the language of anatomy the medial line the medial line is

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The Language of Anatomy The Medial Line The medial line is the central axis of the figure, dividing the body vertically into equal right and left haves. (In medical terminology, it is referred to as the midsagittal plane.) On the front (anterior) side of the body, the medial line travels straight down through the cranium, breastbone, navel, and pubic bone, continuing between the legs down to the ground. On the back (posterior) side, the medial line goes through the cranium, follows the spine, and again continues down to the ground between the legs. The central axis of the body is a valuable landmark because it helps you accurately assess the figure’s position, as when there is a noticeable tilt to the torso or a twisting action in the torso. In action poses, the central axis generally travels down through the leg that is more stable or that is positioned in a way that continues the action of the pose in a more sweeping gesture. Anatomical Planes The anatomical planes are three planes or reference that divide the body vertically and horizontally while it is in the anatomical position. Think of these imaginary planes as thin sheets of transparent glass, perpendicular to one another, that slice through the body, creating three different dimensions. Specific kinds of movement can only occur within certain planes. Sagittal Plane The sagittal plane divides the body vertically into equal right and left halves. This plane is also referred to as the midsagittal plane because it is on the midline of the body. Movements within the sagittal plane are flexion and extension – forward and backward movements of the head, spine, and limbs. Coronal Plane The coronal plane divides the body vertically into equal front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions. The coronal plane, (also referred to as the frontal plane) is always perpendicular to the sagittal plane. Movements within this plane are abduction and adduction (sidetoside movements of the arms and legs) and lateral flexion (sidetoside movements of the head, neck, and torso). Transverse Plane A transverse plane divides the body horizontally, from side to side or left to right, into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions. Traditionally, when the transverse plane is indicated in anatomical charts, its division is placed below the waist. Movements within transverse planes include rotation of the head, spine, and limbs. Anatomical Directions/Locations Medial – Toward the medial line or central axis of the body Lateral – Away from the medial line or central axis of the body Anterior – In front of; toward the front of the body; ventral Posterior – In back of; toward the back of the body; dorsal Superior – Above; refers to the structures closer to the head or toward the upper part of a structure or body part Inferior – Below; refers to the structures closer to the feet or toward the lower part of a structure or body part Classic Human Anatomy: The Artist’s Guide to Form, Function, and Movement by Valerie L. Winslow – pp. 27, 28

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The  Language  of  Anatomy    The  Medial  Line    The  medial  line  is  the  central  axis  of  the  figure,  dividing  the  body  vertically  into  equal  right  and  left  haves.  (In  medical  terminology,  it  is  referred  to  as  the  midsagittal  plane.)  On  the  front  (anterior)  side  of  the  body,  the  medial  line  travels  straight  down  through  the  cranium,  breastbone,  navel,  and  pubic  bone,  continuing  between  the  legs  down  to  the  ground.  On  the  back  (posterior)  side,  the  medial  line  goes  through  the  cranium,  follows  the  spine,  and  again  continues  down  to  the  ground  between  the  legs.     The  central  axis  of  the  body  is  a  valuable  landmark  because  it  helps  you  accurately  assess  the  figure’s  position,  as  when  there  is  a  noticeable  tilt  to  the  torso  or  a  twisting  action  in  the  torso.  In  action  poses,  the  central  axis  generally  travels  down  through  the  leg  that  is  more  stable  or  that  is  positioned  in  a  way  that  continues  the  action  of  the  pose  in  a  more  sweeping  gesture.    Anatomical  Planes    The  anatomical  planes  are  three  planes  or  reference  that  divide  the  body  vertically  and  horizontally  while  it  is  in  the  anatomical  position.  Think  of  these  imaginary  planes  as  thin  sheets  of  transparent  glass,  perpendicular  to  one  another,  that  slice  through  the  body,  creating  three  different  dimensions.  Specific  kinds  of  movement  can  only  occur  within  certain  planes.    Sagittal  Plane  The  sagittal  plane  divides  the  body  vertically  into  equal  right  and  left  halves.  This  plane  is  also  referred  to  as  the  midsagittal  plane  because  it  is  on  the  midline  of  the  body.  Movements  within  the  sagittal  plane  are  flexion  and  extension  –  forward  and  backward  movements  of  the  head,  spine,  and  limbs.    Coronal  Plane  The  coronal  plane  divides  the  body  vertically  into  equal  front  (anterior)  and  back  (posterior)  portions.  The  coronal  plane,  (also  referred  to  as  the  frontal  plane)  is  always  perpendicular  to  the  sagittal  plane.  Movements  within  this  plane  are  abduction  and  adduction  (side-­‐to-­‐side  movements  of  the  arms  and  legs)  and  lateral  flexion  (side-­‐to-­‐side  movements  of  the  head,  neck,  and  torso).    Transverse  Plane  A  transverse  plane  divides  the  body  horizontally,  from  side  to  side  or  left  to  right,  into  upper  (superior)  and  lower  (inferior)  portions.    Traditionally,  when  the  transverse  plane  is  indicated  in              anatomical  charts,  its  division  is  placed  below  the  waist.  Movements  within  transverse  planes  include  rotation  of  the  head,  spine,  and  limbs.    Anatomical  Directions/Locations    Medial  –  Toward  the  medial  line  or  central  axis  of  the  body  Lateral  –  Away  from  the  medial  line  or  central  axis  of  the  body  Anterior  –  In  front  of;  toward  the  front  of  the  body;  ventral  Posterior  –  In  back  of;  toward  the  back  of  the  body;  dorsal  Superior  –  Above;  refers  to  the  structures  closer  to  the  head  or  toward  the  upper  part  of  a  structure                            or  body  part  Inferior  –  Below;  refers  to  the  structures  closer  to  the  feet  or  toward  the  lower  part  of  a  structure  or  body  partÛ  

                                                                                                               Û  Classic  Human  Anatomy:  The  Artist’s  Guide  to  Form,  Function,  and  Movement  by  Valerie  L.  Winslow  –  pp.  27,  28