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ED 363 089

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FL 019 686

Kokkota, V. A.Lingvo-didakticheskoe testirovanie (LanguageTesting).ISBN-5-06-000219-589

130p.

Vysshaya Schola Publishing House, Neglinnaya St.29/14, Moscow 101430 Russia.Books (010) Reports Descriptive (141)Russian

MF01/PC06 Plus Postage.Communicative Competence (Languages); ForeignCountries; Language Skills; *Language Tests;Linguistic Competence; Modern Language Curriculum;Scoring; Second Language Learning; Test Construction;*Testing; Test Interpretation; *Test TheoryUSSR

This book contrasts non-Soviet approaches to languagetesting and provides definitions from four Soviet language testexperts. The role of foreign language teaching, the function oftests, and theoretical problems are discussed, with considerablefocus on communicative competence. The book discusses teststandardization and classification and treats statistical andarithmetical handling of data. It also contrasts brief histories oflanguage testing abroad and in the Soviet Union. Specific attentionis focused on theory and general methodology of test development andinterpretation of results. The following issues are highlighted:testing for lexical and grammatical knowledge or competencies;testing for reading or aural comprehension; and pragmatic tests(dictations, aural and visual cloze tests, speaking and oralproduction tests). A bibliography with 170 citations is included.(CP)

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YTO'IHIIM Xminoe onpeAeneHHe recra. B Hero BBeHeli0 HOHATHe Komrinex-ca 3aganilii, nocicomicy xaparcrep 3anaHHA =ice 313bIKOBBIX TeCTOB HOCHTpa3Hoo6pa3Hbni xapaicrep. HanpHmep, a rpammarmecxxx recrax rpe6yercHraKx.ce onpeneneHnoe 3HaHHe nexckucH, Ha ocHone rcoropoli 3TH 3a,namin co-Mane Hal. Tpe60BaHlig K TIOTUOTOBKe recra OTHOCRTCH 1< yT0911CH1410 neneciH 06-heicron recnrposaHHH, K aHarnmy oxnarbrsaemoro 313bIKOBOTO MarepH-ana, K pa3pa6once nponenyp H HHcrpylcurol K npone,neHmo rem H r.n.OcranbHide xapatcrepHcrHicH nHHasomtnaxmecxxx recron 6ynyr noppo6-Hee paccmorpeHM FnpiCe.

KpynHbIe recrbI C MHOFIIMH (6onee 40-50) 33)3AHHRMH HannialorcnK0MMICKCIILIM31 Tecramt HuH TecroBumm 6a1'apesumi (test battery) It COCTO-FIT H3 garreii (part) H cy&recroa (subtest). Cy &rem' COCTOHT 113 OAPOTHIMIX3ananxii H cocraanHercH Ha OHHH KOHKIXTHblii afrbeKT Tecnsposamoi (testtask). IloL n0cnentno4 nommiaercH coornercrHylounni qenH recniponaHHHKOMTIOHeHT HA0513bIgHbIX atiarqui, HaBbIKOB 11 ymeHHil. Llacrb rem cocraa-nnercH Ha yxpynHeHHavl 06bCKT recrxposaHHH, HanpHmep, Ha greme,a y,1114p0BaRHC H T.11.

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8 1 0

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.finamtponatme cocrana TecTa, Hbto-op o61,eicToa TeCTIVOBaHEIR H THna3aua1mi4 H TAT. nammatoT Texum<oh TecritpoHamut (testing technique).

Ocranb time onpeuenetma Hcnonb3yemmx TepMHHOB 6ynyr Hpit Heuelibtbtepe HX HOSIBlIeHHA B Teb:CTe noco6HH.

2.2. POJIb TECTHPOBAHHaB EIPEHOTIABAHHH HHOCTPAHHbIX 5I3bIKOB

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ofirternin, o rurarnoae npo6efloB H 0 li1)OTH03C ycnewnoern o6rierurn. Pelab-umii reel no3Bar5er nonytarrb B OCHOBHOM opT1H H3 yKa3aHliblx Hzp,0H HH-4)Opmattliti.

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npirmenamoii Melo/1,111(1r o6y4errax 115!, a rarorre Or Hanwma nogxogsauwxTeCT013, BO3MOWHOCTeci MX. pa3pa6ormr H Or 11pm-ix. 06CT0HTBIlbCTI3. OLIC-

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1 311

iimpyfor upo6enm, o6Hapyweimme B X0p,e CaM0- H B3BHMOKOHTpOR5I H 1.11.B xoike BbInortHem{n iecia recmpyemble B231110111DHOT pa3Hme pegeBble Adler-BHA (leflTellbHOCTliafl 4symaiHrt), npH 3TOM nponxonvir onper.kenelmoenowropeHHe H 3axpennesuie yge6Horo marepHana. AKTHBH3HpyeTCH MbICHH-TerlbHaB Benrenbffocm, pa3BHBUTCH namnrb, r.e. Aocrifraercn onpegenelmbliio6rsafouistil 344ex1. aror 344exr TeM 6onmue, gem 6onee KoHrexciyaneffH scommyfflucarzBeH recr, gem 6b1CTpee 11p0HCX0,11HT o6parHaa C13/13b B mare-me leer recrupyemblii, Haripmmep, nps{ HC11011b30BaHHH 3BM.

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cpe30rs win MeTOBNieCKHX 3KC11CITHMeHTOB, TeCTOB mita Knoy3 Arm ogetucHrpywiocni (wana6enbHocma) ple6nbrx TCKCTOB HRH TeCTOB cnoco6Hocreh,TO ramie ream BbIlI0.11 1ISHOT crien,HONeciare liccnep,osarencime civinciam.

Jinn maKciumanbHo 30eKTHISHOPI peaninnum Bmweyxa3almmx 4syrix-LUth JIAT cnenyei co6moikarb czerkyfoutHe OCHOBHbIe npmaufnbf:

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1 513

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16

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8

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3 17

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3) ncerna nenenanpannena, ee nenbto HBBReTCH pe3ynbrantrotocib KOM-myHHKau,HH, T.e. o6meir nitcpopmainteft (maKcitmantato Bo3mo)KHaH ynopfino-neimocib tincpopmattint) , a Talon coo6utenne Bbinrinetine KontrAyinucaum-libix narstepetntii, T.e. BBInonHeme icont mytipiKaTimlibtx 3aBB4;

ncerga KonTeiccryanbna xaK B tunpoKom 3KCTpailliHrBlIcTHHecKOMemblem, i.e. ona ocyutecnnneicn c ytleTOM 0611.1eCTBeHHO-HOJIHTHHeCKHX

(ttAconornneciotx), couganbno-Kynbiypithix (14cTOpHHCCKHX) 14 3r110-Kynb-

Typnbix KOHTeNcTOB, TaK 14 B yncont, BIM 1-BliCTINeCKOM enthicne, i.e. onactiymantonnpyer B CBH3aHHOM Texcre, B iimcKypce H iumeeT BeHTenblIOCTHial

xapaicrep, nocxont.xy TeKCTm (B 6onee y3KOM, %Wm B yKa3ai(nom Bblille

cmbicrie) nopownatoTen B KommytutKagint B nocripinuotaxyrcn B penesoft

rienientalOCTit;5) mower nonnepramcn pa3invittbm anymano H orparimenionst, n03T0-

my Ana ymenbuletuni neonpenenetniocnt H npeononenna TpyntiocTeil B o6ute-

10414 napinepm: a) ocyinecranntor neponTtiocTnoe riportio3npona1ne Kordmy-HitKaTtlBlibtx namepermil napTitepa H oKa3binaioT B3amst0n0m0utb Apyr

apyry ripri 14X peartn3agnit; 6) ocyuteertinnior nocTonntipo 014eHKy 311a1111-

MOCTH nonyaeo B nepeganaemoii ittic¢oprtation H itcnorwytoT o6painyioCBn3b icaK Bnyispit ce6n, TaK 14 B upottecce KommyiniKanint.

KommyKrucanisHaa KosmeTemuut. ,D1,11s1 yclieunioent KommytutKanintrnanithIM ycJIOBtiem 1113.1111eTCH najwqiie T1OCTaT04110C1 K0MmyHHKaTHB110.14.

KOMHereH11.11H (KK), a TaK;Ke yritelibuiernie 13111451}IHR ytcaaanithix panne orpa-nmennit. Ann HOHCHelnisi CyLIIHOcTH KK m0N(110 liCx01111Tb 143 Bblurenpiine-

ileHHblx xapaterepncTRK KommyintKanint. 143 HHX cnenyeT, q-ro KK COCTOHT

113 J1K, Koropyio itywno ,H0110.11HHTb C.Ile,Hy1011.1HmH IcorstnonenTarstn-Kortneren-

ilittimH:1) cnoco6riocTbio COelwHemfsl OT1.e51blib1X Hpemowenxii B CBH3110e

yeTHOC 14.11H 11HCbmelilloe cooftenne, nitetcypc, Hcnol1b3yH wil4 3TO 1-0

nue cturraxclinecKne 14 centairTnneciate cpencrna Koremtit (rtitcxypcnnnanKontneTennitn);

2) cnoco6nocrbio nmpaiKaTh 11 noimmarb CTIOBOC011eialMH H npenno-ncennn c TaKoii cpopmoii H C TaKHM anaqeilMeM, KOTOpb1C COOTBeTcTBy10T

(are appropriate) riantromy cowtonintrnitcruneetcomy KOHTeKcTy 14.11.110KyTHB-Horo awra Kommytimcatttut (counonnurancitinecKag KOmileTeHLH4g);

3) enoco6nocrbto 344eKTinut0 rtacTnonam B 06111,e11HH, Bbl6llpan npa-

Banbilylo crparermo a,Hacypca, eC1114 KOMMyHHKaialli rpo3HT pa3pbm H3-3a19

wyma, Hertocrarotmoii xcrArrereHum a r.n., a ratc.xce sbi6apax npaintrmytocrparentio xia HOB MilleHHH 3441eKTHBHOCTH KOMmymucaumf (crparent-tiecicax xobineremats).

Y.Ka3aHityto crpperypy KK 143 tierbipex KOMHOHeHTOB npex.noxclunt B1980 r. M. K3Hen a M. Cseilfi [92] , itacrxtuto otta 6buia mccnepameHranbHonoxa3aHa J1. BaxmaHom [88; 89; . flocrewiaii npen,nomotn ewe opxy Homno-HeHry KR HILTIOKyTHBitylo kcomnereHuxio cnoco6Hocrb Hannexcauxim o6pa-30M ctopmxposarb HallOKyTHEHbIe (peqesbie) aKTM (nonpocarb 4TO-TO, npx-rnacim, 14114:10pMHp0BaTb KM-0-TO) B COOTBeTCTBHH C clayagitefi o61Jtemul.

Bbauenpaaexemlyio apylcrypy KR cnepyer xononixtri, ewe oxxoftxomnereinuteil crpaHosemecxoil Komneremixect, r C. cnoco6Hocrbioygmbisarb B H.11110KyTHBHbLX axrax othitemin oco6eimocm crpam,f,

acropitx Hapoxa, 513bac Koroporo 113y4a1OT H C npexcramrrenem KOTO-poro xxer ofiutemte.

CrpaHosemecxan icoroneremins oxsarbmaer H naHraocrpanoaextiec-miff KOMHOHeHT, 4T0 o3Hanaer 3Hal{He H HpaBHM3H0e HCH0J1b30BaHlie mummmanumbix cnos 11 abipaxcemici, o6o3Hagatowxx npenmerbi,clmiab!, Ktea, xoropbtx. 111160 HeT B CBOefi crparte, na6o OHH Ha3MHafOTCHkmage HHH Metiee o6pa3Ho (mina hot dog, foreign secretary).

Paccmorpmi, Kai< ablineyKaaaHHoe orpaxcetto B mmetoutxxcx B imrepa-Type oripexenetmax KR. 06bumo ormegalor, xiro snepabie Baen notumteKOMMyHHKaTHBHOrl Komneremom Xai1M3 B 1972 r. [122] , CHAU:BanHHHFBHCIH4eCKy10 xontnereinuno B nommamtx H. Xowicoro C ee mum-nmtrancrwiecicort 11PHMeHHMOCTMO B pa3Hbtx arryauxnx peaimnoñ )KH3H11.P. Banerr [165] cwraer KR cnoco6socrbto ofteturs si cnemulnutecxxx.arryaixtax. Bonee rotmoe a pa3sepHyroe onpexenetme xaer H.H. re3 [11] :KR HBHReTCH CHOCO6HOCTMO ripainmbHoro HC110111,30BaHHH H3MKa B pamo-06pa3I1bIX couxambH0 xerepMHHI4pOsaHlibIX CHTYWHISIX. M. OHHOKKHap0[108] cltitraer KK cri0c06H0crmo tienosexa HOHHMaTI2 H BOCHp0H3BOHHTbHHOCTpaHHMA H3MK He TOJIbK0 nparumbHo, HO H B COOTBeTCTBHH C COHHO-HHHFBNCTH4eCK014 caryaixteil peanbHoii H053151, npanem peg', HOTOKHa 613111COOTBeTCTByfouxert (appropriate) PAH onpexenemsoro TOBOpsnuerokny-wamuleroParralowero a cneuxlmuiecxxx caryauxax. C. CasitHboH [1471npitsowtr s moat xlmre cnexpoutee onpexenemte KR: no cpyilmillottanbHoesnaxeinte 513bIKOM H sbipaxcemte, itHrepnperauxs H o6rosopetme 3Hattemii(negotiation of meaning), oxaarbtsalouste o6Hiemie riezy Axybtx H 6oneenmiabm, npmtaxnewaumbut K robty HRH HHOMy petiesomy coo6Hiecray HIMNtexcny oxium HHHOM H HHCbMeHHMM HMI ycrimon TeKCTOM.

Onpexeneinte KK, npasexentioe B crane HA. %mixer! [17] , nernoB OCHOBy pa6overo onpexenemtx KR B Hacromuem H0006HH.

Kommykuncanuman KoPomerempoi 3T0 CH0006HOCTb ocyulecranarbpet-1nm HeaTenbHOCT13, peamnyn KOMMYHHK3THBHOe pevercoe nosexemeHa ocHoae 03Honont4ecxxx, nexanco-cpammarmecxxx, COLIHOHHHTBHCTH-4CCKHX H crpaHoaemecxxx 3HaHlai H Hasbncoa H C HOMOIHMO ymetrxii,CBR33HI1bIX C HHCKypCHBHOfi, Mn 10KyTIABHOit H crparemiemoil KoMneren-

B cool-Berm-nut c paanlitiliMMH 3axattarat x caryawmot o6ixeintx.20

4, 4

"IP

3.3. TEOPETINECKHE 11POBJIEMbIH3MEPEHI1S1 KOMMYHHKAMBHOR KOMICIETEHM14

MOMBH KK. "WA HwepeHitH KK enenyer HMCTb ee ,ROCTaTO4HO geTKy10MORellb, KOTOpasi 1103BOTIKTIa 6b1 Bmgenkm. MHHHManbH0 Heo6xouHmoeKomi-Hem:to noxaaareneii H xapaxTepHcrmc KK. Hoene moueneil )2()K. Mart-

6H [134] , r. YHuoycoHa [169] , npeunoweHHblx B 1978 r., H 01111CaHHOriHamm mouenH KK M. K3Hena H M. CriaiiHa 1921 nonmnacb ewe mouenbM. XaJIIIHrkeit [114] , HPH3HaHHaff B 1982 r. ACTFL (AMepHKatiCKHM cone-TOM npenouanareneii HHOCTpaHHEIIX H3M(OB), mouenb, tipeATIOWeHHaSi B1980 r. P. KnH4)(liop)om [100] , a ratcxce mouenH, Icon:pia npennoxwint

1983 r. C. CaBHH13011 [147] , K. (Daepur H r. Kacnap [106] . Haxo Hee3TH morkenH itmetor Hexoropme HeLLOCTaTKH. Mouenb MaH6H C3THIIIKOM

cno)icHa, oxHarbwan no aHarany norpe6Hocreii (needs analysis) 256 ymeHHii,H 1110/1X0.11HT CKOpee win cocrannetwn 110,ap06HIAX nporpaMM 06y4eHHH.

B MO,BeITH F. ninoycoHa Heuocrarotmo yirreHm glicKypckumasi H crparerH-gecican Komnerelnwn, a a Aar( nocnewntx mouennx HencHo, KaK H nem

paagenetim KOMP.OHeHTbi KK H petienme ymeHHH.Paccmorpkrm wcparne OCTarlbHbleMOXteBb M. Xawnwen HCX0B,HT 143 B3a14MOC13313H rpex (ok.utponD TCKCTa,

ero HACH (KOHliCHU,HH) H Hnreptiperaropon (interpersonality). CuenaHo npeu-norlowetwe, 4TO emxpbm rexcra H ero Hum, T.C. 43opma H CMbICYI (cemairrit-Ha) npennowelf1111 TCKCTa, upyryro creneHb onpeueneHHOCTH, 4CMo6rorlapinaae1blii (0%4Hp» wrrepnperaropon, T.C. ymacrintxos KOMMYHISKaIHIH.Ha pHc. 5 npmseileila mouenb M. Xanntweg c nepenouom ee 30H Ha Komno-HeHrbI KK.

no M. Xaminuefo

1. rexcryanbHaH 30Ha

2. ftgopmanbHan3. Hgefthasi4. wiCKypCliallafl5. cpyincturoHanblian "6. HHrepnepconanbnan "--

06o3naqnue 30H

no KomnoHeHram KK

nititruHermeocan KOMIleTCHUHR

crpaHoseutlecicancrparerHgecicanAHCKYpCHBHaff

COHHORHHTBHCTH4CCHasi

HABOKYTHBHall

06nacrH M. XannHuest HHeocpyros: I nHHamcimectcan (rpammarluca,cpoHonontn, nexcmca H r.n.); cemaHrInecicaa (HOHHTHFI, KOMICHHHH H

T.H.) j III nparmarmecicaH (uenrenbHocrb, petieBbIe aKTM H r.n.).Mouenb P. K11H4!4:00Pa Ha3b1BalOT TPeXCCKHHOHHOil, nocHonbKy unauelffie

Hepouubm Ha ',mom onpenennerca cornacHo Troll MOBCHH no TPCM pasHo3Ha4-

HbIM KOMCIOHCHTaM: 41YHKHHH (cnoco6Hocrb 6eceHoHarb, Hbipa)Karb bnieHate,

npocHrb, o6cyKaarb H r.n.) , remanuce (content/topics) H TO4HOCTH (accuracy)B KOMMyHHKaTHBHMX atcrax. Ha PHC. 6 3Ta MOTIC,H6 noxaaalla Tpeyronbult-

KOM C TO4KaMH T (remanoca), A (romocrb) H c1 (4ywcw4H). Pacnonowc-21

cienetn. Onpal.e-neHHOCTH H no-HAMHBOC114

III

crenem, Heonpe,ReneH-HOCIII H larrepripempy-emoci-H

PHe. 5. MOHCH1, KOMMyHHICaTHBHOH KOMIICTCHHHH M. Xa.rutHBeri.

HHC 30H, niniBegemibm Ha pHc. 5, Ha 3TOM pncyffice Hecxonbico HHoe, trro6bIBBCCTH Hepx mow un<any KOMMyHHKaHHH: clDaKTbI, HACH TeKCT, coo6uieHme.

frio6anbuoil KK Ha pile. 6 HaabmaeTca crioeo6Hocrb KoopmuixpoeanB3aHMOHeciCIBHe OTACJII,HbIX KOMITOHeHTOB KK MIR o6ecnetieH11a 344eKTHB-HOCTH H pe3y1H,MTHBHOCTH KommyfullcaHHH, T.C. no Hep6anbHme cnoco6-HOCTH gelioneKa.

(paKTLI,HA.eH H T.n. "4

TeKCTII,O." C0061.HeHHH H T.H.

