dotnet manual

7/25/2019 DOTNET Manual

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Dot net Training Manual


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INTRODUCTION TO .NET

.NET Framework

Microsoft introduced the .NET framework to help developers create

globally distributed software with Internet functionality and interoperability.

It is the foundation on which you design, develop and deploy applications.

Its consistent and simplified programming model makes it easier to build

robust applications.

Console !".NET

#eb !ervices #eb$orms

!".Net pplications !ervices

#indows $orms

%rawing

#indows pplication!ervices

Controls

.NET $ramework &ase Classes

Confirguration Messaging Threading I' (lobali)ation Code %'M

#in$orms !ecurity

%iagnostics %ata *M+ eflection

Common +anguage untime

Multipleanguage

ntegration

CommonType !ystem

%ebugging and"rofiling

(arbageCollection

-ersion and%eploymentControl

!ecurity

Console pplication !ervices


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Advantages of .NET Framework

. Consistent "rogramming Model

/. Multi platform applications

0. Multi +anguage Integration

1. utomatic resource management

2. Ease of deployment

.NET Initiative

Microsoft has introduced the .NET initiative with the intention of

bridge the gap in interoperability between applications. It aims at integrating

various programming languages and services.

It is designed to make significant improvements in code reuse, code

speciali)ation, resource management, multi language development, security,

deployment and administration.

The .NET Initiative offers a complete suite for developing and

deploying applications. This suite consists of .NET products, .NET services,

and the .NET framework.

.NET rodu!ts

Microsoft has already introduced -isual !tudio .NET, which is

a tool for developing .NET application by using programming languages

such as -isual &asic, C3 and -isual C44. In addition, Microsoft also intends

to introduce .NET versions of the #indows operating system and 'ffice

suite. These products aim at allowing developers to create applications that


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are capable of interacting seamlessly with each other. To ensure interaction

between different applications, all .NET products use e*tensible Markup

+anguage 5*M+6 for describing and e7changing data between applications.

-isual &asic.NET

-isual C44.NET

!".Net

C3

83

*M+

.NET servi!es

.NET delivers software as #eb !ervices. Therefore, users can

subscribe to a web service and use it as long as they need it, regardless of the

hardware and software platform.

Microsoft is coming up with its own set of web services, known as My

!ervices. These services are based on the Microsoft "assport authentication

service, the same service that us used in 9otmail. They allow the consumers

of the services to access data by linking calendars, phonebooks, address

books, and personal references to the "assport uthentication service. In

addition to the #eb services provided by Microsoft, third party products and

services can also be integrated easily with the .NET environment


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Managed Code E"e!ution ro!ess

. #hen you compile a program developed in a language that targets the

C+, instead of compiling the sourcecode into machine level code, the

compiler translates into Microsoft Intermediate +anguage 5M!I+6 or

Intermediate +anguage 5I+6. No matter which language has been used to

develop the applications, it always gets translated into I+. This ensures

language Interperability.

/. In addition to translating the code into I+, the compiler also produces

metadata about the program during the process of compilation. Metadata

contains the description of the program, such as the classes and interfaces,

the dependencies and the versions of the components used inthe program.

0. The I+, and the meta data are linked in assembly

1. The compiler creates the .E*E or .%++ file

2. #hen you e7ecute the .E*E or .%++ file, the code 5converted into I+6 and

all the other relevant information from the base class library is sent to the

class loader. The class loader loads the code inthe memory.

:. before the code can be e7ecuted, the .NET framework needs to convert

the I+ into native or C"; specific code. The 8ust In Time 58IT6 compiler

translates the code from I+ into managed process of compilation, the 8IT

compiler compiles only the code the code that is re


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invoked during e7ecution, the 8IT compiler converts the I+ for that method

into native code. This process saves the time and memory reects are always accessed in a compatible way.

Therefore, if you try to pass an ? byte value to a method that acceps 1 byte

value as its parameter, the C+ will detect and trap such an attempt. Type

safety also ensures that ob>ects are safely isolated from each other and are

therefore same from any inadvertent or malicious corruption

?. fter translating the I+ into native code the converted code is sent to

the .NET runtime manager.

@. The .NET runtime manager e7ecutes the code. while e7ecuting the code, a

security check is performed to ensure that the code has the appropriate

permissions for accessing the available resources.

;nicode characters A / &ytes

Features rovided C#R

. utomatic memory management

/. !tandard type system

0. +anguage Interperability

1. "latform Independence

2. !ecurity Management

:. Type safety


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A$.NET

!"0.B and !"1.B

ctive !erver "ages A !erver side scripting

9TM+ A %esigning

-&!cript, 8ava!cript, 8!cript A Client !ide -alidation

!imple -alidation

D "assword does not e7ceed ? characters

D "assword and etype "assword must be similar

D Checking for valid date

D Email validation

!erver !ide -alidation A !",8!", !ervlets

Maintaining %atabase

!ession Maintenance A Individual user details.

!".NET A !erver !ide -alidations

Integrated %evelopment Environment

#eb !erver A Checking !erver !ide !cripting

Internet Information !ervice 2.B 5#indows /BBB6

II! :.B 5#indows *"6

"ersonal #eb !erver 5#indows @2, #indows @?6

Chilli!oft A #indows NT


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Microsoft !".NET is the ne7t generation technology for #eb

application development. It takes the best from ctive !erver "ages 5!"6

as well as the rich services and features provided by the Common +anguage

untime 5C+6 and add many new features. The result is a robust, scalable,

and fast #eb development e7perience that will give you great fle7ibility

with little coding. To create dynamic web pages by using server side scripts,

Microsoft has introduced !". !".NET is the .NET version of !".

!".NET is a standard 9TM+ file that contains embedded serverAside

scripts. !".NET provides the following advantages of server A side

scripting.

!".NET enables you to access information from data sources, such

as backAend databases and te7t files that are stored on a #eb server or

a computer thatFs accessible to a #eb server.

!".NET enable us to use a set of programming code called templates

to create 9TM+ documents. The advantage of using templates is that

you can dynamically insert content retrieved from data sources, such

as backAend database and te7t files, into 9TM+ document before the

9TM+ document is displayed to users. Therefore, the information

need not be changed manually as and when the contents retrieved

from data source changed.


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!".NET also enable us to separate 9TM+ design from the data

retrieval mechanism. Therefore, changing the 9TM+ design does not

affect the programs that retrieve data from the databases. !imilarly,

server side scripting ensures that changing data sources does not

re


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%orking of an A$.NET a&&li!ation

. web server sends a re


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Enriched Tool !upport G The !".NET $ramework provided with a

rich toolbo7 and designer in -!.NET I%E 5-isual !tudio .NET

integrated development environment6. !ome of the features of this

powerful tools are the #H!I#H( 5#hat Hou !ee Is #hat Hou (et6

editor, drag and drop server controls, and automatic deployment.

"ower and $le7ibility G !".NET applications are based on Common

+anguage untime 5C+6. Therefore, the power and fle7ibility of

the .NET platform is available to !".NET application developers.

!".NET applications enable you to ensure that the .NET $ramework

class library, messaging, and data access solutions are seamlesslyaccessible over the #eb. !".NET is also language G independent.

Therefore, Hou can choose any .NET language to develop your

application.

!implicity G !".NET enables you to build user interfaces that

separate application logic from presentation content. In addition, C+

simplifies application development by using managed code services,

such as automatic reference counting and garbage collection.

Therefore, !".NET makes it easy to perform common tasks ranging

from form submission and client authentication to site configuration

and deployment.

Manageability G !".NET enables you to manage #eb applications

by storing the configuration information in an *M+ file. Hou can open

the *M+ file in the -isual !tudio .NET I%E.

!calability G !".NET has been designed with scalability in mind. It

has features that help improve performance in a multiprocessor

environment.


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!ecurity G !".NET provides a number of options for implementing

security and restricting user access to a #eb application. ll these

options are configured within the configuration file.

A$.NET $erver a&&li!ations are

II! A Internet Information !erver 2.B 5Microsoft Networking6 A

#indows NT1.B, #indows /BBB

"#! A "ersonal #eb !erver 5"CF!6 A #indow @2,#indows @?

Chilli!oft A #indows NT

pache Tomcat A #indows NT, #indows /BBB

&y using any one of the above mentioned servers, we can perform

!".NET "age validations. If there is a !erver, we have to start the server.

&ut !".NET !ervers 5both II! and "#!6 can automatically start and run

when the system switched on.

Introdu!ing %e' A&&li!ations

#eb pplications are programs that can be e7ecuted either on a #eb

server 5In case of server side scripting6 or in a #eb browser 5in case of client

A side scripting6. They enable us to share and access information over the

internet and corporate intranets.


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Com&onents of D(nami! %e' A&&li!ations

dynamic web application can have client A side scripting, server A

side scripting or both.

