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PPHS-Project-Series No. 5 I DOMICILIARY COCKROACH i SPECIES IN THAILAND i 1 "Promotion of Provincial I ' Health Services"

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Page 1: DOMICILIARY COCKROACH SPECIES IN THAILANDwebdb.dmsc.moph.go.th/ifc_nih/applications/files/cockroach.pdf · Domiciliary cockroach species in Thailand Syoziro ASAHINA (National Institute

PPHS-Project-Series No. 5

I DOMICILIARY COCKROACH i SPECIES IN THAILAND i 1

"Promotion of Provincial I '

Health Services"

Page 2: DOMICILIARY COCKROACH SPECIES IN THAILANDwebdb.dmsc.moph.go.th/ifc_nih/applications/files/cockroach.pdf · Domiciliary cockroach species in Thailand Syoziro ASAHINA (National Institute

P r e f a c e

Cock roach i 5 one o i t h e most Impor ta r t i n s e c t from t l i c ~ i i e w

po in t o f p u b l i c h e a l t h , because t h e y a r e l i v i n g i n very d i r t y p l a c c and

c o n t a c t wi th our d a i l v foods o f t e n . ?Ie\:erthclcss, we h a r e no s t l i t a b l e

p u b l i c a t i o n which e x p l a i n about cockroaches , even Ear ~ l s u o l s p c c i e s F v u ~ ~ d

i n our houses .

D r . S y o z i r o ASAHINA i s one o f t h e memhcrs o f domest ic committee

o f o u r p r o j e c t i n J a p a n , and he i s c o n t i n u r i n g h i s r e s e a r c h worhs f o r

ASEAN-specicr. o f c o i k ~ u a c h e s now. So we asked him t o p u b l i s h t h e handbook

on d o m i c i l i a r y species of cackroachs i n Thai land, f o r convenience o f

Thai l a b o r a t o r i a n , who vol>ld l i k e t o hnvc some Icnowledgc on t h i s i n s e c t

group

D r . ASAHINA has zcc$ted o u r a sk ing , and agreed t o i n c l ~ l d e t h i s

p u b l i s h i n g a s one volume of PPHS-Handbook S e r i e s . We would l i k e t o express

our l ~ r a r t i l y t h a n k s t o him f o r h i s g e n c r o u s i t y .

We are sure that t h ~ s harldbook w i l l be u s c f u l f o r a l l p e r s o n e l s

who a r e working i n puh1 i r h e a l t h f i c l d , i n s p i t e o f i t s smal l volume.

D r . P a n c h i t t a FRACLW.ZPAKA M. D

P r o j e c t D i r e c t o r

D r . Mep~mi FIASEGAWA PhD

.Japanese Team 1,cnder

Page 3: DOMICILIARY COCKROACH SPECIES IN THAILANDwebdb.dmsc.moph.go.th/ifc_nih/applications/files/cockroach.pdf · Domiciliary cockroach species in Thailand Syoziro ASAHINA (National Institute

D o m i c i l i a r y cock roach s p e c i e s i n T h a i l a n d

S y o z i r o ASAHINA

( N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e o f H e a l t h , Toliyo)

About 4000 s p e c i e s o f t h e cock roaches ( B l a t t a r i a ) a r e e s t i m a t e d t a

be found i n t h e world:. The m a j o r i t y o f them are d w e l l e r s i n t r o p i c a l

f a r e s t , bu t a b o u t f i f t y s p e c i e s a r e t r e a t e d as d o m i c i l i a r y p e s t s o r house

f r e q u e n t i n g i n s e c t s . Ln T h a i l a n d abou t t e n s p e c i e s a r e found a t p r e s e n t i n

t h e human d w e l l i n g s , and t h e y a r e b e l i e v e d t o be main h o u s e p e s t s . T h e i r

body s i z e , c o l o r a t i o n and d i a g n o s t i c c h a r a c t e r s w i l l be n o t e d i n t h e f a l l u w -

i n g l i n e s . A l l t h e s p e c i e s were a c t u a l l y t a k e n i n C h a n t a b u r i P r o v i n c e ,

e x c e p t i n g na .8 which was found i n Bangkok.

I . B l a t t i d a e

G e n e r a l l y l a r g e - s i z e d {nd l ong l egged i n s e c t s . The v e n t r a l s i d e nf

t h e meso- and metafemora armed ' w i t h w e l l deve loped two rows of s p i n e s .

T a r s a l c l aw s y m m e t r i c a l . Suhana l p l a t e o f t h e m 3 l e s y m m e t r i c a l (Periplaneta- - t y p e ) , female s u b a n a l p l a t e making l o n g i t u d i n a l l y d i v i d e d s t r o n g v a l v e s .

