t i n g p e r m i s s i o n t o e n t e r h i s t h e a t r e o f o p e r a t i o n s , i t
brought b ack to him some wonderful memories of his own
f a t h e r . H e t o l d m e h o w h i s f a t h e r , G e n e r a l A r t h u r M a c A r t h u r ,
b a c k a b o u t 1 8 8 0 , h a d a l e g a l p r o b l e m i n N e w Y o r k a n d h a d
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g o n e t o t h e o f f i c e o f J o s e p h H . C h o a t e f o r l e ga l a d v i c e . H i s
f a t h e r s o o n r e a l i z e d t h a t h e w a s i n t h e b e s t o f h a n d s , i n t h e
o f f i c e o f a b r i l l i a n t l a w y e r . C h o a t e s o o n r e s o l v e d t h e p r o b l e m
a n d t h e r e a f t e r h i s F a t h e r a n d C h o a t e c o n t i n u e d t h e i r f r i e n d s h i p
a n d s a w o n e a n o t h e r f o r m t i m e t o t i m e . T h e G e n e r a l s a i d t h a t ,
w h e n m y l e t t e r a r r i v e d , h e a t o n c e l o o k e d f o r w a r d t o m e e t i n g
a n o t h e r m e m b e r o f t h e C h o a t e c l a n , b e c a u s e I r e p r e s e n t e d
a n o t h e r g e n e r a t i o n o f t h e C h o a t e s . I t o l d t h e G e n e r a l t h a t , w i t h
h i s h i g h p r i n c i p l e s a n d k e e n m i n d , h e w o u l d h a v e a d d e d m u c h
t o t h e q u a l i t y , s t a t u r e , p r e s t i g e a n d m a g n i f i c e n c e o f t h e
A m e r i c a n b a r .
T h e G e n e r a l t h e n s p o k e o f s o m e o f t h e p r o b l e m s h e h a d i n
J a p a n , w h i c h w e r e m a n y a n d a r o s e a l m o s t h o u r l y d u r i n g t h e
o c c u p a t i o n . H e s a i d t h a t o n e o f t h e c o n s t a n t p r o b l e m s w i t h
w h i c h h e w a s c o n f r o n t e d w a s t h e p r o b l e m o f k e e p i n g s u b v e r s i v e
i n f l u e n c e s a n d u n d e s i r a b l e v i s i t o r s o u t o f h i s t he a t r e o f o p e r a -
t i o n s . H e w a s a l m o s t c o n s t a n t l y d e l u g e d w i t h r e q u e s t s f r o m
W a s h i n g t o n a n d e l s e w h e r e f o r p e r m i s s i o n t o v i s i t J a p a n b y
p e o p l e , m a n y o f w h o m w e r e s u b v e r s i v e s , w i s h i n g t o c o m e o n a l l
m a n n e r o f p r e t e x t s . A l l o f t h o s e s e e k i n g p e r m i s s i o n w e r e f i r s t
c a r e f u l l y i n v e s t i g a t e d a n d , a f t e r i n v e s t i g a t i o n , m a n y w e r e r e -
f u s e d . M a n y r e q u e s t s w e r e a l s o r e c e i v e d f r o m o t h e r p a r t s o f t h e
w o r l d a n d t h e C o m m u n i s t s w e r e e s p e c i a l l y p e r s i s t e n t b e c a u s e
t h e y h a d a f o o t h o l d i n t h e F a r E a s t r e s u l t i n g f r o m t h e p o l i c i e s o f
P r e s i d e n t R o o s e v e l t a n d T r u m a n d u r i n g t h e w a r , r e f l e c t e d f i r s t
i n Y a l t a a n d T e h e r a n b y R o o s e v e l t ' s a g r e e m e n t s w i t h S t a l i n a n d
t h e n a t P o t s d a m b y T r u m a n ' s a g r e e m e n t w i t h S t a l i n .
T h e G e n e r a l t h e n r e l a t e d a n i n c i d e n t t h a t h a d t a k e n p l a c e
d u r i n g t h e o c c u p a t i on , I d o n o t r e c a l l h i s w o r d s p r e c i s e l y b u t , i n
e s se n c e , t h e y w e re a s f o l l ow s :
The Soviet Ambassador had requested an appointment to
d i s c u s s so m e p r o b l e m t h a t h a d a r i s e n i n J a p a n . A t t h e c o n f e r -
e n c e , a m o n g o t h e r t h i n g s , t h e S o v i e t A m b a s s a d o r r e v e a l e d t o
t h e G e n e r a l t h a t h i s g o v e r n m e n t w a s c o n s i d e r i n g p l a c i n g s o m e
S o v i e t t r o o p s o n o n e o f t h e i s l a n d s n o r t h o f J a p a n . T h e G e n e r a l
q u i c k l y r e p l i e d , " I f t h e S o v i e t s a t t e m p t t o p l a c e a n y t r o o p s o n
t h o s e i sl a n d s , I w i l l t h r o w s e v e n t e e n d i v i s i o n s i n t h a t a r e a , I ' l l
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d e c i m a t e e v e r y S o v i e t s o l d i e r o n t h e i s l a n d a n d I w i l l t h e n t h r o w
y o u i n j a i l . "
After a long pause, the Ambassador replied, "General,
I b e l i e v e y o u w o u l d , " w h i c h r e m a r k e n d e d a l l f u r t h e r r e f e r e n c e
t o t h o s e i s l a n d s .
I s p o k e o f t h e d i s l o y a l t y t h a t e x i s t e d a t h o m e a n d t o l d h i m
t h a t , i n m y o p i n i o n , t h e g r a v e q u e s t i o n o f o u r n a t i o n w a s
d i s l o y a l t y a n d s u b v e r s i o n , t h a t s u b v e r s i v e i n f l u e n c e s w e r e e v e r y -
w h e r e , i n c l u d i n g i n o u r h i g h e s t g o v e r n m e n t p o s i t i o n s , t o w h i c h
h e r e p l i e d , "T h a t I k n o w a l l t o o w e l l ; h o w r i g h t y o u a r e . "
H e t h e n t o l d m e , t o i l l u s t r a t e t h e f a r - r e a c h i n g s u b v e r s i v e
i n f l u e n c e s t h a t h a d e n t e r e d o u r g o v e r n m e n t , t h a t , w h e n h e
d i s p a t c h e d c l a s s i f i e d m e s s a g e s t o t h e P e n t a g o n , t h o s e m e s s a g e s
w e r e i n t e r c e p t e d b y t h e S o v i e t s a n d w e r e k n o w n i n M o s c o w
b e f o r e t h e y e v e n r e a c h e d W a s h i n g t o n .
A t t h a t j u n c t u r e I s a i d t h a t i t w a s m y p e r s o n a l o p i n i o n a n d
t h e o p i n i o n o f m a n y d e d i c a t e d , l o y a l A m e r i c a n s t h a t o u r c o n d i -
t i o n a t h o m e w a s b e c o m i n g p e r i l o u s , t h a t d i s t r u s t w a s n a t i o n a l
a n d r a m p a n t t h r o u g ho u t t h e c o u n t r y , t h a t p e o p l e w e r e l o s i n g
f a i t h i n o u r l e a d e r s h i p , a n d t h a t m a n y h o p e d t h a t h e w o u l d
r e t u r n s o o n a n d h e l p r e d e e m o u r c o u n t r y ' s f a i t h i n i t s l e a d e r -
s h i p . I f u r t he r t o l d t h e G e n e r a l t h a t h e h a d b e e n a w a y f o r y e a r s
s o h e c o u l d n o t b e f u l l y a w a r e o f o u r p e r i l s a t h o m e , b u t h i s
l e a d e r s h i p w a s g r e a t l y n e e d e d . H e t h e n s t a t e d t h a t h e k n e w
e x a c t l y w h a t I m e a n t . I a d d e d t h a t m a n y d e d i c a t e d m e n a c r o s s
the nation had already started a grass roots crusade of
M a c A r t h u r f o r P r e s i d e n t a n d t h a t I w a s a p a r t o f t h e C a l i f o r n i a
c a m p a i g n o r g a n i z a t i o n . H e s a i d t h a t h e k n e w o f i t .
I s p o k e t o t h e G e n e r a l o f t h e d e s p e r a t i o n o f t h e A m e r i c a n
p e o p l e f o r l e a d e r s h i p t h a t t h e y c o u l d a d m i r e a n d t r u s t , b e c a u s e
W a s h i n g t o n w a s i n a v e r y , v e r y c r i t i c a l c o n d i t i o n . T h e G e n e r a l
t h e n d i sc u s se d l e a d e r s hi p p h i l os o p hi c a l l y ; h i s w o r d s w e r e m a g n i -
f i c e n t . T h e y w e r e e l o q u e n t ; t h e y w e r e p r o f o u n d . You would
h a v e t h o u g h t t h a t a n o r a c l e w a s s p e a k i n g . H e s p o k e w i t h d e e p
f e e l i n g . H e s a i d t h e r e s p o n s i bi l i t y o f m i l i t a r y l e a d e r s h i p i s t r e -
mendous .
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A t t h a t m o m e n t h e s i g n a l e d f o r C o l o n e l B u n k e r a n d a s k e d
h i m t o b r i n g i n f r o m h i s p e r s o n a l p o r t f o l i o t h e s p e e c h o f a
R o m a n Ge n e r a l r e g a r d i n g m i l i t a r y c r i t i c s . C o l o n e l B u n k e r r e -
t u r n e d i n a f e w m o m e n t s a n d h a n d e d t h e G e n e r a l t h a t s p e e c h ,
w h i c h h e t h e n r e a d t o m e . I t s w o r d s w e r e :
A ROMAN GENERAL'S OPINIONOF "MILIT ARY CRITIC S"
"Lucius Aemilius Paulus, a Roman Consul, who had been
s e l e c t e d t o c o n d u c t t h e w a r w i t h t h e M a c e d o n i a n s , B . C . 1 6 8 ,
w e n t o u t f r o m t h e S e n a t e - h o u s e i n t o t h e a s s e m b l y o f t h e p e o p l e
a n d a d d r e s s e d t h e m a s f o l l o w s :
" ` I n e v e r y c i r c l e , a n d , t r u l y , a t e v e r y t a b l e , t h e r e a r e p e o p l e
w h o l e a d a r m i e s i n t o M a c e d o n i a ; who know where the camp
o u g h t t o b e p l a c e d ; w h a t p o s t s o u g h t t o b e o c c u p i e d b y t r o o p s ;
w h e n a n d t h r o u g h w h a t p a s s t h a t t e r r i t o r y s h o u l d b e e n t e r e d ;
w h e r e m a g a z i n e s s h o u l d b e f o r m e d ; h o w p r o v i s i o n s s h o u l d b e
c o n v e y e d b y l a n d a n d s e a ; a n d w h e n i t i s p r o p e r t o e n g a g e t h e
e n e m y , w h e n t o l i e q u i e t . A n d t h e y n o t o n l y d e t e r m i n e d w h a t i s
b e s t t o b e d o n e , b u t i f a n y t h i n g i s d o n e i n a n y o t h e r m a n n e r
t h a n w h a t t h e y h a v e p o i n t e d o u t , t h e y a r r a i g n t h e c o n s u l , a s i f
h e w e r e on t r i a l b e f o r e t h e m . T h e s e a r e g r e a t i m p e d i m e n t s t o
t h o s e w h o h a v e t h e m a n a g e m e n t o f a f f a i r s ; f o r e v e r y o n e c a n n o t
e n c o u n t e r i n j u r i o u s r e p o r t s w i t h t he s a m e c o n s t a n c y a n d f i r m -
n e s s o f m i n d a s F a b i u s d i d , w h o c h o s e t o l e t h i s o w n a b i l i t y b e
q u e s t i o n e d t h r o u g h t h e f o l l y o f t h e p e o p l e , r a t h e r t h a n t o
m i s m a n a g e t h e p u b l i c b u s i n e s s w i t h a h i g h r e p u t a t i o n . I a m n o t
o n e o f t h o s e w h o t h i n k t h a t c o m m a n d e r s o u g h t a t n o t i m e t o
r e c e i v e a d v i c e ; o n t h e c o n t r a r y , I s h o u l d d e e m t h a t m a n m o r e
p r o u d t h a n w i s e , w h o r e g u l a t e d e v e r y p r o c e e d i n g b y t h e s t a n -
d a r d o f h i s o w n s i n g l e j u d g m e n t . W h a t t h e n i s m y o p i n i o n ? T h a t
c o m m a n d e r s s h o u l d b e c o u n s e l l e d , c h i e f l y , b y p e r s o n s o f k n o w n
t a l e n t; b y t h o s e w h o ha v e m a d e t h e a r t o f w a r t h e i r p a r t i c u l a r
s t u d y , a n d w h o s e k n o w l e d g e i s d e r i v e d f r o m e x p e r i e n c e ; f r o m
t h o s e w h o a r e p r e s e n t a t t h e s c e n e o f a c t i o n , w h o s e e t h e
c o u n t r y , w h o s e e t h e e n e m y ; w h o s e e t h e a d v a n t a g e s t h a t o c c a -
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s i o n s o f f e r , a n d w h o , l i k e p e o p l e e m b a r k e d i n t h e s a m e s h i p , a r e
s h a r e r s o f t h e d a n g e r . I f , t h e r e fo r e , a n y on e t h i n k s h i ms e l f
q u a l i f i e d t o g i v e a d v i c e r e s p e c t i n g t h e w a r w h i c h I a m t o
c o n d u c t , w h i c h m a y p r o v e a d v a n t a g e o u s t o t h e p u b l i c , l e t h i m
n o t r e f u s e h i s a s s i s t a n c e t o t h e s t a t e , b u t l e t h i m c o m e w i t h m e
i n t o M a c e d o n i a . H e s h a l l b e f u r n i s h e d w i t h a s h i p , a h o r s e , a
t e n t ; e v e n h i s t r a v e l l i n g c h a r g e s s h a l l b e d e f r a y e d . B u t i f h e
t h i n k s t h i s t o o m u c h t r o u b l e , a n d p r e f e r s t h e r e p o s e o f a c i t y l i f e
t o t h e t o i l s o f w a r , l e t h i m n o t , o n l a n d , a s s u m e t h e o f f i c e o f a
p i l o t . T h e c i t y , i n i t s e l f , f u r n i s h e s a b u n d a n c e o f t o p i c s fo r
c o n v e r s a t i o n ; l e t i t c o n f i n e i t s p a s s i o n f o r t a l k i n g w i t h i n i t s o w n
p r e c i n c t s , a n d r e s t a s s u r e d t h a t w e s h a l l p a y n o a t t e n t i o n t o a n y
c o u n c i l s b u t s u c h a s s h a l l b e f r a m e d w i t h i n o u r c a m p . " '
T h e G e n e r a l s i g n e d a p h o t o c o p y o f t h i s m a n g i f i c e n t s p e e c h
( f r o m L i v y [ T i t u s L i v i u s , b o r n 5 9 B . C . , died A .D . 1 7 ] ,
History of Rome, Vol . 7 , Book X V I V , C h a p t e r 2 2 , t r a n s -
l a t e d b y G e o r g e B a k e r ) a n d p r e s e n t e d i t t o m e .
T h e n h e s t o o d u p a n d s t a r t e d t o w a l k b a c k a n d f o r t h . H e
c a m e t o t h e w i n d o w a n d I j o i n e d h i m . W e s a w a l a r g e c r o w d o f
p e o p l e g a t h e r e d b e l o w . W e d i d n o t k n o w w h a t t h e d e m o n s t r a -
t i o n w a s a l l a b o u t , b u t t h e G e n e r a l t h e n t o l d m e a s t o r y a b o u t
t h e p o p u l a r i t y o f l e a d e r s w i t h t h e p o p u l a c e .
