DoorsBecca Bohls

Professor BrodyConstruction & Materials II (ID 206)

March 26, 2014

History• Created to provide protection to elements and

intruders• Earliest record of door usage is represented in

Egyptian tomb paintingso Showed single and double doors made of single piece of wood

• Most ancient doors made of timbero Olive, Elm, Cedar, Oak, & Cypress

• Ancient doors hung by pivots• Stone doors were made in places that lacked

timber

History• Ancient Greek and Roman doors were single, double, sliding,

and folding• 1st cen. AD – Greek scholar Heron of Alexandria creates

earliest known automatic door in Rome• 604-618 – first foot sensor activated door created in China• 1136-1206 – Al Jarezi visualized and created first automated

gate by hydro power• During Italian Renaissance doors were simple because

architects put focus on its effect• France and Germany doors were elaborately carved, while

Italy gave scale to doors by adding panels • 17th cen. England door panels were raised with bolectin

(protecting moldings) and sometimes richly carved• 18th cen. Molding worked on stiles and rails carved with egg

and tongue ornament

Doors Through History

5,000 year old stone age door found in Switzerland

Roman folding door in Pompeii

Florence Baptistery of San Giovanni

The Columbus doors

Number 10 Downing Street

Types of Door Styles• Swinging doors (single or double leaves)• Pivot doors• Bifold doors• Dutch doors• Sliding doors• Pocket doors• Coiling partitions and accordion doors for large

openings

Door Construction• Hallow core• Solid core• Flat panel solid wood• Raised panel solid wood• Hardboard• Fiberglass• Metal

Construction Detail

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmwKtajnDuA

Specification Concerns• Size

o Standard Sizes• Width = 2’, 2’-4”, 2’-6”, 2’-8”, 3’, 3’-4”, 3’-6”, 3’-8”, 4’ • Height =6’-8”, 7’, 7’-2”, 7’-10”, 8’• Thickness = 1 3/8” (residential), 1 3/4” (commercial) , 2”

o Custom would cost more

• Unrated or Fire-Rated• Sound Rated Door• Preparation for hardware

Code Requirements• International Building Code

o Section 1710.5

• International Residential Codeo Section R612

• Must be tested and labeled according to AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440-11

• NFPA 80

Costs• Low cost door = $75-$200• Average door = $400-$500• Custom doors can cost several thousand dollars• Steel doors generally cheaper than wood or

fiberglass• Installation Cost = roughly $300

Supply Concerns• Double check measurements of door opening• Door may have to be shaved down on spot• Can buy door at local store or order

o May be back ordered

Installation• Prehung

o Slipped into door bucks (built y rough carpenters)o Shimmed to level themo Shims nailed in place along door jambo Nails set below the surface with nail set o Lastly they are puttied

• Loose-leafo Installed into completed site built jambso Hinges are mortised in and attached to the door and jambs by

carpenter on site

Relative Sustainability• Can be built from sustainable or recycled material• Energy Efficient options

o Well insulated exterior doors

• Low VOC stain and paint options

Innovative Doors• Evolution Door by Klemens Torggler Doors• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umfvm8I9_oU• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_XOCDLrfwh8

• Coral Door in Florida

Manufacturers• Masonite http://www.masonite.com/• Jeld Wen http://www.jeld-wen.com/• Pella http://www.pella.com/home/default.aspx• Kolbe http://www.kolbe-kolbe.com/index.cfm• Reilly http://www.reillywd.com/#skip• Marvin http://www.marvin.com/

Summary• Material Name: Doors• CSI Section: Division 08• Application: dividing entries and rooms• Cost: $400-$500• Supply Concerns: Door must precisely fit door

opening• Specifications: Size, Material, Finish, Fire-rating,

Hardware• Relative Sustainability: use sustainable materials• Code Requirements: NFPA 80, IBC 1710.5, IRC

Section R612• Fun Activity: Group Scavenger Hunt

Group Scavenger Hunt• 45 min Fire-Rated Door• 60 min Fire-Rated Door• Non Fire-Rated Door• Automatic Door• Glass Door

LET’S GO GUYS!!