Client side scripting enable us to develop web pages that can

dynamically respond to user input without having interact with a #eb server.

!cripting +anguages, such as -&!cript and 8ava!cript, are used to write

client side scripts.

!erver side scripting provides dynamic content to users base on the

information stored in a remote location, such as a back A end database. It

incudes code written in server A side scripting languages, such as ctive

!erver "ages 5!"6 and 8ava !erver "ages 58!"6. serverAside script is

e7ecuted on a web server. #hen a browser re


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%E) FORM$

#eb $orms are the heart and soul of !".NET. #eb $orms

are the ;ser Interface 5;I6 elements that give your #eb applications their

look and feel. #eb $orms are similar to #indows $orms in that they provide

properties, methods, and events for the controls that are placed onto them.

9owever, these ;I elements render themselves in the appropriate markup

language re


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T*e ur&ose of %e' Forms

#eb $orms and !".NET were created to overcome some of the limitations

of !". These new strengths include

!eparation of 9TM+ interface from application logic

rich set of serverAside controls that can detect the browser and send

out appropriate markup language such as 9TM+

+ess code to write due to the data binding capabilities of the newserverAside .NET controls

EventAbased programming model that is familiar to Microsoft -isual

&asic programmers

Compiled code and support for multiple languages, as opposed to !"

which was interpreted as Microsoft -isual &asic !cripting 5-&!cript6

or Microsoft 8script

#eb $orms enable us to create user interface for #eb pplications. #e use

user controls to design the user interface of #eb pplications and then write

code, which will be e7ecuted at the server side, to handle events triggered by

these controls.

%E) $ER+ICE$,

#eb !ervices enable us to remotely access certain functionality at the server

side. These services enable the e7change of data in a client G to G server or a


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server G to G server environment over the web by using !imple 'b>ect

ccess "rotocol 5!'"6. To enable this data e7change, #eb services use

standards such as 9TT" and e*tensible Markup +anguage 5*M+6

messaging.

Advantages

#eb $orms can be designed and programmed using apid

pplication %evelopment 5%6 tools.

#eb $orms support a rich set of controls, including user

defined and third party controls and make the application userfriendly.

#eb $orms can be programmed using any of the .NET

$ramework languages, such as C3 or -isual &asic .NET

In !".NET #eb $orms consists of a user interface and application

logic that is applied to the components of user interfaces.

;ser interface consists of static 9TM+ or *M+ elements, and

!".NET server controls. #hen we create a #eb pplication, 9TM+ or

*M+ elements and server controls are saved in a file with a .asp7 e7tension.

This file is called a pagefile.

pplication logic consists of code that is applied to the user interface

elements of a #eb $orm page. #e can use any of the .NET programming

languages, such as -isual &asic .NET or C3, to write the logic for a web

page.


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Note,

#e can also write the application logic for an !".NET application by

using other .NET $ramework compatible languages, ranging from

8script.NET, Managed E7tensions to C44, "ython, !mallTalk, and C'&'+.

9owever, it is important to remember that we cannot include a -isual C3

#eb $orms "age in a -isual &asic .NET #eb "ro>ect and vice versa.

Introdu!ing %e' A&&li!ations,

#eb pplications are programs that can be e7ecuted either on a #eb

server 5In case of server side scripting6 or in a #eb browser 5in case of client

A side scripting6. They enable us to share and access information over the

internet and corporate intranets.

Com&onents of D(nami! %e' A&&li!ations

dynamic web application can have client A side scripting, server A

side scripting or both.

Client side scripting enable us to develop web pages that can

dynamically respond to user input without having interact with a #eb server.

!cripting +anguages, such as -&!cript and 8ava!cript, are used to write

client side scripts.

!erver side scripting provides dynamic content to users base on the

information stored in a remote location, such as a back A end database. It

incudes code written in server A side scripting languages, such as ctive


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!erver "ages 5!"6 and 8ava !erver "ages 58!"6. serverAside script is

e7ecuted on a web server. #hen a browser re


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The #eb page with the processed output is sent back by the

#eb !erver.

In !".NET, each sever control is an instance of a particular class. $or

e7ample, when you add a button control to a #eb page, we actually create

an instance of the &utton Class. The base class of all server controls is the

Control class that resides in the !ystem.#eb.;I namespace. The hierarchy

of the server controls in !".NET

Four t(&es of Controls,

. !erver Controlsdotator%ata(rid Control%ata+ist Control

/. -alidation ControlsCompare-alidator

Custom-alidatorange-alidatoregularE7pression-alidatore


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A$.NET O'e!ts

esponse A ;sed to send information to the client. 5!erver to

&rowser6

e


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esponse.dd9eader Method

esponse.edirect Method

esponse.!tatus "roperty

esponse.End Method

esponse.$lush Method

esponse.#rite Method;sed to write data to client

esponse.#rite5JKh alignLcenter 9ello #orld Kh6O

esponse.Cookies Collection

!torage of values temporarily. Peeping a variable values between the

pages. !toring values between the pages is called maintaing state.

esponse.CookiesQJvariableR .value L value

esponse.dd9eader Method

;sed to add some 9eader values in the 9TT" 9eader

Eg

"ageS+oad56

esponse.dd9eader5efresh,2OurlLredipage.asp76O

esponse.#rite5This page has been redirected after Kspan idLF>timeF 2

Kspan seconds6O

Kscript languageLvbscript

window.setTimeout changeval56,BBB,vbscript

sub changeval56


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dim time

time L document.all.item5>time6.innerTe7t

time L time A

document.all.item5>time6.innerTe7t L time

if time B then

window.setTimeout changeval56,BBB,vbscript

End if

End !ub

Kscript

esponse.edirect Method

;sed to redirect another file

esponse.edirect5Jfilename.asp76O

+ink&uttonSclickU

esponse.edirect5httplocalhostMyspCookieMgmtInbo7.asp76OV

esponse.!tatus "roperty

Eg

"ageS+oad56

string ipaddrOipaddr L e


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esponse.!tatusL1B0 ccess $orbiddenO

esponse.#rite5esponse.!tatus6O

esponse.End56O

V

esponse.#rite5K9TM+6O

esponse.#rite5K&'%HHou have accessed this page through the

I" ddress of /=.B.B. K&'%H K9TM+6O

Re/uest O'e!t

The reect contains the information that the browser sends to

the server. $or every re


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Re/uest.$erver+aria'les Colle!tion

This contains standard information automatically sent by the browser

for every re


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esponse.#rite5+ocal ddr 4

e


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Codings

;sing !ystem.%ata.!


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!odings

+ink&uttonSclick

U

esponse.edirect5httplocalhostMyspCookieMgmtInbo7.asp6O

V

+ink&utton/SClick

U

esponse.edirect5httplocalhostMyspCookieMgmtComp.asp76O

V

In'o".as&"

"ageS+oad

U

esponse.#rite5Kh alignLcenter Inbo7 Kh6O

esponse.#rite5;sername 4 e


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A&&li!ation O'e!t

To store global data.

pplication ob>ect provide our application with global data or

information that applies to all users for our application.

There is only one pplication ob>ect for all users of your pplication.

Introdu!tion to T*reads

#eb !ervers must handle simultaneous reect, but you need to ensure

that only one session has permission to change values at any given time. To

do that, Hou lock the pplication before changing the value and unlock it

when you finished your modifications.


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Eg,

global.asa7.cs

pplicationS!tart56

U

pplicationQpageR L BO

V

%e'Form1.as&".!s

esponse.dd9eader5efresh,26O

int pagecountO

pplication.+ock56O

pplicationQpageR L Int0/."arse5pplicationQpageR.To!tring566 4 O

pagecount L Int0/."arse5pplicationQpageR.To!tring566O

pplication.;n+ock56O

esponse.#rite5This page has been visited 4 pagecount 4 times6O

$erver O'e!t

This 'b>ect gives highAlevel access to the !erver.