PICK - nrio6anmaastKIC

cTeneub cTeneBbonpcAcneHHocern

22

" IfCOrIpCJC31eHftOCTH

Nc. 6. lIarmlanasi nioncnb Komniyinmanmuot1 Kovncronuoi.

24

CyLUBCTBOBaHHC 0TACJIbH0f1 11106a.T1bIlon KK 110Ka3a110 31CcriepHmeirtanb-

HO B 1314,ae reHepanbnoro ktaKTopa B (paKropHom peaynbra-roa MHO-

nix 513131K0BLIX ii FCLICBMX TeCTOB, Haripzump, Onnepom [1371 , a Harm-

tme encrembt H3 rno6anbuoro 14 ,aByx KOM11011eHTOB 51141111114C11411eCK0-

ro/nparman4ttecKoro H couxonmtrancumecKoro - Baxmanom [88; 891 .

Boo 6we BoiMol<FIb ip nonxona TOBbK0 r.no6anbnaa, yuHrapHaa (en.H-

Hat') KK, TOTIbK0 Komnonewmaa KK (KaK ctatTanoch npumeprzo jEzo 1975 r.)

KorsAGHHHpoaaHitan (r.no6anbHaa KK ruttoc KomnoneHTat). rno6anz,naa KK

11BMICTCH, aepoRmo, o6tuetI arm ponHoro i neponnoro 131,i1Ca If BO morom,

B1411,14M0, nepeK pi,la a e TCA 06 tint NI ;Hi re..T-,F..K'wan bUblivt p3aB1T1feM.

Cipyicrypa claamopos, sinisuouwx us xameperuie KK. Baxmatt

A. flansmep [881 o6-beg4mtnn ace tiMKTOpbt, Komphte B.111,15110T na pC3p1biaT

nanzepezma KK, B geTbipe rpyrinbr 1) rimKropm caMix Kr,:s4nonewroa KK

(trait factors); 2) cltalcrophi petteablx ymetain (skill factors); 3) clzazacpbt

meroaa onpegemenzza KK (method factors); 4) cnygaiinbte (I)aKTophz (random

factors), BY1H5110111MC na KK HecHc-remarattecKH.11epaaa rpynna ctialcropoa no,apaanenena Ha opraitHaytounte Komnonett-

Tbi (popmanbuoto HC110.71b30Ba11101 513b0Ka (nutiraktcrImecKaa H micKypcHattan

Komnerenuyta) H Ha nparmam4ecto1e KOM11011eHIN (linnoKymanan I C0W40-

1111111-BHCTHLICCKati KomnereHuHa), KOTOpme oip,MaloT (t)ymctutonanbuale

H COLHiallbHhIC xapacrepHamail4C11011630BaHH11 H31,0<a.

13Topaa rpynna citatcropos co,nepa<Ht 4taicropbt pegetibtx yroenztri, caaaan-

time: 1) C HIV:WM petzeaoli XleSITCJIWIOCTH; 2) C MORaHalioCIII0 npencTaane-

C114MyR0B ii OTBeT0B; 3) c cpopmoft CTHMYROB H 0TBeT013 (CO3HaTCY1b-

ume-noThcoaHaTenbuble, azzannmilecKHe-clurremsectute. nortromanenitble II

nenoi.noToaneimme); 4) co urparermecwofi HONIneTeHuuci. c o6nutrou

ymeminivnt 14C11011b30BaTb ppyrne KOMHolielltbI KK Ana gocrztai-ennn maKcn-

MaJIIMOR 344CKni3HOCTH ot-Imena II nepepat5ormi HH4topmatum a xone

oaueuna.cDatcropbt meroua onpcuenenna KK con,epa( 1) iiui orryatum 14CH0316-

300a111451 wJbIKa C napmepom Him 6e3 napmepa (a 5131AK080M TeCTC);

2) nanwtHe KOHTCKCTa 141114 aro OTCyTC1B14C a aarlatiliSIX.; 3) 'MI H pact-Tex-

/lel-Me HaCkopMa111114 (a6c-rpalcmast HIM KO1lKpC1HaB, KoiHICHlpHp0BalnlaB

i1:1H pacceamtati coomncraCum) ; 4) THU 14 CTCIICITh 133HaHH51 pa3i1111411b/X

orpamyzemni, Kacatountxca recrupyembm TCCIOR0ii CHTyalm4. opranH3aunzt

ancHypea. apemezuz 14 u.p.Cnyqaftnme (14Kropm coilepwar: 1) ricnxonorwlecKne Cl3a1CT0pb1 (111414-

110CTHEAC xapaKrepttm4KH momBaUJOI, neaaancitmocm. ycral411BOCTI,

HeonpeaeNctmocru); 2) cjoatcropm naammozteiicramil citatoopon Ha rpynn

1-3; 3) 0111116KH wintepetunn.Ha OCHORC llOif ClICTCM1,1 (pat:II-Tort IL Baxmati H A. Ilanwep onpene-

M1101 KK HaK C0C105!My10 143 115111rmicIHtlecKat KomneTeinum (J1K) nmoc

euze raKne Komnonettrb, KK, KaK AncKypcHattaa ()=1K), HJIlloKyTHBItail

(14K) H COUH0.11111111314CTWICCKail KON111CP1HUMB (UK).B3ammocasl3rt mexcay Komnomewrarom KK noKalattyt na pie. 7. leopent-

tieCKH OHCBHAHO. LITO ciparertplecKan KOMHCTCHU.141,1 (CK) casaana co acersix23

NM%

OCT11:1 1,Hb1MH K0M110HellTaM11 KK, Kax 6b1 o6cnywHna51 HX H naHan HM 60.1113-ine FutH membine HO3MCMHOCTerf ATM Itx aKryarunaugn. C npyroti croponi,pe3),HbraT cpopmHponamut 11.35101CyTHBlibIX aicron noxtepraercn B03,11e1ICTBH10CO CTOpOHM Bcex ,npyri4x KOM11011eHTOB KK.

crraTermeckcaqxoNtnerekuutg

KONtIleren111411Komneeutsi3113111-BHcTmeciox

Tm

anKypatsHastKomileTeHUHA

linnoxyrBmiaa couBorultinamcnNecxaxxoNtherrinatii

crpanosezsecxasi'comae-ref-num

Pnc. 7. B3aumocssim mexcay xoninoneirraw KK.

YKa3331-EHMC B3aHMOCE5I 3H KOMHOHeHT011 KR cnenycr npobepHrb axene-p14MeHran13110 C 110M0111610 KoppennHHOHHoro H cpaKropHoro aHanpoon.

C TO4KH velum ygenbnoro Beca OTHeM,HbIX KOM110HeirrOB KK B ofteilonetiKe pa3BHTOCTH KK recrHpyemoro cnenyer yttecm, 14TO coornornewleKOMITOHeFITOB KR H3MCHReTC5I B X0,11e, o6ytteHHH, 11 ban6onee HawlibImH, Kax61,4/10 noxa3ano Hbaue, RBI! 31IOTCH CK H .11K, 33 tuntal cnenylor HK HFfeC1(011bK0 MeHee 133NCHMMI4 HBYIBIOTCH counontiHnutcrwiecKan H crpaHo-HenttecKan KOMBCTell11HH. 3TO otlellb HpHailimeHHo noKaaano Ha pile. 8.

Ormerxm, tiro B OTHOWeRHE KOMBOHeHTOB ilK HMeeT mecro aHanorHtt-Han icaprmia fraH6onee Baxoiblm 51B31HeTC1 rpari4marmecKHR aCrleKT, HO

Hattane o6ytte4tHn aomvutHpylor 43otionorntlect<Hii H neKcuttecKHR acneKrbt.Flan yponHeil KIC na pnc. 8 HMelOT cnenytoulee conepwaHlle, cornacHo

KpHrepHanbHok un:ane ACTFL [1001 :1 3nematrapHoe nnanenHe: recrHpyemblii mower orsegarh Ha Honpocm

3anartarb Bonpocm B npeTtenax H3riaemoro marepHana H 3HaKomoi4 roam-KII; OH cnpannstercn B MHHilMaJTEMO neo6xonHimbbx CHTy311,1451X oftelnot;

2 orpalintielmoe anagtettHe HSI Ana pa6orbt: recrHpyemmii mower orm-cam cHlyanmo, pacck.narb o ce6e, o cnoeii pa6ore, crpatte 13 T.11.; OH cnpan-nsteTCH B 3113KOMbIX npocpeccHoHanbilboc. Ii crpaHortentlecmix arryawanxo6Luemin;

3 M111114MaJlbH0e npo4)eccitonanbnoe BJ73 rkeHHe recrupyembILImower paccywaarb, Hbt,onrarb MIICHHH, 1-loxa3aTh tITO-TO, ronopn o cnoeffpa6ore;

4 Hecbma c8o60nH0e npockeccHoHanbHoe nnanetwe 1451;5 Teentpyemblit npaKmecKH 6H5114HrB.Yxa3amian InKana cifinuKom HpH6rtHweinta, ocoGemto 13 C3MOM Hattane,

no3romy ACTFL npexioxatn ewe npomewyrotnime ypOBIIH C 11J1 10C3MH: 0+,1+, 2+, 3+ H 4+. 143 111K3.11 enegyer, tITO CINICHTbl HCA361K0B6IX Hy3oH Halm-Haar xypc iia ypoBlie 1 kuni 1+ 14 3aaepwalor er0 Ha yponne KK 2 HJIH 2+.24

2 6

YAenutfaxAona (%)

5 0

40

30 nmBMCTWeCKaSKOMMTCHHHA

20 eTpaTermeexast KomneTennun

HsinoxymBHaa KcnymereHumse11Hcitypcianast KOMITereHHHSI

1 0 COLLHOYWHirBHCTINBCKASIKOMnereHiumcwatoBemec Kag KomeTemutg

1

1 AlpoBeFIL KomuyntucaTHBH0112 3 4 5 RomneteHuim

Pmc. 8. 011eHKR HHHaMHKH COOTHOLLICHHA pa3widx KOMHOHCHTOB KOMMYHHKaTHB-Hog KOMHeTCHHHH no mepe ee nonbnnemut.

B Ta6nHue 2 ripaseAelm '<avec-mei-ma ogelma CB53H HeKerropmx petie-BMX AeriCTIThri C KONMOHCHTaMH KK. 143 noil Taarnuud cnegyer, tITO HeBcema 06F13aTenbH0 H3MCpBTE. ace 6 KOMHOIlelITOB KK, KaK 3T0 Hmeer memHp{ cocrameHHH Tem gxanorwiectcoti ycnioil petal.

ilpHM cm:a

PegeBmxnetieTBIlti

MononormecKocronopcnne

Tartnuya 2

Ka4CCIBCHHali CBR3b HEKOTOpbtx pC,IeBbIX BeriCTBHil

C xordnomenramm KOMMyHIOCaTHBHOci KOMEMTeHLIH14

Ko NineTeittant, CBH3aHHEJC

B OCHOI3HOM CO 3HBHHAMH

KOMUCTCHHHH, CBE3a1111ble

B OCHOBHOM C ymemulnut

HHHFSHC-

TIP4eCKaA

COHHOHHHI,

BHCTW1CC-

HaB

(InoirRo) -apanoBe)--

gecicax

micxyp-CHIIHasi

HJUIOKy-

THHItaH

uparent-tlecKax

+

,I1Hanor (ro Bope-

ayarp(' BaHlie) + +

+ +

+ +

25

flpHr4epbt

peveriblx

;le

Oilman He noKjla;la(ay4u4po1sauHe)

17podo..7xenue

Koroncreututh, CB513311111.1e KODAIICTCHLUna, cn-InanumeB OCHOBHOM CO 3113111151MB B OCH<JUi!OM C r4e4m5ima

1

cowtomitir-1 Oluurnoi -111011-11HC- I Toxic yp- HJ1110Ky- CrpaTern-

BHCLHACC- ICTO3.HOSC1.1T -HleCK3SI riaBilax 4CCK3HKali ; .1cCtcaSt

.3exutan iziygiv(-)4c,1414e H + + 1- + + +

lialmeamic :ixe4+43.AOKnaAa 14 1.11. + + + +

_L+ .,_ + +

i,

r _ _

PexPeptipooamie 3

X0He 4TI3(H11 Nit:-IiHe H rHichmo ) + -, i + + + + + +

4 lt..1111C c 011pcat.--

ncluton ucJ:Li0 + + + + +:

1-

titemic gol(33:.lq rcuiie i I Of" Po'

+ +I

Ii p H M e I 1 II H c: A"1- -1-p - ec-P,Cith BaxcnoN. HpogyKTHBHoe HCI10/1b301331111C KOMI1C-TCHUHCci; t, - N133.K110t, 7"=1TH11110C iic11onb3OBali1Ie Kols4HeTeHultc; - (tMCiteeBalloloo).

3.4. KJIACCUIDUKALMS1 IfiThrBORHAAKTWIECKHX TECTOB

3.4.1. 513b1KOBbIC 11 petieHme TeCT61

Kaw 41:1CAyci H3 OGUICI o onpegenemn JIAT, 14X Moxaro nopkpa3Ae3ll11b !faABC I pylmbi. $431,11.:013ble 11 pelleahie ream. 5131,0<013h1e TCCTI)1 H3Mep5noT BOCHOBHON1 inunnicnnecKylo KomrtereFutow TeCTHRemblX. flpInwepammwibmoBbtx. recroil H1311RICTCH HCKCW4CCKHe Ii rpammaniveciclie 'MUM, Kat<11314150Hee pacripompaitemib,c B upcnoilaBanim HHoupannmx SI3b1K013. Paqe-1mb Xecrbl TeeTb1 4ICH1411, ay;_uipoRamin 14 Ap. niowuo yej1013110 pa3ACJIIIM

COOTBCTCTB1411 C npHrviefuremoi4 (tiopmoct KOHTpOIDI na cilegymuute uopypyn-26 0

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Tpa,atftwoHHble, npartoaTmectate H KommyttmcamoxbIe. Tpa,nitmoHHme

petteswe TeCTM opextHa31JaiteHb1 Arm BbliD33leM4A Hartbncoo H ymeHitil LITCHHR,

aymtposatoor ruicbma c ROMOIHMO TpaRgusoHlibix ripRemos, Hanp Hmep,

BOI1pOCHO-OTBeTHMX 3aRaHHri. flpHmepaNat oparmanNecxxx TeCTOB RBRRIOT-

CR TeCTIA BOCCTaHOBlleHHR MIR K110y3, R,HKTRHTb1 H Hp. Kommytutxanuatible

TeCTIA 310 B OCHOBHOM TeCTM yomoii pew. Bce peqesble TeCTbi mmepfnoT

}caxxe-To K0M110HeHTIA KommymucamoHoft KOMIleTCHUHH, CylitHOCTb KOTO-

pbIX 6},mo pacctitoTpetta oblate.B Ta 6m4tte 3 ripm}eileHbt xapaxTeplicTHKA tieTbIpex cTertelicct Kommymt-

}CaTHOHOCTII J1J1.T. CpeR.Hlle TOLIKH (CTelleHH) BeCbMa opH6t1H3HTettbHme H

ctlywaT exopee BAR HymDcTpaumx. Kax BHAHO ft 3TOR Ta6R4Ubl, BCC BHAbl

ZEIT o6nanA1er xaKoil-To cTeneHbtoKommyttHicaTHoHoom, XOTR B onyttae

HCKOMpbtX 4XHICTHLICCKHX TeCTOB otta np146.amtcaeTca K Hynto.

Atm npatcrwtecpcoro CpaBHCHHR cieneim KOMMyHHKRTHBHOCTH noyx

recTon cnerkyeT cyrmatposarb Kom}posaHHbIe 011eHKH 3111X Teo Too oa Taxitx.

urganax (no Ta6nttue 3), Kai( , Haripktmep, CTCReHb KolfTeKCTylithHOCTH,

ayTett TWIHOCTH smblxa, eCTCCTBCHROCTH(ayrewrytHocnt) cHryausx TOCTIWO-

BaHHR, TIORISOTbI oxaara KOMIIORCHTOB HRH cy6tcomnoxeutToo KK.

NqN°:

XapatcrepticTuKii creneffil KOMMyHI4K3THBHOCT11

liiiHrsommaxraveciorx recroa

Ta6nuto 3

CIC/ICHI, tcorviroyin.mannimociti JUIT

XapaxTe- --,

paCTIIICH Ml1HH- 1111)1CC 111,1111C 1 maxclumant,

mantalasi cpcpmero CpCsliCTO Ham

._....

I

1. ,Aximaltoelliac- 1 112COMHOC paccooHoc nu:ma:toe/3K- aKimmoe

ICH13110C 13:13.11C-T103110e

;

Imre VIAi_

1..4_. --1'

2. IKOCI3e1111OCTI,/ KOCBC11111,1ti I KoC13CH111,111 KOCBCIffibItt/ penocpeper-;

;penocpcpc-rpeu-I

pemocpCPCT- I3C111f1,11

110C11, xapalcrepa ! BeHtibln

,113MepCIIIIA C 110- 1

IMO111.M0 fillT-I

1 i 1I

J. .I oomolucline: maxemstrutimo !B TI,.nuay 4:nu- 8 lionw3j 311a- maKCHManbuo

I

i mtagclimeinioraticrwiec- genus(1)optsia Imi.1

!Kam 4)opma/ce-I

,

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13113LICHHC1---- --- -I-. --k-

4. IXapatoep nevi- yaffaliallpe. Lori:cc:Ow I vacrutitioc rtoc- pp...)/kygnmiloe

IxonH11113H.111- ITACHT114IIIKatiIIH !IfIflirCIICTMCC- 1 Itpoll3lICTICUNC HC1101Ibaofia-

27

p.

17,p000.axeftue

N9NCXapaKTe-paCTHKH

CTCHCHB KOMMyHHKaTHBHOCTHILaT

MHHH-

manwaalame

cpenneroamine

cpenaeroNtaacamana-

tiaa

AICCKHX MbICHH-

TCHI.HIAX onepa-

wig rip,' pane-IIHH aananallMIT

UNA IIHErBHC-

TWICCK0ii 4)op-

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KOCI 4opr4L1 CO

3aa4enaemIIHC AMIKOBbI

amount

5. KonTeKeryankrHOCTb 3a,BaHati

H OTBCTOB

IMKIIHMaHbHaa olvocaTenanoBbICOKaA

macoxax maacramank.na

6. OxsaT KOMR0-

HCHTOB KK

YIK .11K, crpano-aexiecKaa K

ace apor.tc 14K,CK

ace KomnoaelTb1

7. AyrewrwaiocmTeCTOBOR carya-

umt

ityneaaa maatcaa cpennasi amcoxari

8. AyTeIITH4HOCTI.

ticnont.3yerdoroa nAT H3bIKa

HH3Ka2 cpeanaa BbICOKaH MaKCHMailbHa

9. Crenem anrep-aKTHBHOCTH

(B3ammoneacT-[MN C napTue-

Flom)

nyneaag IIH3KaSI cpensaa MaKCHMailbIla

10.

11.

,Itommiapylo-mail ypoaetn,ananemist 1451.

npa xoropomacno1b3yeleACOOTBCTCTIVIO-

OHM IIRT (wKa-na ACTI,L)

0-1 1-3 2-3 2-4

flpeneTaInfient,limn nplamepJIAT

4/0IiCTHIICCKHA,

HCKCIPICCKHR,

rpanimaTmec-gal1 TCCT

Tpa,nmulon-!MIA TCCT WC-

HHA, aynapo-BalIkla

TCCT Tana 1(110-

y3, AHKTaHT,

Kom6frompo-

nanabIll TCC1

TCCT-IIIITCpBbl

28

B ra6nnue 4 nEnuaerkeno conocrasnenxe xapaicreplicnix yepen,nembix(ne3xerpeNtaxibublx) 113b1KOBIAX H pegeBbIX. TeCTOB.

