domed structures

7/23/2019 Domed Structures

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DOMED STRUCTU


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WHAT ARE DOMEDSTRUCTURES?

In architecture, theseare hemispherical

structures evolvedfrom the arch, usuallyformn! a "eln! or roof#


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WHAT IS A DOME?

A domes an element of ar"hte"ture

that resem$les the hollow upperhalf of a sphere# Dome stru"tures

made of varous materals have a lon!ar"hte"tural lnea!e e%tendn! nto

&rehstory#

The En!lsh 'ord dome ultmatelyderves from the (ree) and *atndomus, 'h"h 'as used u& throu!h theRenassan"e to la$el a revered house,su"h as a Domus De, or +House of (od,

re!ardless of the sha&e of ts roof#


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Chara"terst"s of a Dome-

A dome s a rounded vault made of ether"urved se!ments or a shell of revoluton, meann! anar"h rotated around ts "entral vert"al a%s#

A hems&her"al dome "an $e .#/ tmes thnner than asem"r"ular ar"h

Unl)e voussorar"hes, 'h"h re1ure su&&ort for ea"helement untl the )eystones n &la"e, domes aresta$le durn! "onstru"ton as ea"h level s made a"om&lete and self2su&&ortn! rn!#
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voussoirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystone_(architecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystone_(architecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voussoir


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Corbel domes a"heve ther sha&e $y

extending each horizontallayer of stones inward sl!htlyfarther than the &revous, lo'er, one untlthey meet at the to These are sometmes"alled false domes# True, or real, domes areformed 'th n"reasn!ly n'ard2an!led layersof voussors 'h"h have ultmately turned 34de!rees from the $ase of the dome to the to

Domes have $een "onstru"ted from a 'devarety of $uldn! materals over the

"entures- from mudto stone, 'ood,$r"), "on"rete, metal, !lass and&last"#


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S5M6O*ISM

An"ent-

7rom the late Stone A!e the dome2sha&ed tom$ 'as used as a re&rodu"ton of the an"estral,

shelter made &ermanent as a venerated home of the dead#

Medeval-

Sym$ol of 'sdom

Cosmos 8Unverse9

Modern-

In the Renassan"e the dome $e!an to $e a sym$ol throu!hout Euro&e of the unity of re


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(E:ERA* T5;ES O7 DOMES-

6EEHI


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6U*6OUS DOME

6ul$ous domes are those 'h"h bulge outbeyond their base diameters, o=ern! a&ro@le !reater than a hems&here# They$e"ame &o&ular n the se"ond half of the /th"entury n the *o' Countres of :orthernEuro&e, &oss$ly ns&red $y the @nals ofmnarets n E!y&t and Syra, and develo&ed nthe Bth and th "entures n the :etherlands$efore s&readn! to (ermany, $e"omn! a&o&ular element of the $aro1ue ar"hte"ture ofCentral Euro&e#


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C*OISTERED


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CROSSED 2 ARCHED DO

One of the earliest types of

vault, the @rst )no'n e%am&les are found n the reC"rdoba n the 4th "entury# Rather than meeting in thedome, the r$s "hara"terst"ally nterse"t one another o=2"an empty polygonal space in the center# (eometry s athe des!ns, 'th the o"ta!on $en! &erha&s the most &o&ul


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(EODESIC DOME

(eodes" domes are the u&&er &orton of !eodes" s&h

"om&osed of a framewor# of triana polyhedron pattern# The stru"tu&on o"tahedrons or tetrahedrons# Su"h domes "an $e "lmted num$er of sm&le elements and onts and e"edomes nternal for"es#

MontrealBiosphere.Montreal,

Canada.


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HEMIS;HERICA* DOME

The hems&her"al dome s half of a

s&here# A""ordn! to E# 6ald'n Smth, t

'as a sha&e l)ely )no'n to theAssyrans, de@ned $y (ree) theoret"almathemat"ans, and standarded $yRoman $ulders#


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O:IO: DOME

An onon dome s a !reater than hems&her"al

dome 'th a pointed top in an ogeepro$le# They are ty&"ally 'ooden, althou!hmasonry e%am&les are found n late Mu!halar"hte"ture# They are found mostly n eastern

ar"hte"ture, &art"ularly n Russa, Tur)ey, Inda,and the Mddle East# An onon dome s a ty&e ofar"hte"tural dome usually asso"ated 'thRussan Orthodo% "hur"hes# Su"h a dome slar!er n dameter than the drum t s set u&onand ts he!ht usually e%"eeds ts 'dth#


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O


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;ARA6O*IC DOME

A &ara$ol" dome s a un1ue stru"ture n 'h"h $endn! sthe unformly dstr$uted load of ts dead load s ero# Hen"eused n $uldn!s n an"ent tmes, $efore the advent of "om

stru"tures# Ho'ever f a &ont load s a&&led on the a&e% of dome, the $endn! stress $e"omes n@nte# Hen"e t s foundan"ent stru"tures, the a&e% of the dome s st=ened or the sto avod the n@nte stress#


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SAI* DOME

Also "alled sail vaults, ha

vaults, domical vaults,pendentive domesvaults, or Byzantine domes, ths ty&e "an

of as pendentives that, rather thtou"hn! ea"h other to form a "r"ular drum or "om&ound dome, smoothly "on"urvature to form the dome tself# The dthe m&resson of a s1uare sal &nned do'"orner and $llo'n! u&'ard# These "athou!ht of as sau"er domes u&on &endent

A pendentive s a "onstru"tv&ermttn! the &la"n! of a "r"ular doms1uare room or an ell&t"al dome over a rroom#FG The &endentves, 'h"h are se!ments of a s&here, ta&er to &onts at tand s&read at the to& to esta$lsh the ""r"ular or ell&t"al $ase needed for the do
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendentiveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendentives


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SAUCER DOME

Also "alled a "alotte, ths s a low pitched

shallow domethat s des"r$ed !eometr"a"r"ular $ase and a se!mental se"ton# Many of the lar!est eare of ths sha&e#

Waterfront Hall.

Belfast, reland.

!uperdome.

ouisiana, #!$#


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UM6RE**A DOME

Also "alled gadrooned, %uted, organ&piped, pumpkin, melon, ri''ed,

parachute, scalloped, or lo'ed domes,these are a ty&e of dome divided atthe base into curved segments,'h"h follo' the "urve of the elevaton#

Haggia !ophia.

stan'ul, (urkey

domed structures

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