Ovipary .

1. Periplanet.3 arnericma (Linnii) The American c o c k r o a c h

B igges t cock roach found i n t h e h o u s e s . Bady l e n g t h 33-40mm (g), 30-35mm(q), f o r e w i n g l e n g t h 30-35mm(6), 25-30mm($L). C o l a r a t i a n a f t h e bodg.

and wings s h i n i n g c h e s t n u t brown, wi.th a y e l l o w i s h c i r c u l a r marking on t h c

p r o t h o r a x . D i a g n o s t i c c h a r a c t e r s o f t h e male : The c e r c u s v e r y l o n g , and

narrowed a t t h e d i s t a l segments o f i . t , s n p r a a n a l p l a t e l a r g e and produced

backwards w i t h b r o a d l y d i v i d e d e n d . D i a g n o s t i c c h a r a c t e r o f t h e f ema le :

The s u p r a a n a l p l a t e w e l l prodtcced hackwards , and d e e p l y d i v i d e d d i s t a l l y .

2 . Periplaneta aus i r a l a s i ae ( F a b r i c i u s ) me i l i ~ i i r a l i a i l cock roach

S l i g h t l y s m a l l e r t h a n t h e p r e c v d i n g s p e c i e s . Bady l e n g t h 25-30

(81, abou t 30mm($). Forewing l e n g t h 25-?7mm(&), 25mm($). C o l o r a t i o n o f t h e

body and wings s h i n i n g c h e s t n u t brown, bu t d a r k e r t h a n t h o s e o f t h e p r e -

c e d i n g s p c c i e s . A d i s t i n c t y e l l o w i s h c i r c u l a r marking w i t h d i v i d i n g

median b l a c k l i n e o n t h e p r o t h o r a x . D i a g n o s t i c c h a r a c t e r s o f h o t h s e x e s :

The a n t e r i o r margin o f t h r f o r ewing d i s t i n c t l y y e l l o w a t t h e b a s a l p a r t .

Male s u p r a a n a l p l a t e s h o r t w i t h s h a r p l y a n g l e d l a t v r a l c o m e r , subanal.

-1-

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p1.ate produced backwards beyond t h e s u p r a a n a l p l a t e , v e r y s h a l l o w l y

b i l o b e d a L t h e e n d . Female s u p r a a n a l p l a t e w e l l produced l i k e P. americana

b u t n e i t h e r b r o a d l y h i l o b e d as t h a t of P. americana, n o r c l o s e l y s h u t as

t h a t o f brunnea

3 . k r ip lane t .3 brunnea ( R r ~ r m e i s t e r ) Thc l a r g e b r a w , ~ cuckroach

Body s i z e n e a r l y t h e same w i t h t h a t o f t h e p r e c e d i n g s p e c i e s . Body

and wing c o l o r a t i o n c h e s t n u t brown a s e. arnericzna. The y e l l o w i s h marking

on t h e p r o t h b r a x ambiguous, vague ly y e l l o w i s h t i n t e d a l l o v e r . No y c l l o u

marg in i n t h e f o r e w i n g . Male s u p r a a n a l p l a t e v e r y s h o r t and inconsp icuous

w i t h i t s l a t e r a l c o r n e r s rounded, w h i l e t h e r u b a n a l p l a t e exLending beyond

i t and v e r y s h a l l o w l y b i l o b e d . Female s u p r a a n a l p l a t e b i l o b c d but t h e

median n o t c h i s s l i g h t and n o t opened b r o a d l y .

4 . Neostylopyga rhombi f 0 l i a (Stool .) The H a r l e q u i n cockroach - - Body l e n g t h a b o u t 20mm($), and 25m(!$). A r ~ m a r k a b l e i n s e c t w i t h

m a r r o r a t e d body p a t t e r n , y e l l o w and b l a c k . Forewings a r e degene ra t ed i n t o

slnall s c a l e - l i k e l o b e s , hindwing e n t i r e l y a b s e n t .

5 . Hebardina nna (DeHaan)

Sma l l - s i zed i n s e c t , body l e n g t h 1 8 m ( h ) and 15mm(!$). Forewing

l c n g t h 1 4 ~ ~ 1 ( 6 ) , lOmm(9). Wings s h i n i n g d e e p c h e s t n u t brown, no marking on

t he Body. LEES a r e of t h e same c o l o u r bu t p a l c r . Pa rhaps t h i s s p e c i e s i s

a f r e q u e n t i y v a d e r t o hllsan dwell i.ngs . S c a r c e .