He said, history records that, on one occasion when
N a p o l e o n ' s f a m e w a s a t i t s h e i g h t , h e w a s t o a p p e a r a t a g i v e n
t i m e o n t h e p or t i c o of t h e P a l a c e o f V e r s a i l l e s . T h e p e o p l e w e r e
g a t h e r i n g i n t h r o n g s t h r o u g h ou t t h e g a r d e n s , a m i l l i o n p e o p l e
e a g e r t o s e e t h e i r G e n e r a l N a p o l e o n . A t t h i s t i m e , C o u n t
M o n t h e l e o n , h i s a i d e , e x l a i m e d t o N a p o l e o n : " T h e p e o p l e a r e
c h e e r i n g ; t h e y a r e e a g e r t o s e e y o u , w a i t i n g f o r y o u r a p p e a r a n c e .
I s n ' t i t w o n d e r f u l ? " W h e r e u p o n N a p o l e o n r e p l i e d , " Y e s , i t ' s
w o n d e r f u l a n d y o u a p p r e c i a t e i t , b u t y o u m u s t r e m e m b e r t h a t , i f
t h e p o l i t i c a l t i d e c h a n g e d a n d t h e t e m p e r o f t h e p e o p l e c h a n g e d ,
t h e y w o u l d c l a m o r j u s t a s l o u d a n d c h e e r j u s t a s l o u d l y i f I w e r e
g o i n g t o t h e g u i l l o t i n e . "
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General MacArthur added, "We live in a very emotional
w o r l d a n d l e a d e r s h i p i s a t r e m e n d o u s t r u s t a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t y . "
T h e G e n e r a l t h e n c h a n g e d t h e s u b j e c t a n d w i s h e d a g a i n t o
k n o w m o r e a b o u t t h e f a c t s o f m y l a w c a s e . F o r o v e r a n h o u r ,
I r e l a t e d a n d d e s c r i b e d h o w m y c l i e n t ' s d i p l o m a t i c p r i v i l e g e s ,
r i g h t s a n d i m m u n i t i e s h a d b e e n f l a g r a n t l y v i o l a t e d b y t h e b r u t a l
a t t a c k o n h i s l i f e i n T o k y o , a n d t h a t a G e r m a n p h y s i c i a n i n
Tokyo, Dr . Wittenberg, had been called to the Romanian
a t t a c h e ' s o f f i c e t o e x a m i n e G e n e r a l B a g u l e s c o , w h o w a s t h o u g h t
t o b e d e a d . W h i l e t h e J a p a n e s e g o v e r n m e n t w a s w a i t i n g f o r
i n s t r u c t i o n s f r o m B u c h a r e s t a s t o t h e d i s p o s i t i o n o f t h e A m b a s s a -
d o r ' s b o d y , a r e p l y t h a t t o o k m o r e t h a n f i v e d a y s b e c a u s e o f w a r
c o n d i t i o n s , G e n e r a l B a g u l e s c o m i r a c u l o u s l y r e g a i n e d c o n s c i o u s -
n e s s a n d r a l l i e d s u f f i c i e n t l y t o g o e v e n t u a l l y t o F r a n c e , a s a
f o r e i g n d i p l o m a t i n e x i l e . I s a i d t h a t m y c l i e n t h a d b e e n u r g i n g
me for months to go to Hong Kong to see that German
p h y s i c i a n w h o w a s l i v i n g t h e r e i n r e t i r e m e n t . T h e r e f o r e , I e x -
p l a i n e d , I w a s e n r o u t e t o H o n g K o n g t o s e e D r . W i t t e n b e r g .
S e v e r a l t i m e s d u r i n g t h e a f t e r n o o n , C o l o n e l B u n k e r e n t e r e d
t h e r o o m t o r e p o r t t o o r c o n v e r s e w i t h t h e G e n e r a l . L a t e i n t h e
a f t e r n o o n , I b a d e t h e G e n e r a l g o o d - b y e , e x p r e s s i n g t o h i m m y
d e e p g r a t i t u d e f o r h i s i n s p i r i n g h o s p i t a l i t y .
I t o l d h i m t h a t , b e f o r e l e a v i n g f o r H o n g K o n g , I w a s g o i n g t o
t h e b e a u t i f u l F u j i y a H o t e l a t M i y a n o s h i t a f o r a f e w d a y s t o g e t
some much-need rest . The General replied that Mrs .
M a c A r t h u r a n d y o u n g A r t h u r f r e q u e n t l y v i s i t e d M i y a n o s h i t a
f o r t h e i r h o l i d a y s , b u t t h a t h e h a d n e v e r t a k e n t i m e o u t t o v i s i t
t h e F u j i y a H o t e l , b e c a u s e d a i l y p r o b l e m s w e r e s o p r e s s i n g ,
a l t h o u g h J e a n a n d A r t h u r e n j o y e d i t i m m e n s e l y .
T h e G e n e r a l w a s t h e n k i n d e n o u g h t o g i v e m e a n a u t o g r a p h e d
p h o t o g r a p h . I t h a n k e d h i m a n d , o n l e a v i n g , C o l o n e l B u n k e r
a l s o b a d e m e " s a y o n a r a . " C o l o n e l H u f f e s c o r t e d m e t o h i s c a r
a n d d r o v e m e b a c k t o t h e T o k y o H o t e l . E n r o u t e , C o l o n e l H u f f
u r g e d m e t o c a l l h i m u p o n m y r e t u r n f r o m M i y a n o s h i t a ; h e a n d
h i s w i f e , K e i r a , a n d C o l o n e l B u n k e r w o u l d l i k e t o h a v e m e c o m e
t o e n j o y a f a r e w e l l d i n n e r . C o l o n e l B u n k e r a n d C o l o n e l H u f f
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h a d b e a u t i f u l a p a r t m e n t s i n t h e E m b a s s y c o m p o u n d , a b o u t t w o
h u n d r e d f e e t f r o m t h e G e n e r a l ' s p r i v a t e r e s i d e n c e .
I w e n t d o w n t o M i y a n o s h i t a a n d e n j o y e d a p l e a s a n t , r e s t f u l
t i m e . On my return to T okyo, Colonel Huff and Keira and
Colonel Bunker gave me a wonderful sayonara dinner . T h e y ,
too, wanted to know about my case in Hong Kong and I gave
t h e m i t s hi g h p o i n ts . A t t h a t d i n n e r , w e h a d s o m e o f t h e f a m o u s
J a p a n e s e K o b e b e e f , w h i c h i s s o t e n d e r t h a t o n e m a y c u t i t w i t h
a f o r k . W e a l s o h a d s a k e a n d e v e r y t h i n g t ha t g o e s w i t h i t . I t w a s
a l m o s t m i d n i g h t b e f o r e I r e t u r n e d t o t h e h o t e l .
T h e f o l l o w i n g m o r n i n g , C o l o n e l H u f f t o o k m e t o t h e a i r p o r t ,
where I boarded a Pan American flight to Hong Kong . A s t h e
p l a n e s o a r e d o v e r T o k y o a n d Y o k o h a m a , I a g a i n w i t n e s s e d a n
i n d e s c r i b a b l e p a n o r a m a o f t h e r a v a g e s o f t h e w a r , s u c h a t r a g i c
c o n t r a s t t o t h e J a p a n t h a t I h a d p r e v i o u s l y v i s i t e d .
I stayed in Hong Kong at the Peninsula Hotel, on the
K o w l o o n s i d e o f t h e i s l a n d . E a r l y t h e f o l l o w i n g m o r n i n g I w e n t
t o t h e r e s i d e n c e o f D r . W i t t e n b e r g o n t h e V i c t o r i a s i d e o f H o n g
Kong . I w a s s h o c k e d t o l e a r n f r o m t h e D o c t o r ' s C h i n e s e s e r v a n t
a n d h i s S w i s s h o u s e k e e p e r t h a t D r . W i t t e n b e r g h a d t h e p r e v i o u s
month gone on a long holiday to Europe, that he would be
g o n e s e v e r a l m o n t h s a n d t h a t t h e y d i d n o t e v e n k n o w w h e r e h e
c o u l d b e r e a c h e d . V e r y , v e r y m u c h d i s a p p o i n t e d , I t h e n w r o t e
t o G e n e r a l B a g u l e s c o f r o m t h e h o t e l a b o u t m y d e e p r e g r e t i n
n o t s e e i n g D r . W i t t e n b e r g i n H o n g K o n g a n d s a i d I w a s l e a v i n g
t h e f o l l o w i n g d a y f o r H a w a i i a n d C a l i f o r n i a .
IN 1948 THE MACART HUR FOR PRESIDE NT CR USADE had
gained tremendous interest and momentum . O u r C a l i f o r n i a
o r g a n i z a t i o n , M a c A r t h u r f o r P r e s i d e n t , h a d a t t a i n e d n a t i o n a l
r e c o g n i t i o n b y t h e M a c A r t h u r n a t i o n a l h e a d q u a r t e r s i n M i l -
w a u k e e , W i s c o n s i n , u n d e r t h e a u s p i c e s o f t h e N a t i o n a l C h a i r -
man, Lansing Hoyt . O u r C a l i f o r n i a h e a d q u a r t e r s w a s i n L o s
A n g e l e s u n d e r t h e a u s p i c e s o f a n e x e c u t i v e c o m m i t t e e o f p r o m i -
n e n t C a l i f o r n i a n s a n d m e n o f e s t e e m d e d i c a t e d t o M a c A r t h u r
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f o r P r e s i d e n t : E a r l A d a m s , a p r o m i n e n t l a w y e r w i t h o v e r f i f t y
y e a r s o f p r a c t i c e i n L o s A n g e l e s , g r e a t l y a d m i r e d a n d r e s p e c t e d
b y t h e e n t i r e C a l i f o r n i a B a r ; G e o r g e M a r t i n , a p r o m i n e n t c i v i c
l e a d e r a n d a v i c e - p r e s i d e n t o f S e c u r i t y P a c i f i c B a n k ; John
B i g e l o w , a r e t i r e d n e w s p a p e r e d i t o r ; J o s e p h C h o a t e ; a n d o t h e r s .
On April 2, 1948, the MacArthur f or President Club of
C a l i f o r n i a h a d a b e a u t i f u l b a n q u e t i n t h e b a l l r o o m o f t h e
B i l t m o r e H o t e l i n L o s A n g e l e s , w h i c h w a s a r e s p l e n d e n t , c o l o r -
f u l o c c a s i o n . T h e b a l l r o o m w a s f i l l e d t o c a p a c i t y , i n c l u d i n g t h e
l o g e s , w i t h f i n e - s p i r i t e d A m e r i c a n s , a d m i r e r s o f G e n e r a l
MacArthur . D r . D a v i d P r e s c ot t B a r r o w s c a m e f r o m B e r k e l e y t o
s p e a k o f t h e G e n e r a l ' s g r e a t l e a d e r s h i p q u a l i t i e s . D r . B a r r o w s
h a d k n o w n t h e G e n e r a l a s a n o f f i c e r i n t h e e a r l y d a y s i n t h e
P h i l i p p i n e s . H e w a s P r e s i d e n t E m e r i t u s o f t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f
C a l i f o r n i a a t B e r k e l e y a n d h i s m e s s a g e e x t o l l i n g t h e S t a t e s m a n -
s h i p o f t h e G e n e r a l w a s e x c i t i n g a n d i n s p i r i n g a n d t h r i l l e d
everyone . Mrs . Barrows graced the head table with Dr .
Barrows .
A l s o a t t h e h e a d t a b l e w e r e n u m e r o u s o t h e r d i g n i t a r i e s ,
among whom were General Hap Glassford, of Laguna B each,
w h o h a d a t t e n d e d W e s t P o i n t w h e n M a c A r t h u r w a s a n u p p e r -
c l a s s m a n , a n d t h e n s e r v e d u n d e r t h e G e n e r a l i n W a s h i n g t o n
w h e n M a c A r t h u r w a s A r m y C h i e f o f S t a f f . T h e h i g h p r a i s e o f
G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r c o m i n g f r o m t h e l i p s o f G e n e r a l G l a s s f o r d
w a s p r o f o u n d a n d m o v i n g .
A n o t h e r h o n o r e d g u e s t w a s a m o s t g r a c i o u s s o u t h e r n g e n t l e -
m a n , C a m e r o n F a i r c l o t h , b r o t h e r o f J e a n F a i r c l o t h M a c A r t hu r
a n d , w h e n h e a r o s e a n d t o o k a b o w , e v e r y o n e a p p l a u d e d .
O t h e r g u e s t s i n c l u d e d C o l o n e l a n d M r s . E d w a r d S h a t t u c k o f
L o s A n g e l e s . C o l o n e l S h a t t u c k h a d s e r v e d o n t h e G e n e r a l ' s s t a f f
i n t h e S o u t h P a c i f i c . A l s o p r e s e n t w a s t h e c h a r m i n g a c t r e s s
C o r r i n e G r i f f i t h o f B e v e r l y H i l l s , w h o s e e n t h u s i a s m f o r t h e
G e n e r a l w a s w e l l k n o w n . I n a d d i t i o n t o m e m b e r s o f t h e E x e c u -
t i v e C o m m i t t e e o f t h e C a l i f o r n i a M a c A r t h ur f o r P r e s i d e n t C l u b
s u c h a s M e s s r s . A d a m s , M a r t i n , a n d t h e A u t h o r , o t h e r a t t e n -
d e e s w e r e M r s . J o s e p h C h o a t e ; M r s . L e l a n d A t h e r t o n I r i s h ; M r .
and Mrs . E d w a r d F a u p e l , f o r m e r U n i t e d S t a t e s M a r s h a l f o r
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S h a n g h a i a n d h i s w i f e , g r e a t d e v o t e e s o f t h e G e n e r a l ; p r o m i n e n t
a t t o r n e y J e r r y G e i s l e r a n d h i s l a d y ; D r . S t e w a r t P . M a c L e n n a n ,
P a s t o r o f t h e H o l l y w o o d P r e s b y t e r i a n C h u r c h ; C h a r l e s R e e d ,
p r o m i n e n t b u s i n e s s m a n ; a n d m a n y o t h e r p r o m i n e n t p e r s o n a g e s ,
i n c l u d i n g h u n d r e d s o f o t h e r m a g n i f i c e n t m e n a n d w o m e n o f
s o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a , a m o n g w h o m w a s t h e l o v e l y M a r y P i c k -
f o r d , a g r e a t a d m i r e r a n d s u p p o r t e r o f D o u g l a s Ma c A r t h u r , i n
o n e o f h e r l a s t p u b l i c a p p e a r a n c e s .
I n 1 9 4 8 t h e A u t h o r r e c e i v e d a l o n g d i s t a n c e c a l l f r o m M r s .
N e l l i e C o f f m a n , f o u n d e r a n d o w n e r o f t h e r e n o w n e d D e s e r t I n n
at Palm Springs, C alifornia . She was a fan of General
MacArthur and had heard and frequently read of our
M a c A r t h u r f o r P r e s i d e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n . S h e a s k e d m e t o b e h e r
g u e s t s o o n a t t h e I n n , f o r a l o n g w e e k e n d , b e c a u s e h e r s o n a l s o
w a s a g r e a t a d m i r e r o f t h e G e n e r a l . I s a i d t h a t I w o u l d b e
p l e a s e d t o a c c e p t h e r i n v i t a t i o n s o o n a n d t h a t I w o u l d r e t u r n h e r
c a l l a n d p l a n t o e n j o y h e r h o s p i t a l i t y . S h e t o l d m e t h a t s h e h a d a
g r e a t m a n y f r i e n d s i n P a l m S p r i n g s a n d t h e d e s e r t w h o w o u l d
l i k e t o j o i n t h e M a c A r t h u r C l u b .
W h e n I a r r i v e d a t t h e D e s e r t I n n , M r s. C o f f m a n a n d h e r S o n
g r e e t e d m e w a r m l y a n d f o r t h r e e d a y s I e n j o y e d h e r h o s p i t a l i t y .
E a c h n i g h t , I d i n e d w i t h t h e m a t t h e i r f a m i l y t a b l e . W h i l e I w a s
t h e r e , M r s . C o f f m a n i n v i t e d s e v e r a l o f h e r p r o m i n e n t P a l m
S p r i n g s a n d n e w s p a p e r f r i e n d s f o r l u n c h e o n . T h e i r e n t h u s i a s m
f o r G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r w a s o v e r w h e l m i n g . T h e s e w e r e g r o u p s o f
dedicated Americans, many of whom had pioneered in that
r e g i o n f o r h a l f a c e n t u r y , o t h e r s n a t i v e C a l i f o r n i a n s .
