doe wind program technology trends and strategic plans

8/2/2019 DOE Wind Program Technology Trends and Strategic Plans

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Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel

Brian SmithBrian SmithNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryNational Renewable Energy Laboratory

Wind & HydropowerWind & Hydropower

Technologies ProgramTechnologies Program

UWIGUWIG -- October 23, 2003October 23, 2003

DOE Wind ProgramDOE Wind Program

Technology TrendsTechnology Trendsand Strategic Plansand Strategic Plans



4,685 MWas of 12/31/02



GE WIND

1.5 MW




Cost of Energy TrendCost of Energy Trend

1979: 40 cents/kWh

• IncreasedTurbine Size

• R&D Advances

• ManufacturingImprovements

NSP 107 MW Lake Benton wind farm4 cents/kWh (unsubsidized)

2004:3 - 5 cents/kWh in Class 6(Class 6 = 15 mph at 10 m)

2000:4 - 6 cents/kWh




Wind Program StructureWind Program StructureFY 2004 Budget Request: $41.6 MFY 2004 Budget Request: $41.6 M

Goal ABy 2012, COE from

large systems in Class4 winds

3 cents/kWh onshore or5 cents/kWh offshore

(Program Strategic

Performance Goal)

Goal CBy 2012, complete

program activities forelectric power marketrules, interconnection

impacts, operatingstrategies, and system

planning

Goal DBy 2010, at least

100 MW installed in30 states.

ProgramGoals

Technology Appli cat ionTechnology Viability

Low WindSpeedTechnology

SystemsIntegrationDistributedWindTechnology

TechnologyAcceptance

Goal BBy 2007, COE from

distributed windsystems

10-15 cents/kWhin Class 3

SupportingResearch

and Testing

SupportingEngineeringand Analysis




Transmission Line230 KV and greaterMajor Load Center

Wind Power Classification

13-14

15+

Good/Excellent

Outstanding

4-5

6

Wind Speed at 10

m (mph)

Resource

Potential

Wind Power

Class

Low Wind Speed OpportunityLow Wind Speed OpportunityWind Power Class 4 and Greater, Transmission and Load Centers




Low Wind Speed TechnologyLow Wind Speed Technology

Goal: By 2012, reduce COE from large systems in Class 4 winds to3 cents/kWh onshore or 5 cents/kWh offshore

Rationale: Shorten distance to load centers and open 20 times moreland for wind development (both onshore and offshore)

Strategy: Multiple rounds of public/private partnerships for concepts,components, and systems

Trent Mesa, TX




Clipper WindpowerClipper WindpowerLow Wind Speed Turbine ProjectLow Wind Speed Turbine Project

Project Objective

• Develop advanced MW-scale windturbine designed for low windspeed applications and capable ofachieving LWST project COE goal

Prototype Technical Specifications

• 2.5 MW rated capacity• 93 m rotor diameter, 3 blades

• Distributed-generator drive trainwith variable speed operation

Prototype Test Status• 2.5 MW prototype turbine plannedfor installation and testing atCalifornia site in mid-2004

1st prototype D-GEN ® drive train conceptunder test at the National Wind Technology – 1.5 MW with two-stage gearbox/8 wound field

generators




Clipper Team Turbine ExperienceClipper Team Turbine Experience




Clipper CClipper C--93 Blade Pattern93 Blade Pattern

New 45.2 meter prototype blade under fabrication in Brazil




GE Wind EnergyGE Wind Energy

Low Wind Speed Turbine ProjectLow Wind Speed Turbine ProjectProject Objective

• Develop advanced MW-scale wind

turbine designed for low wind speedapplications and capable ofachieving LWST project COE goal

Baseline Technical Specifications

• 3.6 MW rated capacity, designed for

offshore applications• 104 m rotor diameter, 3 blades

• Active blade pitch control withadvanced electronics and variable

speed operationPre-Prototype Test Status

• 3.6 MW pre-prototype turbineplanned for installation at onshoreCA or NY site in mid-20041st GE 3.6 MW baseline turbine operating

at Barrax, Spain since 2002




GE Wind EnergyGE Wind Energy

3.6 MW Offshore Turbine3.6 MW Offshore Turbine

GE 3.6 MW machines in 25 MW Arklow Bank Offshore Wind Park, Ireland




Objectives• Obtain detailed wind fields,

turbulence, and associatedatmospheric measurements inthe nocturnal boundary layer