B ra6nune 4 npn3nax14 B 1-4 OTHOCHTCH K 3rany nnampoBankni rec-

B n.n. 5-8 K 3rany ero cocramenng, B 11.11. 9-13 i< 3rany npone,ne-

TaCuzuzfa 4

Conon-2)3,7mm xapatcrepHcrmx 333b1HOBbIX H pegeBbix TeCTOB

N°N91-IpmanalcH 14 xapaxTe-

Nu:1'mm 11,111A MIKOBMC Teem! Petiesue TecTM

1. HaaHatle1111e AU OR-

peAeneinte:

niutraircrxtlecxok mom-

ricrenuHH

PcommymixaTHHHon KON1

nereHHHH

2. Xapaxrep 11361CpeliHR Cnomouxiao JIAT:

01110CHTCRI,H0 Rocaeu-Hbln

OTH0CHTC.116110 Henocpep

CTISC111-16111 (14 pe4eB01

geRTC.11611OCTIO

3.1

Ocnomax u.enb npHme-HC111151J1JIT:

gaarHoa, ycneumocTi.

o6y4eHHH

yporiefib 13113,RCHHA pc

yeBbmtH YMCHBRMH

4.i

no,Rxort K coma:mm*0: crpyKrypHbrit. auamcm-vecKHA

KommyHnxaTHamatt,xoronneKcumist

S. XapaxTep aap.alunl: affcxpeTHbiti, sue max-porcouTexcra

HHTerpaTHIHHAA, B Nub

poKOHTCKCTe

6. Xapaxrep npem.asnac-MOr0 B TCCTC MaTCpliallit:

HecRom,xo HCKyCCTBC11-

116111

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13011 J:ICATC3161101.111

7. Ocnotnian xoutkenulta111Ka.1161 Hamepelma c no-

M01111:40 TWT:

op.HomepHaa H yaxasi hmoromepnan 11 KON

11.11CKC11351

8. CrpyKrypa TecTa: o6bitmo C OWIOTRI7/161-

MH 33.R3lIHRMH

C pa3Hoo6pa3Hauvut aRa1414AMH

9- Xapaxrep orneroa Ha aa-gatuta RAT:

npegonpeaenombni THopqemug

10.

11.

OcnosHoil THH OTBCTOB:

flpoueHypa 111JOBCRCIIHN

Tecra:

Ha6npaTenhumit co ceo6opHo xoncrpHpyembnynt OTBeTa6111

liCCKOlibKO /iCKYCCTDC11-

I Has. IwnnonaaCCTCCTBCI111311, Hnor.1

H1111.14BRAY3RMI1151

a

29

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flpH3natoi xapaxre-143biKuHLIf reeTbi

PacTllxv,..11,11T

12. Comm He TecTxpye-Moro:

1. ponb naccHBnan2. molmsauun sanimeintan

PeneBb1C Tecibl

awn-mumabicoKan

13. Pon6 TecTnpyloukero- naccminan

14. 11on.xori K oLtemcc pe-3ynbrdTOB Tee Ta:

onpeacnenne ou,H6oK,npo6enoe

15. npoueHypa onenxn Pe-3ynbraToB Tem:

---1

awriuman napTnep-cKast

OrtputeneHile nic.

CM0)2e1 H cymeeT TeCTH-

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o6bHulo o6beKTKBnan: Hnorga cy6beicrnmianHe 33IIHCHT OT onennBa-

micro

16. 111xana noncneTa pc-3ynb- OTHOCHTenbilan: nopmbi,TaT013 TeCT3 6annbi, npouenTb1

17. Ran vign 0 CH.

a6contoman H COOTBeT-C1BHe C onpep.enelmboanKMITepti2MH

1. BI1ellM22 02CH1, B1leOK22 21,ICOKax

2. KonuenTyanbnau 1H3Ha51 1361COKa2

(Nonc-Ipyi<rnan)

3. .:0110claBHTenhilan l3bleCiKa2 HH3Kan- - - - 4

18. IlaMtlifCHOCTb 1,51.1COKI2 ne Ogelib l3bleOKa2

_I i HH3Ka219. '3KOHOMH2HOCTE,: BbICOKa2

Win TCCTa, B n.n. 14 16 K npoBepicc pnynbTaToui TCCTB H B 11.11. 17 19K HnTcpnpeTaumx pe3ynhTaTOB TCCTa K noica3aTennm KaliCCTB3 TeCTa.

CipyRTypnbdi nonxoil K cocrarincilmo FE3MKOBbIX TCCTOB (CM. n. 4Ta6n. 4) HCBOHb3yeTCH H3-3a Toro. 4f0 BO BpCMH BX HHTCHCHB/101-0 pa313HT14n

H pa3pa6oTKii B 50 60-x romx 8 RHHFBHCTHKC AompompoBann Konnenlikmcupaypannama H rpan4opmatwonno-rencpamnoii rpammaTmKm. Co-rnactio 3THM KOHHCHUHHAC OCHOBW)IMH CAHHHOMH 06y4CHHH H TecTnpoBa-

ctunatorcn cnoBo, cnosocoticTanme H 11pcp,RONCHHC. TCCTHpyemblfiKOBOfi MaTcpman nonsepracTcn imam! ay Clic111,10 othopa B TCCT IlPHCM/ICMIAX30

32

C pa3HIDIX TOtieK 3pe111451 J1141-1TBHCTH4eCKHX eAHHHIT.H3-3a 3T0r0 3aAaf1HR H3b1-

KOBbLX TeCTOB HMETOT AHCKpeTHbIrf, 143011Hp0BaHHMA ):(pyr OT Apyra H OT

6011b11101'0 (MaKpO)KOHTeKera XapaKrep. KaNCA0e 3aAarille Teen H3MepfleT10J1bK0 0,13,14y IpyAHOCTb (CM. nil. 7, 8 B TaaTI. 4). XapaKrep IlpeabH131151e-

M010 B 3THX TeC Tax A3MKOBOTO MarepHalla HOCHT 1103TOMy Heel:01161<T) HC-KyCCTBeHHblii XapaKTep, viTO CH14>KaeT eCTeCTBelfliOCTb npoitenypta Teem-p0B3HHR, yxyAutaer. MOTHBaITHIO TeCTlipyeMblx, OCTaBI13151 TIM TOTIbK0 flaC-

CHBHyto, HeAocraroquo isoptlecxylo ponb.Iiica.3attHoe 3ametiaHHe Han Hewn ripw1HHOR TOTO, TIOtleMy B Taal Mile 4

n. 15 ytca3atio, t1TO ouettxa fl3bIKOBbIX TeCTOB 006b111140>> 06'beKTHBHa. Ileno

B TOM, tiTO 06-beKTIIBHaH, He 3aBHCHIgail OT 01WHI4BaTOIAer0 01.(eilKa pe3yAbTa-

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Banblibal OTBeT 3aAall cpeg OTBIleKa1011THX BapHafiTOB OTECTOB (ATICTpaKT0-p0B). HO COCTaBnelrHe TaKOTO TeCTa T10 TeXIIHKe MHONWCIT3eHHOTO Hm6opa(TMB) OTBelOB 3ailliMaeT AOBORb110 MHOTO HpemeHH, rpe6yer onbura H KOJI-IleKTHBHOR pa6011,1 HeCKOT1bKHX COCTaB14Tel1efl. 1103TOMy Hp14 He6031b11114XKOHTHHITTITax TeCTI4pyeMblx H nplf OTTHOKpaTHOM upHmettetutH rem, Haupt-Mep, H cnytiae npep,HapHre.abHoro onpo6oHaHHH rem, MO>KHO TaK011 TeCT

COCTaBHTb CO CB0601,140 KOHCTpyilpyeMbIMIT OrBeiTaM14, T.e. COCTaBHTb TeCT,

HMe/0111141-4 Cy6beKTHBHy10 01.1,etIKy pe3ynbraTOB. lbIT 110Ka3b1BaeT, 'ITO

OTBeTb1 Ha TaK He Teen! MOACHO nposepHrt. ,aoHonbHo 6brcrpo (cool-Her-any-mum rextunca 6y.Her paccmorpeHa MOM).

Otte 11Ka pe3ylIbTaTOB 513b1KOBOTO TeCTa OplIeHTHpyeTCH Ha OTHOCHTenb-Ily10 U.lKaJIy, nom:comic)/ 3a OCHOBy 6epyr CpeATTHe pe3y1IbTaTbl Aali110TOKOHTHTITCHTa TeCTHpyeMbIX. Pe3yribrarbr petleBbix TeCTOB MOTyr 6brrbnowurranbi T10 yka3aHnoil HopmaTHHHo-opHenmposanuoii luxane, HO B

Cflyt-Iae KOMMyHliKaTHBHbfx TeCTOB HC1TOJ1b3yeTCH TaK HaabiBaeMaR }<Rae-

pHaribitan umana. KOTOpail 6bIlla 11pH BeAella H n. 3.3. Ho 'caw Homy xpwrepHio

COCT31351H1OT AOCTaT0t4H0 nogpo6Hoc onHcanHe ypofateii EinageHHE 1451,

06131,1H0 01AelIbH0 ua Kanab1171 BHA pet-WM-4 Ae5ITellbHOCTI-114 Ha Ka>KAblri KOM-

nouenrIloKa3ale:Ill Kat-lee-ma Tecra (um. 17--19) 6yHyr paccmorpeHbr orHenbno

HH>Ke.

CraligarrH3osaturbie H Hecramapnaonarumie Tecni

CramaprHjosanumm recrom (CT) Ha3mHaercn rakon TeCT. Koropbtii on-po6oHan Ha Aocrarotmo 6onburom (500--1000 H npegcraHHrenbHomkonrHurenre TeCTHpYeMMX H KOTOpbra /Weer Cla6FLTIblible it npiterwiemb;c

notca3a-renH Kagecroa, a ratoKe cnciwcpnHatutio nacnopr c HopmarAH.YCJIOBIIHMK H HHCTpYKL11131MH Ann el0 MH0f0KpaT11010 HCHOTTb30Baffiffl B

I1a311b1X yCJIOBHT1X.

Ilpegcral3Hrenbirocrt, KOHTHHITHTa 0311111-Wer, 'UTO 13b160pKa TeCTHpye-

MbIX HO HY gambini (oo3pacr, non, o6yveuHocrb, o6y4acmocrb. Hau,noHanb-nocrb 11 np.) upencraHnHer raKne -,-Ke /iambic Kaxoff-ro 6onee Kpynnoii Hbr-6opi<H, Koropyto lIeBO3M0)4(HO H Heltenccoo6pa3Ho TeCTI4p0BaTb C HOMOW.M0

31

,13

npeasapwrenbHmx Bap Hawrou CT. YKB3aHHbIe u oripegenernm CT paaHmeyCHOBHII HCHOMb3OBBHHH J1EFT 051114110 ,HOBOHI3H0 orpaHmeHm H ,a0MKTIM6bITb ywaaaHm B cneuximiKausni nacnorrre.

HecraHHapTH3OBBHHb1MH Ha3mHafoTCH npenogaHaTenbCKHe/y4HreflbCKHC(classroom) TeCTbi (FIT), KoTopme COCTaBneHbI CBMHMH npenonaHarenHmH/Y-IHTeRBMH gasi CBOHX yqaulaxcH. Oim HMeIOT Ha npaimiKe HeCKOJIbK0 Ha3 Ba-HHH. npocro Tea, TCCTOBaSi KOHTpOilbilaR pa6o-ra, KBH3 (quiz). TIT KOpOT-KH, H JU1 HHX Heo6snarenulo onpegeneHHe Hcex noKaaaTeneii Ka twain.OHMIC() OHH opultialorca OT 06b14H0r1 KOHTp0.413HOR pa6oTm (3anamiH) TCM,410 flp0BOA1TC11 XOTH 6h1 onHo onpo6oHanHe c Henmo onpeHeneHHH rpyn-Hocm 3aHa11iii Ana Gonee o6ocH0Halmoro cocrameHHH oKomarenbuoroBap Hann FIT.

FlmeeT CMbICH Huecm ewe ow-1y pa3HOEMAHOCTb SIAT, npomexcyroguyiomeAcTly CT H HT. 3ry pamoalwoczb uenecoo6pamo 1{a3BaTb ROKaTIbH0crannaptinonamimm TeCTOM (J1CT). KaK BblreKaCT H3 Ha3BaH1451, ero OTHH-%IC OT CT COCTOHT B TOM, 410 npeAcTaBirrenbuoil Bi3160pKOR HBHHeTCHKOHTHHTeHT reamers/mix ()TURA W.KOJlbI, omforo By 3a HRH LUKO.H/By3OBoxioro ropona B npenenax 100-300 yen. C opgoff cTopoimi, 3TO yny4nuen-

uo3mown0 6onee nonnblii UT H, C Apyroil CTOpOlibl, 3T0 menee crponthno noKa3arenars4 Kagecisa CT. Ecnm rrr coerannalor 1-- 2 venosek-a, a JICTFie6onbuian rpynna (4--5 tienonex) , TO cocramenHem «unipoxo» czainaapm-30BaHHbIX TeCTOB oxHatwilm i(enble KOMICKTHBbI.

THKHM o6pa3on.4, cTenelm CTaHgapTH300HHHOCTH Jl,UT aalanotiaeTcH BCTCHCHH HX paapa6oramlocm, B pa3Holi npeAcTaBwrenbHocTH BbIöOpOK TCC-ntpyembix min onpo6oHanH5I H xcnorib3oBaltun, a raloKe B KatleCTBC CaMHXTCCTOB.

B Ta6nitue 5 npuseuena Kavecruennag HpHTOHHOCTb TeCTOB pex crerie-iiet PAH BIBTIOnoelion paaHmx cpyHxu,oft reaHpoHanHH. Craw.napnwoHammle Team 6yHyr nogpo6Hee paccmoTpetml B pa3Hene 3K000-MH4HOCTH TeCTOB.

TaCouria 5

TpCX Cienelieff CTaligapTInaltHM

pa3HMX 4lytIK11041-4 TeCilip0821fHA

CTCI1CJU, CralwaprinauHri

(DY1111114H 'NMI)

1. Kompoimpytomaamom)

2. fluarlIOCTWICCKaH

Ilpo6cnbl)32

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Baimbitt (111)

(yciIeBae-

01111161CH,

AapTICIOBalt-

111.1t1 (.11CT)

gapTH3Oliati-IMO (CT)

Hpodonxenue

(1/YHKHHH TeCTOH

Creneith CTaltHaPT143aHHH

HecraugapTH-

30BaRHbIti (UT)

HOKailbH0 CTaH-

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3. YcneumocrE. o6yme1ma Cupcm-MCCI-11451) + + + +

4. 06mee snaJlemie. 5131,1KOM + + + +

5. Ilportio3 6yAmett ycriesae-NlOCTH o6ytieriFig

6. 06ria1om,aa t ++ 4

7. BocnwraTenbnast + + 4-

8. licenegosarcmcKag + + + +

rl pHr4 eqaHa c: «++y, maxcHniaribno B031.010)KHoe BLItionHeHHe gautiott cpyinc-

Welli; «-+D uptcHltillimanbitasi 1103M0>FalOCTb (C HextocTaTRardit) smnonHewis galutott

cpyliKutut; » He1303MONCHOCTI, HRH Heuenecoo6pa3Hocm BLIHORLICHHSI Aamiott

c)a)rummit.

3.4.3. Knaccncinucamui Tema no nexisim TeCTHIX)BaHMH

Ho uennm recrifponalinn JIZT o6brino ic.nacaulniuspporcn cnegyiounimo6pa3orA (no crenemi Ba)Knocm):

I. Teem rie6iibut tiocriixcemiii (achievement tests);2. recrbi o6uiero Bnanemin HHOCTpaHHMM fl3MICOM (proficiency tests);3. nnartiocrwiecxne recrbi (diagnostic tests);4. mum cnocothiocren (aptitude tests).Tecrbi yqe6nbix nocrimemtii HBH ycneumocm o6ylieinin COCTaBlIBIOTCR

Tomo no nporpamme (ylie6unKy) }um nporeiummy R3bliCOBOMY MarepHanyH HCflOnb3yfOTCH ABB ocytnecrimenna retcymero, npomewyrotinoro H wroro-aoro KOHTp0/131. 3m TeCTM, xpome TOM, BMHBJIMOT 01.111161CH H HC,LOCTaTKHo6yileinin H no3romy HMCWT TaK)Ke nexorophie imartiocrwiecimegeM §Onbale OxBaT nponneimoro 5131,TKOBOTO marepliana B recre, TCM nytnnerIpOSIBJMOTCA H CTO AHaTHOCTH4eCKHC 4yHxw1M. C Apyroft cropolibi, CUMCOeTaBHTb recr y4e6ilblX nocrmKeiniii a6virypilenrou, TO, BOCKOBMCy B Heroueo6xomimo BicillogHTb ripoaepxy ccbopmuponainiocni pa311biX HHOSIMPHIbIXHaBbIKOB H ymeinni, Tamil recr immepaer H oftee Bnaneime HHOCTpaHHbIMHMIKOM.

1 ecrbi o6mero maximum 1411 COCTaBBAIOTCH HC3aBHCHMO OT nporpamm}r9e6litixon) nperuAnymero o6yziemin. B TCCT raicoro pow MO>KCT 6bITE,

310110tICHa nponepica rex HHOSI3bItillbiX HaBbIKOB 14 ymemnl, Koropme 6ynyrueo6xon1mbi min nanneritudi pa6orm ion TaKHM o6pa3om, nor

2 ,or 330

BHA recta MOACeT B61110JIHSIT6 H npornocruttecKne cliyincann Canac 310Bee 6onbure recrbi jns onpeAenemtn ICOMMy1114KaTHBHOil Komnereintmt.

LIAn cocraanennn Tufarnocrwiemix recroB c nomoutmo npertsapwrenb-Horo onpo6oBamn Kat( moxalo 6onbtuero xonritiecrBa 06-beKTOB recrnposa-rum BbIaBlisnorcn rpymtocrn H 0111346KH, *mumble /Ann BaHHOF0 KOHTHHTeH-Ta recrnpyemboc. alor BHA recra, eCTeCTBeHHO, BbISIBBIleT H xatiecrno npep,bi-riyutero 06y4eHH51, r.e. aannercn recrom ytie6wix nocrnwerinti. 3.14}irpam[1231 ctntraer, 4TO, gem 6onblue Koirrexcra a mtarnocrittleckcom recre, rem

xywe BbIlleHlffleTCS1 nmeinto nnartrocrntiecKan 4))/HKIBIH 3T0f0 recra. Omtatco3r0 cnpaBeaiduso TO.116K0 B cnytiae H3b1KOBbIX TeCTOB.

IlpOTH03 6yHyl-Heri yerieuatocrn o6ynetatn HSI mower 661Tb cocrasneniia 6a3e recra o6utero smarten-an 1451, ecnn recrupyemblii y>ice o6y4en, HO Bnanane o6ynetinn, oco6entio B carom,' natiane mytieloot HSI ncnonbaylorcacnettnanbnble npornocrwiecxne TeCT61, Bbistannioutne paattbie cnoco6nocrnK H3r1eHHEO 1451. Taxne recrbt 6yrtyr paccmorpenbt mme B pavene npo6-nem cocraanoutn recron.

,11)K. Knapx [98] C1111TaeT, 410 anarnocrynecxne Teem 51B315110TCH pa3-nomtwrocrbio rectos AOCTH)KeHH11 (diagnostic achievement tests) napany crecramn o6uutx yve6nbIx nocricKerimi (general achievement tests). A. l'appn-con [117] BblHenneT rearm nocrio+cennil, oöwero BilapLeHHfl 1451, AHarflOCTH-4ecKne, a raime ewe Tax na3bumemble pacripegennrenanbie recrbi (placementtests), nenbto KOTOpbix sumnercn pacnpenenemte recrnpyembtx no pe3yrib-raram 3roro recra B npitmepno pamble no yportmo o6yticiniocri4 yne6nmerpynnbi. Pacilpegennrenbnble Huff BCTyTIHTeHbHble recrbt no cyinecrny 310nn6o TeC Tbi f1OCTIDICeHHfl, CUM mai cocraBnenbi HO nporparsime, nn6o recrbio6wero Bnagennit intocrpataibm il3b1KOM.