Mrs . C o f f m a n d e p l e t e d m y s u p p l y o f M a c A r t h u r f o r P r e s i -
d e n t b u t t o n s . S h e a l s o a s k e d t o h a v e h e r p i c t u r e t a k e n w e a r i n g
o n e o f t h e M a c A r t h u r b u t t o n s . S h e m u s t h a v e b e e n i n h e r l a t e
e i g h t i e s, b u t w a s a r a d i a n t , s p i r i t e d w o m a n . E v e r y o n e g r e a t l y
l o v e d h e r a n d s h e w a s r e f e r r e d t o a s P a l m S p r i n g s ' F i r s t C i t i z e n .
H e r p h o t o g r a p h , w i t h M a c A r t h u r ' s p i c t u r e i n t h e b a c k g r o u n d i n
h e r p r i v a t e s u i t e , i s s o c ha r m i n g t h a t t h e p r e s s i n R i v e r s i d e
C o u n t y p u b l i s h e d i t . I i n c l u d e t h a t p h o t o g r a p h a m o n g t h e s e
p a g e s b e c a u s e h e r f r i e n d s w e r e l e g i o n a n d n a t i o n w i d e ; s h e w a s a
g r a n d L a d y .
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Mrs . Nellie Coffman, owner of the Desert Inn, at Palm Springs, in
California, with J osep h C hoate , in 1948 . She was a great devotee of
Douglas MacArthur .
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B y r e a s o n o f m y r e c e n t v i s i t w i t h G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r i n
T o k y o , I e n j o y e d t h e c a m a r a d e r i e o f t he G e n e r a l ' s m a n y a d m i -
r e r s , i n c l u d i n g L a n s i n g H o y t a n d o t h e r s f r o m a c r o s s t h e n a t i o n ,
e s p e c i a l l y f r o m T e x a s , w h o w i s h e d t o p r o v e t h e i r d e v o t i o n t o
t h e G e n e r a l .
O n s e v e r a l o c c a s i o n s , t h e M a c A r t h u r f o r P r e s i d e n t N a t i o n a l
E x e c u t i v e C o m m i t t e e a n d o f f i c i a l s a n d f o l l o w e r s o f t h e c a m -
p a i g n m e t i n N e w Y o r k a t t h e W a l d o r f - A s t o r i a H o t e l t o c h a m -
p i o n o u r c a u s e .
W i l l i a m R a n d l o p h H e a r s t , w h o w a s o n e o f t h e m o s t a r d e n t
a d m i r e r s o f M a c A r t h u r i n A m e r i c a , s u p p o r t e d o u r c a u s e n a t i o n -
w i d e a n d , b e c a u s e h e f r e q u e n t l y u s e d h i s m a n y n e w s p a p e r s t o
e x t o l t h e l e a d e r s h i p v i r t u e s a n d q u a l i t i e s o f D o u g l a s M a c A r t h ur ,
I a m r e p r i n t i n g h e r e o n e o f t he g r e a t E d i t o r i a l s H e a r s t r e l e a s e d
a t t h a t t i m e i n f u r t h e r a n c e o f o u r c a m p a i g n !
THE MAN OF THE HOURM o r e t h a n a t a n y t i m e s i n c e A b r a h a m L i n c o l n w a s
s u m m o n e d t o t h e W h i t e H o u s e t o s a v e t h e R e p u b l i c ,
these United States needs a STATESMAN and not
A P O L I T I C I A N a t t h e H e a d o f t h e N a t i o n a l G o v e r n -
ment .
N o n e o f t h e a v o w e d c a n d i d a t e s f o r t h e P r e s i d e n c y
m e e t s t h e p u b l i c n e e d .
A n d t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s t h a t l i e u p o n u s a r e t o o
g r a v e a n d t o o c o n s e q u e n t i a l t o b e c o m m i t t e d i n t o
f e e b l e o r u n c e r t a i n h a n d s .
M i s l e d b y v a i n g l o r i o u s a m b i t i o n s a n d f a l s e a l i e n
i d e o l o g i e s , w e h a v e d e p a r t e d d a n g e r o u s l y f r o m t h e
s o u n d t r a d i t i o n s a n d t h e e q u a l l y s o u n d p r a c t i c e s o f
o u r s u c c e s s f u l p a s t .
W e h a v e b e c o m e a d e b t - r i d d e n c o m m o n w e a l t h , w i t h
a d e b a s e d c u r r e n c y , d r i f t i n g l i k e a r u d d e r l e s s b a r k i n
t h e s h o a l s o f i n f l a t i o n t o w a r d s h i p w r e c k o n t h e r o c k s
o f d e p r e s s i o n .
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T h e s e e d s o f c l a s s h a t r e d a n d c l a s s c o n f l i c t h a v e
b e e n s o w n i n o u r s o i l a n d a r e b e a r i n g p o i s o n o u s f r u i t .
T h e t r i b u n a l s o f j u s t i c e h a v e b e e n d e b a u c h e d ; a r b i -
t r a r y a d m i n i s t r a t i v e e d i c t s a r e t a k i n g t h e p l a c e o f j u s t
l a w s j u s t l y e n f o r c e d ; a n d a v a s t b u r e a u c r a c y i s b e i n g
e r e c t e d o v e r u s t o d e v o u r o u r s u b s t a n c e .
T a x a t i o n h a s b e e n m a d e a n i n s t r u m e n t o f p i l l a g e
a n d p e r s e c u t i o n , s o t h a t t h e a c c u m u l a t i o n o f g e n e r a -
t i v e a n d p r o d u c t i v e w e a l t h i s d i m i n i s h i n g ; t h e f o u n -
t a i n s o f p h i l a n t h r o p y a r e v a n i s h i n g ; t h e c r e a t i v e e n e r -
g i es o f o u r p e o p le a re fa l t e r in g ; a n d t h e d e p e n d e n c i e s
o f t h e d o l e a r e b e i n g s u b s t i t u t e d f o r t h e v i r t u e s o f s e l f -
r e l i a n c e a n d s e l f - r e s p e c t .
B e y o n d o u r s h o r e s , o u r s o - c a l l e d d i p l o m a c y h a s
b e e n c a r r i e d o n i n a d i s g r a c e f u l m e d l e y o f s e c r e c y
a n d d e c e p t i o n a n d u s u r p e d a u t h o r i t y , u n t i l n o m a n
k n o w s w h a t o u r " f o r e i g n p o l i c i e s " a r e - o r w h a t t h e y
p o r t e n d .
And meanwhile, in a world where the embers of
u n e x t i n g u i s h e d w a r s t i l l s m o l d e r a n d t h e r e i s n o p e a c e
a n y w h e r e , o u r d e f e n s e s a r e p e r m i t t e d t o d e c l i n e a n d
d e c a y .
A f r e e R e p u b l i c t h a t i s s o b e s e t w i t h m a n i f o l d e r r o r s
a n d e v i l s c a n n o t - i n L i n c o l n ' s h i s t o r i c p h r a s e -
" l o n g e n d u r e . "
T h e t i m e s a r e i n d e e d c r i t i c a l , c a l l i n g f o r s a v i n g
l e a d e r s h i p ; a n d A m e r i c a w o u l d b e i n d e e d b a n k r u p t i f
t h e l e a d e r s h i p w e r e l a c k i n g .
B u t f o r t u n a t e l y f o r u s a n d f o r p o s t e r i t y , t h e l e a d e r -
s h i p a w a i t s - t h e k i n d o f v i r i l e l e a d e r s h i p t h a t d e m o c -
r a c y r e q u i r e s .
A b o v e a n y m a n o f h i s g e n e r a t i o n , G e n e r a l D o u g l a s
M a c A r t h u r h a s d e m o n s t r a t e d i n m a n y c a p a c i t i e s h i s
s u p e rl a t i v e q u a l i t i e s .
H e h a s t h e s t a t e s m a n ' s t o u c h , a l o n g w i t h t h e p a t r i o t ' s
c o n s e c r a t i o n ; a n d h e h a s t h e i n s p i r e d a n d s e l f l e s s " gi f t
o f c o m m a n d " w hi c h e x t r e m e e x i g e n c i e s a l w a y s r e q u i r e .
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I n e v e r y c a l l t o d u t y t h a t h a s b e e n m a d e u p o n h i m ,
h e h a s a l w a y s r e s p o n d e d - AND HE HAS NEVERF A I L E D .
N o d i f f i c u l t y , h o w e v e r g r e a t , h a s e v e r d a u n t e d h i m .
KNOWING that, we cannot believe that General
M a c A r t h u r w o u l d f a i l h i s b e l o v e d C o u n t r y n o w .
We NEED HIM .
W e n e e d h i s e x p e r i e n c e a n d h i s j u d g m e n t a n d h i s
s u p e r b e x e c u t i v e a b i l i t y i n W a s h i n g t o n .
I f w e a r e t o s a v e o u r s e l v e s f r o m o u r o w n f o l l i e s , w e
m u s t D R A F T G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r f o r t h e P r e s i d e n c y .
F o r b e y o n d a n y r i v a l r y a n d a n y p a r t i s a n s h i p a n d
any questioning, Douglas MacArthur is America'sMAN OF THE HOUR .
( R e p r i n t e d f r o m t h e L o s A n g e l e s E x a m i n e r )
O n e d a y I r e c e i v e d a c a l l f r o m t h e p o p u l a r e n t e r t a i n e r a n d
d e v o t e e o f t h e G e n e r a l , n a m e l y , E a r l C a r r o l l , w h o a s k e d m e t o
c o m e a n d s e e h i m a t h i s S u n se t B o u l e v a r d s h o w p l a c e i n H o l l y -
wood. W e s o o n h a d l u n c h t o g e t h e r a n d h e t h e n t o l d m e o f h i s
l o n g f r i e n d s h i p w i t h D o u g l a s M a c A r t h u r . T h e y f i r s t m e t i n
W o r l d W a r I i n F r a n c e w h e n C a r r o l l w a s " e n t e r t a i n i n g t h e
t r o o p s a n d t h e r e d e v e l o p e d a c l o s e f r i e n d s h i p t h a t h a d c o n -
t i n u e d t h r o u g h t h e y e a r s . I n 1 9 4 5 , s o o n a f t e r t h e Ar m i s t i ce t o o k
p l a c e i n J a p a n , h e h a d g o n e t o J a p a n a n d h a d a l o n g v i s i t w i t h
t h e G e n e r a l a t h i s r e s i d e n c e a n d a t h i s H e a d q u a r t e r s . H e t o l d
me : " I f y o u s e e t h e G e n e r a l a g a i n , b e s u r e t o t a k e w i t h y o u a
l a r g e b o x o f S e e ' s c h o c o l a t e s f o r J e a n . S h e i s a r e a l f a d d i s t f o r
c h o c o l a t e s , s o d o n ' t e v e r g o t o T o k y o w i t h o u t a b o x o f S e e ' s
candy . T e l l t h e m b o t h I s e n d m y l o v e . "
I h a d a v e r y f i n e L o s A n g e l e s c l i e n t , a d e e p l y r e l i g i o u s ,
s p i r i t u a l m a n w h o h a d i n h e r i t e d a m o d e s t f o r t u n e a n d g o n e i n t o
t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f r e l i g i o u s f i l m s . T o m e t h e f i n e s t r e l i g i o u s ,
s p i r i t u a l p i c t u r e I h a v e e v e r s e e n w a s o n e h e p r o d u c e d , e n t i t l e d
The Certain Nobleman . I t i s a m a s t e r p i e c e , c o m i n g o u t o f t h e
h e a r t o f t h e B i b l e . I w r o t e t o t h e G e n e r a l a n d a s k e d h i m i f I
c o u l d t a k e t h e l i b e r t y o f s e n d i n g h i m t h i s f i l m b e c a u s e I w a s
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s u r e t h a t h e , J e a n a n d A r t h u r w o u l d e n j o y i t , b e c a u s e m o t i o n
p i c t u r e s w e r e o n e o f t h e f e w d i v e r s i o n s t h e y h a d i n t h e e v e n i n g s .
S o I s e n t t h i s f i l m o u t t o t h e G e n e r a l . I t r u n s a b o u t t w e n t y o r
t w e n t y f i v e m i n u t e s . T h e G e n e r a l r e t u r n e d t h e f i l m w i t h t h e
f o l l o w i n g w o n d e r f u l l e t t e r , w h i c h s p e a k s e l e o q u e n t l y f o r i t s e l f :
T o k y o , J a p a n
1 1 A u g u s t 1 9 4 8
Dear Mr . C h o a t e :
T h e r e l i g i o u s f i l m r e f e r r e d t o i n y o u r l e t t e r o f J u l y
2 5 a r r i v e d i n T o k y o i n d u e c o u r s e . I t w a s r u n f o r
A r t h u r a n d h i s m o t h e r a n d t h e y w e r e d e e p l y i m p r e s s e d
a n d m o v e d b y i t . I t i s b e i n g r e t u r n e d t o y o u w i t h m y
g r a t e f u l a c k n o w l e d g m e n t f o r y o u r t h o u g h t f u l c o u r t e s y
i n s e n d i n g i t a n d m y c o m p l i m e n t s t o D r . F r i e d r i c h , i t s
p r o d u c e r . T h i s m e t h o d o f p o r t r a y i n g g r e a t s p i r i t u a l
l e s s o n s m o s t c e r t a i n l y f i n d s a b r o a d f i e l d o f v i t a l
u t i l i t y , a s m o d e r n s o c i e t y h a s n o m o r e i m p e l l i n g n e e d
t h a n t h e s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f i t s m o r a l f i b e r t o r e n d e r
h u m a n i t y r e s i s t a n t t o t h e f o r c e s c a l c u l a t e d t o e f f e c t i t s
d e s t r u c t i o n .
I w i s h t o t a k e t h i s o p p o r t u n i t y t o e x p r e s s t o y o u m y
h e a r t f e l t g r a t i t u d e f o r t h e v i g o r o u s s u p p o r t y o u g a v e
t o t h o s e w h o r e c e n t l y a d v o c a t e d m y n o m i n a t i o n b y t h e
R e p u b l i c a n C o n v e n t i o n . T h e c o n f i d e n c e r e f l e c t e d f r o m
t h i s a n d t h e g o o d w i l l m a n i f e s t e d b y s o m a n y f e l l o w
A m e r i c a n s l e f t m e w i t h a h i g h s e n s e o f p e r s o n a l s a t i s -
f a c t i o n a n d a d d e d i n s p i r a t i o n t o s u r m o u n t t h e d i f f i -
c u l t i e s w h i c h y e t m a y b e s e t m e i n m y c o u n t r y ' s s e r v i c e .
W i t h r e n e w e d t h a n k s a n d e v e r y g o o d w i s h .