;sing this properties and Methods we can

. E7ecute other !" $iles

/. Translate -irtual path to "hysical path

0. "erform !erverA!ide edirects

!erver.!criptTimeout "roperty

!erver.9tmlEncode Method

!erver.E7ecute Method

!erver.Transfer Method

!erver.Map"ath Method


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!erver.!criptTime'ut "roperty

!pecifies the amount of runtime in seconds for a script before it

terminates.

esponse.#rite5%efault Timeout 4 !erver.!criptTimeout 4

JKbr6O

!erver.!criptTimeout L 2BO

esponse.#rite5fter Changed 4 server.!criptTimeout6O

!erver.9tmlEncode Method

esponse.#rite5!erver.9tmlEncode5Khtml66O

!erver.Map"ath Method

This will map the "hysical path of the file.

string physicalpp"athO

physicalpp"ath L !erver.Map"ath5myasp6O

esponse.#rite5The "hysical path is 4 physicalpp"ath 4 Kbr6O

$ession O'e!t

n !".NET !essions begins at a browserFs $irst re


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2lo'al.asa"

pplication on!tart

pplication onEnd

!ession on!tart

!ession onEnd

$essionID Cookie

The server gives the browser a uni


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1. Immediately after creates the new !ession ob>ect, !".NET Calls

the !essionS'n!tart Event

2. #hen the session times out or you issues the !ession.bandon

command, the !".NET engine calls the !essionSonEnd event procedure.,

then destroys the !ession 'b>ect

:. fter the !" engine destroys the last session ob>ect, it calls the

pplicationS'nEnd event procedure

$ession.A'andon E"am&le

glo'al.asa".!s

pplication S!tart56

U

pplicationQcounterR L B

V

!essionS!tart56

U

pplicationQcounterR L

Int0/.parse5pplicationQcounterR.To!tring566 4

V


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%e'Form1.as&".!s

esponse.#rite5Kh alignLcenter !ession bandon E7ample Kh6O

esponse.#rite5Hour !ession I% is 4 !ession.!essionI% 4 Kbr6O

esponse.#rite5pplicationQcounterR 4 pplicationQcounterR6O

!ession.bandon56O

esponse.#rite5Kp Hour session has been abandoned. Make a note of

your !essionI%,then referesh your browser. Each time you referesh this

page, you should get a new !essionI%.Kp6O

%istributed Computing

D Improve "erformance

D Components are compiled separately A &usiness +ogic

D Code eusability

%istributed Technology

. !ockets

/. "C A emote "rocedure call

0. MI

1. C'&

2. %C'M

!ockets A &erkely !oftware %ivision

Client !erver Technology model

A Networking 5Chatting, $ile Transfering, %ata transferring6

!ocket A Establish connection

"acket A %ata Container 5byte %ata,si)e of data, destination I"

ddress6


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Issues

D !upports only primitive type5data types like integer, float, char6

communication

D Image, ob>ect and method invocation is not possible

D %oesnFt have auto marshalling and demarshalling

Marshalling A Convert 'b>ect to byte

%emarshalling A Convert byte to ob>ect

!erver Client

+isten

ccept

!end

eceive

Connect

eceive

!end


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"C A emote "rocedure Call

D "C is a layer

D 'ne more layer in '!I model.

D It supports Method invocation

D The data are send and received as a string format

D It doesnFt support ob>ect transfer.

MIC'&%C'M

D Enhancement of "C

D 'b>ect transfer is possible.

MI A emote Method Invocation

D +anguage %ependent

D "latform Independent

D Communication between two ob>ects.

D The two ob>ects must be developed in 8ava

D !upports all type of communication

DMI egistry

8N%I A 8ava Naming and %irectory Inde7

8M" A 8ava emote Method "rotocol

Client 8ava !erver 8ava

!tub !keleton

Network

MI egistry


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C'& A Common 'b>ect e


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%e' $ervi!es

$OAA !imple 'b>ect access "rotocol

D %eveloped by #0Consortium

D &ased on *M+

D Instead of C'M %C'M webservices are developed.

3M#

E7tensible Markup +anguage

Meaning for content

3$# A E7tensible !tyle sheet +anguage 5*M+ with C!! 5Cascading

!tyle !heet66

Eg

%ocument 'b>ect Model 5%'M6

"arsing *M+ document to -& or any other application

D$OA %ata !ource 'b>ect 58avascript, -&!cript6

7ml1>parser A 8ava

Creating %e' $ervi!e

. $ile A New A -isual &asic .NET A !".NET #eb !ervice A

httplocalhostMysp!ervice

/. Click the like !witch to code view

0. dd Methods


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K#ebMethod "ublic $unction add5&y-al a as Integer,&y-al b as

Integer6 as Integer

eturn a 4 b

End $unction

K#ebMethod "ublic $unction add5&y-al a as Integer,&y-al b as

Integer6 as Integer

eturn a D b

End $unction

1. un the pplication by "ressing $2

2. Copy the ;+ and "aste it in the notepad

:. Close the !olution

Adding %e' servi!e in C4

. $ile A New A -isual C3 A Console application

#eb!ervice

/. "ro>ect Menu A dd #eb eference A "aste the ;+ A Click

dd eference

0. dd the following Codings

static void Main5stringQR args6

U

localhost.!ervice ob> L new localhost.!ervice56O

string str L ob>.9ello#orld56O

Console.#rite+ine5str6O


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int c L ob>.add5B,/B6O

int d L ob>.mul50,16O

Console.#rite+ine5c L 4 c6O

Console.#rite+ine5d L 4 d6O

Console.ead+ine56O

V

Creating %e' $ervi!e

. $ile A New A -isual &asic .NET A !".NET #eb !ervice A

httplocalhostMysp!ervice

/. Click the like !witch to code view

0. dd Methods

K#ebMethod56 "ublic $unction get%ata5&y-al pid s

Integer6 s "roduct

Try

%im con s !


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If 5dr.ead566 Then

pr.pid L dr.(etInt0/5B6

pr.pname L dr.(et!tring56

pr.


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3M#,

dotator

&anner.7ml

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KZ7ml versionL.B encodingLutfA? Z

Kdvertisements

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KImage;rl httplocalhostshobadComponentseSB.gif KImage;rl

KNavigate;rl httplocalhostshobaC!C#eb$orm.asp7 KNavigate;rl

KlternateTe7t The 'rder 'nline $orm for #ebshoppe KlternateTe7tKImpressions KImpressions

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Kd KImage;rl httplocalhostshobadComponent$lowers.gif

KImage;rl

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KlternateTe7t This page is used for egistration KlternateTe7t

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+).NET

T(&es of A&&li!ation Ar!*ite!ture

pplications are developed to support organi)ations in their business

operations. pplication accept input, process the data based on business

rules and provide data as output. The function performed by an application

can be divided into three categories

;ser services

&usiness services

Each category is implemented as a layer in an application. The user

services layer constitutes the front end of a solution. It is also called a

presentation layer because it provides an interactive user interface

The business services layer controls the enforcement of business rules

on the data of an organi)ation. &usiness rules encompass those practices and

activities that define the behavior of an organi)ation. The business services

layer performs validations pertaining to business rules.

The data services layer comprises the data and the functions for

manipulating the data.

A&&li!ation Ar!*ite!ture

. !ingle Tier rchitecture A &ased on !ingle !oftware

/. Two Tier rchitecture

0. Three Tier rchitecture


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1. nATier rchitecture 59TM+ A -&!cript A !" A 'racle A

*M+6

M-C rchitecture

Model -iew Controller rchitecture

Model A &usiness +ogic A E8& A C'M4 5Component 'b>ect

Model6

-iew A 'utput A 8!" A !".NET 5or6 -&.Net

Controller A Controlling "ages. A !".Net

+isual )asi! .NET

D !upports 'b>ect 'riented "rogramming full fledgely.

D !upports !tructured E7ception 9andling

D !upports Multithreaded "rogramming

Features of .NET

. Inheritance

/. Constructor and %estructor

0. 'verloading

1. 'verriding

2. !tructured E7ception 9andling

:. Multithreading

MultiThreading AI' "ackages

Networkingssembly A %eployment purpose(arbage Collection A!ecurity


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Names&a!e

Collection of classes and Interfaces are packed.

In*eritan!e

Inheritance is the ability of a class to derive its characteristics from an

e7isting class

$(nta",

class base!tatements

End classclass %erivedClass Inherits "arentClass

...........End Class

It is possible to create a base class in any language and inherits its

properties in a derived

class created using another language. It provides the advantage of code

reusability across languages.

Constru!tors and Destru!tors

Constructor A ;sed to initiali)e the members of the class%estructor A eleases the resources used by an ob>ect

Overloadingfunction nane similar passing parameters are different

$(nta",

$unction 'verloads functionSname5parameter list6 as returntype


46/126

Overriding

class baseU

virtual public void show56Opublic void fun56O

V

class derived publicbaseU

public void show56Opublic void fun56O

Vderived dO

base bObase DbOb L YdObAshow56ObAfun56O

$(nta",

"ublic 'verrides $unction func56

$tru!tured E"!e&tion -andling

-&.Net !upports structured e7ception handling that consists of

protected blocks of code and filters for the possible e7ceptions that can be

raised by the program.

tryU

CodingsVcatch5E7ception6U

E7ception 9andling codeV


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Multit*reading

Multithreading enables an application contain one or more threads

that can share workload in an application by e7ecuting one at a time.

+isual $tudio .NET IDE

1. roe!ts and $olutions

"ro>ectsA Contains $orms and modules.