P. BaRerr [165] raioKe npnBonor ,aBe pa3HOBHAHOCTH recroB1111 H3 goropbix (Tea nporpecca) npenna3nanen gnn relquiero H

npomewyrotmoro KOHTp0.11H ycneBaemocrn, a npyroil (CO6CTBe11110 TCCT1.10CTH)iCeHlict) npewta3na4en Win HTOTOBOTO KOHTp0HH.

113 Bbirueoca3aintoro cneayer, 410 HpaKTH4eCKH Bee Tp11 OCHOBH6IXnma recros 511311311oTCSINitioroneneBbinitn, nro noxamlio B raarnote 6.

Tadau 4a 6

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B Kaaccmemori TeCronorHn (cm., HanpHmep. 11. .11Hilepr, A. AllacTamfip. [130; 1] o6bigno yKaablBaHyrcH crieBylouwe OCH0131 110Ka3aTe1114

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:3 7

35

Bauw,Hocm. flog B3JIHHHOCTbI0, Haabataemoii HHorp,a ,nefICTEleHHOCTbIO,apeicsamocTblo, flpHrOTWOCTI)}0, HOHHMBETCR OTBBT Ha ponpoc: HamepneTHaftHblci TecT Her4CTBHTeBbH0 TO, WO XOTBTM ero cocrapwrenH. B cnriae313bIKOBbIX TeCTOB OTBeTI1Tb Ha 310T ponpoc Heciconbico merge, HOCKOHWyOHH OHLIONAHee H (MHO niallHee petieBbix, oco6eHHo nparmamtlecickm H KOM-MyHMCBTHBHbIX TeCTbI.

B Ta6nHge 7 HIMIBCHCHbI Te SHAM BaHHAHOCTH, KOTOpbIB TIMBHILHOHHOHCHOHbVIOTCH B cnriae 113b1KOBEAX TeCTOB, flpHIIBM OHH ripHgegeHm He HOHaxcHocm, a go ciegeHH KOHKIXTHOCTH HX copepicamig. Ilepame gin almaBanHgjiocTH ',worm Ha3bisarar 3Nu1HintgecicHmx (KpHTeplianbniamx), no-CK0111Ky conocrapHTenbHpo H npornocnnecKylo BaJIH,HHOCTb MOACHO onpege-nHTb KOHHHeCTBeHHO gepea coomeTcmylouptil K0344HHHeHT Koppensnum.OcTanbHbre TpH pima BaHHHHOCTH no cogepwaHrpo, KOHCTpyKTHY10 H Emma.Hi010 MOACHO onpegemrra MUM KatiecTseHuo, gepea COOTBBTCTBYKHUHri alia31H3TCCTHpyeM01-0 H31,HCOBOTO maTepHana, 061eKTOB TecTHpopamin, nporpa MMbIH Hp.

Tadautia 7XapaKTepHCTHICa BH,n0B BanKAHOCTH J1AT

Bannutiocm XapawrepacTaxa Cnoco6 onpenenalillA

Conocraartrent, Hamonbxo xopoino H3MCpBeTTCCT TO, 4T0 X04CT TeC-

Tonor no cp....nientuo C npyramTCCTOM Will OHCHK011.

Pe3ynbramt naInforo TeCTa cono-cTaanalorcn (onpenenaeTcn }<op-pensinan) c pe3ynbTaTama npyro-r0 TCCTa anti outflow! npenona-aareneR, Koropme nonpletim ;:lonnii cpaay nocne natifforo Tecra.

Ilpornocrwlectoa HaCKOnbK0 xopoluo pc3ynwrananaHHoro TeCTa npenclo3b1113}0T,nanpamep, ycneintiom 6yoy-wen ytte6m.

Nay:Imam! gannoro Tecra cono-CraBlIftIOTCA (onpenenacTca }cop-

pensunta) C pe3ynbTaramn gpyro-Koropbni npotfonnrca

gepea, nanpamep. nonroga ;umrog rie6m.

Conepwarenwiasi Ilpencrartaenbl /LH a nannomTecTc ace Baxifettufac anemenTLIconcpwanaa nporpammbi, yLte6-!taxa H T.n.

Koncrpywntam(Konnarry anh.naa)

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.36

Hpodonarenue

Bannp,nocrb Xapaicrepncnfica Cnoco6 onpcaenennsi

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Kammoll KOMnereKujui.

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onene.neHHH CO110CTaBHTel1b110/1 Ba111411110CT14 Baxwo yVeCTb, VTOCOOTBeTCTBPOLIVIO Koppennnmo cle3Y.TIbTaTOB paccmarpHisaemoro recra c pe-3ynbraramll npyroro Hamepemin (rem, oneHxH) moryr cHmKarb:

1) HecosnaneHHe oftetcron Hamepemn naHHoro recra 15 conocrannHe-Moro Teen, a raxxce paIDECI1OBK14 (paC110110>KeHHR recrHpyemblx. 110 ypownoanal:tenpin 113b1KOM) 1111 14 011eHOK ycnesaemocrH. HanpHmep, eC1114 conocrannn-kOT pe3yJibTaTb1 neKcHtiecKoro recra H 011CHICH ycnenaemocrH, TO KoppenHuHRmower 6burb HesblcoKag /43-3a Toro, tiro ri oneuxax yarenaemocm yinfrbtsa-IOTCR, 'Tome 311a111451 neKCIIKII, eine, HanpHmep, omerbi no nomaumemygrew-Ho HIllS yeT11131M rebiam. floaromy nytnue B3SITb Arm twain:alum (onpe-neneHHH BanHnHocrH) paccmarpHsaemoro recra KaKoff-HH6ynb npyroil recrC H3BeCTIIMMH napamerpabm (Hmei-oundi re >Ice 06-bexml remponaHHH,POCTaTO4Hy10 BaJIHMIOCTb H Hane)fcHocrb);

2) spemeHm5i4 pa3pbm memcny nponenemem gaHHoro recra H conocras-nHemoro recra. EC1114 3T0T paapbm 6onee 1 2 Henenb, TO recrHpyemble moryrB KaKOrt-TO creneux (oloyitHrbcaD, nonomy, ecnH TEC!' He C1114111KOM

11,11/4111/bIll 14 eCTb spew Ha nponeneime npyroro, conocraannemoro recra,nylnue ncero nposecrH o6a H3NtepeHHR on,HoapebteHno.

.11,1151 npellOnaBarenbCKIIX TeCTOB Heo6smarenbH0 BbIVHCJIeHlie conocra-BHITIMHOci, a ratoke 11pOCHOCTWIeCK0f4 BaTIV113,HOCT11.

KoHcrpylcrnan Ba1114,111-10CTb 3T0 CTelleHb 060C110BaHHOCT14 yrnepKneHna0 TOM, 111.0 nanHbiti recr H3MepfleT runtigHoe CBOACTBO 141111 COCTORHHO, orpa-waemoe B nanHom KoHcrppere (KoHueraum) [1] . B cnriae IUT TaK11M14KOHHeI1UHSIM14 SiB1151 IOTCR 11C14X01114HrB11CT1414eCICE111 MO11e11b yCB0C1 114 SI TeCTI4-

pyeMbIMH TOR) 1411 14 HI 10/0 /13b1KOBOr0 marepHana [45] , a TatoKe MOACJIb KK.Bonee timpoicHmis H KOH/CpeTIIMM11 TeOpeTsPleCKHM/1 Koituenattami: 11B111110T-C/1, Haninmcp, crpyKrypanHam, rpalicckopmaunouHo-reHepainnuaH rpambia-niKa, KommyHHKarmatHan npHpona petal. HanpHmep, recrbi, cocranncunble norecronorwlecicHm ninmumnam P. .11aAo [ 1 27] , HMelOT accbma xopoiuyioKOHerpyK10pHylo Bali 1411HOCTb C TO11/CH 3PCHBR crpywrypanaama.

Ponb BIICIUHCH Ba5111/1,HOCTH Ho3pacraer c ynenHvemem pant KOMMYHH-KaTHBIlblX 14 nparmarmecxxx TeCTOB. HaripHmep, TeCT111 nina K110y3 KaWYTCH

37

Tecimpyembnm CTpanHbIMH, noaTomy ClierlyeT HM O6IS1CHHTb, I1TO B ec-TecTsemlom noroHe petal, HanpHmep, ripit paarosope no Tenecpoityna pOBHOM ti3bIKe, MbI nerHo aanonttnem soammatoume onponycxm.Hcxogs wi KOHILeTILIH11 .11HHrBHCTiltleCKOil H H11430pmaaH0HHOF1 H36b1-T0t1HOCTH stabnca, HeTpygno noHaaaTb HonuenTyanbHyto BaJMIBHOCTIa TeCTOBTHIla Hnoya, HO HX BHe11111$13 BaRHAHOCTb NIB TecTHpyembut He o6a3a-Tenb110 6ygeT otiesKanoft.

13 cnyttae pettessix TecTos soanfficaer csnaatman c sHeamert swum-IlocTb10 npo6nema ByTeHTHIIHOCTH, HoTopyto iiyauto nommtaTb He TOSIbK0C ToLIKH apetnin 5131,1Ka, HO H C TO11KH 3NHHB TeCTOBOR ctiTyauttii, T.e. Ha-ClconbK0 6111431<CA sonneTcn gannaa Tee-maw' cHTyagHti K peanbnoft Nan-He11Hoii. Bblme 6bmo yHaaano, tITO gocnylb 11031HO1 ayTeHTHt1HOCTI1 TipaKTH-14eCKH 11011TH HeB03MOM010.

HaTtexatocm. Baxotbum HonmecTseHnbm noHaaaTenem xattecTsa .J1,J1TRBJIBeTCH HX nageHatocTb, nog, HoTopoft notimHaeTca onpegenenHaa era-6HilbHOCTI, H ycToiltmsocTb pcaynbTaTos TecTa. HaBe)BHOCTb TeCTa MO)KHOBbIpa311Tb vepea:

1) ico3t4HuHenT CTaGHJIbHOCTII, HoToptaft Bb111HCBileTCA KaK K034:411-11HCHT Koppentimm meacpy peaynbTaTamkt gityx nocnegonarenbnsix 'recut-posaitHil ontioro H TODD )1Ce KOHTHHITHTa Tecliwyemmx OBHIIM H Tem >tceTCCTOM. TaK0e nosTopHoe TecTHposamte He scerAa 1303MOACHO H Heneco-o6pa3no, noaromy utile npH6eratoT K gpyrim cnoco6am onpeLtenetmaIlagewHocrx;

2) HoatiximisteHT 3KBHBaneHTH0CTH, HoTopmf4 onpegenaeTcs Hat< Hoacp-cluumeHT Hoppentama memmy peaynbTaTarsat gsyx napannetsbmAx (pasHo-Tpygnbtx) 43opp.1 ognoro H Toro we Tecra y 0,11110r0 H TOr0 )1(e KOHTHHreHTaTecTimyembtx. OgnaHo H B arom crtyltae Tpe6yeTca nosToptioe TecutpoBatme,a Taxwe cocrasnenHe gnyx pasnbtx cpopm TecTa;

3) Ko344HugeHT BilyTpeHHer0 flOCTOAHCTBa, HoTopblit onpegensercaHat( K0344141tHela KOppennalilt mehmy pe3ynbTaTanm psyx 110110B1411 og-noro H TOR) )1(e Tecia 6ea nosTopnoro TecTHposamts. CnegyeT TOJ1bK0110,T.IctiHTaTb GaJIJIbi Haxmoro TecTHpyerooro (KOnwleCTBO 14.11H

lteltpasHnblislx OTBer013) OTTICSIbH0 HO HetieTtibm H itertibmt nomepam aaganxiirecta;

4) HoatlxlmtimenT romoreintocTH, HoTopbtit onpegenneTcH c nomombtocpemeHsagparntlecKoro OTKJIOHCH1111 pe3yribTaTou recta no cpopmyne Kio-nepa-Pnitapncolta. 3TOT cnoco6 naH6onee ygo6en, 110 B cnyvae manbtx K011-THIIreHTOB HeilbiTyeMblx (menee 50 gen.) c Op,H0p0HHMM ypomno nowo-T0hglr1 cocTasom Tecrupyembtx 3TOT cnoco6 MO>KCT garb 3HaIIHTC31bHble0TKJ1011e11Hfi OT HcTHHHOA 11aReWHocTH TeCia.

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manblio 1303M0>KHail 110KpbiBaCMOCTb tiporpaNtrobt cnyttae HToroBoroTecTa 110CTHWC1lHi:1), H penpe3ettramsnan sbl6opHa KOIITHIICCHTa TeCTHpy-eMbIX, T.C. 11T0Gbi 6b1/1H npegcrannetibt KaK 6onee cHnbnan, TaK H 6oncecna6an ItaCTH KOHTMIreliTa, AAR KOTOpOr0 1713cH,Ha311aIle11 BaH11b11.4 TecT;38

4

2) Konmecrso 3anamni. gem 6onbure xonmecrBo 3anatuni AUT, Tem Ha-neAotee 3T0T TeCT. MONCHO 110llb30BaTbCH tbopmynoil Cmipmeria-Bpayrta AnayBenmernin Harlem( nom recra nyTem yBeT1141-1eHHB tatcna 34(aHrtft:

m ro r (1 ro)oncyr:ta m t

1 + (rn - 1) - ro ro(1 - rt)

re rt 3anaBaematt, )tcenaeman HanexcHocrb;ro ricxoroan Hanexmocrb;m taten0, noxammaromee, BO CKOTIbK0 pa3 cnenyeT yBerurtarrb KOJIH-

tiecTso 3anam-al B Tecre;3) rpyn,tiocrb 3anatatii. Bonee rpyanbul Tea o6bltmo Hanexotee nencoro

not yCJIOBHH, Eno Bce 3anamm recTa HMeIOT nocraTotmyto Tatelxpepernalpy-touryto cnoco6Hocrb (,aC). Baxotee, ontialco, Hmerb B TecTe patatomepHoepacupenenemte xonmecma 3anamil no ;ix Tpynnocm, T.e. trro6b1 3anamta6b1JIH C rpynnocTbro, Hancomep, no nponerrry 11paBILTIblibiX OTBeTOB B HHTep.Bane OT 30 % 85 %;

4) cieneub onHopowtocrit yporuin nonrormucH TecTupyemmx npHognopognom KOBTHlifeHTe HaTIeWHOCTb Tecra CHH>ICaeTCH, oco6eHrto B TOMcnyirae, ecnn recr rpyntree 011THManbilOTO (50-60 % lipaBHJIMIbix omeroB);

5) TatrixPeperfaxpytoutari cnoco6nocTb 3anatract recra. gem orta BbruleB cperntem no Teciy, Tem Hagemmee rect., npagem norm Henocraromito LUH4-4)epernmpyroutrtx 3aBaHltil 0,30 < < 0,40 Be nomtota npeBbanaTt10-15 %;

6) cra6Hnbitocrb Emeunant ycnornet TeCTHp0B3IIHR yeTHE.IX HFICTpyK-

11,14171, m0TH.Bau,M4 Temnpyemboc, spemeHH, orBortHmoro a TecraposatmeH

7) CTa6H.T1b1IOCTb H cTannapTH3aurta 011eFIKH Cy6leKTHBlibIX petieBbrxTeCTOB.

Elpaicnirmoris Tem. Hon npaxrittatocTmo AEU nommaror cne,rtyrounteero xatrecrBa:

1) ,BOCTyllHOCTI, HitcrpyKurtil TecTa H coneptcatma 3anaHr4ft Tecia Ana11011HM311HH TPCIflpyembimm; 2) cpamarrenbHyro npocToTy opram43anymrecrHpoBaruta; 3) BO3MOWHOCTb nposenettrut Tecra B 061,1111-1MX BAR IIIKOJIM

"73a ycnormnx; 4) cparnrwrenbuyro npocrory npoBeptcH Or1p0ClibIXJlliCTOB, nonctieTa pe3ynbTaroB Tecra H nonBenetma HTOCOB.

flpo6nema 3KOHOMHIII4OCTH recToB paccmarproaeTcn 11H>Ke OTAel1b110.Aononinfrenblime noica3aTenit Katiecma BHHISOAHABKTINeCKHX TeCTOB.

,11,11HTenbilasi npaxrmca anTopa no COCTaBlie141410 pamtbrxHbIx TeCTOB noxa3ana xcenarenbnocm HCII0Bb30BaBHA CBCII)/}01n,HX LiO-

non noxa3aTerleit Katiecisa 3Trut Tema:1) penpe3eltrammtocrb; 2) CTCHellb Colmar:Leto-in cpertneft rpyntrocrit

namtoro TCCTa C onrnmanbrioct cpenHeii rpynHocimo; 3) BapHauna cpenHeiirpyroocrH; 4) cprittunt p,H4343eperumpylotaam CROCO6BOCTb Tecra; 5) AOJISIIlegOCTaT011110 nn44cper1awy1011111X

Penpe3eirranumocrb KOBTHBreltra rinT notca3bu3aeT, BaCKOIlb}CO npen-craBHTenbnbm 6bu1 xownotrenT Ann onpo6oBantin npcarecia no cpainte-

. , 39

(1)

41

HMO C OCHOBHOil BbI60pKOil HJIH reHepanbHon BE160pKOfi. Ecnx Tecr He o6na-gaer pe1Ipe3eHrarm3HocTbto ICOHTHHTeHT3, TO flH ero ECTIOBB3OBBHHH MO>KeTyxygularbcH ero Kagecrno (nagaeT BJ1HJHOCTh H HagewHocrb).

Penpeaeurammocrbm ofteKros recmponaHHH Hammaerca noxpbma-emocrb nporpammHoro marepHana (Hrut ero llama) ero Bm6opKoil B recTe.B Tecr cnegyeT BICIII043Tb HaH6onee Baw.Hble H npegcranmenblible 3.nemeirrbiH gam' npongeHHoR nporpammbl.

gem 6anbule creneub cTaHgapTH3aHHH rem, Tem 6onbuie Heo6xogH-MOM H BO3MOACHOCTH cocTanwreneii Tecra perynHponam ero cpegmolorpygnocTb. PerynHponarb HywHo, OJEHMKO, Bcerm B CTOp011y Tax Hanana-eMOri 011THManbHOR cpegHerf Tpyg.Hocim TecTa, trro6ni, C 01H0fi CTOpOHM, TOTE,H 6o.nee CHIMHBIM TeCTHpyeMbIM B4OCT3TO4H0 BO3MOACHOCTeil 1Ip0HBHTb ce6si,a, c npyrofi cropoHbi, H36eHcaTn Tatcoro nonoNceHHH, 4TO 6onee cna6bul noyporoun 1101COTOBICH recuipyembni cmoHcer npammbHo BMITOHHHTI, BHILthHe6onbwyto Homo 3agaHkfil Tecra.

OAHOR 143 Henect npegnapHTenblioro onpo6osaini5i recTon Kai( pa3 Hasnaerca onTHmH3auyin ero cpegHect TpygllocrH.

ECIIH npHHHTB gonycmmbth Hinepnan TpygHocTH 33433HH5i, Hanp lump,no npouelay TIpaBHIMMAX orBeTon B npegenax OT 35 % Tko 85 %, TO 01ITH-M311bH0ii TpyB,HOCTMO cnegyer ctinraTb 60 % win unwoKo craKnapTH3o-BaHliblx recron. 3ro cornacyercH c o6bmoii cpegneil napHagHeii pe3ynbra-TOB 3THX TeCTOB B npegenax 15 %, H TOTA3 a cnyvae HopmanbHoro pacnpe-neneama pe3ynbraros TeCTOB 95 % recmpyembtx BHHIOJIHHT TecT C peaynb-Taramx n npegenax OT 30 % no 90 %. aro 3HaturrenbHo ymenbwaer BO3MOAC-HOCTb 6onbworo qHcna cronpogeHTHbm pe3ynbTaros, a Taxwe CHHIUKOM 11113-KHX pnylIbTaTOB a npenenax rpamw cnyvaiiHoro yragbinaHHH (25 %).