F a i t h f u l l y y o u r s ,DOUGLAS MacARTHURI n 1 9 4 9 , i n v i e w o f t h e n e w d e v e l o p m e n t s t h a t h a d t a k e n p l a c e
i n t h e G e n e r a l B a g u l e s c o c a s e a n d a t h i s i n s i s t e n c e , I h a d n o
c h o i c e b u t t o g o b a c k a g a i n t o H o n g K o n g f o r a c o n f e r e n c e
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with Dr. W i t t e n b e r g . I c a l l e d E a r l C a r r o l l a n d t o l d h i m o f m y
i m p e n d i n g t r i p t o T o k y o a n d h e r e m i n d e d m e , " B e s u r e t o t a k e
J e a n a b o x o f S e e ' s c h oc o l a t e s . "
Pursuant to those plans, I once more wrote General
M a c A r t h u r r e q u e s t i n g p e r m i s s i o n t o e n t e r h i s F a r E a s t t h e a t r e
o f o p e r a t i o n s t o p r o c e e d t o H o n g K o n g v i a J a p a n . I n a f e w
d a y s , I r e c e i v e d f r o m t h e G e n e r a l a p e r s o n a l r e p l y i n f o r m i n g m e
t h a t h e h a d s e n t t h e P e n t a g o n ' s a r m y p e r m i t s e c t i o n h i s a p -
p r o v a l a n d c o n s e n t f o r m e t o v i s i t J a p a n a n d H o n g K o n g a n d
s t a t i n g t h a t t h e p e r m i t w o u l d s o o n b e i s s u e d . T h i s l e t t e r o f
M a r c h 1 9 4 9 w a s m o s t g r a ci o u s a n d i n v i t i n g a n d I i n c l u d e i t i n
t h e s e p a g e s . I t r e a d a s f o l l ow s :
G e n e r a l H e a d q u a r t e r s
Supreme C ommander
T o k y o , J a p a n
Dear Mr . C h o a t e :
I a m d e l i g h t e d t o h e a r f r o m y o u r l e t t e r o f F e b r u a r y
2 6 o f y o u r t e n t a t i v e p l a n n e d t r i p t o J a p a n . You may
b e s u r e o f t h e a p p r o v a l o f t h i s h e a d q u a r t e r s w h e n
r e f e r e n c e i s m a d e f o r o u r c l e a r a n c e , a n d a m o s t c o r d i a l
w e l c o m e u p o n y o u r a r r i v a l .
W i t h c o r d i a l r e g a r d s, I a m ,
F a i t h f u l l y y o u r s ,DOUGLAS MacARTHURA r m e d w i t h a P a n A m e r i c a n W o r l d A i r w a y s t i c k e t a n d t h e
a r m y p e r m i t , w i t h a b o x o f S e e ' s c h o c o l a t e s u n d e r m y a r m , I
h e a d e d f o r H a w a i i a n d t h e O r i e n t . U p o n m y a r r i v a l a t H o n o -
l u l u , a s r e q u e s t e d i n a l e t t e r f r o m C o l o n e l S i d n e y H u f f , I s e n t a
c a b l e t o h i m a s t o t h e t i m e o f m y a r r i v a l i n T o k y o . M y p a p e r s i n
o r d e r , w e t o o k o f f f r o m H a w a i i f o r J a p a n . W e s t o p p e d f o r a f e w
h o u r s a t W a k e I s l a n d f o r r e f u e l i n g a n d t h e n , i n a b o u t n i n e
h o u r s a n d a h a l f , w e r e a c h e d J a p a n . W h e n w e l a n d e d a t H a n e d a
Tokyo airport, Colonel Huff again greeted me like an
A m b a s s a d o r a n d d r o v e m e t o t h e C i t y . A s w e w e r e d r i v i n g i n t o
T o k y o , h e t o l d m e t h a t G e n e r a l a n d M r s . MacArthur wanted
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m e t o h a v e l u n c h w i t h t h e m t h e f o l l o w i n g d a y . O n t h i s s e c o n d
v i s i t , C o l o n e l H u f f t o o k m e t o t h e I m p e r i a l H o t e l . I t w a s l i k e
r e t u r n i n g h o m e b e c a u s e o f m y e a r l i e r s t a y s t h e r e .
T h e n e x t d a y C o l o n e l H u f f d r o v e m e a g a i n t o t h e E m b a s s y
residence where Jean MacArthur and Arthur greeted me . I
p r e s e n t e d h e r w i t h t h e b o x o f S e e ' s c a n d y , w h e r e u p o n s h e
b l e s s e d m e w i t h a k i s s o n t h e c h e e k a n d e x p r e s s e d t h e i r a f f e c t i o n
f o r E a r l C a r r o l l .
T h e G e n e r a l a r r i v e d s h o r t l y a n d w e s a t d o w n t o a d e l i g h t f u l
l u n c h . A s a l o y a l A m b a s s a d o r , I c o n v e y e d t o t h e m t h e l o v i n g
g r e e t i n g s f r o m E a r l C a r r o l l . T h e G e n e r a l t h e n a s k e d m e f o r a
p r o g r e s s r e p o r t o n m y l a w c a s e . I t o l d h i m i t w a s a l o n g s t o r y .
I r e p o r t e d m y u n f o r t u n a t e p r e v i o u s e x p e r i e n c e i n n o t f i n d i n g
Dr . W i t t e n b e r g i n H o n g K o n g a n d t h a t , n o w , b e c a u s e o f m y
c l i e n t ' s i n s i s t e n c e , I w a s m a k i n g t h i s s e c o n d t r i p t o H o n g K o n g .
T h e l u n c h e o n w a s e n j o y a b l e a n d d e l i g h t f u l . T h e G e n e r a l
a s k e d m e t o p l e a s e c o m e a n d s e e h i m a t 2 : 3 0 t h e f o l l o w i n g d a y,
w h i c h I d i d .
A t t h e H e a d q u a r t e r s o f f i c e , a s w e w e r e t a l k i n g , h e t o l d m e
t h a t t h e n e x t d a y h e w a s g o i n g t o S e o u l t o s u r v e y t h e s i t u a t i o n
t h e r e . H e s a i d t h a t t h e K o r e a n c o n f l i c t w a s n o w d e m a n d i n g
m u c h _ o f h i s t i m e a n d t h o u g ht s . I t h e n a s k e d t h e G e n e r a l i f h e
c o u l d c o n s i d e r t a k i n g m e w i t h h i m o n h i s f l i g ht t o K o r e a , t o
w h i c h h e r e p l i e d , " C h o a t e , I c a n ' t d o t h a t , b e c a u s e i f a n y t h i n g
h a p p e n e d t o y o u , I w o u l d s p e n d t h e r e s t o f m y l i f e t r y i n g t o
e x p l a i n i t . I t i s t o o ha z a r d o u s . W e a r e i n a n o t h e r w a r i n K o r e a . "
W e t h e n s p o k e a t l e n g t h a b o u t t h e M a c A r t h u r c a m p a i g n i n
t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . I t o l d h i m o f t h e g r e a t a d m i r a t i o n o f h i s l oy a l
f o l l o w e r s . H e t h e n s a i d , " C h o a t e , I a m n o w g o i n g t o t e l l y o u
w h y I h a v e w i t h h e l d m y c o n s e n t t o y o u r c a m p a i g n . I t ' s a h i g h l y
p e r s o n a l , s e n s i t i v e r e a s o n , b a c k g r o u n d e d i n s e n t i m e n t , b u t r e a l ,
a n d I w a n t y o u t o k n o w w h y I h a v e w i t h h e l d m y c o n s e n t . "
I n a r e f l e c t i v e m o o d , h e c o n t i n u e d , " W h e n I a r r i v e d i n
M a n i l a i n 1 9 0 2 , s o o n a f t e r m y g r a d u a t i o n f r o m W e s t P o i n t , t o
j o i n m y f a t h e r [ G e n e r a l A r t h u r M a c A r t h u r ] , W i l l i a m H o w a r d
T a f t w a s t h e H i g h C o m m i s s i o n e r o f t h e P h i l i p p i n e s , a n d m y
f a t h e r a n d W i l l i a m H o w a r d T a f t a n d o u r f a m i l i e s g o t t o g e t h e r
- 3 9 -
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n e a r l y e v e r y e v e n i n g a n d w e w e r e v e r y c l o s e s o c i a l l y . I n t h e T a f t
family was a small boy named Bob and I saw him for many
y e a r s t h e r e a f t e r , s o c i a l l y a n d o n o u r t r i p s t o g e t h e r . " T h e n h e
a d d e d , " B o b i s n o w t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s s e n a t o r f r o m O h i o a n d h e
i s v e r y e n t h u s i a s t i c a b o u t t h e c a m p a i g n t h e s e d a y s i n s e e k i n g t h e
R e p u b l i c a n n o m i n a t i o n f o r P r e s i d e n t a n d , a s l o n g a s R o b e r t
T a f t i s i n t h e r u n n i n g , I d o n o t w i s h t o g e t i n v o l v e d i n t h a t
campaign . I w i l l n o t d e c l a r e m y s e l f a v a i l a b l e a s a c a n d i d a t e a s
l o n g a s B o b i s i n t h e r u n n i n g . T o m e i t ' s a m a t t e r o f f a m i l y
b a c k g r ou n d , s e n t i m e n t a n d l o y a l t y . I r e a l i z e t h e p o l i t i c a l e n m i t y
t h a t e x i s t s b e t w e e n R o b e r t T a f t a n d T h o m a s D e w e y , h o w e v e r ,
a n d , a s l o n g a s t h a t e x i s t s , I d o n o t w i s h t o b e c o m e i n v o l v e d i n
t h e p o l i t i c a l c r o s s f i r e . "
I t h e n t o l d t h e G e n e r a l t h a t a s t a l e m a t e c o u l d c r e a t e a n
i m p a s s e i n t h e c o n f l i c t b e t w e e n T a f t a n d D e w e y a n d , i n t h a t
s t a l e m a t e , w e h o p e d a n d p r a y e d t h a t t h e R e p u b l i c a n s w o u l d
t h e n t u r n t o D o u g l a s M a c A r t h u r a s t h e i r N o m i n e e . I t o l d h i m
o f t h e n u m e r o u s p e r s o n a g e s w h o h a d s u p p o r t e d o u r c a u s e .
I n a l i g h t e r v e i n , d u r i n g o u r d i s c u ss i o n , I t o l d t h e G e n e r a l t h a t
h e h a d o n e p a t h e t i c h a n d i c a p i n h i s l i f e t h a t h e c o u l d n o t
o v e r c o m e , t h a t o f h a v i n g S c o t t i s h b l o o d i n h i s v e i n s . He
c h u c k l e d , s m i l e d a n d s a i d , " T h a t ' s o n e o f t h e h a n d i c a p s I ' m
p l e a s e d t o h a v e - m y b i r t h r i g h t , f o r w h i c h I a m p r o f o u n d l y
g r a t e f u l . "
I s p o k e o f h o w f o r t u n a t e I w a s t o h a v e h a d t h e p r i v i l e g e o f
v i s i t i n g J a p a n i n 1 9 2 9 - 3 0 a n d t h e n a g a i n t w i c e i n 1 9 3 4 , w h e n t h e
c o u n t r y w a s s o m e w h a t n o r m a l , b e a u t i f u l a n d u n t o u c h e d b y w a r ,
w i t h w o m e n w e a r i n g k i m o n o s a n d t h e p o l i t e s p i r i t o f t h e p e o p l e .
I t w a s l i k e r e t u r n i n g t o a n o t h e r w o r l d .
T h e g r e a t s e n s i t i v i t y o f t h e G e n e r a l w a s o f t e n f e l t i n h i s
remarks . H e r e f e r r e d t o t h e i r o w n c o n d i t i o n , s a y i n g , t h a t t h e r e
w a s v e r y l i t t l e s o c i a l l i f e i n T o k y o f o r J e a n a n d A r t h u r , t h a t i t
w a s v e r y c o n f i n i n g , a n d t h a t t h e o n l y s o c i a l l i f e h e e n j o y e d w a s
w h e n h e l e f t t h e E m b a s s y o c c a s i o n a l l y i n t h e e v e n i n g t o a t t e n d
t h e M a s o n i c L o d g e . H i s r e m a r k w a s p r o m p t e d w h e n h e s a w m y
M a s o n i c r i n g .
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T h e G e n e r a l w e n t o n t o s a y t h a t , w h e n h e t o o k c o m m a n d o f
t h e J a p a n e s e o c c u p a t i o n , o n e o f t h e f i r s t t h i n g s h e d i d w a s t o
r e m o v e a l l r e s t r i c t i o n s o n f r a t e r n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s a n d t h a t
M a s o n r y h a d b e c o m e v e r y p o p u l a r i n J a p a n . W h e n h e a t t e n d e d
t h e l o d g e , h e h a d a n o p p o r t u n i t y t o f r a n t e r n i z e w i t h m a n y o f h i s
m e n , o f f i c e r s a n d s o l d i e r s . H e r e m a r k e d , " T h e J a p a n e s e a r e
a r d e n t M a s o n s . "
T h e G e n e r a l t h e n a s k e d a b o u t m y f a m i l y , w h e r e M r s . C h o a t e
c a m e f r o m , w h e t h e r h e r p a r e n t s w e r e l i v i n g a n d a b o u t m y s o n .
I t o l d h i m t h a t m y D o r o t h y ' s p a r e n t s w e r e b o t h g o n e ; t h a t s h e
h a d b e e n b o r n i n B o s t o n ; a n d t h a t I h a d m e t h e r i n L o s A n g e l e s
a f t e r h e r f a t he r p a s s e d a w a y ; t h a t h e h a d a g r ea t a d m i r e r i n M r s .
Choate ; a n d t h a t s h e h o p e d t h a t s o m e d a y s h e c o u l d m e e t h i m
p e r s o n a l l y .
T h e h o u r w a s g r o w i n g q u i t e l a t e , s o I t h e n b a d e h i m g o o d -
b y e , " s a y o n a r a , " a s t h e J a p a n e s e s a y . I w e n t o u t t o t h e o f f i c e o f
C o l o n e l B u n k e r , w h e r e w e h a d a s h or t v i s i t , t h e n C o l o n e l H u f f
t o o k m e b a c k t o t h e I m p e r i a l H o t e l t o g e t r e a d y t o g o t o H o n g
K o n g t h e f o l l o w i n g d a y .
C o l o n e l H u f f t o o k m e t o t h e a i r p o r t. A f t e r a s h o r t f l i g h t ,
I l a n d e d i n H o n g K o n g w h e r e I a g a i n r e g i s t e r e d a t t h e P e n i n s u l a
H o t e l . I t h e n h a s t e n e d o n t h e f e r r y a c r o s s t o t h e V i c t o r i a s i d e ,
c a u g h t a c a b a n d w e n t t o t h e r e s i d e n c e o f D r . W i t t e n b e r g . When
I r e a c h e d h i s r e s i d e n c e , t h e m a i d w a s g o n e a n d t h e c a r e t a k e r
t o l d m e t h a t D r . W i t t e n b e r g w a s n o l o n g e r l i v i n g t h e r e . I a s k e d
where he was and he said, "You must go to the German
c o n s ul a t e a n d t h e y c a n t e l l y o u e x a c t l y w h e r e h e i s . "
T h e c a b t h e n t o o k m e o v e r t o t h e G e r m a n c o n s u l a t e . T h e
C o n s u l i n f o r m e d m e t h a t , t h e y e a r be f o r e , D r . W i t t e n b e r g h a d
r e c e i v e d a n A m e r i c a n v i s a a n d t h a t h e h a d e m i g r a t e d t o t h e
U n i t e d S t a t e s w h e r e h e w a s l i v i n g i n B o u l d e r , C o l o r a d o , p r a c -
t i c i n g m e d i c i n e t h e r e . W i t h t h a t i n f o r m a t i o n , I l e f t t h e C o n s u l a t e
a n d w e n t b a c k t o m y h o t e l . I t e l e p h o n e d G e n e r a l B a g u l e s c o ,
t o l d h i m w h e r e D r . W i t t e n b e r g w a s a n d s a i d , " I ' l l c a t c h u p w i t h
h i m y e t i n C o l o r a d o . "
I d i d s o m e s h o p p i n g a n d t h e n c a u g h t a p l a n e t h e f o l l o w i n g
d a y f o r H a w a i i , s p e n t t w o d a y s i n H o n o l u l u a n d t h e n w e n t b a c k
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T h e d e c i s i o n w a s m a d e a n d t h e p a s s p o r t s w e r e r e n e w e d f o r
t h i s m a g n i f i c e n t t r i p a r o u n d t h e w o r l d . A t t h a t t i m e , t h e m i l i t a r y
r e s t r i c t i o n s w e r e n o t a s g r e a t a s b e f o r e i n t h e O r i e n t b u t ,
n e v e r t h e l e s s, I s e n t o f f a l e t t e r t o t h e G e n e r a l , a s k i n g h i m i f h e
w o u l d g i v e m e t h e p l e a s u r e a n d h o n o r o f g r a n t i n g m e a n o t h e r
m i l i t a r y p e r m i t t o p r o c e e d t o t h e O r i e n t , J a p a n a n d H o n g K o n g ,
a f t e r w h i c h I w a s g o i n g o n t o s e e m y c l i e n t i n N i c e a n d t h e n t o
P a r i s , t o s e e m y i m p o r t a n t w i t n e s s a n d o t h e r s . I t o l d t h e G e ne r a l
t h a t M r s . C h o a t e w a s e a g e r l y l o o k i n g f o r w a r d t o v i s i t i n g J a p a n
a n d , a b o v e a l l , t o m e e t i n g h i m , M r s . MacArthur and Arthur .