!olutions A Contains one or more pro>ects.

roe!t T(&es

. -isual &asic "ro>ects

/. -isual C3

0. -isual C44

1. !etup and %eployment pplication

Tem&lates

#indows pplication A !tand alone windows application

Class +ibrary A Create reusable class library

#indows Control +ibrary A Custom Control creation

!".NET #eb pplication A Create #eb pplication

!".NET #eb !ervice A 9TT" and *M+ to communicate with

client applications.

#eb Control +ibrary A Custom control used in web application

Console application A create console application run in command

line


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#indows !ervice A &ackground service such as monitoring

Empty "ro>ect

Empty #eb "ro>ect

New "ro>ect in E7isting $older A dding E7isting files.

User Interfa!e Elements of +isual $tudio .NET IDE

. #indows $orm %esigner

/. !olution E7plorer #indow

0. "roperties #indow

1. Toolbo7

2. 'utput window

:. The task list window

=. !erver E7plorer window

?. %ynamic 9elp window

@. Class view window

B. Code and Te7t editor window

O'e!t Orientation in +isual )asi!.NET

OO$ 56 O'e!t oriented &rogramming s(stem

. Classes and 'b>ect

/. %ata bstraction and Encapsulation

0. Inheritance

1. "olymorphism

2. 'verloading


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rrays A Collection of like datatypes.

$tru!ture

Collection of unlike variables, methods and constructors.

$(nta",

!tructure strucSname

accessSspecifier varSname as %atatype F-ariables

accessSspecifier !ub procSname5&y-al var as %atatype6 F!ub

"rocedure

!tatement

End !ub

accessSspecifier function funcSname5&y-al var as %atatype6 as

%ataType

return varSname

End function

!ub New56 FConstructor

!tatements

End sub

.........

End !tructure

Eg,

!tructure Emp

%im Eno as Integer

"ublic Ename as !tring

"ublic !alary as !ingle


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"ublic !ub %isplayEmp56

Msgbo7 Empno Y eno

Msgbo7 Empname Y ename

Msgbo7 !alary Y salary

end sub

End !tructure

A!!ess7$&e!ifier

u'li!A structure declared with the "ublic keyword is accessible from

anywhere within or outside the application. This is the default access mode.

rote!tedA structure declared with the "rotected keyword is accessible

only from within its own class or from a derived class

Friend A structure declared with the $riend keyword is accessible

from within the program that contains the declaration and from anywhere

else in the same program

rote!ted FriendA structure declared with the "rotected $riend keyword

is accessible from within the same assembly and in the derived class.

rivateA structure declared with the "rivate Peyword is accessible only

from within its declaration conte7t, including any nested procedures.

8$tati!9$*ared +aria'les.

D Initiali)ed with )ero when the first ob>ect is created. No other

initiali)ation is permitted.


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D 'nly one copy of the member is created and shared by all ob>ects.

D #ithout creating ob>ect the member can be accessed by using

structure name.

$*ared Met*ods

D It access only shared variables.

D #ithout creating ob>ect the method can be accessed by using

structure name.

Eg,

!tructure !tudent

sno as Integer

sname as !tring

shared count as integer

End !tructure

%im s5B6 as !tudent

In!luding ro!edure

!tructure orderSdetails

"ublic InvSno as !tring

"ublic 'rdSdt as %ate

"ublic CustName as !tring

"ublic "roduct as !tring

"ublic Cost as %ouble

"ublic dvanceSamt as %ouble

"ublic %ueSamt as %ouble


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"ublic !ub CheckCost 5&y-al Cost as %ouble6

if Cost K B then

Cost L B

End If

End !ub

!hared count as Integer

End !tructure

$toring data wit*in a $tru!ture

%im ord as orderSdetails

ord.count L ord.count 4

%im ord/ as orderSdetails

ord/.count L ord/.count 4

ord.InvSno L IBBB

ord.'rdSdt L 3B0@?B3

ord.CustName L 8ack

ord."roduct L &C

ord.Cost L 12B.BB

ord.dvanceSamt L /BB.BB

ord.%ueSamt L /2B.BB

A!!essing Data from a stru!ture

if ord.InvSno L then

Msgbo75"lease enter the invoice number6

End if


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Eg,

!tructure Emp

%im eno s Integer

%im ename s !tring

%im salary s Integer

!hared count s Integer

!ub getEmp56

eno L Integer."arse5Input&o75Enter Eno66

ename L Input&o75Enter empname6

salary L Integer."arse5Input&o75Enter !alary66

count L count 4

End !ub

!ub displayemp56

Msg&o75Empno Y eno6

Msg&o75Empname Y ename6

Msg&o75!alary Y salary6

End !ub

!hared !ub displayCount56

Msg&o75No of 'b>ects Created is Y count6

End !ub

!ub New5&y-al no s Integer, &y-al name s !tring, &y-al sal s

Integer6

eno L no

ename L name

salary L sal

count L count 4


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End !ub

End !tructure

"rivate !ub &uttonSClick5&y-al sender s !ystem.'b>ect, &y-al e s

!ystem.Eventrgs6 9andles &utton.Click

%im e5B6 s Emp

%im e/ s Emp L New Emp5BBB, Pirthika, /BBB6

e/.displayemp56

%im n, i s Integer

n L Integer."arse5Input&o75Enter how many employees66

$or i L B To n A

e5i6.getEmp56

Ne7t

$or i L B To n A

e5i6.displayemp56

Ne7t

Emp.displayCount56

End !ub

End Class

Classes +s $tru!tures

Collection of member variables and methods

$imilarities

D &oth can have members, including constructors, properties and

constants.

D &oth can implement Interfaces 5!et of incomplete methods6


55/126

D &oth can have shared constructors with parameters

$*ared :e(word

In a class or a structure, the !hared Peyword indicates that one

or more programming elements are shared. The !hared programming

elements are not associated with a specific instance of a class or structure. To

access a shared element, we need to


56/126

A'stra!t Class

!et of complete and Incomplete methods. the derived class can

implement the methods. In -&.Net the abstract class is created using

MustInherit keyword in the class definition.

Eg,

"ublic class $orm Inherits !ystem.#indows.$orms.$orm

%im emp as New EmpS%etails56

"rivate !ub &uttonSClick5&y-al sender as !ystem.'b>ect,

&y-al e as !ystem.Eventrgs6 9andles &utton.Click

emp.nnualS!alary5Te7t&o7.Te7t6

emp.disp56

End !ub

End Class

"ublic MustInherit Class Employee%etails

"ublic Must'verride !ub nnualS!alary5&y-al m s Integer6

"ublic !ub disp56

Msg&o75!ample Method6

End !ub

End Class

"ublic Class EmpS%etails

Inherits Employee%etails


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%im salary as Integer L 0BBBB

%im months as Integer L :

"ublic 'verrides !ub nnualS!alary5&y-al m as Integer6

salary L salary D m

Msgbo75The Total salary is Y salary6

salary L 0BBBB

End sub

End Class

Eg,

"ublic MustInherit Class MybstractClass

"ublic Must'verride !ub display5&y-al a s Integer6

"ublic !ub Mybstractsub56

Msg&o75bstract Class method6

End !ub

End Class

"ublic Class %erivedClass

Inherits MybstractClass

"ublic 'verrides !ub display5&y-al a s Integer6

Msg&o75The value of a L Y a6

End !ub

End Class

"ublic Class %erivedClass


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Inherits MybstractClass

"ublic 'verrides !ub display5&y-al a s Integer6

Msg&o75!


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!et of incomplete methods. lternate for Multiple Inheritance

$(nta",

Interface IfaceSname

....

End Interface

Eg,

Interface I'rder%etails

"roperty CustName56 s !tring

!ub ;pdateCust!tatus56

$unction Calculate5&y-al m as integer6 as Integer

Event ;pdateSComplete56

End Interface

Eg,

Interface 'rder%etails

!ub %isp56

End Interface

"ublic Class My'rder

Implements 'rder%etails

!ub disp56 Implements 'rder%etails.disp

Msgbo7 My'rder disp method

End !ub

End Class


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"ublic Class nother'rder

Implements 'rder%etails

!ub disp56 Implements 'rder%etails.disp

Msgbo7 nother 'rder disp method

End !ub

!ub MyMethod56

Msgbo7 Non Interface Method

End !ub

End Class

My'rder m

m.disp

nother'rder a

a.disp

a.MyMethod

'rder%etails a/

a/.disp

a/.MyMethod56 FError


61/126

Note

#e can declare only methods, functions, properties and events in an

interface. #e cannot declare a variable in an interface.

Interfa!e In*eritan!e

Interface -alidateSCust

!ub -alidateSCustname56

End Interface

Interface I'rderdetails

Inherits -alidateSCust

"roperty CustName56 as !tring

!ub ;pdateCust!tatus56

Event ;pdateSComplete56

End Interface

Mem'ers of an Interfa!e!ub -alidateSCustname56"roperty CustName56 as !tring!ub ;pdateCust!tatus56Event ;pdateSComplete56

Note,

Interface statements are "ublic by default.