OnTHma-nbHan cpenHnn Tpy):1,HOCTb npenoganarenbcxm TecTon 3/134H-TeMbHO nbnue yxa3aHHoro, HOCKOHbKy 3TH TeCT1,1 BMFIBIIHIOT ycnenaemoerbytialunxca. HanpHmep. ocimusanbHan amain MHHnpoca 3CCP npegnaranaCT:IBHT1, OlteliKy 05)) 3a abliTall name Tem HIM KOHTpOilbH011 pa6oTblB 061eMe 95-100 'X, ogeHxy (4» 3a 75-94 %, o3» 3a 50-74% He.(1» 3a 10-49 %.

BapHawin saipawaerca OTHOLLIeHHCM cpegneKnagparwiecKoro orKnone-min peaynbraroa recTa K cpewlemy appHimeninectcomy. 0Ha none3Ha nnOHCHKH HageHmocm, win .x.apaKrepHeTHKH rereporeHnocm pa3HbIX KOH-THHrellTOB TecTHpyemblx H gin CHOCO6HOCTH gaH110f0 recra qaacrarxriaTb»gannble o6 yponne BOATOTOBICH recrHpyembix.

.114(1)epei1i.Hpylowas cnoco6Hocrb (.L(C) 3anaHHH Hanneicn, HapagyC eTo TpygliocTbio, BawHOii xapaicTepliCTHKOIT 33a3HHH. Upii 004HCTKeDnpennapwrenbliOTO recTa OT HeicallecrneHHHIx 3anami 06bInno mown() opHeH-THponaTbcyl Ha rpygnocTb 3anaHHil.

3a npegenamH yKa3aHuoro Hwrepnana rpywiocrefi OT 30-35 % TkopaccmarpHnaemoe 3anatme pke He MONCeT B nocTaTotmoil mepe

;_unixtlepenwtponarb CHHHHbIX H cna6bix recrHpyembix.gacio, OBH3KO, KageCTBEHHIDIX 33AaHlici (IIC 6onbwe 0,40) He xnaTaer

13 ICU IIMIXO,1311TC5I TMC11102TA aanaima c JJ.0 B HfirepaaHe OT 0,30 1.1p4 0 4 2.. I 4

.4.

0,40. Itoma TaKHX aamindi y oregecrEefixbix H 3apy6extuax recroa Kone6-nerca B npenenax OT 10 % TAO 20 % [24] .

B ra6nHug 8 npHsepkeHm THITH4Hble KoraplecrnenHbxe 3HatieHHB OCHOB-nbiX H Aonontu{renbHmx noKaaareneil }calmer-Ha IWT.

Ta6fzu4a 8

KonwiecTaemale 3H2Meliliff nexa3arenert icayeemanwirsopArstaxnefecxxx TeCTOB

Pa3HOBHAHOCTI. i1,E1T

ri0Ka3aTentt RagecTea npertogaeaTenb-cloth

norcananocraH,RapTHao-

Balitisitt

cTamkapni-3osaimmit

1. COITOCTaBHTenana31 Hamm-

HOCTI, 0,80-0,85 0,85-0,

2. lipornocTmecxasi Bar 111,11-

HOCTI. 0,60-0,70 0,70-0,80

3. Hap,exotocra 0.60-0,80 0,75-0,85 0,85-0,95

4. Orrnimanwiaa cpepgaa rpyg-HOCTb Tecra 70-80 % 60-70 % 55-65 %

5. Bapiauma 8-12 % 10-15 % 10-20 %

6. Cpewisix miclacPepenunpylo-

ulasi cnoco6nocm (owtottyam( TecTa) 0,40-0,45 0,50-0.55 0,55-0,60

7. Mamcirmanafto manycrimaa

onsi HeRtocraTogito Awlx[ae-

PeliuSIViouulx 3a.gav14 il 20-30 15-25 10-20

3.6. 3KOHOMINHOCTb IIHM-1130/11,L1AKII1qECKHX TECTOB

3K0Homim0crb lUll Hmeer 6onbume 3Havelnie B nepsyto ogeperkb AnnciatigapTinoBaHlibm TeCTOB, HOCKOMI(Y am ream paccIncraHbI Ha 6onbwoeKonwiecrso recmpyemboc it Ha mc cocrasneme 3aTpatantaercB muoro cmiH spemeHH. Bonpocbl 3KOH0MHITHOCTH 11,113 cnenyer oco6eHHo ytnirbIBarbHa 3Tanax MX nnaHHposanHa H cocrannemn.

B nwreparype no recram op,HH apropb1 Boo6ine o6xon.fir BO1p0Cbi o63KOHOMW1HOCTH, XOTI 3111 nonpocm )KenarenbHo rlitTbniaTb npH cocraane-

41

43

H npenosasarenbcmtx TeCTOB. ,11,pyrHe asTopm orpamminatorcs .4111.11bKOpOTKIIMH onpesenetnismn 3KOH0MINHOCM, climax sbrreKalowHe 1t3 npo6-nem 3KOHOMWHIOCTH sonpocm nerKo pa3peuli1Mmss1. HanpHmep, P. Raw[127] cvxTaer 3KOHOMHIIHIAM TeCT, B cnyvae KOTOpOTO MOACHO liallONCHTenb-

HO OTBeTHTb Ha Bonpoc: H3MepHeT JIB TkaHHb111 TeCT TO, 420 XOTHT ero COCTaBH-

TeTIH, 3a pa3ysiHoe BpeMa, y4HTbIBail yCTIOBan TecTliposamis? 14HTepeCHO TO,4TO B. Keppon [95] , y KOTOpOTO COHCeM ApyT011 TIOXIXOT( K "MT, B 3TOMorHomensH 3asaeT npaKTmecKH aHanoravHbffi nonpoc: saeT nH recT TaKsmoro HHcl)opmauliH, KaK Heo6xonmmo, c MHHHMallbHbIMH pacxosamH ape-mast, ycHnHil pecypcos? HeKoropme aCneKral 3KOHOMINHOCTE .TuurOCBeIlteHb1 B erarbsx awropa Hacrosuiero TIOCO6H51 [9, 34, 24] .

3KoHomw4Hmm cmen,yer ctstrarb TaKoil HAT, KOTOpMrd npH 3asanHmxyCJI0BMIX gel1H, 061,eKTb1 recmposaHHH, so3pacT H yposeHb SosroTosKHTecrHpyemblx saer maKcHmym npc-rosepHoii HHel)opmanym o TeCTHpyeMbIXC MHHHMaTibMAMH 3aTpwramH spesdem H ycHnHii Ha ero cocrasneHHe, npose-ACHIle H o6pa6orKy. 143 3TOTO onpeseneHHH cnen,yeT, 4TO cocrasneme 3KOHO-mwmoro Teen Tpe6yer onTHmH3au,HH pup noKa3aresect Teem npH peweismcnenpousix npo6nem:

1) ynenHveinie vHcna 3asaHHii TecTa nossuuaeT ero HagewHocm, HO BTo xce spems nomwaer ero 3KoHommHocrb, nocKonbicy Tpe6yercs 6onbluecwl H spemeHH Ha HX cocrasneHHe H BbIllORHetilie;

2) vem BbIU.IC cTeneHb KOMMyHTIKaTHBHOCTH JIAT (H3mepeHHe 6oneeKOHTeKeTyaTibH0 H meHee KOCBeHHO), Tem abuse ero BaRHAHOCTb, HO oftemrecra Talon 6onblue, H TecT meHee 3KoHossiveH.

Hxwe paccmoTpeHm TaKHe noKa3a.renH 3KOHOMMHOCTH RAT, Kai< npH6-JIH3HTCJIbH0e spew, 3aTpatsisaemoe Ha COCTUTIeHite ero 3asaHHil H Ha apo-seseHHe pa3Hmx JIAT, KonHvecTso 3asa1sii (061sem) aaT, cpep,Hee spew',3aTpavssaemoe Ha BbITIOTIHeHHe 0,11,HOTHIMMX 3asaHHil KoHKpeTHoro THna,cpentiss ,ITAHHa 3aLkaHHri B cnosax H npH6nH3HrenbHoe spems, yxon,sulee HanposepKy 3arkaHHil RAT. Tam naHHme CTIOCO6CTByl0T KoHxpem3au,HH 31a-nos pa3pa6orKH TeCTOB H oco6eHmo 3rana unaimposamis Kai( cocrasneHms,TaK H oftema camoro AUT.

flpH6nH3HrenbHoe apemn, 3aTpatsumemoe Ha cocrasneHme 3asaHHil JI,L(T,3aBHCHT OT onmTa cocrasHrenek, THria 3asamet, MeTOAHKH pa6oTbl H Ha411434Hnogxostiumx BcnomorarenbHmx marepHanos TeKCTOB, HHOH3bigHbIX 3H-

ummone11sii, cnosapeii, noco6Hil. B cnyvae noHcKa B opHrHHanbHoR nwrepa-Type reKcra-cmmyna MHKpOKOHTeKCTHbIX 33,13AHH11, KaK, HanpHmep, 6mno

cnyvae Tecros cepHH ATY, Ha onmo 3aRaHHe Tpe6osanocb ns3 ssyx vacon. Bcnyvae noHcKa TeKCTa 3asansii B OTe4eCTBeHHbIX yve6HHKax H noc06H5Ix HaIDAHO 3aTtaHlie (no onbrry pa6oTbr c recramH cepHH 14TA) noipe6osanocb0,75-1,5 vaca, a s cnyvae HanHcams TeKcra 3asanon canumH cocTasHrensmH

recTax no rpammaTHKe vacTo nocrynalor HMEHHO Talc) 0,5-1 vac HaosHo 3asame. Bpemn, Heo6xongmoe iJIli COCTaBileHHH 3 4 xstcrpaKToposB cnyvae Bb160p0411b1X OTBeTOB, TaK)Ke 3aBHCHT OT 1311b1Ta cocrasHrenek HMeTOP,HKH pa6orbi (Humum)iyanbHas, rprinosan Will cmewaHHas). B cpes-Hem Ha COCTaBileHHe nHcrpaKTopon mower noTpe6osarbcs OT 20 MHHyT

42

jo ongoro qaca Ha onHo 33/lame, Koropoe cnewer npH6asHrb so apemeHs

Ha cocrasnenHe (noscx) reKera 3ana1nd4.Bpema Ha nposeneHse (sbnionHense) CTaliAapTH3OBaHHbIX recroB

061,igHo orpalusieHo (cm. ra6n. 9). B cnyqae recros cepHs I4TA sapHavon

so spemeRH npenrecra 11TA-82 6bina secbma 6onbinas, a icoppenminsmemcny spemeHem Bb111011HeHHH H pe3ynbrarom recra He npesbnnana serums-

0,4-0,5 y ornenbHMX By30B, 1103TOMy B OKOHtlaTeabHOM BaNatrreIATA-84 spemn BbIROJIHeliHfl Tem He 4MKCHp0BaHO. OrpaHmeHse spemenH,

OrWalCO, WellaTeHbH0 C,HejlaTb By3aM 110J1b30BaTe5151M 3TOTO recra B 3aBH-

CHMOCTH 01 CB014X ycnosHil.CornacHo AaHHLIM raönnsbI 9 spemn Ha nposeneHHe craHnapnoosaHHbix

TeCTOB Kone6neTcx OT 240 r.(c) 75 msHy! (14TA-84) i 3aBHC14MOCTH OT 061-

eMa (KOHH4eCTBa 3aHallHii) , a TaK)Ke OT TpyilHOCTH 3anaHHii recra, xapalcrepa06beKTOB TeCT14p0BaHHH H alma 3anaHHii. Flo cpasHemuo c yica3aHHalms 41ax-

r0pams Ha spema sbanonHeHHH recta HeCKOJIbK0 melibme BIIHRIOT KatleCTBO

H 0TBIleKa1011111X OTBeTOB, yeTaIlOBKa 14 OTHOIIICHHe TeCTIfpyeMbIX

IC TeCTy H er0 sblnonHemo, o6ulaH nclixonormectcan armoccpepa nps npose-ACHHE TeCTa (BaACHOCTb pe3ribTaTOB TeCia, OrpaHHtleHHOCTI) BO spememi,

npH6nH)cenHe nepepann H gp.) . BpemR, orsonsmoe Ha TM'. MOWHO C3K0H0-

MHT13 HyTeM OrITHMH3aHHH ero oftema noseHetisH xonwiecrsa 3analmii nocpopmyne Cnspmena-BpayHa (cm. pa3nen o HagewHocrs recros) no 3anan-HOTO ypOBHJI. t1,iin 3T0F0 Hy)KHO flp0BeeTH 011p060BaHHe npegrecTa.

Tadrtutp 91110K232Tenif KageCT732 3KOH0MMHOCTM itercoropux CraftgapTH343112HHbIX TCCTOB

Komi-4CCTBO

floica3aTenH xagecTsa 3HOHOMHtIHOCTI

TecT x ero gacTx TecTH-

pyc-cpeguaX

Tpyg-

COHOCTaBH-

TeniaaxHap,eac-

HOCTb

KOHHire-

CTBO 3a-BpCMA

MbIX HOCTb % Han MalOCTb Awing

T03011 CHIA /43/(1981)

100 000xaw.abal

rog

50,1 0,87-0,89 0,94 150 120

Ayg.xposafixe 51,5 0,88 50 40

rpammaTaxa H IIHCbM0 48,6 0.84 40 25

LITexmc14.11excxxa 49,4 0,89 60 55

CJIEll CIIIA /441 6000 74 0,57 0,96 150 85

(1980)1. Aymiponamie 90 _ 0,89 25 _

2. ,EIHKTBHT 89 0,74 20

3. 110SICHeHHC K3pTEd 85 0,81 12I IV

4. CnywaliHe 6ecexp 78 0,71 28 40

5. LITCHHC (KapTHHKH) 74 0.72 1243

a

17pooarixemue

Tecr x ero yam

KOHH-gecrsorecim-pye-

MIAS(

IIoxa3arenx xavec-rxa 3HOHOMINHOCTI.

cpenxxxTOW.-

HOCTI, %

conomaxx-reramax

BaHHAHOCTE

ita,new-HO

xonx4e-CTBO 3a-garunt

xpemx,MHH.

6. ConocrasnermeKapTHHI(H) 68 - 0,84 15 -

7. Knoy3-Tecr no TMB 62 - 0,89 40V-VII

8. thextie 48 - 0,69 8 45-aEJITA - WI' /45/(1977) 0,51-0,60 240 2401-3.11excxxa 153 58 - 0,79 55 -4-6. 1-pastmaTxxa 153 57-72 - 0,45- 55 -

-0,807. ,ICIAx-rarr 227 7 0 - - 50 -8. Cm-rraxcnc 127 45 0,70 209. KnOy3-TeCT 127 79 0,68 30 -10. Ilepexon npen.no-

xtexxn 127 5( - 0,67 30 -IDA fOHECK0 (1972) 8049 169 160Aygnpoxanxe n29/ 46,1 0,81 0,75 36 30'PrexHe 43,0 0,82 0,77 60 60"[exotica 25,7 - 0,56 16rpammatxxa 50,0 - 0,81 8 -qTeHHe

(CO4HHeHHe)51,7 -

0,82-0,860,820,75

3631 40

foxopenxe 311 0,73 0,79 42 30

HTA-83, 1 yp. (115) 3249 64,4 0,81-0,89 0,87- 135 82CCCP, TeCT By3OBCK0-ro xcxonnoro ypomix,akirnlifICKH11 Midi<

-0,90

J1exexxa 62,2 0,81 0,89 50rpammarxxa 62,8 0,61 0,84 25gretute 56,0 0,50 0,74 10}010y3-recr 65,0 0,79 0,84 50

HTA-83, II yp. [1151 4127 54,3 0,74-0,86 0,85- 135 91na marepitane VI-V111xnaccoe

-0,89

11exemo. 62.4 0,70 0,87 50rpammanixa 55,7 0,64 0,83 25theime 67,0 0,40 0,70 10KflOy3-TeCT 55..0 0,76 0,81 50

ATY-86 [1161. CCCP,Tea YCHell11IOCTH IIxypcaIlexclum 2107 50,3 0,88 72Knoy3-recr 1590 51.3 - 0,86 50

444 6

Hpodatocemue

TecT if ero vacTn

KOISH- Iloxa3aTenn KavecTsa 3KOH0MHHH0CTI.

HeCTHO

TeCTH-

pye-!MAX

cpen,nsia

Tpya-HOCTIa%

conocTasx-Tenbnag

BaHHAHOCTb

na,new-

HOCIT1

KOHHHe-

CTI30 3a-

naindlMM.

FpaNiniarkma 1120 48,4 0,89 27

CranaapTioosatunalTeCT no rpammanweArm II Kypca /105/ npHmepno

(1976) 560 54,0 0,68 0,75 25 30

Hannonanwuran TeCT

anrnniicKoro H3LIKa

61,2 100 105

Awl IHECACKH)( FHMHH-

31111 (1985) 3400

jlexcHKa 54,0 0,78 18 351

Knoy3-Tecr co CKO

themie (AnntiHblit

61,4 0,90 35

TeKeT) 71,7 0,67 12

LITCHHe (Kopoixidi35

TeKCT) 56,7 0,73 10

JlexcHKo-rpanumant-tiecKHrt TeCT 58,6 0,74 14 351

Aynnponatilie 70,6 0,53 11

3aHHc1mocTb HpemertH Bb111011HOHHH Tecra OT KORlitleCTBa 3agaHHil1 Timpa-

HcaercH 4epe3 cpewiee spew', 3aTpasHaaemoe Ha B1,1110.OHeH1 e ankamilOAHOr0 THIla. flocnemiee paccmorpello HeCKORbK0 HmKe. 3aHHcHmccrb Hpe me-

HH Tec Ta OT TI3JraliOCTH 3ap,aHHA M0)KI10 BbIpa3HTb qepea COOT-BeTCTBytOLLIIIii K0344HWICHT icoppenxwm, KOTOpb11-1 HpH KORWICCTIle 3aHa-

mat nopswca 30-40 H 6onee RTIH Meuee OIITHMaIlbH0k TpyasocTH Tec TaHmeeT nopsmox 0,20, T.e. cramcmecKH HeaHaqHmym HenHtHiny (cm. ra 6n.10). OTutaxo HpH yHenwieHHH oftema Tec Ta jio 6onee 60-80 aaAaHlui c aToil

3aBHCHMOCTbIO cnegyer CLIHTaTbC51, TaK KaK &Mee CHJIbHbIe TecTHpyemwe

3aicangHHatur TecT 6biclpee, H MOROI() spemsi Ha BbIllORHCHIIC Tec Ta orpa-

H114I1ib. KaK SHAW 113 Ta6IIHIAM 10, y TecTOB mna Knoya Hmee TcH 6onee OT-

IIOTIIHBaR CBR3b MC)Kly BNMCHCM H pe3ynbTaTamH TecTa.

KonHtlecTEw aaHaHHA recta onpe,HensfercH o6bitmo 0306pa)KCHHIIMHlIaXIOKHOCTH Tec Ta, a o6altifi oftem KomnnetccHoro TecTa 33.BHCHT etue OT

HC06X0RIIM0CTII BK.TIIORCHHR B TCCT MHO/KCCTBa OfteKTOB TOCTHp0BaHlif1 .45

4 7

.4111

Tadau4a 103Kcrtepumeatanbm.le Aartabte 06 3KOHOMIINHOCTH pa3HblX TIMOR aapolioni

CpenHee Hpenim KoaclximumeHT

HoppenBaHH:TpygoocrL Tema -

apemsi Ha eroBhmorlifeHHC

THU aa.HaHHil RATHa BblHORHeHHC 1, aa-

gaHHH, rynni./aan.