• Characterize inflow features

that can impact operation oflarge turbines in Great Plainswhere low-level jet streamsare expected to occur

• Use results to developsimulations for machinedesign and operationalforecasting

GE Wind 120 meter meteorological tower south

of Lamar, Colorado

LowLow--level Jet Turbulence Field Testlevel Jet Turbulence Field Test




Project MotivationProject Motivation

• Strong, coherent motions arecommon in the nocturnalmixed layer

• Coherent motions canadversely affect wind turbine

operations• Nocturnal low-level jets

induce strong vertical shearswhich can produce

atmospheric wave motions• Details of turbulent structure

at turbine rotor heights arenot well known

Hi-Resolution Doppler Lidar Observation

courtesy of Newsom & Banta, NOAA/ETL

coherent wave motionscoherent wave motions

H e i g h t a b o v e g r o u n d l e v e l ( m )

currenthubheightrange

modelsvalid




BiBi--AnnualAnnual†† LowLow--Level Jet FrequencyLevel Jet Frequencyand Wind Resourceand Wind Resource

† Bonner, 1968 data

LamarTower




Observation Systems UsedObservation Systems Used

Direct turbulence

measurements(sonic anemometers)

SODAR(acoustic wind profiler)

LIDAR(NOAA Hi-Res Doppler Lidar)

Mean wind profiles

Turbulence spatial structure

High-resolution turbulence

REMOTE SENSING




Evolution of LowEvolution of Low--Level JetLevel JetDerived from SODAR MeasurementsDerived from SODAR Measurements

June 17, 2002 June 17, 2002

GE

1.5S

(local standard time)

windvector(m/s)

expected turbine upper limit

H e i g h t a b o v e g r o u n d l e v e

l ( m )

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

8

10

12

14

16

18

Local standard time

01:00:00 02:00:00 03:00:00 04:00:00

MeanWindSpeed(m/s)

Wind Flow Vector

GE

Wind

TurbinesIntense Vertical Shear

Wind Speed Contours




Initial Conclusions from LamarInitial Conclusions from LamarMeasurementsMeasurements

•Low-level jet streamfrequently occurs duringwarmer months (April – September)

• Low-level jets can

significantly influence largeturbine inflows

• Intense vertical shears canextend up to at least 200 m

• Intense shears can becomeunstable and create highlevels of organizedturbulence

10-minute mean wind speed (m/s)

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

H e i g h t ( m

)

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

02:40

02:50

03:00

03:10

03:2003:30

03:40

03:50

04:00

Time(MST)

LWST max height

GE

Wind

Turbines

SODAR Wind Profiles




Distributed Wind TechnologyDistributed Wind Technology

Goal: By 2007, reduce COE from distributed wind systems to 10-15cents/kWh in Class 3 wind resources

Rationale: Large untapped wind resource potential near users

Strategy: Multiple rounds of public/private partnerships for concepts,components, and systems (similar to LWST for large turbines)




Bergey Windpower Co.Bergey Windpower Co.

Small Wind Turbine ProjectSmall Wind Turbine ProjectProject Objective

• Develop a 50 kW-class passively-controlled wind turbine for distributed

generation applications• Improved economics

• 5 year inspection interval, 10 yearservice interval, 50 year design life

• Low noiseTechnical Specifications

• 50 kW rated power, 14 m rotordiameter

• Grid-connected, 3-phase 480 VAC

Prototype Test Status

• Prototype Turbine to be tested atNREL early in 2004

Pre-Prototype Bergey XL.50 TurbineNorman, Oklahoma, September 2003




Bergey XL.50Bergey XL.50

Pre-Prototype, Norman Oklahoma, April 2003Configuration #4 in fully furled position (manually furled)




Southwest Windpower Inc.Southwest Windpower Inc.Small Wind Turbine ProjectSmall Wind Turbine Project