Constru!torsutomatic initiali)ation of ob>ect

Two t(&es of !onstru!tors

. !hared constructors

/. Instance Constructors


62/126

$*ared +aria'le

D Initiali)e with [ero, when the first ob>ect is created. No other

initiali)ation is permitted.

D 'nly one copy of the variable is created and can be accessed by all

ob>ects.

$*ared Met*ods

D ccess only !hared -ariables

D #ithout creating ob>ect the method can be accessed using class

name.

$*ared !onstru!tors

;sed to initiali)e shared variables of type. shared constructor will

not run more than once during a single e7ecution of program.

Eg,

"ublic Class MyClass

"ublic !hared 7 s Integer

"ublic y s Integer

!hared !ub New56

7 L B

F y L /B End !ub

!ub New56

y L /B

End !ub


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!ub New5&y-al a s Integer, &y-al b s Integer6

7 L a

y L b

End !ub

"rotected 'verrides !ub $inali)e56 F%estructor

Msg&o75%estructor Called6

7 L B

y L B

End !ub

End Class

"rivate !ub &uttonSClick5&y-al sender s !ystem.'b>ect, &y-al e

s !ystem.Eventrgs6 9andles &utton.Click

%im m s New MyClass

Msg&o75m.76

Msg&o75m.y6

%im m/ s MyClass

m/ L New MyClass5:B, =B6

Msg&o757 L Y m/.76

Msg&o75y L Y m/.y6

End !ub

Instan!e Constru!tor;sed to initiali)e variables that are declared with %im, "ublic, "rivate,

$riend, "rotected and "rotected $riend. lso access the shared variable

within an instance constructor.

!ub New5&y-al a as integer6


64/126

end !ub

Destru!tor

;sed to destroy 'b>ectsMet*ods Used

$inali)e56 A To release the last reference ob>ect

%ispose56 A To release resource, such as %atabase

connection file closing etc.

In*eritan!e

D esuability of code

D E7tensibility of code

T(&es

!ingle

Multiple

Multilevel

9ybrid A Combination of multiple and multilevel

9ierarchical

Eg,

1. FirstForm 8)ase9

eset &utton cmdesetE7it &utton cmdE7it

;. Codings


65/126

"ublic 'verridable !ub cmdesetSClick56Msgbo7

End !ub

"ublic 'verridable !ub cmdE7itSClick56Msgbo7

End !ub


66/126

End !ub

ro!edure Overriding

"rocedure name and passing arguments are similar

)ase Class

"ublic 'verridable !ub "rocedureSname56

End !ub

Derived Class

"ublic 'verrides !ub "rocedureSname56

End !ub

Note, DoesnBt return an( value

Calling $u' &ro!edure

"rocedureSname5arguments65or6Call "rocedureSname5arguments6

Fun!tion ro!edure

ccessSspecifier $unction funcSname5arguments6 as eturnS%atatypefuncSname L return value

5or6return retSval

End $unction

$unction 'verloading$unction 'verriding

ro&ert( ro!edure


67/126

&ackColor L red

"ublic class Customer"rivate col as !ystem.%rawing.Color

"ublic "roperty &ackColor56 as !ystem.%rawing.Color!et5&y-al col as !ystem.%rawing.Color6

col L colEnd !et(et

eturn colEnd (et

End "ropertyEnd Class

Event ro!edure

&uttonSclick56+istS!electedInde7Changed56

redefined ro!edures 8Dialog9

Msgbo7 A Msgbo75Message,&utton !tyle,Title6

Input&o7 A Input&o75Message,title,default -alue,* pos,H "os6

CommonDialog Classes

Color%ialog

$ont%ialog

$ile%ialog

'pen$ile%ialog

!ave$ile%ialog

"rint%ialog

"age!etup%ialog

ro&ert( ro!edure


68/126

&ackColor L red

"ublic class Customer"rivate col as !ystem.%rawing.Color

"ublic "roperty &ackColor56 as !ystem.%rawing.Color!et5&y-al col as !ystem.%rawing.Color6

col L colEnd !et(et

eturn colEnd (et

End "roperty

End Class

Event ro!edure

&uttonSclick56+istS!electedInde7Changed56

redefined ro!edures 8Dialog9

Msgbo7 A Msgbo75Message,&utton !tyle,Title6

Input&o7 A Input&o75Message,title,default -alue,* pos,H "os6

CommonDialog Classes

Color%ialog

$ont%ialog

$ile%ialog

'pen$ile%ialog

!ave$ile%ialog

"rint%ialog

"age!etup%ialog

C4 .NET


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OO$ Con!e&t

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA'b>ect 'riented "rogramming !ystem A !imula :=

Five C*ara!teristi!s

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA. Classes and 'b>ects/. %ata abstraction and %ata Encapsulation0. Inheritance1. "olymorphism2. 'verloading

Classes and 'b>ectsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

Classes A Collection member -ariables and $unctionsInstance or 'b>ects A To ccess the Class Member variables and

functions.

synta7AAAAAAAAAAclass classSnameU

accessSspecifier datatype varSnameO

accessSspecifier returntype functionSname5arguments6 UVV

ccess specifierAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

private A #ithin classpublic A any where of the program thru ob>ectprotected A Class and !ubclass

%efining Class and 'b>ect"assing arguments and returning values

passing ob>ect as argumentfunction overloadingConstructor and %estructorstatic variables and methodsabstract class


70/126

%efining Class and 'b>ectAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEgAAAAAclass !tudentsU

private int snoOprivate string snameO

public void getstud56U

Console.#rite+ine5Enter sno and sname 6O

sno L Int0/."arse5Console.ead+ine566Osname L Console.ead+ine56O

V

public void putstud56U

Console.#rite+ine5!no 4 sno6OConsole.#rite+ine5sname 4 sname6O

V

Q!TThreadRstatic void Main5stringQR args6U

!tudents s L new !tudents56Os.getstud56Os.putstud56OConsole.ead+ine56O

VV


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rray of Class 'b>ectsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEgAAAAclass !tudentsU


public void getstud56U

Console.#rite+ine5Enter sno and sname 6Osno L Int0/."arse5Console.ead+ine566Osname L Console.ead+ine56O

V


Console.#rite+ine5!no 4 sno 4 \t 4 sname 4sname6O

V


!tudentsQR s L new !tudentsQBROint i,nOConsole.#rite+ine5Enter how many students 6On L Int0/."arse5Console.ead+ine566Ofor5iLBOiKnOi446U

sQiR L new !tudents56OsQiR.getstud56O

VConsole.#rite+ine5The (iven !tudent -alues are 6Ofor5iLBOiKnOi446

sQiR.putstud56OConsole.ead+ine56O

VV


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"assing arguments and returning valuesAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAclass CircleU

private int radiusO

public void setradius5int r6U

radius L rOV

public float calculate56

Ureturn 0.1f D radius D radiusO

V

Ksummary The main entry point for the application. KsummaryQ!TThreadRstatic void Main5stringQR args6U

Circle c L new Circle56OConsole.#rite+ine5Enter the radius 6Oint r L Int0/."arse5Console.ead+ine566Oc.setradius5r6Ofloat area L c.calculate56OConsole.#rite+ine5The rea of Circle 4r 4 is 4

area6OConsole.ead+ine56O

V

V

"assing 'b>ect as rgumentsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

class ectU

private int length,breadthO


73/126

public void setrect5int len,int bre6U

length L lenObreadth L breO

V

public int totlen5ect r/6U

return length 4 r/.lengthOV

public int totbre5ect r/6U

return breadth 4 r/.breadthOV

public ect combine5ect r/6U

ect temp L new ect56Otemp.length L length 4 r/.lengthOtemp.breadthLbreadth 4 r/.breadthOreturn tempO

V

public void disprect56U

Console.#rite+ine5+ength 4 length 4 \t&readth 4breadth6O

V

Ksummary The main entry point for the application.