P l a n s w e r e m a d e a c c o r d i n g l y .
I r e c e i v e d a g r a c i o u s r e p l y l e t t e r f r o m G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r ,
w e l c o m i n g t h e C h o a t e f a m i l y t o J a p a n .
G e n e r a l H e a d q u a r t e r s
S u p r e m e C o m m a n d e r t h e A l l i e d P o w e r s
O f f i c e o f t h e S u p r e m e C o m m a n d e r
T o k y o , J a p a n
2 7 F e b r u a r y 1 9 5 1
Dear Mr . C h o a t e :
I h a v e j u s t r e c e i v e d y o u r n o t e o f t h e 1 9 t h a n d I a m
d e l i g h t e d t o l e a r n f r o m i t t h a t y o u a n d y o u r f a m i l y a r e
p l a n n i n g t o s t o p b y J a p a n e a r l y i n A p r i l o n y o u r w a y
a r o u n d t h e w o r l d . I s h a l l l o o k f o r w a r d t o s e e i n g y o u
a g a i n .
C o r d i a l l y y o u r s ,DOUGLAS MacARTHURA l e t t e r f o l l o w e d f r o m C o l o n e l H u f f , d a t e d 2 8 F e b r u a r y 1 9 5 1 ,
w h i c h r e a d a s f o l lo w s :
G e n e r a l H e a d q u a r t e r s
Far East C ommand
2 8 F e b r u a r y 1 9 5 1
D e a r J o e :
I w a s d e l i g h t e d t o h e a r t h a t y o u a n d y o u r f a m i l y a r e
c o n t e m p l a t i n g v i s i t i n g u s h e r e i n T o k y o a b o u t t h e f i r s t
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w e e k i n A p r i l . N e e d l e s s t o s a y , w e a r e l o ok i n g f o r w a r d
t o s e e i n g y o u w i t h gr e a t i n t e r e s t . I h o p e t h a t y o u w i l l
f o r g i v e m e f o r n o t a n s w e r i n g y o u r l e t t e r o f 1 J a n u a r y .
I p a s s e d i t o n t o t h e G e n e r a l a n d I b e l i e v e h e w a s
m u c h i n t e r e s t e d i n y o u r v i e w s o f t h e p e o p l e i n W a s h -
i n g t o n . I a m w o n d e r i n g i f y o u w i l l b r i n g t h e m o v i e s
you took when you were here last time with you .
W o u l d b e p l e a s e d t o s e e t h e m .
W i t h a l l g o o d w i s h e s .
S i n c e r e l y ,
SIDNEY L . HUFF,
C o l o n e l , A i d e - d e - C a m p
W e f l e w f r o m L o s A n g e l e s t o H o n o l u l u , w h e r e w e r e l a x e d f o r
t h r e e d a y s . W h i l e t h e r e , I s e n t a w i r e t o S i d n e y H u f f i n f o r m i n g
h i m o f o u r P a n A m f l i g h t n u m b e r , d a t e a n d h o u r o f a r r i v a l a t
H a n e d a a i r p o r t .
L e a v i n g H a w a i i , a f t e r a f e w h o u r s l a y o v e r i n W a k e I s l a n d ,
w e t o o k o f f f o r J a p a n a n d , i n n i n e h o u r s , s n o w c a p p e d M t .
Fujiyama welcomed us . U p o n o u r l a n d i n g a t H a n e d a , S i d n e y
H u f f g r a c i o u s l y g r e e t e d u s . T h e f o r m a l i t i e s o f i m m i g r a t i o n a n d
c u s t o m s w e r e q u i c k l y t a k e n c a r e o f a n d w e w e r e s o o n h e a d e d
f o r T o k y o . I t w a s a m a z i n g h o w m u c h o f t h e w a r ' s d e v a s t a t i o n
h a d b e e n c l e a r e d a w a y ; t h e r e s t o r a t i o n w a s a l r e a d y u n d e r w a y .
C o l o n e l H u f f i n f o r m e d u s t ha t o u r r e s e r v a t i o n s h a d b e e n c o n -
f i r m e d a t t h e I m p e r i a l H o t e l a n d a l s o t o l d u s t h a t G e n e r a l a n d
Mrs . M a c A r t h u r h a d i n v i t e d u s t o l u n c h w i t h t h e m t h e f o l l o w -
i n g d a y a t 1 2 : 3 0 . H e w o u ld c a l l f o r u s a t 1 2 : 0 0 n o o n t o d r i v e u s
t o t h e E m b a s s y r e s i d e n c e .
W e a r r i v e d a t t h e H o t e l i n t h e m i d d l e o f t h e m o r n i n g a n d i t
w a s l i k e r e t u r n i n g h o m e . A f t e r w e u n p a c k e d a n d h a d a s h o w e r ,
i t w a s a b o ut 1 1 : 3 0 , s o I a s k e d D o r o t h y a n d m y s o n t o g e t r e a d y
f o r a s ur p r i s e w a l k . W e w e n t o u t t h e I m p e r i a l f r o n t e n t r a n c e t o
t h e g r e a t t h o r o u g h f a r e a n d w a l k e d n e a r l y h a l f a m i l e , p a s s i n g
t h e p r o v o s t m a r s h a l ' s o f f i c e a n d , a s w e a p p r o a c h e d t h e D a i I c h i
b u i l d i n g , w e c o u l d s e e t h e g a t h e r i n g c r o w d . A s u s u a l , s e v e r a l
h u n d r e d p e o p l e w e r e l i n e d u p o n e a c h s i d e o f t h e e n t r a n c e .
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E v e r y o n e a p p e a r e d i n a s t a t e o f e x p e c t a n c y . A t n o o n , t h e
G e n e r a l ' s b l a c k C a d i l l a c w i t h i t s f i v e - s t a r f l a g a r r i v e d a n d
p a r k e d a t t h e c u r b e n t r a n c e a r e a . E x a c t l y a t 1 2 : 1 5 , G e n e r a l
M a c A r t h u r a n d hi s S e c r e t a r y , C o l o n e l B u n k e r , a p p e a r e d a t t h e
GHQ entrance . T h e c r o w d w a s n o t i c e a b l y q u i e t a n d i m p r e s s e d ;
t h e n , a s t h e G e n e r a l e n t e r e d t h e o p e n e d d o o r o f h i s c a r , t h e
c r o w d c l a p p e d m o d e s t l y a n d e a c h o f t h e J a p a n e s e b o w e d r e v e r -
e n t l y . I t w a s a s ig n o f d e ep r e s p e c t .
We then walked back to our hotel . O u r s o n w e n t o u t t o
e x p l o r e t h e a r c a d e s t o r e s a n d t o f i n d a t e m p u r a e a t i n g p l a c e i n
t h e s h o p s b u i l t u n d e r t h e e l e v a t e d r a i l r o a d , w h i c h e x t e n d f o r
p o s s i b l y t w o m i l e s . T h e y s e l l e v e r y t h i n g f o r m Mi k o m o t o p e a r l s
t o a p p a r e l a n d f i s h . W e a t e o u r m e a l s i n t h e I m p e r i a l ' s m a i n
d i n i n g r o o m . T h e f o o d w a s e x c e l l e n t a n d t h e p r i c e s w e r e e v e n
m o r e e x c e l l e n t b e c a u s e t h e y w e r e t h e r e g u l a r a r m y r a t e , s o a f u l l
m e a l w a s v e r y r e a s o n a bl e .
W e r e t i r e d e a r l y b e c a u s e o f o u r l o n g f l i g h t , t h e c h a n g e o f d a y
a n d t i m e , a n d i n a n t i c i p a t i o n o f o u r l u n c h e o n t h e f o l l o w i n g d a y
w i t h G e n e r a l a n d M r s . M a c A r t h u r .
A t 1 1 : 3 0 , w e s e a t e d o u r s e l v e s i n t h e l o b b y a w a i t i n g t h e a r r i v a l
o f C o l o n e l H u f f . W h e n h e d r o v e i n t o t h e e n t r a n c e , J o s e p h
Timothy, our son, ran out and greeted him . Dorothy was
c a r r y i n g t h e b o x o f S e e ' s c a n d y . M y l a d y a l w a y s p r e f e r r e d t o
r i d e i n t h e f r o n t s e a t , a n d s o o n w e w e r e m o t o r i n g t o t h e
Embassy .
D o r o t hy h a d n o t b e e n t o J a p a n s i n c e h e r f i r s t v i si t i n 1 9 3 8 - 3 9 .
A s w e a p p r o a c h e d t h e E m b a s s y e n t r a n c e g a t e t w o o f f i c e r s o n
g u a r d s t o p p e d u s , t h e n d i r e c t e d u s t o p r o c e e d u p t h e l o n g
c i r c u l a r c o m p o u n d r o a d a r o u n d t h e E m b a s s y b u i l d i n g t o i t s
m a i n e n t r a n c e . A s s o o n a s w e a l i g h t e d , J e a n M a c A r t h u r a n d
A r t h u r a p p e a r e d . T h e g r e e t i n g s o f b o t h w e r e d e l i g h t f u l . D o r o t h y
h a n d e d J e a n t h e b o x o f S e e ' s c h o c ol a t e s . T h e n e v e r y o n e w a s i n
a h a p p y s t a t e o f e l a t i o n a n d s p i r i t s r a n h i g h . W e a l l r e t i r e d t o
the spacious drawing room and, b efore long, the General
a r r i v e d . H e w e l c o m e d D o r o t h y v e r y g r a c i o u s l y . He too was
i n h i g h s p i r i t s . T hen he greeted me and shook hands with
J o s e p h T i m o t h y a n d w e a t o n c e w e n t i n t o t h e d i n i n g r o o m . T h e
- 4 5 -
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G e n e r a l a s k e d D o r o t h y t o s i t o n h i s r i g h t a n d I s a t o n h i s l e f t ,
w h i l e J e a n s a t a t t h e e n d w i t h t h e b o y s o n e a c h s i d e .
T h e G e n e r a l a s k e d a b o u t o u r f l i g h t , t h e n f o r s o m e t i m e h e
t a l k e d w i t h D o r o t h y . S h e t o l d h i m a b o u t h e r v i s i t t o J a p a n i n
1 9 3 8 - 3 9 o n h e r t r i p a r o u n d t h e w o r l d w i t h a l o n g t i m e c o m -
p a n i o n a n d h e r w o n d e r f u l w e e k s t o u r i n g J a p a n . T h e G e n e r a l
t h e n a s k e d a b o u t h e r r o u t e a r o u n d t h e w o r l d a n d t h e p l a c e s
v i s i t e d ; w e r e a l i z e d t h a t h e w a s a k n o w l e d g e a b l e c i t i z e n o f t h e
w o r l d .
S o o n t h e G e n e r a l a s k e d f o r a r e p o r t o n t h e s t a t u s o f m y l a w
case and I told him I was making progress but that the
G a i m i s h o , t h e J a p a n e s e f o r e i g n o f f i c e , w a s i n v e n t i n g e x c u s e s
e v e r y t i m e I c o n f e r r e d w i t h t h e m . I w a s o b l i g e d t o d i s s o l v e t h e s e
e x c u s e s w i t h r e a l i s t i c f a c t s . A s a n i l l u s t r a t i o n , I s a i d , t h e y r a i s e d ,
a m o n g o t h e r t h i n g s , t h e a r g u m e n t t h a t t h e K i n g o f R o m a n i a ,
w h o h a d a p p o i n t e d m y c l i e n t , G e n e r a l B a g u l e s c o , as Ambas-
s a d o r t o J a p a n , m u s t p e r s o n a l l y p r e s e n t t h e c l a i m s a n d d e m a n d s
o f t h e c l a i m a n t t o t h e J a p a n e s e g o v e r n m e n t . W h e n I r e p o r t e d
t h i s t o A m b a ss a d o r B a g u l e s c o i n N i c e , h e e x p l a i n e d t h a t K i n g
M i c h a e l o f R o m a n i a w a s l i v i n g i n e x i l e i n S w i t z e r l a n d a n d t h a t ,
b e c a u s e t h e G o v e r n m e n t o f R o m a n i a w a s u n d e r t h e a b s o l u t e
c o n t r o l o f t h e C o m m u n i s t r e g i m e , h e w o u l d n e v e r c a l l u p o n
t h e m f o r h e l p b e c a u s e t h e S o v i e t s w o u l d c o n f i s c a t e w h a t e v e r
w a s r e c o v e r e d f r o m t h e J a p a n e s e g o v e r n m e n t .
W h e n I t o l d G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r a b o u t t h i s n e w e s t p r o b l e m ,
h e s m i l e d a n d r e m a r k e d , " I w i s h y o u w e l l ; I h o p e y o u l i v e l o n g
e n o u g h t o s e t t l e y o u r c a s e b e c a u s e y o u r c l i e n t ' s d i p l o m a t i c r i g h t s
w e r e v i o l a t e d a n d t h e r e w a s a v i o l a t i o n o f t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f
i n t e r n a t i o n a l l a w . "
A s t h e l u n c h e o n w a s n e a r i n g a n e n d , t h e G e n e r a l t o l d u s t h a t
o c c a s i o n a l l y a s p e c i a l t o u r i n T o k y o w a s a r r a n g e d d u r i n g w h i c h
a s m a l l g r o u p w e r e i n v i t e d t o v i s i t t h e E m p e r o r ' s p r i v a t e g a r d e n s
a n d t h a t , o n t h e f o l l o w i n g m o r n i n g , a t o u r w o u l d g a t h e r a t t h e
o u t e r g a t e o f t h e P a l a c e t o b e e s c o r t e d t o t h e P a l a c e a n d w e
w e r e i n v i t e d . W e t h a n k e d t h e G e n e r a l f o r t h i s w o n d e r f u l i n v i -
t a t i o n a n d s a i d t h a t w e w o u l d a r r i v e a t t h e o u t e r g a t e a t t h e
a p p o i n t e d h o u r t o j o i n t h e p a r t y .
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D o r o t h y t h e n t o l d t h e G e n e r a l t h a t w e w e r e g o i n g t o M i y n o -
s h i t a f o r t h r e e d a y s r e s t t h e f o l l o w i n g d a y . W e h a d e n j o y e d t h e
F u j i y a H o t e l t h e r e v e r y m u c h , h a v i n g b e e n t h e r e f o r s e v e r a l d a y s
i n 1 9 3 9 . T h e G e n e r a l r e p l i e d t h a t t h e F u j i y a w a s a g r e a t ho l i d a y
f a v o r i t e f o r J e a n a n d A r t h u r a n d t h e y l o o k e d f o r w a r d t o t h a t
e s c a p e f r o m t h e c i t y w h e n e v e r p o s s i b l e .
A s w e t o l d t h e G e n e r a l o f o u r d e e p a p p r e c i a t i o n f o r h i s
h o s p i t a l i t y , h e s a i d t h a t J e a n a n d A r t h u r w o u l d s h o w u s t h e
Embassy gardens and the pool, where Arthur would show
J o s e p h T i m o t h y h o w t o r o w a b o a t . H e t h e n l e f t u s t o t a k e h i s
a f t e r n o o n n a p a n d J e a n t o o k u s o u t t o t h e g a r d e n s w h e r e w e
s t r o l l e d a n d t h e n s a t n e a r t h e p o o l w h i l e t h e b o y s r o w e d a n d
v i s i t e d .