Project Objectives

• High value for residentialapplications

• Cost comparable to a householdappliance

• Design for high-volumemanufacturing

Technical Specifications

• 1.8 kW rated power, 3.7 m(12.1 ft) rotor diameter

• Grid-connected, 1-phase 120VAC

Prototype Test Status

• Prototype Turbine to be tested

at NREL during 2004




SWWP StormSWWP StormPrePre--Prototype Components, Flagstaff, Arizona, October 2003Prototype Components, Flagstaff, Arizona, October 2003

Prototype Inverter

Generator During Dynamometer Test




Emerging ApplicationsEmerging Applications

• Offshore wind

• Wind-hydropower integration – Constrained hydropower supplies

– Multiple policy issues for hydropower (e.g., Relicensing, Fish &Wildlife, irrigation, recreation)

– Wind and Hydropower can work together• Wind-hydrogen production (electrolysis)

– Pipe or ship to centers for transportation use

– Store and use fuel cells to firm wind output

• Reverse osmosis water purification

– Provide pure water to coastal cities

– Provides off-peak use for excess wind




U.S. Offshore Application ProjectsU.S. Offshore Application Projects

• Cape Wind –130 3.6 MW GE Wind Energy turbines

–Merchant power project

• Long Island Power Authority

–Solicitation for 140 MW

• Up to 20 projects in planning

Cape Wind Meteorological Tower –

59.74 meters



Preliminary Analysis




$1000/kW $1500-$2000/kW $?



A Future Vision for Wind Energy

2003

Bulk PowerGenerator

4-6¢ at 15mph

Land Based

Bulk Electricity

Wind Farms

Potential 20% ofElectricity Market

Land Based Technology Path TransmissionBarriers

Cost andRegulatory

Barriers

Land & OceanLarge & Small“Hydrogen Turbines”

Cost andInfrastructure

Barriers

Land Based LWSTLarge – Scale

2 - 5 MW

Offshore Turbines

5 MW & Larger

FutureLow Wind Speed

Technology3¢/kWh at 13mph

20% of Electricity2012

Unique OffshoreDesigns

• Shallow water

• Deep water Higher Wind Sites

2012 & Beyond

Dual OutputTurbines

•Transportation•Firm Electricity•Industrial•Residential

Multi-sector Market

2030 & Beyond

Offshore Technology Path

Wind-Hydrogen Path




Lake Benton, MNLake Benton IIGE Wind Z50

104 MWStart monitoring Feb. 2000

Lake Benton, MNLake Benton IIGE Wind Z50

104 MWStart monitoring Feb. 2000

Taylor County, TX

Trent MesaGE Wind 1.5MW

150 MWStart monitoring Jan. 2003

Taylor County, TX

Trent MesaGE Wind 1.5MW


Upton County, TX

King MountainBonus 1.3MW


Upton County, TX

King MountainBonus 1.3MW


Pecos County, TX

Indian MesaVestas V47


Pecos County, TX

Indian MesaVestas V47


Colberson County, TX

TWPPKenetech 330


Colberson County, TX

TWPPKenetech 330


Klondike, OR

GE Wind 1.5MW25 MW

Start monitoring Jan. 2002

Klondike, OR

GE Wind 1.5MW25 MW


WA-OR borderStateline

Vestas V47

90 MWStart monitoring Jan 2002

WA-OR borderStateline

Vestas V47

90 MWStart monitoring Jan 2002

Vansycle, ORMitsubishi MWT600


Vansycle, ORMitsubishi MWT600

25 MW


Condon, OR

Mitsubishi MWT60025 MW


Condon, ORMitsubishi MWT600

25 MW


Storm Lake, IABuena Vista Substation

GE Wind Z50


Storm Lake, IABuena Vista Substation

GE Wind Z50


Lake Benton, MNBuffalo Ridge Substation

250 MW

Start monitoring Mar. 2001

Lake Benton, MNBuffalo Ridge Substation

250 MW

Start monitoring Mar. 2001

Wind Farm Monitoring ProjectWind Farm Monitoring Project(data from ~875 MW)(data from ~875 MW)




2003 Utility Partnerships2003 Utility Partnerships

• NRECA coop workshops (KS, CO, SD)

• APPA/NRECA meetings participation

• Project calculator

• WAPA green tags

• Coop Technical Assistance

• Wind for Munis tri-fold

• NE deliberative poll

• UWIG Participation

• Public Power website

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