KsummaryQ!TThreadRstatic void Main5stringQR args6U

ect r L new ect56Oect r/ L new ect56Oect r0 L new ect56O


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r.setrect5/,16Or/.setrect52,:6Oint tlen L r.totlen5r/6Oint tbre L r.totbre5r/6Or0 L r.combine5r/6OConsole.#rite+ine5Total +ength 4 tlen6OConsole.#rite+ine5Total &readth 4 tbre6Or.disprect56Or/.disprect56Or0.disprect56OConsole.ead+ine56O

VV

$unction 'verloadingAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

$unction names are similar and passing arguments are different

EgAAAAAclass ectangleU

private int length,breadthOprivate int areaO

public void getrect5int len,int bre6U

length L lenObreadth L breO

V

public void getrect56U

Console.#rite+ine5Enter +ength and &readth 6Olength L Int0/."arse5Console.ead+ine566O

breadth L Int0/."arse5Console.ead+ine566OV

public void calculate56U


75/126

area L length D breadthOV


Console.#rite+ine5+ength 4 length 4 \t&readth 4breadth 4 \trea 4 area6O

V Ksummary The main entry point for the application. KsummaryQ!TThreadRstatic void Main5stringQR args6U

ectangle r L new ectangle56Oectangle r/ L new ectangle56Or.getrect5B,/B6Or/.getrect56Or.calculate56Or/.calculate56Or.disprect56Or/.disprect56OConsole.ead+ine56O

VV

ConstructorAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

To Initiali)e the 'b>ect automatically.TypesAAAAAAAAAA

. Normal constructor/. %efault Constructor0. 'verloading Constructor1. Copy Constructor A n 'b>ect Initiali)ed with another ob>ect

!ynta7AAAAAAAAAAA


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class classSnameU

classSname56 UV defaultclassSname5arg6 UVclassSname5ob>6 UV copy constructor

V

%estructorAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAclass classnameU

]classSname56 UVV

EgAAAAAclass MarksU

private int mark,mark/,totalOprivate string snameO

Marks56 UV default constructorMarks5int m,int m/,string name6 constructor with argU

mark L mOmark/ L m/Osname L nameOtotal L mark 4 mark/O

VMarks5Marks m/6 copy constructorU

mark L m/.markOmark/ L m/.mark/O

sname L m/.snameOtotal L mark 4 mark/O

V

public void dispmarks56U


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Console.#rite+ine5!tudent Name 4 sname 4 \tMark 4mark 4 \t Mark/ 4 mark/ 4 \tTotal 4 total6O

V]Marks56U

mark LBOmark/ LBOsname LOtotal L BO

V Ksummary The main entry point for the application. KsummaryQ!TThreadR

static void Main5stringQR args6U

Marks m L new Marks56O defaultMarks m/L new Marks5@B,?@,!hanthi6O constructor

with argumentsMarks m0 L new Marks5m/6O copy constructorm.dispmarks56Om/.dispmarks56Om0.dispmarks56OConsole.ead+ine56O

VV

!tatic -ariablesAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

D If the variable declared as static, the variable value isinitiali)ed with )ero

D 'nly one copy of the variable is created and can be accessedby all ob>ects.

!tatic MethodsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

D #ithout creating ob>ect, we can access the method using classname.

D !tatic methods can access only static variableD Normal methods can access both static and normal variables.


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!tatic ConstructorAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

D Initiali)e only static variable

EgAAAAclass ectangleU

private int length,breadthOprivate static int counterO

static ectangle56U

counter44OVectangle56U

length L BObreadth L BOcounter44O

V

ectangle5int len,int bre6U

length L lenObreadth L breOcounter44O

V


Console.#rite+ine5+ength 4 length 4 \t &readth

4 breadth6OV

Ksummary The main entry point for the application. KsummaryQ!TThreadR


79/126


Console.#rite+ine5No of 'b>ects Created 4ectangle.counter6O

ectangle r L new ectangle56OConsole.#rite+ine5No of 'b>ects Created 4

ectangle.counter6Oectangle r/ L new ectangle5/B,0B6OConsole.#rite+ine5No of 'b>ects Created 4

ectangle.counter6Oectangle r0 L new ectangle56Or.disprect56Or/.disprect56Or0.disprect56O

Console.ead+ine56OV

V

InheritanceAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

D eusability of codeD E7tensiblity of code

TypesAAAAAAAAAAAA. !ingle/. Multiple A Not supported0. Multilevel1. 9eirarchical2. 9ybrid A Not !upported

NoteAAAAAAAAAAAAAA. "rivate members are not inherited/. "ublic and "rotected members are inherited


80/126

!ingle

Multiple

Multilevel

&ase Class

%erived Class

&ase &ase/

%erived

&ase Class

%erived Class

%erived Class


81/126

9ierarchical

9ybridCombination of multiple and multilevel

!ingle

&ase ^%erived

&ase

%erived %erived/

%erived %erived/ %erived/ %erived//

&ase

%erived &ase

%erived


82/126

EgAAAAAclass %eptU

private int dnoOprivate !tring dnameO

public %ept5int no,string name6U

Console.#rite+ine5&ase constructor6Odno L noOdname L nameO

V

public void put%ept56U

Console.#rite+ine5%eptno 4 dno 4 \t %eptname 4 dname6O

VVclass Emp %eptU

private int enoOprivate string enameO

Emp5int en,string ena,int no,string name6 base5no,name6U

Console.#rite+ine5%erived Constructor6Oeno L enOename L enaO

V

public void putEmp56

UConsole.#rite+ine5Empno 4 eno 4 \t Empname

4 ename6OV

Q!TThreadRstatic void Main5stringQR args6


83/126

UEmp e L new Emp5BB,aaaa,/B,sales6Oe.put%ept56Oe.putEmp56OConsole.ead+ine56O

VV

MultilevelAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

&ase ^%erived ^

%erived/

EgAAAAAclass !tudentsU


public !tudents5int no,string name6U

Console.#rite+ine5!tudent constructor6Osno L noOsname L nameO

V


Console.#rite+ine5!tudent No 4 sno 4 \t !tudent

Name 4 sname6OV

V

class Marks !tudentsU

protected int mark,mark/O


84/126

public Marks5int no,string name,int m,int m/6 base5no,name6U

Console.#rite+ine5Marks constructor6Omark L mOmark/ L m/O

V

public void putmarks56U

Console.#rite+ine5Mark 4 mark 4 \t Mark/ 4mark/6O

VV

class finaltot MarksU

private int totalO

public finaltot5int no,string name,int m,int m/6 base5no,name,m,m/6

UConsole.#rite+ine5final constructor6Ototal L mark 4 mark/O

V

public void puttot56U

Console.#rite+ine5Total 4 total6OV

Ksummary The main entry point for the application.

KsummaryQ!TThreadRstatic void Main5stringQR args6U

finaltot f L new finaltot5BB,aaaa,@B,[email protected]


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f.puttot56OConsole.ead+ine56O

V

V

9eirarchicalAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

&se A +evel Class ^

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%ervied %erived/ A +evel/ Class ^

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA^ ^%er.0 %er.1 A +evel0 Class

bstract Class A ;sed in Inheritance Concept.AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

!et of Complete and Incomplete methods

EgAAAAabstract class &aseClassU

public void completeMeth56U


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Console.#rite+ine5&ase Class Complete Method6OVabstract public void IncompleteMeth56O

Vclass MyClass &aseClassU

public override void IncompleteMeth56U

Console.#rite+ine5!ample %efinition6O

VV

class %erivedClass &aseClass

Upublic override void IncompleteMeth56U

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V

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%erivedClass d L new %erivedClass56Od.completeMeth56Od.IncompleteMeth56O

d.MyMethod56OMyClass m L new MyClass56Om.IncompleteMeth56OConsole.ead+ine56O

VV


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EgAAAAAabstract class bs!tackU

abstract public void push5int a6Oabstract public int pop56O

Vclass !tack bs!tackU

private intQR stackOprivate int tosO

public !tack5int si)e6U

stack L new intQsi)eROtosLAO

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public override void push5int a6U

if5tos L stack.+engthA6U

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if5tos K B6U

Console.#rite+ine5!tack ;nderflow6O

return BOVelse

return stackQtosAAROV

Ksummary


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The main entry point for the application. KsummaryQ!TThreadRstatic void Main5stringQR args6U

!tack mystack L new !tack526O!tack mystack/ L new !tack5?6O

for5int iLOiKL:Oi446mystack.push5i6O

for5int iLOiKL?Oi446mystack/.push5i6O

Console.#rite+ine5Mystack value6Ofor5int iLOiKL2Oi446

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V

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synta7AAAAAAAAAAAinterface ifaceSnameU

method declarationsO

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class classSname IfaceSnameU

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EgAAAAinterface CallbackU

void call5int param6OVclass notherClient CallbackU

3region Callback Members

public void call5int param6U

Console.#rite+ine5!