11. B l a t t e l l i d a e

S m l l and u s u a l l y lone- legged i n s e c t s . T h e i :en t ra l s i d e of meso-

and meta iemora armed w i t h w e l l deve loped two rows of s p i n e s . Male snhana l

p l a t e a s y m m e t r i c a l , f c n a l e subana l p l a t e n o t l o n g i t u d i n a l l y d i v i d e d .

N e i t h e r d a r k p u n c t u a t i o n n o r pubescence on t h e p r o t h o r a c i c t e r g i c e .

Hindwing w i t h o u t any remArknble t r i a n g u l a r a r e a a t L l l e nurg in betwcen Cu 1

and ? A v e i n . Ov ipa ry .

6 . m t t e l l ~ germanica (LinnC) Illr German cock roach

Small sj.zed f l a t hodied i n s e c t . . Body l c n g t h c a . 121111uf3) and llmm

(9). Forewing l c n g t h 10mm(8), limn($). C o l o r a c i o ~ l e n t i r e l y p a l e b r o m i s h

and s h i n i n g . There i s a p a i r o f s h o r t h l a c k s t r ~ p e s on t h e p r o t h o r a .

Page 5: DOMICILIARY COCKROACH SPECIES IN THAILANDwebdb.dmsc.moph.go.th/ifc_nih/applications/files/cockroach.pdf · Domiciliary cockroach species in Thailand Syoziro ASAHINA (National Institute

Abdominal end o f t h e male w i t h t h e s u b a n a l p l a t e nar row and i t s l e f t s i d e

d e e p l y d e n t e d ; l e f t s t y l ~ t s l a r g e r and a l i t t l e a p a r t f rom t h e r i g h t o n e .

Female abdominal end w i t h t h e s u p r a a n a l p l a t e b r o a d l y t r i a n g u l a r . end ing i n

a round head . Always found i n human h o u s e s o f w e s t e r n s t y l e , n e v e r fciund

from t h e f i e l d .

7. -- Blattella lituric01 l iS' - ( i i a l k e r ) The srraller German cockroach

C l o s e l y a l l i e d t o t h e p r e c e d i n g s p e c i e s b u t s m a l l e r i n s i z e . Body

l0mm(8), lOmn(?); f o r e w i n g 8-9m1(3'), 9mm($!). Gene ra l body c o l o r a t i o n much

p a l e r t h a n t h a t of t h e p r e c e d i n g s p e c i e s . The p a i r e d b l a c k mark ings o n t h e

p r o t h o r a x nar rower and more wide ly s e p a r a t e d . Male s u p r a a n a l p l a t e l o n g ,

s p a t u l a - l i k e , s u b a n a l p l a t e a s y - e t r i c a l , r i g h t s h o u l d e r s t r o n g l y produced

and t h e d e n t on l e f t s i d e r e m a r k a b l e . L e f t s t y l u s s m a l l , s p h a e r i c a l w i t h

5-6 s p i n e s ; r i g h t s t y l u s q u i t e minu te , t h e two s t y l i w ide ly a p a r t . Female

s u p r a a n a l p l a t c b r o a d l y t r i a n g u l a r , t h e apex s l i g h t l y d e n t e d . D e c i d e d l y

wi ld s p e c i e s , b u t found on t h e groubd around houses .

8 . Supella longipalpa ( F a b r i c i u s ) The brown-banded cockroach

Small weakly b u i l t i n s e c t s . Body l e n g t h 1 0 - 1 3 m ( 8 ) . 1 0 m ( $ ) . Male

s l e n d e r , p a l e brownish w i t h l o n g wings . Female w i t h rouod ly shaped abdomen,

w i th s h o r t wings , t h e end of f o r e w i n g d o e s n o t r each t h e abdominal e n d .

The re a r e twu b road t r a n s v e r s e b l a c k bands on t h e forewing when t h e wings

a r e c l o s e d on t h e abdomen, h e n c e t h e common name. Antenna and l e g s a r e

ex t r eme ly l o n g and s l e n d e r . Found i n t h e b u i l d i n g s , b u t n o t comnon.

EIiddle-sized i n s e c t s . The v e n t r a l s i d e o f meso- and metafemora

w i t h o u t s p i n e . Anal a r e a of h indwing i s f o l d e d f a n - l i k e when c l o s e d . On

t h e e x t e r n a l s i d e o f t i b i a e t h e r e a r e t h r e e rows o f s p i n e s . Subana l p l a t e

P,.cnoscelid-?;PC ( z h o r t and a s y p m e t r i c a l , w i t h a s i n g l e s cyh i s ! .