T h a t a f t e r n o o n i n t h e s e c l u d e d E m b a s s y ga r d e n s w a s d e l i g h t -
f u l . J e a n M a c A r t h u r t o l d u s a n i n t e r e s t i n g , v e r y h u m a n s t o r y .
J e a n s a i d t h a t , w h e n t h e y e s c a p e d f r o m C o r r e g i d o r , t h e y h a d
t a k e n w i t h t h e m a n a m a h , a C h i n e s e m a i d , t o c a r e f o r A r t h u r .
She was a small young Chinese woman, named Au Cheu who
had b ecome part of the MacArthur family in Manila . T h e
G e n e r a l , r e a l i z i n g t h a t s h e w o u l d b e k i l l e d i f s h e w e r e l e f t
b e h i n d , i n c l u d e d h e r i n t h e P T b o a t e s c a p e f r o m C o r r e g i d o r
p l a n s . J e a n s a i d s h e w a s a g r e a t b l e s s i n g ; s h e c a r e d f o r l i t t l e
A r t h u r a n d a l s o h e l p e d h e r i n c a r i n g f o r t h e G e n e r a l o n t h e
P T b o a t b e c a u s e h e f r e q u e n t l y b e c a m e s e a s i c k . S o s h e w a s m o s t
h e l p f u l o n t h a t p e r i l o u s l o n g r i p f r o m C o r r e g i d o r , f i r s t b y P T
b o a t a n d t h e n b y a i r f o r c e p l a n e i n t o A u s t r a l i a . Au Cheu had
t h e n c o n t i n u e d w i t h t h e m f r o m A u s t r a l i a t h r o u g h t h e S o u t h
P a c i f i c i s l a n d s , b a c k t o M a n i l a a n d f i n a l l y t o J a p a n , w h e r e s h e
c o n t i n u e d t o l i v e w i t h t h e f a m i l y a t t h e E m b a s s y .
J e a n w e n t o n t o s a y t h a t , a b o u t t w o y e a r s a f t e r t h e i r a r r i v a l i n
J a p a n , A u C h e u c a m e t o h e r o n e d a y a n d s a i d t h a t s h e w a n t e d
v e r y m u c h t o m a k e o n e l a s t t r i p h o m e t o m a i n l a n d C h i n a b e f o r e
s h e d i e d . S h e h o p e d t o s e e h e r f a m i l y t h e r e a g a i n . S o on t ha t t ri p
w a s a r r a n g e d , a n d i t w a s m a d e p o s s i b l e f o r A u C h e u t o l e a v e
J a p a n a n d v i s i t h e r f a m i l y i n C a n t o n , s o m e d i s t a n c e f r o m H o n g
Kong .
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A f t e r w e e k s i n C a n t o n , s h e r e t u r n e d t o H o n g K o n g a n d a p p l i e d
f o r a t i c k e t t o J a p a n a t t h e P a n A m e r i c a n o f f i c e . A u C h e u w a s t o l d
t h a t s h e c o u l d n o t g o t o J a p a n , t h a t t h e r e w e r e m i l i t a r y r e g u l a t i o n s ,
t h a t t h o u sa n d s o f p e o p l e m a d e s u c h r e q u e s t s a n d a l l w e r e r e j e c t e d .
W h e n s h e i n s i s t e d t h a t s h e m u st r e t u r n t o j o i n h e r f a m i l y i n J a p a n ,
t h e y t o l d h e r a b s o l u t e l y n o t , b u t s h e c o n t i n u e d t o d e m a n d a t i c k e t
t o r e t u r n t o J a p a n . S h e f i n a l l y a s k e d P a n A m t o s e n d a m e s s a g e t o
G e n e r a l D o u g l a s M a c A r t h u r , a s k i n g f o r a n e n t r y p e r m i t . T h e y
i n f o r m e d h e r i t w o u l d b e u s e l e s s t o s e n d s u c h a m e s sa g e t o G e n e r a l
D o u g l a s M a c A r t h u r , w h o w a s a v e r y b u s y m a n , b u t s h e k e p t
i n s i s t i n g t h a t G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r a n d M r s . MacArthur both
w a n t e d h e r b a c k . T o a p p e a s e h e r a n d g e t r i d o f t h e n u i s a n c e o f h e r
v i s i t s , t h e m e s s a g e w a s f i n a l l y s e n t . T h e y a g r e e d t o s e n d t h e
m e s s a g e o n l y i f s h e w o u l d p a y f o r i t , w h i c h s h e d i d .
T h e f o l l o w i n g d a y , P a n A m e r i c a n r e c e i v e d a s p e c i a l m e s s a g e
f r o m G H Q i n T o k y o f r o m t h e o f f i c e o f t h e S u p r e m e C o m m a n d e r
s i g n e d b y G e n e r a l D o u g l a s M a c A r t h u r a u t h o r i z i n g A u C h e u t o
e n t e r J a p a n . T h e t i c k e t w a s i s s u e d a n d s h e l e f t H o n g K o n g
i m m e d i a t e l y . M r s . M a c A r t h u r h a d c o n t a c t e d P a n A m e r i c a n a n d
t h e y i n f o r m e d h e r o f t h e f l i g h t n u m b e r a n d t h e t i m e t h e p l a n e w a s
t o a r r i v e a t H a n e d a . W h e n A u C h e u a r r i v e d a t t h e a i r p o r t a n d
c a m e d o w n t h e r a m p , J e a n a n d C o l o n e l H u f f g r e e t e d h e r o n h e r
s a f e r e t u r n h o m e . J e a n e n j o y e d t e l l i n g t h i s s t o r y b e c a u s e A u C h e u
h a d f i n a l l y c o n v i n c e d P a n A m e r i c a n a t H o n g K o n g t h a t s h e w a s a
p a r t o f t h e M a c A r t h u r f a m i l y a n d w a s r e a l l y r e t u r n i n g h o m e
a g a i n .
D u r i n g t h e a f t e r n o o n v i s i t o n t h e l a w n , a t a l l , c h a r m i n g , f r a i l
l a d y a p p e a r e d . S h e w a s i n t r o d u c e d b y J e a n t o D o r o t h y a s M i ss
P h y l l i s G i b b s o n s , a f f e c t i o n a t e l y k n o w n a s " G i b b y , " p a r t o f t h e
M a c A r t h u r h o u s e h o l d a s t h e t e a c h e r a n d t u t o r f o r y o u n g A r t h u r .
T h e n , a s t h e y s a t i n t h e a f t e r n o o n s u n s h i n e , G i b b y t o l d t h e
f o l l o w i n g s t o r y . W h e n t h e s i e g e o f M a n i l a t o o k p l a c e i n 1 9 4 1
f o l l o w i n g P e a r l H a r b o r , t h e J a p a n e s e m i l i t a r y r o u n d e d u p a l l
w o m e n f o r e i g n e r s i n t h e a r e a . T h e y w e r e t h e n p l a c e d i n S a n
T o m a s , a h i g h - w a l l e d p r i s o n c o m p o u n d . M i s s G i b b s o n s , t h e n a
B r i t i s h t e a c h e r i n t h e P h i l i p p i n e s , w a s o n e o f t h e p r i s o n e r s i n S a n
Tomas . S h e a n d t h e o t h e r w o m e n p r i s o n e r s s u f f e r d g r e a t p r i v a -
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i n j e c t m y a p o l o g y f o r t h a t r e q u e s t , t h e t r a i n e r c o r r e c t l y r e p l i e d ,
" S o n , n o o n e i s p e r m i t t e d t o m o u n t t h e E m p e r o r ' s h o r s e e x c e p t
H i s M a j e s t y t h e E m p e r o r a n d t h e r o y a l t r a i n e r . " I a p o l o g i z e d
f o r m y s o n ; t h e t r a i n e r s m i l e d a n d r e p l i e d , " O t h e r y o u n g g u e st s
i n t h e p a s t h a v e m a d e t h e s a m e r e q u e s t , s o i t i s n o t a n e n t i r e l y
n e w w i s h f r o m a y o u n g p e r s o n . " W e a l l s m i l e d , t o o , a n d f i n i s h e d
t h e t o ur o f t h e r e g a l s t a bl e s i n h i g h s p i r i t s .
W e t h e n w e n t t o n u m e r o u s o t h e r b u i l d i n g s , i n c l u d i n g t h e
E m p e r o r ' s b o t a n i c a l l a b o r a t o r y . A f t e r w a l k i n g s o m e d i s t a n c e ,
w e f i n a l l y r e a c h e d t h e i n n e r g a t e a n d t h e n t h e o u t e r g a t e , w h e r e
h u g e s t o n e s l i n e d t h e m o a t a n d s e p a r a t e d t h e p a l a c e g r o u n d s
f r o m t h e s t r e e t . I n t h a t l a r g e a r e a , t h e J a p a n e s e p e o p l e w o u l d
l i n g e r a n d b e h o l d t h e i r E m p e r o r ' s p a l a c e i n t h e f a r d i s t a n c e .
We returned to the Imperial Hotel somewhat weary and
e n r i c h e d b y s o m e n e w , u n u s u a l m e m o r i e s . T h a t n i g h t , I r e c e i v e d
a c a l l f r o m C o l o n e l H u f f a s k i n g a b o u t o u r t o u r o f t h e E m p e r o r ' s
p a l a c e g r o u n d s . H e t h e n a s k e d m e t o c a l l h i m o n o u r r e t u r n
f r o m t h e F u j i y a H o t e l i n M i y a n o s h i t a s o t h a t w e c o u l d a l l d i n e
t o g e t h e r a t h i s h o u s e b e f o r e w e d e p a r t e d . H e t h e n p r o m i se d t o
have a real J apanese Kobe beef dinner with sake when we
r e t u r n e d . We then took the famous dream train the next
m o r n i n g f r o m T o k y o t o Y a m a t o , w h e r e w e e n g a g e d a t a x i c a b t o
d r i v e us t o t h e F u j i y a H o t e l . W e w e r e m e t a t t h e h o t e l b y Y u j i
Y a m a g u c h i , t h e g r a c i o u s a n d h o s p i t a b l e y o u t h f u l m a n a n g e r .
After three grand day s there, where we each had many
p l e a s a n t e x p e r i e n c e s a n d m e m o r i e s o f y e a r s a g o , w e r e t u r n e d t o
T o k y o , r e g i s t e r e d a t t h e I m p e r i a l H o t e l a n d i n f o r m e d C o l o n e l
H u f f o f o u r r e t u r n . H e r e q u e s t e d u s t o t a k e a c a b a t m i d a f t e r -
noon directly to the Embassy compound f or cocktails and
d i n n e r . W e a r r i v e d a t t h e E m b a s s y i n t h e m i d d l e o f t h e a f t e r -
noon . O n l y h e a v e n t h e n k n e w w h a t w a s t o t a k e p l a c e i n l e s s
t h a n a n h o u r .
W e t o o k a t a x i c a b a t t h e I m p e r i a l H o t e l a n d i n s t r u c t e d t h e
d r i v e r t o t a k e u s t o t h e A m e r i c a n E m b a s s y . T he American
m i l i t a r y g u a r d s a t t h e E m b a s s y g a t e h a d p r e v i o u s l y b e e n i n -
f o r m e d t h a t w e w e r e t o a r r i v e t o s e e C o l o n o l H u f f . A s w e d r o v e
t o h i s r e s i d e n c e a n d a l i g h t e d f r o m t h e t a x i , K e i r a H u f f w a s
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d e r a n d l e a d e r o f t h e U N f o r c e s su m m a r i l y d i s m i s s e d , a n y t h i n g
c o u l d t a k e p l a c e .
I c a l l e d P a n A m e r i c a n A i r w a y s a n d t o l d t h e m t h a t I w a s a
c h a r t e r C l i p p e r C l u b m e m b e r a n d t h a t i t w a s c r u c i a l t h a t I f l y
o n t h e e a r l i e s t p o s s i b l e f l i g h t f r o m H a n e d a t o H o n o l u l u . F o r t u -
n a t e l y , t h e y w e r e a b l e t o c o n f i r m a t o n c e t h r e e s e a t s f o r u s o n
t h e i r f l i g ht l e a v i n g T o k y o t h e n e x t d a y i n t h e e a r l y a f t e r n o o n f o r
H a w a i i .
T h e f o l l o w i n g d a y , i n m i d m o r n i n g , w e t o o k a c a b t o t h e
a i r p o r t , a r r i v i n g s o m e h ou r s b e f o r e o u r d e p a r t u r e . M y s o n a n d I
s t r o l l e d o v e r t o t h e h a n g a r w h e r e t h e G e n e r a l ' s f o u r - m o t o r
p r i v a t e S u p e r G C o n s t e l l a t i o n w a s p o i s e d , g u a r d e d n i g h t a n d
d a y b y a r m e d A m e r i c a n s o l d i e r s . W h e n w e t o l d t h e g u a r d s w h o
w e w e r e , f r i e n d s o f Ge n e r a l D o u g l a s M a c A r t h u r , a n d r e l a t e d t o
t h e m w h a t h a d h a p p e n e d t h e d a y b e f o r e a t t h e E m b a s s y , t h e y
w e r e m o s t c o r d i a l a n d v o i c e d t h e i r p r a i s e s o f t h e G e n e r a l . T h e y
t h e n s t a t e d i n u n m e n t i o n a b l e a r m y w o r d s t h e i r o p i n i o n o f H a r r y
Truman . W e f e l t l i k e w i s e .
W h e n I s a w b o t h s i d e s o f t h e f r o n t o f t h e G e n e r a l ' s p l a n e w i t h
the initials SCAP for Supreme Commander Allied Powers,
I i m m e d i a t e l y c a l l e d C o l o n e l H u f f a t h i s r e s i d e n c e a n d t o l d h i m
I w a s c a l l i n g f r o m H a n e d a a i r p o r t , v e r y c l o s e t o w h e r e t h e
G e n e r a l ' s p l a n e w a s k e p t , a n d t h a t I h a d j u s t s e e n t h e p l a n e i n
t h e h a n g a r p a i n t e d w i t h t h e l e t t e r s S C A P a n d t h a t t h e y m i g h t
w i s h t o t a k e s o m e a c t i o n o r m a k e a c h a n g e b e f o r e l e a v i n g
Japan . H e a s k e d m e f o r t h e t e l e p h o n e n u m b e r f r o m w h i c h I w a s
c a l l i n g a n d s a i d h e w o u l d g e t b a c k t o m e s h o r t l y . C o l o n e l H u f f
s o o n c a l l e d b a c k a n d s a i d t h a t h e h a d j u s t t a l k e d t o t h e G e n e r a l
a n d t h a n k e d m e f o r a l e r t i n g t h e m t o t h i s s i t u a t i o n . H e t h e n s a i d
t h a t t h e y w e r e a t o n c e o r d e r i n g a n a r m y S i g n a l C o r p s d e t a c h -
m e n t t o c h a n g e i m m e d a t e l y t h e d e s i g n a t i o n o f t h e G e n e r a l ' s
private plane from "SCAP" to the word "Bataan . " H e c o n -
veyed to us the General's own thanks for the report and
s u g g e s t i o n .
D u r i n g o u r w a i t a t t h e a i r p o r t , a n u m b e r o f r e p o r t e r s w e r e
a r r i v i n g , m i l l i n g a r o u n d w i t h t h e i r c a m e r a s a n d t a l k i n g w i t h
e x c i t e m e n t a b o u t t h e i m p e n d i n g m o m e n t o u s a r r i v a l o f a p l a n e
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General and Mrs . D o u g l a s M a c A r t h u r a n d S o n a t t h e i r a r r i v a l i n S a n
F r a n c i sc o , 1 9 5 1 .