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public void second56U

Console.#rite+ine5!econd Interface Method6OV

3endregionV

rrays and !tringsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAArraysAAAAAAAAA

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intQR a L new intQBROint i,nO


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UintQR a L new intQ/BROint i,>,temp,nOConsole.#rite5Enter the value of n 6On L Int0/."arse5Console.ead+ine566Ofor5iLBOiKnOi446U

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VVConsole.#rite+ine5!orted -alues are6Ofor5iLBOiKnOi446

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datatypeQ,R varSname L new datatypeQrow,colRO

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int i,>,row,colOConsole.#rite+ine5Enter row and Column value6Orow L Int0/."arse5Console.ead+ine566Ocol L Int0/."arse5Console.ead+ine566Ofor5iLBOiKrowOi446U

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Ufor5>LBO>KcolO>446U

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string classAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

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string s L 9elloO

MethodsAAAAAAAAAAAAAstatic void Main5stringQR args6

Ustring str L 9ello #orldOstring str/ L 9elloOstring str0 L !ample Oint iOcharQR c L new CharQstr.+ength40ROcQBR L FaFOcQR L FbFOcQ/R L FcFOConsole.#rite+ine5+ength 4 str.+ength6OConsole.#rite+ine5Compare To 4

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str.CopyTo5B,c,/,str.+ength6Ofor5iLBOiKc.+engthOi446

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str.!tarts#ith5966O


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Console.#rite+ine5Eect Model


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AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA"rovider A The %ata residing in a database is retrieved through data

provider.%ataset A The %ata is cached in a dataset and the application accesses

the data from the dataset.%ataeader A In this method, a %ataeader ob>ect, which is

component of the data provider, uses the connection ob>ect to connect to thedatabase, uses the command ob>ect to retrieves data, and provides data to theapplication in a readAonly and forward only mode.

%ata "rovidersAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

Two types of %ata "roviders

'+E %& %ata "rovider#orks with all type of '+E%& "roviders.namespace A !ystem.%ata.'le%b

!X+ !erver %ata "rovider#orking with !X+ !ervernamespace A !ystem.%ata.!


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!


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UConsole.#rite+ine5Enter pid,pname,


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cmd.Connection.Close56OConsole.#rite+ine5ecord %eleted6O

V

public void view%ata56U


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#IN%'#! $'MC'NT'+C'NT'+/C'NT'+0

&IN%IN(C'NTE*T'&8ECT

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Te7t#riter !tream#riter

%irectory


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ADO.NET

A!tive3 Data O'e!t 8ADO9

.NET pplication to communicate with a database for

inserting,updating and retrieving data.

Features

1. Dis!onne!ted Ar!*ite!ture

pplications connect to the database only while retrieving and

updating data. fter data is retrieved, the connection with the database is

closed.

;. Data !a!*ed in Datasets

dataset is a cached set of database records. #e can work with

the records stored in a dataset as we work with real dataO the only difference

being that the dataset is independent of data source and we remain

disconnected from the data source. s a result, resources are saved and the

database can meet the increasing demands of users more efficiently.


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ADO.NET O'e!t Model

rovider 56The %ata residing in a database is retrieved through data

provider.

Dataset 56 The %ata is cached in a dataset and the application

accesses the data from the dataset.

DataReader 56 In this method, a %ataeader ob>ect, which is

component of the data provider, uses the connection ob>ect to connect to the

database, uses the command ob>ect to retrieves data, and provides data to the

application in a readAonly and forward only mode.

-&.NETpplication5#indows#eb$orms6

%T!ET

C'NNECTI'N

%TE%E

C'MMN%

%T %"TE

%T&!E

"'-I%E!


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Data roviders

Two types of %ata "roviders

O#E D) Data rovider

#orks with all type of '+E%& "roviders.namespace A !ystem.%ata.'le%b

$# $erver Data rovider

#orking with !X+ !ervernamespace A !ystem.%ata.!ect, &y-al e s

!ystem.Eventrgs6 9andles My&ase.+oad

%im con s !


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con.'pen56

Msg&o75Connection 'pened6

con.Close56

End !ub

Conne!ting wit* M$ 5 A!!ess

Imports !ystem.%ata.'le%b

%im con s 'le%bConnection

con L New

'le%bConnection5"roviderLMicrosoft.8et.'+E%&.1.BO%ata

!ourceLddemovb.netsample%&.mdb6

con.'pen56

Msg&o75%atabase Connected6

con.Close56

Data Ada&ter

%ata is transfered to and from a database through a data adapter.

!


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DeleteCommand 56 efers to a data command to delete from a

database

Fill89 Met*od 56$ills the dataset with the records from a database

U&date89 Met*od 56 E7ecutes the correspoding InsertCommand,

;pdateCommand or %eleteCommand row to reflect the changes in the

database.

Eg,

%rag a !


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Eg,

%im con s New !


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%im command s New !


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Dataset O'e!t Model

DATA$ET

%TC'+;MNC'++ECTI'N

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%TT&+E%TE+TI'N

E*TEN%E%"'"ETIE!

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%TE+TI'NC'++ECTI'N

%ataow%ataColumn


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The %ataset is present as a %ataset class in the !ystem.%ata namespace. The

Components of the dataset ob>ect model are

Component %escriptionAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA%ataTableCollection It Contains all the tables retrievedfrom the data source

%ataelationCollection It contains relationships and the linksbetween tables in a dataset

E7tended"roperties It contains additional information,

such as the !X+ statement for retrievingdata and the date time stamp for the retrieveddata

%ataTable It represents a table in the%ataTableCollection of a dataset

%ataelation It represents a relationship in the%ataelationCollection of a dataset

%ataowCollection It contains all the rows in a %ataTable

%ata-iew It represents a fi7ed customi)ed view of a%ataTable

"rimaryPey It represents the column that uni


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D ManuallyD Through a #i)ardD ;sing the !erver E7plorer #indow

Types of %atasetsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

%atasets are of two types.

. Typed/. ;ntyped.

Typed %atasetAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

typed dataset is derived from the %ataset class and has an associated

*M+ schema, which is created at the time of the creation of the dataset. The*M+ schema contains information about the dataset structure, such as thetables, columns and rows. %ata is transferred from a database into a datasetand from the dataset to another component in *M+ format.

*M+ !chema %efinition 5C!%6 language is used to define theelements and attributes of *M+ documents. !ince a typed dataset structureis stored in an *M+ format, the dataset is saved as an *!% file. Thisstructure of a typed dataset is decided at the time of its creation. #hen atyped dataset is created, the data commands are generated automatically byusing the column names from the data source. Tables and their columns can

be accessed by their names while programming.

%im custid as stringcustid L %!Cust.CustomerTracking5B6.CustI%

;ntyped %atasetAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

n untyped dataset does not have any associated *M+ schema. In anuntyped dataset, the tables and columns are represented as collections. !incean *M+ schema is not created for an untyped dataset, the structure of anuntyped dataset is not known during compilation.

%im custid as !tring'le%b%Cust.$ill5%!Cust6


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custid LCType5%!Cust.Tables5CustomerTracking6.ows5B6.Item5CustI%6,!tring6

D ;sing %ata dapterD Comple7 %ata &inding A %ata (rid

Implementing !imple %ata &indingAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

Navigating &etween ecordsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

$or every data source that is bound to a #indows $orm, there e7ists aCurrencyManager ob>ect. The CurrencyManager ob>ect handles the bindingto the data source by keeping a pointer to the current item in the record list.

The Currencymanager class is derived from the &indingManager&ase class.If all the #indows $orm controls are bound to a single %ata source, the formwill have one CurrencyManager ob>ect associated with it. &indingConte7tob>ect, #hich is a #indows $orm ob>ect, is usd to keep track of the e7istingCurrencyManager ob>ects in a form.

%iagram

Connecting to a %atabase through #i)ardAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA. %rag a 'le%& or !


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%ata &indingAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA. !imple %ata &inding/. Comple7 %ata &inding

Comple7 %ata bindingAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

&inding with +istbo7, %atagrid Control with multiple values ormultiple columns

$or %atagrid ControlAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA"roperties

AAAAAAAAAAAAAA%ata!ource A %ataset name%ataMember A Table Name

+ist&o7AAAAAAAAAAAAA

%atasource A %ataset name%isplayMember A Column name

!imple %ata &indingAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

&inding with a single column and single value. ;sed forTe7tbo7.

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%ata&indingsTe7t A Column name

$ormS+oadAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

!


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/. Create dataset0. &inding with controls.

CodingsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA(eneral %eclarationAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA%im bm s &indingManager&ase

$ormS+oadAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA !


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$iltering and !orting %ataAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

Two types of $ilteringAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA. "arameteri)ed Xueries/. $ilter the %ataset

"arameteri)ed XueriesAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA. Create a !ect, &y-al e s!ystem.Eventrgs6 9andles cmd!earch.Click !


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sort L custid asc %im result56 s %ataow result L dt.!elect5cond, sort6 %im ctr s Integer $or ctr L B To result.+ength A lst"rodid.Items.dd5result5ctr65custid6.To!tring6 Ne7t End !ub

"rivate !ub $ormS+oad5&y-al sender s !ystem.'b>ect, &y-al e s!ystem.Eventrgs6 9andles My&ase.+oad !