Ha nposeptcy1 aananHa,

CCK./OTB.

L lineKoHTeHcnibienCKCH4CCICHe aana-HHA

1. TlepeHon CHOB noOW (cao6onHoHourrpympyemmnOTBCT) 0,2-0,4 3-6 0,28-0,30

2. ConocrameuHeCHHCKOB C110B pop.-

HOF() 513b1Ka 1451

no TM B (TexHHKC

MHO)KCCTBCHHOTO

BbI6Opa) 0,3-0,6 1-2 0,19-0,233. rpynnHp0HK1f HO

TMB 0,4-0,5 1-2 0.20-0,22

11. MuKpOKOHTCKemble

aanaHHH

4. 3arsepweHHe no TM B 0,5-0,8 1-2 0.18-0.205. CHHOHHINbl HIM na-

pacppaaa no TMB 0,6-0,9 1-2 0,11-0,18

111. MaKpokconreHcr-

nbie unarms;6. tiTCH14C, OTBCTbI Ha

Honpocm no TM B 0,8-1,2 1-2 0.11- 0,157. Teel nina Knoya no

IBM 0,4-0,8 1-2 0,3- 0,48. Tecr num Knoya CO

CKO 0,3-0,7 3-6 0,4-0,69. C-TCC1 H B-TCCT 0,2-0,4 3-6 -10. FH6HHA B-TCCT 0,3-0,5 3-6 -11 . Aynsporsanne, 01-

Bahl Ha Honpock,IHO TM B 0,6-0,9 1-2 -

12. A yi,u4oKnoya no

TM B 0,2-0,4 1-2 -46

Hpodonxenue

Tan 3aAamat flJT

CpeTatee Bpems KoacpcInfunenT

noppenauHn:TPYP.HOCTb TeCT3

1113eMa Ha ero

BamonHefine

na nmnonHenne 1 aa-,nailitfl, Mimpap,.

iia nposepxy1 3aaa1inn,cek./ore.

13. A yaxotoloya coCKO

14. aHKT311T (100cnoB), qTelrne

rpH>4(11.61

15. IinchnieHrma nepe-BOA Tenera CO 010-BapCM

0,15-0,3

4-6 MI4}I-

20-30 neg.3H./MHIL

3-6

10-20C.,1013/MHH.

100 -200 Heti.311./Nnui. 0.2-0,5

113 a11HbIx ra6nHum 9 cne,ayer, crro maKcHmanbHhIll oftem craligaprino-BaHlibIX TeCTOB cocraunHer 130-160 3auanHil. 13 COCTaBe 1COMI1J1e1CCIlblX

TeCTOB maKcHmanbHble oftembl qacreil SICKCHICH COCTaBn MOT 40-60 34taHHil,no rpammanuce 25-40 3ap,annfi, no vreHmo 20-30 3au,aHHii H cronwo>Ke no aymtposainno. Ho ,BaHHbiM P. TeCumpa H R. Onnepa rvulaiturero061,CM KJ10y3-TeCTOB nepuonagmbHo cocraunsui lie Melee 50 3am:u1H-I, HO

baxmati [87] npegnonaraer, tiro npH Bu16opotmom merom COCTaBBeiffin3agaHHO-nponycKon B reKcre m0>K110 orpaluuntricH 30-40 3aRaHHursat 6e3

yw.ep6a liage>KHocm raKoro Knoy3-recra.Cpeitnee BpeMSI Ha BbliOnHeHHe OAHOTHIlliblX 3anannii .RaT 3aBHCHT

OT Tana, WIHHbl H TpyB,HOCTH 3agamu4, OT xapacrepa oraneKaiounix H OTApyritx cpaxropos. Bpcmu Ha npouepgilHe rem, yKa3annoe B HliCTPYKL1,MIX

K recram, o6bilnio 3anterHo ublwe peantmoro cpenHero BpeMellH Ila B1,111051-

Benne recra. B cnytiae recrou Ha tireHme H aympouanHe BpeMII Ha LITelitie

H cnytuatme TeNCTa BX011,11T B flHBCCHuLblC 3Hatieutth remna pa6orbl. B 3111X

cnrianx f1p1161111>KelliblMH pactierHhimH 3Hav-1t42rsAH mown() npularb1 MHILI3au. gnu tiTelikin, 0,8 Nutn./3ag. TIOn ayuxpouaintu H 0,6--0,7 MHH./3aA.

T1,11f1 neKCHIleCKHX H rpammarmecKm 3ap,aHHii C BM60p0411b1MH mut-awl

(TMB).CpeAlma HpHHa 3aital1di B cnouax 6c3 }Nen nponycKa B 3auanHnx ntna

3auepuiemin npHaen,eHa a Ta6mme 11. oncyrin [main), tiro 3TO cpennee 3na-

tICIIHe rano 3aBliCHT OT 0613eKTOB Tecrnpoaami. ,acno B TOM, LITO BapHail,HYI

B npegenax onnoro recta Hecbma neruma 6blualor 3auaHHH TJAHHoii u 3- 4

cnoua H 15 20 CJ1013 iia 0,11,110 11pCH,HOWellHe. BapHautin cpep.Hei-i ,11,11HHbi OT

Tem K tecry IleeKOBbK0 MelibIlle: OT 6,6 CHOB B TeCTe 11 3A [129] no 14,0B MHI-IHrancKom TeCTe [163] B cnyae TeCTOB no rparvimarHKe H OT 6,8 CTIOB

(113A ) AO 12,3 B TCCTC TO3(1).11 [161] B cnynae TeCTOB 110 fleKCHKe. RuHila

3arkainiii 3aBHCHT Or ypounn 110/1l'OTOBKII KoHnuIrenra Tcolipyammx, 1(010-

4 947

Taevunta I ICpexpute ilamime 06 3KOHOMINHOCTH 3apy6exclibtx H OTC.IeCTBeHMAX. TeCTOB

11oRa3aTernt AyLtHpo-

BaHHe

Knoy3-TecT

ilrenHe IletccHtca Fpap.miaTm

oTege-

crBeH-

HaA

3apy-6e)x-

Haft

oretre-CTBCH-

Has!

3apy-6C)K-

Has'

OTCAC-

CTBCH-

Ham

3apy

6exc

Hasi

06mee Konmec-rHonpoaHanimpoaamiblx3agaHHA 165 1247 118 6. 746 330 1014 176

D6wee xortHileCTHO

npoaHanH3HpoHaimblx

TeRCTOB 55 29 30 16

CpcH.Hee KonlVieCTBOTCKCTOB B =Hogcpopryte 4 1 3 4

Konmecreo 3a,Hani41Ha 1 Texci 3 43 4-5 5

CpeaHHA OCTE.CM TCK-

c-ra (ne4. 3H.) 645 2000 670 640

Cpewniii 36-bem -MK-cra (Heq. 3H.) Ha 13aBaline 215 47 145 128

Cpelvoisi =aim 3a,Ha-MIA H cric.Hax 9,5 9.0 9,7 10,2 8,0 9.4 9,0 10,

Cpciwee spew! Ha 13aHAHHe 0,75

11 ccH.Ha OTBCT

0,8 0,9 0,65 0,8 0,70 0,

0

pl3IM npeaHaaHattcH TOT HRH HI10171 TCCT. CpCHHHH amnia aagalluil loner ao-BOabH0 BbICOKyk0 Koppennuyno co apenieHem Ha HX BbIHOMICHHe: KOXIXPH-H,HCHT 0,69 Ana 23 TCCTOB (Cpep,HHH lumina cpegHee apenai). Koppenaumcpemeii Arum! aagainal c Tp),AHOCTIal0 3apAHHil Hmena nopa,Rox 0,25-0,39 Bcuriae TCCTOB CCpHH I4TA. Jho6onbrmo, WO, LICM HHHHHCC 3a,HaH1C HO rparo-marHxe, rem ono merge, a a cap.= nexcHtrecrotx aaaamai Hao6opor. 3r048 50

cHrHan 0 TOM, 'ITO cpen,HHH Amnia 6,0-6,8 mos B TecTe 14TA-84 (I IIypoHHH) cninutcom Nona. 110X0)Ke, qT0 npHHegeHHoe s Ta6nHae 11 cpengee

3Hageme 9 ± 1 MOHO H SIBJIHeTCH OTITHMalThHbIM C TOYKH 3peHHa CO3B,aHHH

B TeCTOBbIX 3anaHHax AOCTaTOYHO 4km:sari-foil TIHHrBHCIWIeCK0171 H aKeTpa-

HHHIBHCTINeCK0f1 cHTyawm.BpetAH Ha nposepicy 3analnul co CK0 3a4)IuccHposaHo B ycnormsoc, }cor-

m HapHaHTbt OTBCTOB TeCTHpyeMOTO COHOCTaBHHIOT C npasHnbHmmli OTBeTa-

MH Ha Tpacpapere, KoTopbni nomeweH Kai< mowHo &rime, nynate cneaa,KOHOHKe nopagKoHblx Homepos Ha )114CTe OTBCTOB. BperAH Ha Hp0BepKy

3agaffilii no TMB 3a1:13HKcHposaHo npH npoRepIce c nomouwo Tpacf)apeTa c

oxHarvni Ha mecTax npamulbHba omeros. 06bi4Ho Tpa4:laper oKpamen,mecTa ripaHarmumx omens coegmeHm wHpHoil nHHHeil gnsf Hanpaanemarumwelam rna3 npli nposeptce.

4. ICPATKAJI 14CTOP1431 PA3BI4THAJIHMORKLIAKTINECICOF0 TECTIIPOBAHIN

4.1. PA3BHTHE TECTHPOBAHHA 3A PYBENCOM

BBeiteme. 03HaKom1elute c HcropHect pa313HTHR M5JT no3Honner nynueHOHHTb ero HMHelline COCTOHHHe H nepcneKumbi Ha 6ygyulee. OHO Rona-

mulaer. nro cyulecTspoT gocTaTotmo nericHe nepHogm H HanpaHneHm, Kum-

pme cHn3anhl c pa3BHTHeM TeOpH.H H npaKTHKH negarorHICH, ncHxonorHH,

HHHTBHCTHKH H MeTOP:HKH HpellOgaBaHHH WI, a Taxace C OCO6CHHOCTAMH pan-

nkintrbIX crpan R perHonos B o6nacTH o6pa3oaaHHA H couHanbno-3KoHommec-

KOTO CTp0HaCTOHIHHCI 0630p OCHOBbIBaeTCH Ha MaTepHaHax 6pounopta Uary-

gotta [77] , moHorpackHH Panonopra H gp. [62] , rooHorpatImm II. By-

6eHHKoHot1 H p. [91] , a mnwe craiefi A. 41,ecnatHca [103, 104] , B. Yalu.-

coHa [168] It ,DI,mc. KnapKa [99] B 6onbiEHHcTHe 113 yica3aimbix }mime

moHorpaclaHil He npkwegeHo, Kpome Toro, gocTaTotwo HOHHOTO TeopeTwiec-

Koro 060CHOBaHHH 11CHOBb3yEMOF0 B MIX nogxona K cocTaHneinuo 315(T, T.e.

otilt HmeioT ocopee xapaicTep cnpaHonfiblx noco6Hil no npaKnwe H Textuoce

recmporialilin.llepHopynawia. nCpBble H3bIKOBbIe TeCT131 (B COBI:XMCHHOM HOHHMaHHH)

COCTaBBFLHHCb B 1925 r. H C111A H Ka Hage. Ogna Ko J1,11T go cMx nop TeopeTH-

qeCKH H npalawleacif Tec Ho cen3aribl c negarormeocHmx H ncxxonormec-KHMH TecTarvix, 1103TO My uenecoo6pa3Ho KOpOTKO paCCMOTpeTb HCTOpHIO

1B ocnosnmx monorpactuoix no nu, nanpsmep, Taxxx awropos, Km( P. nano

[127), P. Banene [165; 166), Xappsc 11161, A.11efiSPIC [104], ,Elx. KnapK [981,

,11. )(non [118; 119), a Ames [84), B. Keppon [93; 95], A. rappncon 1117),

X. Maxceen [1321, M. (Ininotocnapo, C. Owo [108] n s apyrsx tie npssesteno63op pami-

THR 11,BT.

5149

MEM*

Angaimmecxoro Komponn H ncHxonorimec(xx Tec Tos go 1925 r. LIMN 3Tor0MO:KHO Baum{ cnegyfmgge nepHogm pa3sgrgn recmposalms:

1) AOTeCTOBbIli nepxog allaaKTHtleCKOTO KOHTpOJISI. 3TOT nepHog Halm-Hama nplimepHo s 2200 r. go H3. B Kwrae ssegeHHem perynnplibix npose-pox-3K3ameHos 3HaHliti H ymem414 LIIIHOBHHKOH. (1). atO6ya [105] Ha3bmaeT3TH 3K3amettbi TecTamn, 4TO 0,11, liaK0 spng JIH MCOKHO CLHITaTb npasimbHmm.B 1115 r. HO H.3. B Kline 6bUla 13Flegella cxcrema 3K3ameHos, nposepsnoumxHasbna4 s IIHCbMC, apHcpmenoce, my3bixe II gpyrxx npegmeTax Ann KangH-Amos, wenaioumx HOJIWIHTb agmliHgcTpamsHyD3 gon)KHOCM B rocannapaTe.

CHCTeMa 3K3aMeHOB, ssegennas B KHTae B 1370 r., 6mna Tpexcrynenua-TOR : Ha nepoii CTyfleITH nposepsmacb Kannxrpaclms, Ha wroport (yportemb npo-skuni.HH) 3K3ameH ninincs 3 Wig H oP.Hy tiacm 3K3ameHa coligneHne ne-pe1111Cb113anH Knepxx grin HCKJI10,1CHHH xanngrpaclmii H Cy6beKTHB-HOCTH CTOIIHt1HbIX 3x3ameHaTopos. Yt(a3aHHylo CHCTeMy OTMCHHHII TOJIbK0 B1905 T. nocne ssegems HOBOil CHCTeMbI o6pa3oBaRun. Ee 110.110)KIITeHbHbIMHger) Tana HBJIJUIHCb OTHOCHTeMbHan o6bercnisHocTb 011eHKH, OTKpbITIHe Hpastime ycnosga WIA scex KaHmtgaTos, a Tatcxce yCTOHLIHBOCTb, nposepeHHasspemeHem. Hegocrancamn SIBIIHRHCb y3Kas couxanbHan 6a3a (He sce mornngecancamx neT 3aHHmarbcsi HOTITOTOBKOil K 3}c3ameHy), 6onbrnan Herpamor-HOU!, Hacenenna, OTCyTCTBHe KOHTaKTOB C gpyrnmH IcynyrypamH.

cepegmim XIX Berca Angaicrirmect<Hii KOHTgOnb B 1114,1 ocyatecrs-1151.11Ca B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT nplumeHnemoil MCTOJIHKH 111451, B OCHOBHOM nyrem

IIHCbMeffliblx nepesogoa ruin colgtheHmi, 1111Orga H nyTem ymoro onpoca.2) Ilep Hog 3apowgenifs negaronmecxxx H Haixonorimemcsx Teems

(c 1864 r. no npnmepHo 1890 r.). B 1864 r. aHrnmamni (14nnep cocTa-H onpo6oBa3i nepsbre negaronlvecxxe TeCTb1 [77] , HO ero HACH ocranmcb

Ira ,EICCHTHIIeTHH HUICHOJI1330BaHHb1MH. TonbK0 6ypHoe pa3BHTHe KaIIHTa11143-ma BO wropoti nonostme XIX serca H CLISI3aHHOe C 3THM ycicopenne pa3BHTHRHay Kn H c5pa3osaugn HOTHIiyHH 3a CO60.11 pa3BHTHe ncgxonormi, JUIHrBil-CTHKH H Hamancn nepprog pectlopmm B MeTOHJIKe 11145!. Oaf laKO HH HaTypanb-liblfi H ripnMoH, 1111 K0m6}mnposaimme merogbI TOR) neptioga He HCII0J11330-Bairn no 1101I5TTHbIM I1pH4MHaM num. Hyxwa 6bma cooTseTcrsylowas rICHX0-meTpiviecKan reopns.

3) Ilepviog npenmyulecTseHnoro pa3IIIITHA IICHX0HOTHHeCKHX TeCTOB.B 1890 r. )1w. Kerns' [96] , ameplocamicnct nmixonor, ssen immune «TecT»KaK cnoco6 ncxxonormecxxx 3KCIlepHMeHTOB. B 1894 r. WK. Pafic cocTasnnnegarormecKne Tem! Ann onpegenennn crenem4 apopmnposaHHocrg pa3-11144HbIX HashIKOB [77] .

Bonmnoe 3HageHge Ann Oa3BHT1451 flegarOrlitleCh14X H IICHX0HOTIOleCKHXTeCTOB HMCJIH HCCYlegOBaHHH TOpilHariKa H nagannan B 1904 r. ero Kirgra«Bsegemie B TCOTHHO ncmonorimecxxx COLLHaIlbHbIX H3MCpCHHHD. flog eropyKOBOACTBOM B I90 r. 6bIn COCTanneli nepablii craligapTinosaimmii nega-COMPICCKIA TeCT [1] . C cro HMeHeM CBSI3b1BalOT TaK)Ke HanpaBHCIIHe H3Mepe-unn yposns ymcrseHnoro paamms [162] . no ero nepnoginaggn c 1915 r.no 1930 r. 11p0H30111eJI 6ym pa3B14714H HCHX0110Il4tleCKHX TeCTOB H nuptial-ilaCb pa6oTa Hag coaganmem TICHX0MeTpWleCK01,1 Te OpHH [1] .50 52

143-3a allbTepHaTHBHbIX BO3MOWHOCTeR, KoHcepnamama H 6011bIlleci

conHanbHOin OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH nenarorwreCKHe Tecrbi no cnoeft pa3pa-

6DraHHOCTII CTaJ114 oTcTanarb OT ncHxonormematx TeCTOB. 1103TOMy BTOpOR

nepHon yCnos110 Haaaan IlepHoLtom nomHHHponalmn nanxonorlitleCKHXreCTOB.

4) Haganbumil nepHoH staT (c 1925 r. no ripmsneplio 1955 r.). B crtoecinepHon.HaarmH flaT B. C110.1113CKII [1531 Haasan 310T HepHOTI LIOHayglibIM 110

TOR npritme, LiTO HegocraTotnioe BHHMaHHe ynenanocb Kw-ICC Tay TecTon,oco6enno HX HanHnHocTH H HaHewHocian. flepribdi TeCT 110 Ha cocramnnB 1925 r. E. Bra. Ero TeCTbI HC11011b30BaHHCb Ila BbIrlyCKlIblx aKaamenax

Hbte-ii0pKCKI4X 1.11K031.

recrbi HMe.1114 B CBOCM cocTane qacm neKCHKI4, rpamsnaTHKH H

11401 Ha rkpaHuyacKom H HcnaHcKom nabucax. Ba)Knoil nexoil B pa3BHTHH 51,11T

6bma KHHra B. XemsnoHa [120] , nominmennan nccnenonamuns4 c 1924 no1927 r. ArnepkKa11mans4 H KaHancKHrsn KorvunTeTanm no Harlem() coupemell-Hbrx H3b1KOB (modern languages). B aroir Klunre HaTIO)KeHbl race saxonernume11p111111,1111b1 cocTannelunn, nponenelma H o6pa6onol peay.nbTaTort 11,EtT, KOTO-

pme gerICTI311TeBbHb1 H B Hacromee npers.m. Hpintsnepno B 3TO we npervin

HOSIBRMOTCA nepnble pa6oTbi HO pa3pa6orKe npornocrwrecKxx TecTon(TCCTOB .11HHrBHcrwiecicitx cnoco6Hocrein).