Ovovivipary .

9 . PyCn0SCeliS suri namensi~ (LinnC) The Sur inam cockroach ---

A dumpy s p e c i e s . Body l e n g t h 1 3 - 1 7 m ( 8 ) , and 15-18mm(?). Forewing

l e n g t h 1.4-18rnm(8), 12-l imm(9). The wing end o f t h e male s u r p a s s e s t h e abdo-

m i n a l end when c l o s e d . The fernale wing end a r r i v i n g t h e end of abdomen.

P r o t h o r a x sh in i .ng deep brown i n bo th s e x e s w i t h na r row y e l l o w i s h a n t e r i o r

marg in . Wings a r e y e l l o w i s h brown, w i t h y e l l o w i s h a n t e r i o r marg in . Male

- 3 -

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s u b a n a l p l a t e a s y m m e t r i c a l , i t s l e f t s i d e p roduced . Ovoviviparous .

Invad ing i n t o f l o o r and ground u n d e r r o o f .

I V . Oxyhalo idae

Middle-s ized i n s e c t s . l b e v e n t r a l s i d e of meso- and metafemora

w i t h o u t s p i n e . Anal a r e a of h indr i ing f o l d e d f a n - l i k e when c l .osed . On t h e

e x t e r n a l s i d e of t i b i a e t h e r e are t h r e e ( o r f o u r ) rows of s p i n e s . Suhanal

p l a t e Oxyhalo id- type ( s h o r t and a s y n m e t r i c a l w i t h p a i r e d s t y l i ) .

Ovav iv ipa ry .

10. Nauphoeta cine re^ ( 0 l i . v i e r ) The l o b s t e r cockroach

A medium-sized dumpy s p e c i e s w i t h s h o r t l e g s . Body l e n g t h 23rnm($),

24-30m($) . C o l o r a t i o n e n t i r e l y g r e y i s h brown, w i th na r row h l a c k s t r i p e on

t h e s i d e of p r o t h o r a x . O o a v i v i p a r o u s . U s u a l l y found f rom f o o d s t o r e -

h o u s e s .

Page 7: DOMICILIARY COCKROACH SPECIES IN THAILANDwebdb.dmsc.moph.go.th/ifc_nih/applications/files/cockroach.pdf · Domiciliary cockroach species in Thailand Syoziro ASAHINA (National Institute

A s i m p l i f i e d key t o Lhe p e s t cock roach s p e c i e s o f T h a i l a n d

1. Wings a b s e n t o r d e g e n e r a t e d i n t o s m a l l s c a l e - l i k e l o b e s - - - - - - - - - 2

Wings l o n g , u s u a l l y e x c r n d i n g beyond t h e abdominal e n d , o r a t

l e a s t r e a c h i n g t h e midd le of abdominal segments ---------------- 3

2 . Wings e n t i r e l v a b s e n t , o r showing wing-hods a s l a t e r a l

s w e l l i n g s f rom t h e s i d e o f t h o r a x l a r v a l s t a g e

Wings d e g e n e r a t e d i n t o s m a l l s c a l e - l i k e l o b e s , o n l y f o r e w i n g s

p r e s e n t ; body marking marmorated ------- Neostylopyga rhombi fo l i a

3. Body s m a l l , s m a l l e r t h a n 2Dmm; wings a lmos t y e l l o w i s h brown o r

e n t i r e l y brovr, ------ - ................................. 4

Body l a r g e r , l a r g e r t h a n EOrmn; body and wings d a r k brownish o r

brown 8

4 . Body abilut Z O m m , dumpy and robus t i , p r o t h o r a x d a r k b rown i sh

margined y e l l o w i s h a n t e r i o r l y - - - - - - - pycnoscel is su r inanens is -

Body l e s s t h a n 2 0 m , p r o t h o r a x n o t as above 5

5 . Body s l i g h t l y l e s s t han ?0nm, e n t i r e l y s h i n l n g c h e s t n u t brown.

legs a r e paler ----------------.-------------- ~ ~ b ~ ~ d i ~ a concinna

6 . Body e n t i r e l y p a l e brownish w i t h a p a i r e d b l a c k s t r i p e s on t h e

prot,,orax 7

Body g e n e r a l l y p a l e brownish w i t h o u t p a i r e d b l a c k s t r i p e s on

p ro tho rax ................................. Supe l l a lonci palpa J ----

7 . Rody r a t h e r r e d d i s h brown, 12 -15m f rom t h e head t o t h e wing

a p i c e s ; a lways d o m e s t i c ...................... B l a t t e l l a g f rmanica