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s e t t l e d i s p u t e s b e t w e e n n a t i o n s . F r o m t h e v e r y s t a r t ,
w o r k a b l e m e t h o d s w e r e f o u n d i n s o f a r a s i n d i v i d u a l
c i t i z e n s w e r e c o n c e r n e d , b u t t h e m e c h a n i cs o f a n i n s t r u -
m e n t a l i t y o f l a r g e r i n t e r n a t i o n a l s c o p e ha v e n e v e r b e e n
s u c c e s s f u l . M i l i t a r y a l l i a n c e s , b a l a n c e s o f p o w e r ,
l e a g u e s o f n a t i o n s, a l l i n t u r n f a i l e d , l e a v i n g t h e o n l y
p a t h t o b e b y w a y o f t h e c r u c i b l e o f w a r . T h e u t t e r
d e s t r u c t i v e n e s s o f w a r n o w b l o t s o u t t h i s a l t e r n a t i v e .
W e h a v e h a d o u r l a s t c h a n c e . I f w e w i l l n o t d e v i s e
s o m e g r e a t e r a n d m o r e e q u i t a b l e s y s t e m , A r m a g e d d o n
w i l l b e a t o u r d o o r . T h e p r o b l e m b a si c a l l y i s t h e o -
l o g i c a l a n d i n v o l v e s a s p i r i t u a l r e c r u d e s c e n c e a n d i m -
p r o v e m e n t o f h u m a n c h a r a c t e r t h a t w i l l s y n c h r o n i z e
w i t h o u r a l m o s t m a t c h l e s s a d v a n c e s i n s c i e n c e , a r t ,
l i t e r a t u r e , a n d a l l m a t e r i a l a n d c u l t u r a l d e v e l o p m e n t s
o f t h e p a st 2 , 0 0 0 y e a r s . I t m u s t b e o f t h e s p i r i t i f w e a r e
t o s a v e t h e f l e s h . '
" B u t o n c e w a r i s f o r c e d u p o n u s , t h e r e i s n o o t h e r a l t e r n a t i v e
t h a n t o a p p l y e v e r y a v a i l a b l e m e a n s t o b r i n g i t t o a s w i f t e n d .
W a r ' s v e r y o b j e c t i s v i c t o r y - n o t p r o l o n ge d i n d e c i s i o n s . I n
w a r , i n d e e d , t h e r e c a n b e n o s u b s t i t u t e f o r v i c t or y .
" T h e r e a r e s o m e w h o f o r v a r y i n g r e a s o n s w o u l d a p p e a s e R e d
China . T h e y a r e b l i n d t o h i s t o r y ' s c l e a r l e s s o n ; f o r h i s t o r y
t e a c h e s w i t h u n m i s t a k a b l e e m p h a s i s t h a t a p p e a s e m e n t b u t b e -
g e t s n e w a n d b l o o d i e r w a r . I t p o i n t s t o n o s i n g l e i n s t a n c e w h e r e
t h e e n d h a s j u s t i f i e d t h a t m e a n s - w h e r e a p p e a s e m e n t h a s l e d
t o m o r e t h a n a s h a m p e a c e . L i k e b l a c k m a i l , i t l a y s t h e b a s i s f o r
n e w a n d s u c c e s s i v e l y g r e a t e r d e m a n d s , u n t i l , a s i n b l a c k m a i l ,
v i o l e n c e b e c o m e s t h e o n l y o t h e r a l t e r n a t i v e .
" W h y , m y s o l d i e r s a s k e d o f m e , s u r r e n d e r m i l i t a r y a d v a n t a g e s
t o a n e n e m y i n t h e f i e l d ? I c o u l d n o t a n s w e r . S o m e m a y s a y t o
a v o i d s p r e a d o f t h e c o n f l i c t i n t o a n a l l - o u t w a r w i t h C h i n a ;
o t h e r s , t o a v o i d S o v i e t i n t e r v e n t i o n . N e i t h e r e x p l a n a t i o n s e e m s
v a l i d . F o r C h i n a i s a l r e a d y e n g a g i n g w i t h t h e m a x i m u m p o w e r
i t c a n c o m m i t a n d t h e S o v i e t w i l l n e c e s s a r i l y m e s h i t s a c t i o n
w i t h o u r m o v e s . L i k e a c o b r a , a n y n e w e n e m y w i l l m o r e l i k e l y s t r i k e
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General Wainwright had no choice then but to wait f or
c a p t u r e . W h e n t h e J a p a n e s e f o r c e s a r r i v e d a n d , a f t e r s e a r c h i n g
t h e i s l a n d , d e c i d e d t h a t t h e g r e a t m i l i t a r y p r i z e , G e n e r a l
M a c A r t h u r , h a d g o n e , t h e y w e r e s h o c k e d a n d d i s m a y e d , y e t
t h e y c o n t i n u e d t h e i r s e a r c h b e c a u s e t h e y d i d n o t b e l i e v e t h a t
G n e r a l M a c A r t h u r h a d s u c c e s s f u l l y e s c a p e d t h e i r n e t .
H i s t o r y h a s r e c o r d e d G e n e r a l W a i n w r i g h t ' s c a p t u r e a n d s u r r e n -
d e r a n d h i s i m p r i s o n m e n t b y t h e J a p a n e s e . I n A u g u s t 1 9 4 5 ,
w h e n t h e J a p a n e s e s u r r e n d e r t o o k p l a c e , G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r
a n d G e n e r a l W a i n w r i g h t m e t , e m b r a c e d a n d w e p t , i n t h e G r a n d
Hotel in Yokohama . W a i n w r i g h t e x l a i m e d t o M a c A r t h u r , " Y o u
k e p t y o u r p r o m i s e , y o u h a v e r e t u r n e d . " W h e n l i b e r a t e d f r o m t h e
J a p a n e s e p r i s o n , G e n e r a l W a i n w r i g h t h a d l o s t s o m u c h w e i g h t
i n h i s t h r e e y e a r s o f c a p t i v i t y t h a t h i s f r i e n d s s o o n g a v e h i m t h e
a f f e c t i o n a t e n i c k n a m e o f " S k i n n y . "
W h e n t h e R e p u b l i c a n N a t i o n a l C o n v e n t i o n m e t i n 1 9 4 8 , i n
P h i l a d e l p h i a t o n o m i n a t e i t s P r e s i d e n t i a l C a n d i d a t e , t h e
M a c A r t h u r f or P r e s i d e n t N a t i o n a l C o m m i t t e e i n v i t e d a n d u r g e d
G e n e r a l W a i n w r i g h t t o a t t e n d t h e c o n v e n t i o n t o a d d h i s i n f l u -
e n c e t o t h e M a c A r t h u r c r u s a d e b e c a u s e o f h i s n a t i o n a l s t a t u r e
a s t h e h e r o o f C o r r e g i d o r , h i s c o n t i n u e d a v o w e d a f f e c t i o n f o r
G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r a n d h i s o u t s p o k e n a d m i r a t i o n f o r G e n e r a l
M a c A r t h u r ' s i n g e n i o u s , p r o v e n l e a d e r s h i p .
General Wainwright had returned to his home in Texas .
W h e n h e a c c e p t e d o u r i n v i t a t i o n a n d a g r e e d t o m e e t u s i n
P h i l a d e l p h i a f o r t h e c o n v e n t i o n , I w r o t e a l e t t e r t o h i m a t o n c e
e x p r e s s i n g o u r a p p r e c i a t i o n f o r h i s c o m i n g t o t h e c o n v e n t i o n .
I n m y l e t t e r , I r e f e r r e d t o m y 1 9 4 7 v i s i t w i t h G e n e r a l M a c A r t h ur
i n T o k y o a n d s p o k e o f m y d e s i r e t o m e e t h i m p e r s o n a l l y i n
P h i l a d e l p h i a . T h e r e f o l l o w d a t o n c e a c o r d i a l l e t t e r f r o m t h e
G e n e r a l u r g i n g m e t o c a l l h i m a t t h e A d e l p h i a H o t e l a s s o o n a s
I a r r i v e d .
G e n e r a l W a i n w r i g h t w a s v e r y p o p u l a r a t t h e c o n v e n t i o n . I
h a d t h e p l e a s u r e o f a l o n g v i s i t i n h i s s u i t e . H i s e n t h u s i a s m f o r
General MacArthur and his aff ection for Jean were over-
whelming . D u r i n g t h a t v i s i t , h e p r e s e n t e d m e w i t h a n a u t o -
g r a p h e d c o p y o f h i s s t a t e m e n t a b o u t t o b e r e l e a s e d t o t h e p r e s s
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I h a v e n o w a y o f k n o w i n g w h e t h e r t h e G e n e r a l a t t h a t t i m e
t o l d H . L . H u n t o f h i s e a r l y c l o s e p e r s o n a l f a m i l y r e l a t i o n s h i p
w i t h t h e T a f t f a m i l y , w h i c h s t a r t e d b a c k i n M a n i l a a t t h e t u r n o f
t h e c e n t u r y , a n d o f h i s l i f e l o n g f r i e n d s h i p w i t h B o b T a f t a n d t h e
T a f t f a m i l y .
A p p a r e n t l y i t w a s a l o n g f r i e n d l y v i s i t t h a t H u n t h a d w i t h t h e
G e n e r a l b u t , w h e n h e c a m e d o w n t o u s i n t h e l o b b y , h e c o u l d
n o t r e p o r t a n y e n c o u r a g e m e n t b e c a u s e T a f t w a s s t i l l i n t h e
r u n n i n g . N e v e r t h e l e s s , o u r c o m m i t t e e c o n t i n u e d t o h o p e a n d t o
campaign . R o b e r t H a r r i s s , a w e a l t h y c o t t o n f a r m e r f r o m T e x a s ,
w h o w a s a n e n t h u s i a s t i c M a c A r t h u r s u p p o r t e r , w a s a l s o p r e s e n t .
T h e M a c A r t h u r c a m p a i g n r e c e i v e d s u p p o r t f r o m n e w s p a p e r
g i a n t W i l l i a m R a n d o l p h H e a r s t , w h o r e v e r e d t h e G e n e r a l , h i s
personalized Ed itorial "MAN OF THE HOUR" a masterpiece
a n d p r o p h e t i c , a p p e a r s i n t h e A p p e n d i x .
The editorials on the leadership of General MacArthur
p r o v e d t o b e p r o p h e t i c o f a r e a l A m e r i c a n i n o u r n a t i o n i n 1 9 5 2 .
A m e r i c a l o s t a g r e a t c h a n c e t o i m p r o v e o u r g o v e r n m e n t , s t o p
t h e t r a g i c s o c i a l i s t i c t r e n d , r e s t o r e o u r n a t i o n a l l e a d e r s h i p a n d ,
a b o v e a l l , t o r e d e e m t h e s p i r i t u a l i n t e g r i t y o f t h e W h i t e H o u s e
a n d r e s c u e t h e n a t i o n f r o m t h e p o l i t i c a l p r o s t i t u t i o n t h a t h a s
i n v a d e d a n d e x i s t e d i n o u r c o u n t r y s i n c e 1 9 3 2 . O n l y r e c e n t l y d i d
a n e w i n t e g r i t y , a n e w l e a d e r s h i p a n d a n e w d e d i c a t e d A m e r i c a n
s p i r i t r e d e e m t h e W h i t e H o u s e , r e s t o r i n g t h e f a i t h o f m o s t r e a l
A m e r i c a n s i n t h e i r c o u n t r y ' s l e a d e r s h i p .
I n t h e M a c A r t h u r c a m p a i g n m a n y f i n e e x p e r i e n c e s c r o s s e d
m y h o r i z o n . O n o n e o c c a s i o n , w h i l e I w a s v i s i t i n g t h e G e n e r a l ,
h e a s k e d m e i f I w o u l d l i k e t o m e e t P r e s i d e n t H e r b e r t H o o v e r ,
w h o o c c u p i e d a s u i t e o n t h e f l o o r a b o v e . I t o l d t h e G e n e r a l I
w o u l d d e e m i t a g r e a t H o n o r , a s I w a s a l o n g t i m e a d m i r e r o f
P r e s i d e n t H o o v e r , w h e r e u p o n t h e G e n e r a l s t e p p e d t o t h e t e l e -
p h o n e a n d t o l d t h e P r e s i d e n t t h a t o n e o f h i s r e a l a d m i r e r s , a
g o o d R e p u b l i c a n f r o m C a l i f o r n i a , J o s e p h C h o a t e , w a s v i s i t i n g
h i m a n d , i f c o n v e n i e n t , M r . C h o a t e w o u l d l i k e t o c o m e u p a n d
meet him . I w a s s o o n i n t h e T o w e r e l e v a t o r a n d o n m y w a y t o
t h e H o o v e r s u i t e , s e a r c h i n g m y m e m o r y f o r s o m e C a l i f o r n i a
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G e n e r a l ' s p r e j u d i c e w a s f o r t h e Y a n k e e s o r t h e G i a n t s , b u t w h o
c a r e s ? N o t l o n g a f t er I a r r i v e d , h e a s k e d i f I w o u l d c a r e t o j o i n
h i m i n a n h o u r t o a t t e n d t h e W o r l d S e r i e s , w h i c h h e s a i d
p r o m i s e d t o b e a r e c o r d b r e a k e r . I t o l d t h e G e n e r a l I w o u l d b e
t h r i l l e d .
C o l o n e l B u n k e r , w h o w a s w i t h u s , m o n o p o l i z e d t h e c o n v e r s a -
t i o n w i t h t h e f o l l o w i n g i n t r i g u i n g s t o r y . H e s a i d , " J o s e p h, y o u
w i l l b e g r e a t l y i n s p i r e d a t t h e g a m e t o d a y , b e c a u s e a s t h e
G e n e r a l a r r i v e s i n t h e s p e c i a l f l a g - d r a p e d b o x , t h e a n n o u n c e r
w i l l t e l l t h e t h r o n g , ` T o d a y w e h a v e a s p e c i a l b a s e b a l l f a n ,
G e n e r a l D o u g l a s M a c A r t h ur , w h o r i g h t n o w i s e n t e r i n g t h e V I P
b ox . ' T h e n , t h e c r o w d w i l l s t a n d a n d c h e e r a n d t h e b a n d w i l l
b e g i n p l a y i n g t h e W e s t P o i n t c a d e t s o n g ; t h e G e n e r a l w i l l s a l u t e
t h e t h r o n g ; a n d , a f t e r p r o l o n g e d a p p l a u s e , t h e b a n d w i l l s t r i k e
up The Star Sp angled B anner . T h e s t a d i u m b e c o m e s e l e c t r i f i e d
w i t h s o l e m n i t y a s s o m e p r o m i n e n t p e r s o n a g e s i n g s t h e n a t i o n a l
anthem . T h e g a m e t h e n g e t s u n d e r w a y . "
Colonel Bunker added : "When President Hoover accom-
p a n i e s t h e G e n e r a l t o t h e g a m e , t h e a n n o u n c e r sa y s , ` W e h a v e
t w o v e r y h o n o r e d g u e st s , P r e s i d e n t H e r b e r t H o o v e r a n d G e n e r a l
D o u g l a s M a c A r t h u r , ' a t w h i c h t i m e t h e c r o w d s t a n d s u p a n d
g o e s w i l d w i t h e n t h u s i a sm . T h e b a n d t h e n s t a r t s p l a y i n g , f i r s t ,
H a i l t o t h e C h i e f , f o l l o w e d b y t h e W e s t P o i n t c a d e t s o n g , a n d
t h e n s o m e p r o m i n e n t s i n g e r s i n g s The Star Spangled Banner .
O f t e n K a t e S m i t h i n s p i r e s t h e c r o w d w i t h God B l e s s A m e r i c a ,
w h i c h c a p t i v a t e s t h e a u d i e n c e . T h e n t h e g a m e i s u n d e r w a y . " I
t o l d L a r r y B u n k e r I t r u l y a p p r e c i a t e d t h e r e s u m e o f w h a t w a s t o
t a k e p l a c e .
A s w e w e r e l e a v i n g f o r t h e g a m e , a m e s s e n g e r a p p e a r e d a t t h e
d o o r , w i t h a m e s s a g e f o r t h e G e n e r a l . W h e n t h e G e n e r a l r e a d i t ,
h e p a u s e d a n d e x c l a i m e d , " T h e M a c A r t h u r f a m i l y i s u s e d t o
c r i s i e s a n d e m e r g e n c i e s , " a n d t h e n a d d e d , " M y p l a n s a r e u r a s t i -
c a l l y c h a n g e d . "
A t o n c e , I s e n s e d t h e u r g e n c y o f t h e s i t u a t i o n , a n d t o l d t h e
G e n e r a l I h o p e d t h a t a t s o m e f u t u r e t i m e w e c o u l d s e e a g a m e
t o g e t h e r . H e e x t e n d e d h i s h a n d a n d I t o o k m y l e a v e . E v e r y o n e
a p p e a r e d s a d d e n e d .