5) CrpyKrypHo-ncrocomerpmecrarin nepHoR (c 1955 r. no npHmepHo1970 r.) . TaKoe }m3i:1mm aTomy nepHony 6bulo Hano B. CnonbcKmo[153] 113-3a Toro, LITO WIA cocraHnerum TecTon HC110.11b30BaSICH cTpyKTypHbifi

nonxon B I1HHFBMCTIIKC H ):10CT14)KeHH51 RCHX0MerpHt1eCKOR TeOpHH.MAT npenbinyurero nepHona HenocTaTotmo rarrbinano nocrmKermn

HH11113HCTI4KH 14 meTopoxx 111451, reerbl paapa6aTbusanHcb110 npHrinepy HCHX0-

norwiecxxx TeCTOB. 3rOT HeHOCTaTOK HOCTelle11110 npeononenancyl nocneBropoin Nurponorn BORHM C nonrinemrem aynkrornurrnanbnoro H 1103>Ke ayp,140-BH3yallb110r0 MeTOHOB. CTpyKTypli011C14X0MeTPH1eC1Hil IlepHOH 11aL114liaeTC51

B 1956 r. C BbIXOHOM B CBer KH141- (D. H 3.11.10HHeROB [148] H rep6epHxa

[111] , B KOTOpINIX pa3pa6aTb1Ba/OTC5l Bee, Ba)401611.1.114e TeOpeTWIeCKHe H

npaKTHIrecKHe nonpocm RAT. B itagane aToro nepriorka 6bu1 cocranneH recT

cnoco6Hocrein ,11)*(. Keppona (MLAT) [94] . ()mimeo, 4oyHAaMeIlTallb11b1m

Tpynorsn cnenyer C,114TaTb moHorpaclmno P. Rano [127] . P. Ham Hocomm 113Tecnoro /33aHMOgeRCTB1414 06ple/41134 H TeCTHp0BaH1431, npemaran BK.THOtlarb

B TeCT re 3.11eMeHTb1 H3bIKa, KoTopme no KoHTpacTasHomy anarmay FIBTIHIOTCH

TpymibIbun Ann o6rratomxcn. OH CHIITarf, vio 311aHlle 3THX rpyr(HOCTeR, yMe-

H14e HX I1pe0)1011eTb Haer BO3MOWHOCTb 143yLIHT13 SI3b1K Keppon pice B1961 r. Ha3Ban aTOr 110,11,X00, AHCKpeTHb1M, TaK KaK HM B OCHOBHOM npexmo-naranocb TecrHponam B onHom npenno)Kelum-aanaHHH waxy npo6nemy(TpynnocTb). XOTH B OTHOWCH1414 EITCHHH H aynkiponaHHH nonxop,P. lino He6bui cyry6o AHCKperHbIM, MI10114e CHOCO6b114 npHernm reCT14p0BaliHH P. HamI1p14MeHHMIII H CeritlaC B 3131,11COBbIX reCrax. 110H0)104reHblIbIM B er0 pa60TaX

6bM0 TO, WO OH 110)1101.11 Ha norpfaryro BbICOTy pa3pa60TaHHOCTb H H3yHHOCT1

TeCla H TeX1114101 reCTHp013a11HH, a raK)KC TpC60BaHHII HOCraTOHH011

HOUK 14 Ba1114H,HOCTH 11,11T.

5351

Bnasurrie nonoweirml, 143nowettubtx B moHorpacimil P. Jlago, HCflbITbl-BamT npaxmLiecKH Hee aSTOpbr moHorpaclmoi HO TIAT B11110Tb AO 1980 r.

B 3TOT nepHog 6buni cocranneHbl H3BeCTHbIe H HC1101Ib3yeMbIe /21,0 CHXnop crangaprH3onamme ream mna TOEFL (Test of English as a ForeignLanguage), MHiiiiraHcicHfi recr H gp. ri CHIA, EPTB (English Proficiency TestBattery) H ELBA (English Language Battery) a AHrnmi H gp. [165] . B CHIA6bura coniaaa cneigranbHaa Cny)K6a negarorwiecxoro recrirponaimn (ETS),pa6oraHnuasi Ha Kombreptrecicoli ()arose, wisi pa3pa6orxir H nponegen:Hri craH-gapTH30Ballfiba recron ulna T03011, xoropble ripogenbmaior icaNcgmil rogCOTHH TbICH4 HHOCTpaHlibIX KaH)THAaTOB BAH nocrynneHHH B By 3bI CHIA.

6) Coupe:mem-n:4R nepHog, icoropbril B. CHonbciai Ha3BaJI naixonmir-BliCTlitleCKH-0011,1103111HTBHCTIMCKIIM 143-3a TOM, 410 B KOHLIe 60-x TOMBC011,HOJIIIHTBHCTLI o6parium BHHMakille merogocrou Ha TO, 410 06rielnieH ream na KHOCTpaHHOM H3bIKe He COOTBeTC113y1OT peanbHb1s4 )1043HeHHIAMCHTyallAHM C I4X BO3MONCHIAMH COUHOTIHIWBHCI-WieCKHMH HapHaminMH.06o6wa11, npegbrgyuridi nepHon, Haman aliamorwieciaim, a coupe-meimbnl cmirermeacum. B 11141111311CTHICe, Hanpoblep, M. X0MCK0 H gp.cgenarm ouni6xy, orgenim grin ynporgeinia rpabimarmcy OT cemairrmat,a aarem, nanpHbiep, Karu, CDOT(Op H gp. conepunum aHanonituryio c1uti6icyB CeMaHTHKe, CtBITafi H3bIK CaMOCTOSITenbH0c1 CHCTeMal HHe petieHoil gag-renbHocni, 6e3 nparmarwiecicoro acnercra. B 70-e ropj )! bierogircrbr crpe-MKTIHCb HCI101Ib30BaTb CHHTeTH4eCKH171, nparmannco-KoMMyHHKaTHBlibainogxog.

A. admire npiniogor moicecnenyiouiee opal:mei-we npionaicoa gsyxyKa3aHHbIX nepoorion [103] :

C7pyrcrypno-ncuxamerputteocuanepuot)

1. aHaJ1MTIVIeCKH171 nogxog

2. glicxpembie 3aga1-ma3. opireHrHponaHHasi Ha Hopmbl

oriel-ma4. peuennumbie nimbi petreaoil gest-

TenblIOCTH

5. muirnHcrwrecican cliopma6. 11141-1rBHCTH4eCKaf1 KomnereHigui

7.1-10BepXHOCTHaH crpyKrypa (mHic-poicoHreiccr)

8. rnanHoe Hageaurocrbflo6aiiiim: 9. o6bexmanocrb

Ikuxo.auweucrugeocu-coimo-fzuKzeuCTLACCKIth nep1406

cHwrermecicHil noxixo,aHirrerpanbHbie 3aganiurOpHeHTHp0BaHHali Ha KpHTepId1

ogemcanpopyicrimHbre nimbi pegerioli gen-

renbHoCrifKOMMyHHKaTHBHall 4yHKLIT451

KOMMyliliKaTHBHaa KOMIleTeMI,HHrnythimian crpygrypa (maKpoKOH-

nicer)111213H0e BaJIH/I,HOCTb

ayTeHTH4HOCTb

B pa wax yroro nogxoga bimicHo Hbrgenirrb cnegylow,He HanpannemrsirecriapoHamisi, npwaegemibie B HCT0p144eCKOA HOCTIegOBaTenHOCTH:

a) PICH0111,30Balitie HHTerpaTHBI1b1X TeCTOB Ha ()Mae reopim (rpamma-mai) BepOHTHOCTHOTO npornomponainia (expectancy grammar), Horopyio52

5!

nperviowin r1c. Onnep-mnantullii [136; 137] B Hagane 70-x corm. 3T0TeCTIA THna Knoy3, BAKTaHT H Bp. B 3THX recTax Hcnonb3yercH TO 06CT0TI-

TeHEXTBO, qT0 o6bytHa1 t H3613ITOIIHOCTb itticliopmautiit B Texcre, COO6IlleHHH

H T.n., nocrxraioulaa oxono 50% Et aHrnHcicicom H3bIKe, ymenblueHa 3a ctiernponycxos B Texcre (Tecr nina KnOy3) HTIH 3a CLIeT "_pepbuilamil greinot

Texan B MIKTaHTe.6) Hanpanneinta remposainta, HbITa10111.14eCA coernnurrb aHanHnutec-

xiiii, CTpyKTypnbifi nonxon C HOBbIM KOMmyHMKaTHBHO-OpmarntposaH-

HbIM norixonom. HaIlpHMep, B 3KCIlepHMellTallbHbIX Hccitenonamsix Kommy-HHicarimnok icomnereHum, riporteneHHboc B 1972 r. C. Camibottom [145] ,A. Ilanbmepom [140] H X. KomoponcKoil [126] B 1979 r. H np., 6buntHcnonb3osanbi Te )Ke noica3arenH ;via KK, Koropme 6b1IIH npelitrio-

xceHbi B npenbinyutem nepHone Ansi Tema }rental petat, T.e. neKctuca,rpammarHica, 6ernocrb petal, npoH3HouteHHe, HOHHMaHlie H )3(1). K HHM

npit6anitaH TaicHe maw noxa3arenH, icatc xontmecrno H KatleCTBO Kommy-Haxantol, HOHHTJTHBOCTb, ymecrHocm (appropriateness) H p. B 1978 r.AMC. Kura( [97] H3,nar1 C6OpHHK CTaTC11 Hog Hantalitiem d1pnmoe recritpo-Balm Haabixon ronopemsi», nociainneHHbix 3THM HanpanneHmsim.

B) (DylIKIJ,H0HaRbH0-I1OINTHilHOe Hanpasneme, Koropoe 6bino npenno-Aceno BBB cocrannelmsi nporpamm o6ymeinta YHJIKHHCOM [170] Et 1976 r.,a Tatme pa6ogeil rpynnok Eaponeficxoro Cosera (cm., HanpHmep, Bait3K n rtp. [167] ). 3To nanpanneHme FICTIOBb3OBall B TecrHpopaHmir B. Keppon

B 1980 r. [95] . M. OHHOKK14ap0 [107] ctutraer, trro Kommytnixamumbie4))/HKIAHH MONCHO pa36Hrb Ha cnegyloutHe rpynnbi: nepcoHanbHble, mew-nligHOCTHMe, HanpannFuouute (HnnoxyruaHme aKibi y6eKnetutst, npocb6m)pectepeHnHanblible (cchinicH Ha npournoe, Hacrosnuee H 6ynyinee ):LefiCTBHH),

noo6paweint51 (COLIHHHTb paccxa3, crtixormopeHHe H np.). B COOTBCTCTBHH

C icommyHHKaTIIBH014 CHiyaugeri rinnoKyTHEtHbie alai)] cliopmHpylOTCH CflOMOIIII3/0 Tex HJIH HHbIX TIOHATHil (notions), T.e. BeKCHKH B coorsermayio-weft cliopme. LIAR cocranneHHH coorsercutyloinitx TeCTOB cnenyer cuminnposeCnt aHanH3 OCHOBHbIX, 0606IHeHlibIX 110Tpe6flocrerr TeCTHpyembly.

(abi6op cpernt H3yltemibix KOMMyHHKaTHBHbIX 4:yHifitHil) H pa3pa6orarbcoornermytotuyIe KNTepHaBbH),10 aucany.

r) rH6pHnHoe HanpasneHHe Temponanxn, npennoweHHoe A. OmarrHo

1983 r. [139] H onHcaHHoe Bxpartte Knapxom B ero o63ope [99] .Kax yKa3blaaer Ha3Bainte, 310 Hanpannemie Taxxce crpemkircsi cotierarbnonomorrenbuoe H3 crpyKrypHoro Hanpasnemi C HOBbIMH B3I11H1aMH Ha

H3bIK: orH6pHriubte TeCTbI KageCTBCHHO covet-mot. rpammamicy H KOHTCKCT,

CipyKTYpbI H cHryatunop. FlpittntHoil VICTI0Rb30BaH11H rx6plinnoro nonxonacnenyer ctntrarb Hemet-arm-vie pa3pa6oraHHocrb KaK TeOpHH Krn',4MyIM-KaTHBri0-opneHimposamion MeTOHAKH o6yveHnsi, TaK H TeopermecKH HaxcriepHmeHranbHo ripi<a3annoit ivtop,enH KK. 3To HanpanneHHe npHnonim-maer Ha rtormityio ablcory cpenti ripyritx KOMHOHCHTOB TeCTHp0BaHlIe 4111T-

BHCTH4eCKOCI TOLIHOCTH.BOTIbLII0e IMHHIllie oicanna }fa TeCTHp0BaHHe yenta pew B CHIA COOT-

BeraBylowax meroitHKa HHTCpBbIO, paapa6orannan pKe B ceperote 50-x5 3

5 5

C0/40B HHCTHTyTOM rinim CHIA (FS1). C HOMOIBMO CTaHgapTH3agHH npouepypnponeuema Hwrepamo H, rnaaHoe, ero oueHKH CTfl11 npHemnemmmx Ic034)-(PHI.U4eHrbl HarteacHocm (cra6nribHocru) peirrepon, ouemsal0111,11X OTBeTbIrecrupyembix (0,84-0,96). Illicana onema4 Gbina laxace naTHypoimenaa,Kaic 6bu10 yxaaaHo OuemmanHcb nexcinca, rpammarHica, axueHr(npomHouremie), 6ernocri) peall H nommarixe. B 1984 r. 3TH icomnoHeHrbi

6b151H 143MeHeHbI, H 011eHH133.51HCb nolumainie, BeKCHKATI1133B,45I (cemaHm-aecicHri acnexr), rpammammecKan roturocm, Sernocrb H uHcxypcHHHanKomnereHuyia.

u) KommyHHKarmaHoe HanpaaneHHe, npeucraaneHHoe MOACTIFI.MH M. K3-He.na H M. Caatilla [92] , a ralcace J1. Baxmana [87] . DTO Hanpasneinte ocHo-amaae-r ougHxy icommymucamaHoil kcomneTeHuoH Ha onpeueneHHH creneluipa3BHT0CTH KOMHOHCHTOB KK. K nomy Hanpannemlo OTHOCHTCH H BALKOH3-meHeiniblh nouxou, npHHATbIrl a 1982 r. ACTFL (AMel3HKaHCKHM COBeTOMnperiouaaareneil HHocrpammix ammon), Koropomy p,a11.0 Ha3BaHHe OpHeHTH-posainioe Ha o6wee anaueHHe 5l3b1KOM (proficiency-oriented) o6yaeHHe HrecTxposainic.

Oneinca o6Luero yporma anauemia H3bIKOM npoHaBou.-rca no 'Tem Komno-Hem-am KoNnsityHHicarHaHhie cl)ylucultH (functions), Tema-mica (topics, con-tent/context) H roaHocrb (npHemnemocrb, Kw-men:to H T04HOCTb Biapaacetuni).

XapaKrepubitynt H I10110)KHTeflbHbIMH aeprarsof aroro nepHorka 511337HIOTCHcrperAneHHe K 6031bLileil KOMMyHHKBTHBHOCTA B Tecniposamix, K 60Ilb 1.1.161KoHretccryanbHocrn, ayTCHTINHOCT14 (real-lifeness), K 6011billeMy BHHMaHMOIC npellouaBarenbcKHNI H BHarHOCTHIleCKHM recram.

B nepcneKrHae moacHo 0)KHBaTb yconepuieHersonainfe KommymicarHs-Ho-opHCHTHponaHHoro recmposaima C unipolorm uHanaaoHom K0MMyHHKa-THI3HOCTH TCCTOB B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT noTpe6Hocrefi yaaus,xxca (nporparon,y4e6HHK0ri) H ypOBHH HX B.TIalleHHH 1451. Bee 601Ibille BHHMaHHH, BHAHMO,6yue-r o6paluello Ha malccHmanbHo nonHoe Hcno.nbaoaaHHe BoamowHocrefi3BM B =DIX HHuHaHuyanHariposaHHoro auanrHaHoro, HHTepaKTHBH0r0H CaMOCTOSITCJIbH0r0 (WIST CaMOKOHTpORH) recmposaHHa.

4.2. PA3BI4THE

H1HrBOAHRAKTWIECKOr0 TECTHPOBAHH5I B CCCP

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B Haaane 20-x roam BMCCTC C CO 3,11,3HHeM B CCCP ROMA CHCTeMblo6pa3osaHHa neuarorH peunuth no-Hoaomy nousnirm IC npo6nemam npo4)or-6opa H KOHTpORR ycneaaemocrH. Hapauy c ncHxonorwieetm4H recramx06WHX H CIIeuHaJlbHbiX CHOCO6IIOCTeri mann pa3pa6arbiaarbea H AOBOJII,H0WHp0K0 flpHMeHRTbCH newiroriPiecicHe TeCTbI. ,[1,11H noro neuarorH HCHORb-308aJ114 Kax aapy6eamylo reopHio H npaicrHxy TeCTHpO'BaHHH, Talc H OTetle-CTBeHHbIe paapa6oncH.54

5

Oxia Ko, Bcxope nocne nepnbix ycnexort nonminacb nepeoneinca a6-

conIOTH3a1001 1303*:omcnocreh neuxonorwlecxxx 14.nenarormemix recToB.TeopHi H HpaKTHKa TeCTHp013a1111H eule HegOCTaT0,1HC ycramoBlumcb, H

CO3HaHHbIe Team 6611114 neKattecmenniamn, rionycKanncb cepbe3B.bIe ou1}46-

Cii B HliTepllpeTal1,11H 11X. pe3ynbTaron.Boao6nonnemde ncnonb30Batilrill mewl TecTOB B 1;Aarorm<e B nagme

60-x r0408 CB133a110 c npnmenemern nporparyrwrpos:tmoro o6yttemin 14

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AM [8] H T.A. anbmioil [20] .) Bo Bropoia nonownre 60-x ronon H0111.41-

11HCb o63opnble cTaTbn 11.B. Bat-mei:Him [3] , WU. ranbuerta [10] ,

KliH3eBOrl [23] , T.A. KoponeBoil [39] , C.fl. Cynopona [72] , a Taroice

6ponnopla WA. Haryponoil [77] tr C.H. MaxyweBoii [51] 06 onbrre pa3pa-

6011(11 $13b1KOBMX 'CTOB 3a py6e)K0m. BbUll4 3aiumurenbl nepame wiccepra-

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cxxx miccepraunil no recmponamuo B o6nacmB nocnegnee neccumeme 110/113HRHCb noco6na H.A. Panonopra H p.

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C.K. (1;10.ROMECHHy, H.C. lile6exo II gp., Kowlercms Kacpegpbz 1471 Jlemnirpag-

ctcoro nonwrexfurtiecxoro IffICTIITyTa BO rnaBe C npoc1). JLB. banKe13114eM,

K0.1111eKTHB Kacjaervbl 1151 Ta.11.11.141111CKOTO 110.1114TeX1114,1eCKOTO 14HCTIITyTa BO

mane C aBTOpOM nacionuiero 110006HH H ninorne ,124pYTHe KOHJICKT14Bb1 14

OCBeTHM Bxpaine genTenbnocrb BexoTopnix 143 HIM.

110g pyxoBoucTDom WA. HarypoBoii B TPT14 c 1969 no 1971 r. Ulna

cocraanena 14 onpo6onaHa cmciema .110KallbH0 craKnapTB3onarnibix TeCTOB

y4e6HMX g0CTMECC11I4ri Cly,aeHTOB 1V111 cemecTpoB 110 TpeM lutocipan-

nbuo 5131,Ix3m, a Tax)xe TecT 14cx.0mor0 (crapronoro) yponmi. C 1974 HO1976 T. commecrno C ytienbmni 113 Apyrktx By30B 61,111 COCTaBJ1e11 H onpo6oBarr

BCCC010311b111 crannaprimoBarniblii TeCT 110 rparAwrince, a 3aTem HO neKcmce

,111131 CTygeHTOB 11 KypCa [54] . B TPTH oprammonan 4.micynbrer noBbauelum

KBannclmicannn 110 TecnipoBannio Ann npenonanare.neil 143 npyrrix. By3oB

14 nporionxrcs perynnpnble unconbi-cenmapbi c npengramTrenbnbum claopy-

MOM TeCTOTIOTOB CTpaHbI. Bo rsiBornx CTaTbSIX awropoB TPTH OCI3e1Helib1

cambie aKryanbBble Bonpocbl Teoplud H npatcrliKx MAT.