Body p a l e brownish , less t h a n 12mm; a lways w i l d i n s e c t ---------- -----------------.-------- E l a t t e l l a l i t u r i c o l l i s --

8 . Rody a l m o s i y e l l c w ~ s h b r o w ~ , dumpy and r o b u s t w i t h s h ~ o r t l e g s ,

body l c n g L h about 25mm. ........................ Nauphoeta c i nerea

Body l a r g e r , c o l o r a t i o n c h e s t n u t brown 9

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9 . Forewing w i t h a d i s t i n c t ye l lowish s t r i p e along t h e a n t e r i o r

harder .................................. peri laneta australasiae

No ye l lowish s t r i p e a n the forewing, p r o t h o r a c i c t e r g i t e with

yellowish ............................................. 10

10. The p r o t h o r a c i c marklng c i r c u l a r , male supraanal p l a t e l a r g e

and broad ly b i l a b z d , longer than t h e subanal p l a t e ; female

su2raanal p l a t e long and widely b i lobed ---- P e r i p l a n e t a americana

The p r p t h a r a c i c marking ambiguous, male supraana l p l a t e incon-

sp icuous and s h o r t e r than t h e subanal p l a t e ; female supraanal

pl.ate s h o r t and t h e b i lobed apex no t separa ted widely---------

--------------------- P e r i p l a n e t a brunnea - -

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d q q ~ ~ u u i u u n u ~ ~ a u a ~ i ~ i a w ~ : : 7 J ~ ~ m a l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l u ~ i a u " l u 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ v i f l ~ v l u

Keys to d o m e s t i c a t e species of cockroach in T h a i l a n d

Page 10: DOMICILIARY COCKROACH SPECIES IN THAILANDwebdb.dmsc.moph.go.th/ifc_nih/applications/files/cockroach.pdf · Domiciliary cockroach species in Thailand Syoziro ASAHINA (National Institute

" - K-irn, n r - i u u - ~ ? s i n f i ? i i u d a i u n a u u i ? n ~ i e, li.u,; Z q a " ? - ~ ~ ~ a z

" a *- ~ n i i $ u < n i a L S U , u i m i a ~ ~ n u nia u i m i a i l u L W I .....................

.................................... pyc r rvsce l i s surinamensis

Page 11: DOMICILIARY COCKROACH SPECIES IN THAILANDwebdb.dmsc.moph.go.th/ifc_nih/applications/files/cockroach.pdf · Domiciliary cockroach species in Thailand Syoziro ASAHINA (National Institute

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%ds? ~ a u a a lwen n u b %1u-.auE7 L ~ C J U I ~ U ~ Z L I U ~ ~ I ~ F ~ U R ~ \ I ~ ~ ~ I U

..................................... Periplaneta americana "

- r a u u n u u u n n d ~ a ~ i u ~ ~ r l ~ ~ f l ~ n a r u r , i s w 3 r ; cydsi ~ a u u a ~ w a n , u a u X 7 y

.. ..... Periplaneta brunnea ................................

Page 13: DOMICILIARY COCKROACH SPECIES IN THAILANDwebdb.dmsc.moph.go.th/ifc_nih/applications/files/cockroach.pdf · Domiciliary cockroach species in Thailand Syoziro ASAHINA (National Institute

Plate 1.

Plate 1. Domiciliary cockroaches of Thailand

1: Periplaneta americana 2: Periplaneta australasiae

3: Periplaneta brunnea 4: Neostylopyga rhombifolia

5: Bebardina c o n c i ~ a 6: Blattella ~ennanica

7: Blattella lituricollis 8: Supella longipalpa

9: Pycnoscelis surinamensis 10: Nauphoeta cinerea

A: Male insect B: Female insect C: Larval form

1-4,Q-10: Slightly reduced in size 5-8: Natural size.

Page 14: DOMICILIARY COCKROACH SPECIES IN THAILANDwebdb.dmsc.moph.go.th/ifc_nih/applications/files/cockroach.pdf · Domiciliary cockroach species in Thailand Syoziro ASAHINA (National Institute

Abdominal end of t h r e e Perij laneia species - - -

1: Periplaneta --- americana 8 sup raana l p l a t e 2 : 8:~e S ~ X W Z + 3: Feri planeta brunnea 8 supraann l p l a t e 6 : %i2 saw.? C 5: - Periplaneta -- a_ustralasiae $ sup raana l p l a t e 6 : Ghr .;argz 2