doug boll amy murtha cass stahmann tuesday, 5:30 ethical theories presentation october 27, 2009
TRANSCRIPT
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UTILITARIAN PERSPECTIVE
Doug BollAmy Murtha
Cass StahmannTuesday, 5:30
Ethical Theories PresentationOctober 27, 2009
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What It Is The greatest good for the greatest
number of people. Examples
Building a damFinish your degreeAssisted suicide
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Jeremy Bentham 1748-1832
He believed that we should try to increase the overall happiness and pleasure in the world.
Good equals pleasure.
He called it “the Principle of Utility”
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John Stuart Mill 1806-1873
Bentham’s godson
He inherited the utilitarian project from Bentham and from his father James Mill.
He gave the theory his own characteristic twists and developments.
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Types of Utilitarianis
m
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Act vs. Rule Act: likely consequences of
potential actions. Rule: potential rules of action.
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Motive
How humans react psychologically.
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Two-Level Use instinctive moral
thinking Varies from rule
Utilitarianism
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Negative Least amount of harm or
“evil”
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Average vs. Total Average: average
happiness Total: Utility of
population
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Ethical Dilemma
Nation healthcare
reform
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Criticisms
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Responsibility Responsibility for choices. Sometimes we can’t foresee
the impact of others.Example
Terrorist situation
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Too Demanding Implies we should always
maximize happiness. May be too strict of a
requirement.Example
Good intentions
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Who is Included? Who all is included in one
decision Examples
Those in our own groupIn our own countryAll human beings.All sentient beings.
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Not Enough Time Calculating
takes time. In the real
world we don’t have time to calculate the effects of our actions on general happiness.
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Questions for Review
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What are the main arguments in defense of or
against Utilitarianism?
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What is the difference between maximizing total happiness vs. average happiness?
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Who were the “Fathers” of
Utilitarianism?
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What are two of the different types of
Utilitarianism?
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Bibliography
A 21st Century Ethical Toolbox, second edition. By Anthony Weston
http://users.ox.ac.uk/~ball0888/oxfordopen/mill.html http://www.codepoet.org/~markw/gurps/adv/bedlam/
bedlam_in_london.html http://www.csus.edu/indiv/g/gaskilld/ethics/
Utilitarianism%20notes.htm http://philosophy.wisc.edu/hausman/341/dq/dq-
utilitarianism.htm http://ethics.sandiego.edu/theories/Utilitarianism/
index.asp http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/utilitarianism/types-
of-utilitarianism.html