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" O n t h e e v e o f m y d e p a r t u r e , " h e s a i d , " i m m e d i a t e l y a f t e r
d a r k , a g e n t l e m a n k n o c k e d a t m y d o o r a n d s t a t e d t h a t h e w a s
o n a n i m p o r t a n t m i s s i o n . H e t h e n a s k e d m e t o p l e a s e a c c o m -
p a n y h i m t o t h e h o u s e o f a G o v e r n m e n t o f f i c i a l f o r c o n s u l t a -
t i o n . I n t o t a l d a r k n e s s , w e a r r i v e d o n f o o t a t t h e e n t r a n c e o f a
p a l a t i a l , h i g h - w a l l e d e s t a t e . W e w e r e e s c o r t e d i n s i d e t h e r e s i -
d e n c e , w h e r e I w a s p e r s o n a l l y g r e e t e d b y a l o n g - t i m e f r i e n d ,
H o n o r a b l e P r i n c e K e n o y e , t h e C h a i r m a n o f t h e J a p a n e s e c a b i -
n e t , w h o t o o k m e i n t o a l a r g e c o n f e r e n c e r o o m , i n c o m p l e t e
d a r k n e s s , a n d t h e n , i n t u r n , i n t r o d u c e d m e t o e a c h o f t h e o t h e r
m e m b e r s o f t h e I m p e r i c a l C a b i n e t , a l l o f w h o m I h a d k n o w n
p e r s o n a l l y f o r m a n y y e a r s .
" P r i n c e K e n o y e t h e n s t a t e d t h a t I h a d b e e n i n v i t e d t o t h i s
c o n f e r e n c e t o r e q u e s t m e t o p e r f o r m a h i g h l y i m p o r t a n t , s e c r e t
m i s s i o n f o r H i s M a j e s t y , t h e E m p e r o r , a n d h i s G o v e r n m e n t , t o
c o n v e y o n l y t o t h e P r e s i d e n t o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s p e r s o n a l l y , a
m e s s a g e f r o m t h e E m p e r o r a n d t h e C a b i n e t o f J a p a n . "
M i n i s t e r B a g g e t o l d t h e m t h a t h e d e e p l y a p p r e c i a t e d t h e
s o l e m n i t y a n d u r g e n c y o f t h e m i s s i o n a n d t h a t h e w o u l d b e
h o n o r e d t o d e l i v e r t h e i r m e s s a g e t o t h e P r e s i d e n t o f t h e U n i t e d
S t a t e s , t h r o u g h h i s S w e d i s h F o r e i g n M i n i s t e r a t S t o c k h o l m a s
s o o n a s p o s s i b l e a f t e r h i s a r r i v a l i n S w e d e n .
H e t o l d m e t h a t P r i n c e K e n o y e t h e n i n s t r u c t e d t h a t h e b e
e s c o r t e d i n t o a n a d j o i n i n g d a r k r o o m a n d s a i d t h a t h e w o u l d b e
h a n d e d a m e s s a g e . A f t e r t h e e s c o r t l e f t t h e r o o m a n d t h e d o o r
w a s c l o s e d , t h e l i g h t w o u l d b e t u r n e d o n ; a n d h e w a s t h e n t o
r e a d a n d r e - r e a d t h e m e s s a g e f i v e t i m e s ; a n d , i f p o s s i b l e , t o
m e m o r i z e i t . T h a t w h e n h e h a d f u l l k n o w l e d g e o f t h e w r i t t e n
m e s s a g e , t h e l i g h t w o u l d b e e x t i n g u i s h e d ; a n d h e w o u l d t h e n b e
r e t u r n e d t o t h e C a b i n e t r o o m .
M i n i s t e r B a g g e , r e p o r t e d t h a t h e f o l l o w e d t h e g i v e n i n s t r u c -
t i o n s c a r e f u l l y a n d a s s u r e d t h e C a b i n e t t h a t h e h a d a f u l l
r e c o l l e c t i o n o f t h e m e s s a g e ; a n d t h a t h e w o u l d f o l l o w t h e i r
i n s t r u c t i o n s t o t h e l e t t e r , a s soon a s h e a r r i v e d i n S t o c k h o l m . H e
a s s u r e d t h e m t h a t h e w o u l d g i v e t h e i r m e s s a g e t o h i s F o r e i g n
M i n i s t e r t o b e d i s p a t c h e d a s a h i g h l y s e c r e t m e s s a g e t o t h e
P r e s i d e n t o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s a t t h e W h i t e H o u s e f o r h i s
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Mrs . D o r o t h y C h o a t e , a t t h e K o a l a B e a r S a n c t u a r y i n B r i s b a n e , A u s t r a l i a
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The Source Of The General's Power
Conclusion
IN THIS CLOSING CHAPTER, I w i s h t o r e v e a l t h e s e c r e t s o u r c e
o f G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r ' s p o w e r , h i s g e n i u s a n d h i s s t a t e s m a n s h i p
a n d t h e v e r y e s s e n c e o f h i s w o n d e r f u l q u a l i t i e s o f l e a d e r s h i p .
I n r e t r o s p e c t , d u r i n g o u r Ma c A r t h u r P r e s i d e n t i a l c a m p a i g n ,
f o r m e , a m o s t m a g n i f i c e n t e x p e r i e n c e t o o k p l a c e . A G e n t l e m a n
c a l l e d a t m y o f f i c e o n e d a y a n d i n t r o d u c e d h i m s e l f a s a r e s i d e n t
o n t h e Ea s t C o a s t ( r e g re t f u l l y , I d o n o t n o w r e c a l l hi s n a m e ) . H e
w a s a g r e a t a d m i r e r o f G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r a n d s a i d t h a t h e h a d
h e a r d m u c h a b o u t t h e M a c A r t h u r f o r P r e s i d e n t c a m p a i g n i n
C a l i f o r n i a a n d t h a t h e w i s h e d t o m e e t t h i s m a n C h o a t e a n d
w i s h e d t o p r e s e n t t o h i m a g i f t a n d a s p e c i a l s t o r y a b o u t G e n e r a l
M a c A r t h u r , w h e r e u p o n h e t o l d m e t h e f o l l o w i n g m o v i n g s t o r y .
H e s a i d t h a t t h e f a m o u s p a i n t e r a n d a r t i s t H o w a r d C h a n d l e r
C h r i s t y , o f N e w Y o r k , w a s h i s l i f e l o n g f r i e n d a n d t h a t o n l y
r e c e n t l y C h r i s t y h a d s p o k e n t o h i m o f D o u g l a s M a c A r t h u r ,
w h o m C h r i s t y s a i d h e h a d k n o w n s i n c e W o r l d W a r I w h e n t h e y
f i r s t m e t i n F r a n c e . T h e y h a d d e v e l o p e d a w a r m f r i e n d s h i p t h a t
c o n t i n u e d t h r o u g h t h e y e a r s . C h r i s t y t h e n t o l d h i m t h a t , i n
W o r l d W a r I , t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s A r m y h a d e n g a g e d h i m t o p a i n t
a s e r i e s o f p a t r i o t i c p a i n t i n g s f o r p o s t e r s t o i n s p i r e t h e p e o p l e
a n d t h e t r o o p s i n t h e w a r e f f o r t . T h e r e a f t e r , t h e C h r i s t y p o s t e r s
w e r e t o b e s e e n a l l o v e r t h e n a t i o n a n d i n E u r o p e a n d t h e y w e r e
r e a l m o r a l e s p i r i t b u i l d e r s .
T h a t i n 1 9 4 2 , w h e n M a c A r t h u r m i r a c u l o u s l y e s c a p e d f r o m
C o r r e g i d o r a n d f i n a l l y r e a c h e d A u s t r a l i a , t h e G e n e r a l f o u n d t h e
p e o p l e t h e r e i n a s t a t e o f d e s p a i r . T h e m o r a l e o f t h e t r o o p s o f
A u s t r a l i a a n d N e w Z e a l a n d w a s a t a d a n g e r o u s , d e s p e r a t e l o w
e b b a n d , s e e i n g t h i s d e m o r a l i z i n g c o n d i t i o n o f t h e c o u n t r y a n d
t h e t r o o p s M a c A r t h u r d e c i d e d t h a t h e m u s t a t o n c e b o l s t e r t h e
- 9 3 -
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A d d e n d u m
THIS ADDENDUM CONTAINS MEMORABILIA o f t h e l a t e
C o l o n e l L a w r e n c e B u n k e r .
T h e f o l l o w i n g h i s t o r i c i n v a l u a b l e p h o t o g r a p h s c a m e t o t h e
Author through the great kindness of Miriam Hawthorne
B u n k e r , o f M a s s a c hu s e t t s , s i s t e r o f t h e l a t e C o l o n e l B u n k e r .
C o l o n e l B u n k e r , w i t h u n u s u a l a b i l i t y , d e v o t i o n a n d l o y a l t y
s e r v e d a s t h e A i d e d e C a m p a n d t h e p e r s o n a l S e c r e t a r y t o
G e n e r a l D o u g l a s M a c A r t h u r f r o m a b o u t 1 9 4 5 t o 1 9 5 1 , w h e n t h e
G e n e r a l w a s a c t i n g a s t h e S u p r e m e C o m m a n d e r f o r t h e A l l i e d
P o w e r s i n t h e p o s t w a r a d m i n i s t r a t i o n a n d r e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f
J a p a n , a n d w e r e t a k e n d u r i n g t h e p e r i o d w h e n t h e A u t h o r o n
s e v e r a l o c c a s i o n s v i s i t e d G e n e r a l a n d M r s . MacArthur in
Tokyo .
P l e a s e n o t e : The following photographs were taken by the
United States Army Signal Corps .
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COLONEL LAWRENCE BUNKERA i d e d e C a m p , a n d P e r s o n a l S e c r e t a r y t o G e n e r a l D o u g l a s M a c A r t h ur , a t h i s d e s k ,
during the period when General MacArthur was acting as the Supreme
C o m m a n d e r f o r t h e A l l i e d P o w e r s , i n J a p a n , f r o m 1 9 4 5 t o 1 9 5 1 .
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L a d y J e a n M a c A r t h u r a n d C o l o n e l S i d n e y H u f f , a t t h e H a n e d a A i r F o r c e B a s e i n
T o k y o , a w a i t i n g t h e r e t u r n o f t h e G e n e r a l f r o m K o r e a .
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G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r , w i t h G e n e r a l E . M . A l m o n d , D e p u t y C h i e f o f S t a f f o f t h e
U n i t e d S t a t e s A r m y ; o n t h e r i g h t C o l o n e l B u n k e r ; i n t h e b a c k g r o u n d o n t h e l e f t i s
C o l o n e l S t o r y , G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r ' s P e r s o n a l P i l o t ; a n d o n t he r i g h t ba c k g r o u n d ,
C o l o n e l H u f f , t h e G e n e r a l ' s P e r s o n a l A i d e .
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General MacArthur and his Personal Aide Colonel Bunker, greeting Tracy S .
V o o r h e s s, U n d e r S e c r e t a r y o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s A r m y , s t a n d i n g a t a t t e n t i o n a n d
s a l u t i n g a t t h e p l a y i n g o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s N a t i o n a l A n t h e m .
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General Douglas MacArthur with Ambassador McNutt a n d C olonel
Lawrence Bunker, leaving Headquarters in Japan .
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General D o u g l a s MacArthur, a n d Colonel Lawrence Bunker, Personal
Aide and Secretary to the General at the Haneda Tokyo Airport, awaiting
the arrival of Mr . and Mrs . John Foster Dulles, Guests of the General .
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G e n e r a l M a c A r t h u r a n d G e n e r a l C o l l i n s o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s A i r F o r c e , a n d
C o l o n e l B u n k e r , s t a n d a t A t t e n t i o n a n d S a l u t e a s t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s N a t i o n a l
A n t h e m i s p l a y e d a t t h e T o k y o A i r F o r c e B a s e .
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GENERAL HEADQUARTERSSUPREME COMMANDER FOR THE ALLIED POWERSOFFICE OF THE SUPREME COMMANDER
Dear Mr . . Choate :
I have just received your note of the 19thand I am delighted to learn from it that you and your familyare planning to stop by Japan early in April on your wayaround the world . I shall look forward to seeing you again .
Cordially yours,
Tokyo, Japan27 February 1951
Mr . Joseph Choate530 West Sixth StreetLos Angeles, California
DOUGLAS MacARThUR
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Dear Joe :
I was delighted to hear that you and your familyare contemplating visiting us here in Tokyo about thefirst week in April. Needless to say we are looking for-ward to seeing you with great interest. I hope that youwill forgive me for not answering your letter of 1 January.I passed it on to the General and I believe he was muchinterested in your views of the people in Washington. Iam wondering if you will bring the movies you took whenyou were here last time with you. Would be pleased to seethem.
With all good wishes .
Sincerely,
Mr. Joseph Choate,53 0 West Sixth Street,Los Angeles, California.
GENERAL HEADQUARTERSFAR EAST OOMMANDorrloa Or TM COMMAND a-ILI-omar
28 February 1951
)SIDNEY L. HUFF,Colonel, Aide-de-Camp .
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STANDARD TIME INDICATEDI .au+-.*.v
oC MADISON AYL, t I . G
M I U . 4 - 9 4 9 2
nL O.OQ YOUR Tp1YW~TO •Of T . L T .L[01 . . P 1 .
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LN149 N 118 IMPL ETATBG= SANS ORIGINS 1815 SEP 24HOWARD CHANDLER CHRISTY LAYMENS NATIONAL COMMITTEE=
NEWYORK ( MF)=S C F 2 4 1 9 1 ` 1 4
52 P M
Q1537 TWO THOUSAND YEARS AGO A MAN DARED STAND FOR TRUTH CMAFOR FREEDOM OF THE HUMAN SPIRIT CMA WAS CRUCIFIED AND DIED STOPYET THIS DEATH WAS NOT THE END BUT ONLY THE BEGINNING CMA TOBE FOLLOWED BY THE RESURRECTION AND THE LIFE STOP FOR TWENTYCENTURIES THE STORY OF THE MAN OF GALILEE HAS SERVED FOR ALLCHRISTIANS AS LESSON AND AS SYMBOL STOP SO THAT TODAY CMAWHEN WE STRESS THE SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE OF OUR UNITED EFFORTSTO REESTABLISH THE SUPREMACY OF OUR CHRISTIAN PRINCIPLES WE CAN
CMA HUMBLY AND WITHOUT PRESUMPTION CMA DECLARE OUR FAITHAND CONFIDENCE WITH GODS HELP IN OUR OWN FINAL VICTORY-MA CARTHUR
R . (13)
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Acknowledgment
Summation of Profound Gratitude
I n t h i s c l o s i n g p a g e , t h e A u t h o r w i s h e s t o a g a i n e x p r e s s h i s
d e e p g r a t i t u d e t o N o r m a n V i n c e n t P e a l e , f o r h i s i n s p i r i n g
F o r e w o r d t h a t r e a l l y r e f l e c t s t h e m e s s a g e f o r w h i c h t h i s b o ok i s
w r i t t e n , t h a t m e n o f t o d a y a n d i n t h e f u t u r e m a y k n o w m o r e
a c c u r a t e l y t h e n o b l e q u a l i t i e s o f G e n e r a l D o u g l a s M a c A r t h u r ,
a m a n w h o s e r v e d h i s c ou n t r y w i t h d e d i c a t i o n , b r i l l i a n c e , a f f e c -
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f r o m h i s c o un t r y e t e r n a l g r a t i t u d e f o r h i s s e r v i c e t o m a n k i n d .
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