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+abel CustomerI%+abel $irstname+abel ddress

%ata(rid %(%etail A %ata!ource A %!Master%etail%ataMember A CustomerTracking A

CustomerTrackingCust'rder

Te7t&o7 t7tCustid A %ata&indings A Te7t ACustomerTracking A CustI%Te7t&o7 t7t$name A %ata&indings A Te7t ACustomerTracking A $nameTe7t&o7 t7tddress A %ata&indings A Te7t ACustomerTracking A ddress

CodingsAAAAAAAAAAA

%im bm s &indingManager&ase$ormS+oad56AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!


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ddress -archar5BB6,phoneno numeric526,Email varchar52B6,regdatedatetime6

/. %esign the $orm and &ind the Control

0. CodingsAAAAAAAAAAAAA(eneral %eclarationAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA %im bm s &indingManager&ase %im flag s Integer L B

%im dt s %ataTable %im dr s %ataow %im custid s !tring

$ormS+oadAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!


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flag L %im cid, cidval s !tring %im ctr, len s Integer dt L %sCustomer.Tables5Customer%etails6 len L dt.ows.Count A If 5len K B6 Then cid L CBB Else dr L dt.ows5len6 cidval L dr5Custid6 cidval L Mid5cidval, /, 06 ctr L CInt5cidval6 If 5ctr B nd ctr K @6 Then ctr L ctr 4

cid L CBB Y ctr ElseIf 5ctr L @ nd ctr K @@6 Then ctr L ctr 4 cid L CB Y ctr Else ctr L ctr 4 cid L C Y ctr End If End If t7tCustid.Te7t L cid t7tCustname.$ocus56

ClearTe7tAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA"rivate !ub ClearTe7t56

t7tCustid.Te7t L t7tCustname.Te7t L t7tddr.Te7t L t7t"hno.Te7t L

t7tEmail.Te7t L t7tdate.Te7t L End !ub

btnModifySClickAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAcustid L t7tCustid.Te7t


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flag L /

btn%eleteSClickAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAcustid L t7tCustid.Te7t

flag L 0

btn!aveSClickAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIf flag L Then

dt L %sCustomer.Tables5Customer%etails6 dr L dt.Newow56 dr5B6 L t7tCustid.Te7t dr56 L t7tCustname.Te7t

dr5/6 L t7tddr.Te7t dr506 L t7t"hno.Te7t dr516 L t7tEmail.Te7t dr526 L t7tdate.Te7t dt.ows.dd5dr6 ElseIf flag L / Then dt L %sCustomer.Tables5Customer%etails6 dr L dt.ows.$ind5custid6 dr.&eginEdit56 dr56 L t7tCustname.Te7t dr5/6 L t7tddr.Te7t dr506 L t7t"hno.Te7t dr516 L t7tEmail.Te7t dr526 L t7tdate.Te7t dr.EndEdit56 ElseIf flag L 0 Then dt L %sCustomer.Tables5Customer%etails6 dr L dt.ows.$ind5custid6 dr.%elete56

End If !


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t7tdate.Te7t L !ystem.%ateTime.Today

Crystal eportAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

$or Creating eports and Charts

Three MethodsAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA. Manually/. ;sing !tandard E7pert0. $rom an e7isting eport ManuallyAAAAAAAAAAAAA. Create a #indows $orm

/. $rom "ro>ect Menu A dd New Item A Crystaleport0. Name A evenueeport.rpt A Click 'pen button1. Crystal eport (allery A !elect s a blank eport A Click 'k2. In the $ield E7plorer #indow A %atabase $ields A ight Click A

ddemove %atabase:. !elect '+E%& 5%'6 A Microsoft '+E%& for !X+ server=. ;!er id L saOpasswordLkillerOserverLsystem?OdatabaseLmaster?. !elect Table CustomerTracking A Insert Table A Click $inish@. $rom $ield E7plorer #indow A %rag the e


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?. !elect %isplay $ields A Click ne7t@ !elect (roup $ield A Click Ne7tB. !elect !ummari)ed $ield A Click Ne7t. Chart A !elect chart type A Te7t A Title 5evenue eport6 A

Click Ne7t/. Click ne7t0. Click Ne7t1. Click $inish

2. In the $orm #indow A "lace one crystaleport-iewer Control A"roperties A eport!ource A &rowser and !elect the A evenueeport.rpt

$iltering %ata report

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA. Create a #indows $orm/. Create a !X+%atadapter A !elect Cust'rder and !et the

condition as Cost0BBB0. (enerate a %ata!et with the Name of %!eport1. "ro>ect Menu A dd New Item A Crystaleport2. Name A evenueeport/.rpt A Click 'pen:. Crystal (allery eport A !elect s a blank eport=. In the $ield E7plorer #indow A %atabase $ields A dd emove

%atabase?. !elect "ro>ect %ata A %'.NET A %atastet A %!eport A

Custorder@. $rom $ield E7plorer A %rag the e


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AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA!


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M%I $orms A Multiple %ocument InterfaceEg M! A #ord

%rag MainMenu from Toolbar and set the Name and Caption "roperty$orm A IsMdiContainer A !et to True

Conte7t MenuAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA%rag Conte7t Menu $rom toolbarCreate MenuItems with Itemname$orm A Conte7tMenu "roperty A Conte7tMenu

Toolbar

AAAAAAAAAAA%rag a Image+ist Control A "roperty A Images A dd some Images

%rag a Toolbar Control A"ropertyAAAAAAAAAAImage+ist Image+ist&utton collection dd &uttons with Name and

ImageInde7

#rite Codings

!tatubarAAAAAAAAAAAAA%rag a !tatusbar Control

"ropertyAAAAAAAAAAA!how"anels True"anels dd "anel and !et the Name "roperty

#rite Codings

CodingsAAAAAAAAAAA


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"rivate !ub mnuNewSClick5&y-al sender s !ystem.'b>ect, &y-al es !ystem.Eventrgs6 9andles mnuNew.Click %im myform s New !econd myform.Mdi"arent L Me myform.!how56 End !ub

"rivate !ub mnu!aveSClick5&y-al sender s !ystem.'b>ect, &y-al e s!ystem.Eventrgs6 9andles mnu!ave.Click Msg&o75!ave Clicked6 End !ub

"rivate !ub mnuE7itSClick5&y-al sender s !ystem.'b>ect, &y-al e s!ystem.Eventrgs6 9andles mnuE7it.Click

End End !ub

"rivate !ub $ormS+oad5&y-al sender s !ystem.'b>ect, &y-al e s!ystem.Eventrgs6 9andles My&ase.+oad #indow!tate L $orm#indow!tate.Ma7imi)ed !&"anel/.Te7t L !ystem.%ateTime.Now56 End !ub

"rivate !ub mnu-erticalSClick5&y-al sender s !ystem.'b>ect, &y-al es !ystem.Eventrgs6 9andles mnu-ertical.Click Me.+ayoutMdi5Mdi+ayout.Tile-ertical6 End !ub

"rivate !ub mnu9ori)ontalSClick5&y-al sender s !ystem.'b>ect, &y-ale s !ystem.Eventrgs6 9andles mnu9ori)ontal.Click Me.+ayoutMdi5Mdi+ayout.Tile9ori)ontal6 End !ub

"rivate !ub mnuCascadeSClick5&y-al sender s !ystem.'b>ect, &y-al es !ystem.Eventrgs6 9andles mnuCascade.Click Me.+ayoutMdi5Mdi+ayout.Cascade6 End !ub

"rivate !ub mnurrIconsSClick5&y-al sender s !ystem.'b>ect, &y-al es !ystem.Eventrgs6 9andles mnurrIcons.Click


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Me.+ayoutMdi5Mdi+ayout.rrangeIcons6 End !ub

"rivate !ub mnNewSClick5&y-al sender s !ystem.'b>ect, &y-al e s!ystem.Eventrgs6 9andles mnNew.Click %im myform s New !econd myform.Mdi"arent L Me myform.!how56 End !ub

"rivate !ub mn9oriSClick5&y-al sender s !ystem.'b>ect, &y-al e s!ystem.Eventrgs6 9andles mn9ori.Click Me.+ayoutMdi5Mdi+ayout.Tile9ori)ontal6 End !ub

"rivate !ub mn-ertSClick5&y-al sender s !ystem.'b>ect, &y-al e s!ystem.Eventrgs6 9andles mn-ert.Click Me.+ayoutMdi5Mdi+ayout.Tile-ertical6 End !ub

"rivate !ub Tool&arS&uttonClick5&y-al sender s !ystem.'b>ect,&y-al e s !ystem.#indows.$orms.Tool&ar&uttonClickEventrgs69andles Tool&ar.&uttonClick !elect Case Tool&ar.&uttons.Inde7'f5e.&utton6 Case B %im myform s New !econd myform.Mdi"arent L Me myform.!how56 sb"anel.Te7t L New $ormCase Msg&o75!ave ClickedF6 sb"anel.Te7t L !ave $orm Case /

sb"anel.Te7t L E7it $orm End End !elect End !ub


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