B 1972 T. B 14 By3ax crpanbi oupo6oBancn K0MIUIEKCHbIr4 TecT, cocTan-

neHHblii rpynnoil rienbix 143 M 1-141.451 BM. M. Tope3a non pyKoBogcrBorn

10.A. Begenniutha. llenb10 TeCTHp0BaIIHA JIBJ1H110Cb B1)IABIle1114e 14CX0/1,HOTO

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5755

mum nporparvuu) HO TM HHOCTpaHHbIM flabucam [6] . Peaynbrarsi 3THXrecros nplisenenbr B crane A.F. Peurerosa [66] . a Hx. conocrasHrenbrimffaHankra B crane B.A. KOKKOTb1 [25 1 .

Pa3H006pa311bIMH HEIJIMOTCH Hanpasnernis Hccnenosamil H.A. Pano-nopra. 3re o6yqaerviocrb [57; 13] ,11H14113HCT144eCKHe CHOCO6HOCTII H naruHrb[59] , CTaHilapTH3013aHHble TeCTbl, onpo6osarnime B F. 1-1I1KOnaeBe H 3CCP

COBMeCTHO C P. Cenbr 14 14. Correp [62; 63; 64] , sonpocbr merononorHHC0CTa13.11CHHil 3b1KOBbIX TeCTOB, coseptuencrsosame TeXHHKH TeCTHp0BaHHH,Bonpocax Hanexclocm H BaJiligHOCTH TeCTOB [58] H ,Hp. BH6nHorpa4mnicrarecr H.A. Panonopra, P. Cenbr H H. Correp npeneHa s Inc noco6HH[62] .

3Haturrenbrisnu Hansel-cc' sxnan B oretrecrBeHHoe nkiHrsormparaHmecxoerecrHposaHrie npocb. C.K. elonorurcHHofi (crarbH no meromuce, 11eK11,14H noTeCTHp0BaHli 10 Ha 011K TlpH M1141451 HM. M. TOpe3a, pyKOBO)CTBO noccep-raHramm H r.n.), a ratoke rconnexrHsa UKM01451, oc06eHHo H.C. Ilie6exo[45; 46; 65; 70] npH ocsenteHHH reopenulecxxx npo6neru 1.oHrpons B

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B TannHHHcKom nonwrevuutemom nHcrwryre (11114) a Hewn 19741978 F. 6b13I cocrasneH H onpo6osaH .110K3T113110 craHrbaprHaortaHHbai -CCT(AT-78), xoropbaii 6bui n.naxca.bi onpo6osaH B }lynx. 3CCP, a mime Bcxoru 1114 H KayHaccicom F114 [29; 36; 37] . Bonburoe sHHmaHHe B 11114ynennercH sonpocam TCXHHKH TeCTHp0BaH1451 19; 34; 32] B 4aCTHOCTHrecram THHa Knoya [37; 26; 31] , a Talon recram ayn,Hposamis H J1HHFBHC-TH4CCKHX- cnoco6Hocrek. pa3pa6oraH HOK3lIbH0 CTallHapTH30BaHHbIcI recrcnoco6Hocrerr AT-80 c sbr6opomb1ruH orBeramH [27; 35] . C 1982 r. H)3CTpa6ora no cocrasneirmo CHCTeM131 By3OBCKHX craHnaprHaosammx recroBno aHr511111CKOMy 513bIKy, 143 KOTOpbIX onpo6oaaH14e npournH TeCT HCX0H1401-0(craprosoro) yposHsr (1ITA-84) H TeCT HRH CIyHeHTOB II Kypca Hesam-KOBbIX syaort (ATY-88). B onpoöosairHe recrori 14TA-82 H -83 wracrsosano75 By3OB AeBHTH CO 103Hb1X pecny6nrix C I1pH13.11etleHHCM npmuepHo 7,5 Tb1C.CTy,HCIITOB exceronHo, a B 0npo6osaHHH TeCTOB ATY-85 H -86 35 By3OBDel3HTH CO 103HbIX pectly6nmc C npHsnetreHnem npHruepHo 4,2 Tb1C. cryneHros[31] . Tecr ATYSIEKC-86 H -88 COCTaSHATICH cosmemo c recronoramm Kay-Haccxoro 1114. 11114 nposen rpH perHoHarlbsbrx cemmapa C H3AaHHeM C60p-HHKOB Te3HCOB HOKJ1 410,3 Ha 14HOCTpaHHb1X 133b1Kax.

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cepHH ATY.7. YT0411e1414e COCTaBa pa3pa6arbIBaeMoro TeCTa KOMPleCTBa 3a,LIAHHil B

9acrax, merogotlecKoe H Tecro-31coHomwlectcoe o6ocHonaHHe npoercra TecTa

11 IlepelulaH14p0BaHHe TeCTa C ylleTOM aunbix n. 2, ecnH Henoamoxulo yno-.A14.1-bC51 B 3aAa11110e 74.11H nposegeHHH TeC Ta spemn. MoryT 6mTb H3meneHbl,

HanpHmep, Textunca. TecTxposalnin, coomoureHlte KonmecTna 3agamill H pa3-

fiblx 9acTnx recTa, yaenmello iconmecTgo 1:13opm recTa. flpH oneince gpemegii

Ha 11p0BegeH11e TeCra CfleByeT rIeCT13., 11TO 5-10 MHHyT Tpe6yeTCA W141 Opra-11143a111414 nponeneHHH TecTa - pa3ga9H H c6opa maTepHanos 14 T.11.

5.2. COCTABBEHIIE 3ARAFIPI1JUMFBOXIMAKTWIECKHX TECTOB

Flog 3anamTem ILLIT noimmaeTcH Jim 6oft cmmyn, I1peglIa31Ia4eHHbH1

13036yr<1e1-414f1 H3Mep51eMbIX pegeablx AecmMi recnIpyemoro, HO3BOTIHIOLLOIX

011eHHIb ee/Cr0 HHHTBHCTIP1eCicy10 WHIM KOMMy1111/CaT11B11y10 KOMBeTe11111410.

KawgaH rpynna (lacTb. cy6TecT) OpROTHITHWX 3aHa111411 06b1HHO HMeeT 3ar0-

ROBOIC, 14HCTpyKU,H10 H npHmep Bb111011HeHHA aagamul.Tpe6oBataig 1< aagamisini RAT. 3agagma S13441:0BbIX TeCTOB gomfathl OT-

Begarb cnenylougm ocnognblm rpe6osain4nm:1) COOTBeTCTBHe 4:130pmbl 14 xapacTepa 3aga1mil Tem-a gennm H 06beKTam

TeCT14p0BaHHH, a ratoKc upofigemomy 113b1KOBOMy MaTepHany )3,7151 o6ecne-

neHHn maxCHMailblio BO3MONO10171 BaHHAHOCTH TeCTa;

2) xtocryrniocm no 43opme H cogepxalano, a TaKi Ke HOCHJIblIOCTb BO

Tpyr,HOCTH 3aHat1H14 1.41141 Hal1110r0 KOHTHIITCHTa TeCTHpyeMbLx (rpygoocrb

3agai11ii npegenax or 30-35 % go 80-85 %);3) yHepeHHaa H cra6mbHan gH4p4epe1lnHanon 6wiee clfilbH0r1 H 6onee

c.naöoil naciert KoHTHlircura no pe3yllbTaly ganuoro 3analuin (AC 6onee

0,4) gna o6ecneveima fiagewnocrii recra;

f59

4) coainogymn B 1131)1(OBBIX Teem. enegypinnero npiimixna: B ogHom34(a/Gai TOJIbK0 oxisa TorgHoem Ta, iconpan ITOWle)KHT 11p0Ber/Ke B gaH-HOM 3aHaMili;

5) Hanwme o6rimoweci neHHoeni, CHTyaMBHOCTM H npo6nemHoeTH3agamin, 0CH0BaH110f0 Ha HwreHom cogepncamm H npegenwiemioro HaHOMKHOM HgeilHo-HoenwrannbHom yi-KatHe o6eenetieH1E goenTonHouNicrninamm H Hy)KlibIX yenHonox Teempyembix npiri Bbinomienim 3anainiii;

6) ynez oirrimanbHoil epegHeii AHHHM 3amaxHil (9 ± 1 CROB 6e3 npo-nycica) B ocHose (nicely) 3aga1rnm;

7) npanHnbnoe COOTHOUICHMe JIHHrBHCT11,4eCKOil H 3KCTpallitlITBHCTH-qeCK0g CHTyagHH B 3aHa8lth nen;

8) COOTBeTCTBHe JIHHTBNCTHIleCKOTO ypOBBH 3aHaHHil Tecin yportmoyeB0e1MH fl3bIK080TO matepHana; penenranHoe o penpogyicroaHoe nnagemieiccmrpoinipyenn B OCHOBHOM Ha yporme cpoHen.i, CJI0B, enonoconeiamdi Hnpegnoncemik;

9) Hamm He c6anaHcHportaiumix onnexaleunix OTBeTOB npo Henonh3o-BaHHH TeXHMKH MIRDKeCTBeHHOTO Bbi6opa (TMB).

Tpe6oHamin K 3aHaITHRM penenbix Teens ewe ne.goenTontio paapa6on-Fib!. Tax, B.H. Illawcxx ii H.M. ThinaTilmcoaa (65] npHilowil. cnegylowHerpe6onamln K KOHTp0M0 (nposominn coxpatueHHo): 1) HaHeneHHocmHa penenoe ymeHoe, a He Ha 3Ha HMI 0 H3bIKe; 2) OHHO5j3b1,1HbI0, ycTHbdi,THOptleCKHil H CKplATIA xapaicrep; 3) HmepecHoe cogepwatme H tipmane-icannbHan cliopma HbinonHeHHH, HaneneHHoen 6onbuie Ha oneHxy, a He Haormeixy H gp.

rnanHoe TpeGonamie K 3agaHHinyt penenbrx Tema 310 o6eeneneimeox maxeHrsaanbHo BO3MONCH011 =nem KorvtroymixamBHoem (no nonowerni-AM radium 3 H 4). 143 }Dix nancHeciame HenoepegeneHHbiii, HHTepaxTHB-Hblii xapaicrep penenbtx 3ajaFnii, HanpannnembIX Ha Komexeiya.nbHme 3Ha-neMin Ethicicaabisaimii B ayreHniniibix cHryaminx o6tHeHitn. Banaibimii npeg-erannnioTen ewe rpe6onaHHH cocaa-ra maiceimailworo KOHIPIeCTBa KOMHO-HeHTOB KOMMylf0KaTHBH0r4 H 11.111p0KOT0 Hcnonh 30Halnisiayrelawmoro ,I(OROJH11ITeRbH0 K yKa3aHHbIM OTMeTHM ewe Tpe6ona-HHH 4)yl4K11140HalibHOCTH (COOTBeTCTIII4C xapaicrepa H cogepncalmn 3agaHHiiHOTpC6HOCTHM H Hicrepecam Tecimpyemoro) :t no3HaHazenbHort HeHHOCTH(HOBH3Ha, mcipneexHil xapaimp) TCMTI4KH H Bbinonumembix peneimix ei-CTBH{ B 3agaHHHX pegenbix noon.

Knaceticimicamin 3aaHn J1JJT. 3agamin naT Heebnia pa:moo6pa3Hbi,111111 MX KJMCCHCINIKall$H MONO10 HCXOWITb 03 enegroumx HpH3Haicon:

1) cpOpMa npeabnitneHmi CTHMyJla HarnsigHasi (p,HHaNnitmacoe onoCTaTHtleCK0e ii3o6pmeHHe) HJIH Hep6anbHa5i BlIeKOHTeKCTHan HRH KOH-TCKCTHaH (64HKpo- H maKpoKoHroccmasi);

2) cpopma upegennneinta omen Han-Inman, u.11431x3-6yxneimasi, Rep-(ianbtian 131ICKOHTCKCTIlail HRH xonniccnian;

3) xapaicTep ornen tic nogeneTy pe3yrnaaron 06BCKTHBHbIci (RO'FMB), nonyo6-heicriu3Hb1 ri (xoponcHil owm3Hatmbtri OTBCT) HRH eydbeicnin-nbiti (co CRO);60

P40AaMbHOCTb crsmyna H orsera (moryr RC cosnaTtarb) yCrHail

HIM nscbmessaa;5) scnonbayembni B CTHMTle H B omen H3bIK (MOryT He cosnaAarb)

pognoct MJTh loriaembdi ssocrpassbuI H3bIK.1.13 nplme,aesnm Hp143HaKOB enesyer, 4T0 Mx BO3MO)KHbIX coturratmil

con's, omaxo, scxogs w meroso4ec1co14 senecoo6pa3socr14 n npsse,gessigx

ra6smiax 13-16 gannbrx, mem npsemsemblx cotierassii orpassusaerca

HeCKOMKHMH necancams.

Tatinua 13

Ottetrica BO3M03KHbIX coventool 430pM cnowna

ill omen 13 3142104Rx

ekopmm ttpeg-cTaBnettttii (glop-

nmpoaaHluilorBera

---Harnmattasi (Kap-

THHICH 4 T.H.)

ClopnibI Iipem.snineHHR cimmyna

Harnsuttibtti(cranNec-

K Coe 131114 Alt-

HaNifitiecKoe

H30 6pa-

Wattle)

0,11140

CT10130

(cnosoco-4eTaliHe)

rpyntta C4013

(qacrt,npegno-AC011101)

KOHTeKCT

ctiportyc-

KOM

KOH-

TCKCT

6e3npottycKa

'

+ + 1-

11,14cppo-6yKBerttlasi + + + + + + + +

Dp.tto cttoso (cno-

Bocoverattite) + + + + + + +

Cpyttna c;boa. 430-

rinpoaairmax OT

KOHTeKc-ra

1KOHT0KCTliblA OT-

Bet

1 + + + + + + + +

+ .4. _ + ... + +

Ii pilmegatttt e: cs+ ttati6onee nplientherooe cotteTantte; «+» - CO9CTaHHC C

HeaocTancanni; «- 11C130310.0)KHOC Hum Hatenecoo6pa3ttoe coveTatttte.

Gamin-11,1e nimbi 3aaaawii a ocnosuom aanniernosasm y II.B. Eauxenstia

[4) . lix npsmentsvocrb B H3IBK0BbIX lb petleBbTX recrax noKaaalla B TaGHHHe

14. npsnegem ax KparKoe ouncalme:1. 3aseptuesne (name aanonsenne nponycKa B npes,n0Weintin iiin n retc-

Cre TeeT mina KHOy3) ABilaeTC51 OJ1HI4M 113 sakiCionee pacnpocrp.seimbixTHHOB 3agauxii 170 TMB. artyr TIM aasansa scnonbayercs B OCHOBHOM

61

63

nponepKH neKcHKo-rpammarmecKnx HaBbIKOB ,ITCH1111 H aymiposaHHa. Bcnyttae recra num K310513 no TMB 3TOT THR aananxii 113MepfIeT B nepayto one-peab HaBbIKH H ymemin LITCH1451.

Crinwyn antaHHa 3T0T0 mina Ha3blaaercn OCHOBOR, 1411H TCKCTOM. MCT0,11H-Ka cocraanemn ocnoabi 6bnia onncana n pa3nene 3KOHOM1441-10CTH TeCTOB.B1,1110 yxaaano, gro Tel:CT aananna mower 6b1rb H81111C3H CaMHM COCTa8Hre-nem, erc MO>KHO ribl6parb cpep, npohnemoro 83b1K0B0r0 marepHana HJIIIepeB,H nenpoil,neHHoro, no aHanonoro (raKoro )i(e no ypoamo), a raxaceB383-1, 143 ayrenrwmoro marepHana (KH14114, ra3erbl, )KypHanbl, ytie6nEKH,31111HKJI0Heal1H, C31OBBp14 H T.T1.) .

Crimp! neKapiecKoro aananxa MO*CT CO3118117 raKyto recroayio cHrya-umo, Koropan noncKaablaaer C110B0, KOTOplaIM nywno aasepuiHrb ocHosy(3anornam nponycK). Ouna Ko J:ILOBORT,HO umpoKo npHmenniorca H maleaanaHHa, B KOTOpal.X TO111,K0 conocraananie OCHOBbl C BapHanramH OTECTOB1103BOB5ICT nbi6parb cpeg mix npaaHnbribiii. P. nano [127] curaernocnennfoto BO3MOWHOCTI)

Oneruca npviNternodocm OCHOBHMX 'MHOS 3aAatutil B HMIKOBbIXH peqesblx TeCia.N.

OCHOlifibleTHIIbl

3anamni HOTEICTOB

I 1436Hparenb-Hb1 e TUC MI

1. 3aBcpwenne(3ano3lnentte)

513b1HOBbIe TeCTbI

Harn ag-rbIfi

caloon

SHCROH-TCKCItibICCrinAynbl

ranKPO-Rcarrex-cruble

CrtiMynbl

Ta6auya 14

Pegenble TeCTFA

ay11.Hpo-HTCHHCBantle I011opCHHC

nponycKon 4 + + + + + +--.. + T2. Cnnonnm (na- i

paciva...ia) + + + 4.

3. Anotinoti-1

--- ---------- -1

(an bTeplial MB-Ilblii) B1.16op(npannnbiloHenpaunnbno) + + + + + 1- +

4. Tnynnnpon-R11 + + + i

5. Coliocranne-nue (CJIH4C-HNC) + + + +

6. Plimpnperd-utth + + + + + +

62 t5,;

+ +

ilpodonxenue

OcliommieTIBIbl

3agaimil H

OTBCTOB

51:bIKOBble Tecmi PeieBble TCCTM

}tarnsta-nmPl

ricmyn

wteKoR-

Tel<CTIILIC

crwAystht

MlifT0-KOHTCK-

CTHble

CrtiMpiLI

tiTeHHeaypApo-

BantleroHopeHHI

11. CBOGOWIOKOHC rpyiwye-mbte crraeni

1. Cao6op.nbu1KopoTHHfl OT-BCT + + + + +

.

+ +

2. 03o6or,HbIRn0ny0TKpb1-TWA OTBCT

(3ancpure-fine) + + + + + + _

3. OTHeT Ha Bort-pee mit peak-mut Ha cm-myn (rpaltc.-43opmaums H

AP) + + + + + + + + + +

4. 14H-repripeTa-

UNA __

+

+ +

+ +

+ + + +

S. Ilapackpa3a,TpaHupopma-turn

6. HcnpaHnemic

--

_

+ + +

___

+ + + _

11 pHMC a ii i C: g+ +a - HaH6oHCC HpHCMHCMOC CO,ICTaHHC; g+a - Ce4CTaHHC c

Hcaocia7 Kamm; a » FiCBO3N10>KHOC HRH neLLOBCCOO6p33110C CO4CraltHe.

PaccmoTimm nop,po6iiee Bonpoc 0 xapaKTepe oTuneKalowox OTBeTou

(cm. TaK>KC [4; 127; 99; 166; 116; 112] ). X. 13,/p,pwi [112] npoBen3K-CflepHMCHritilbtiOe Hceriem()B31114C HPHB1leKaTCJIbH0CTH (npoueuT B1I6opa

TecTxpyemmmi4) H mum)epellwipyloulcii CHOCO6HOCTH cnepylouvx THHOB

OTHJICKaionAHx (,[10 110p51)1,Ky 31:1KPCKTHIMOCTH) : 1) KOHTCKCTyanblian OTHYle-

Kalman, 2) anTounm HpauMbH0r0 OTIICT3, 3) lienpasnubnblii CHHOHHM

6563

(B )3,aHHOM KOHTEKCTE), 4) aclulmccanbHan oTanexalowan (x npasHnbHorityOTBeTy npH6asneH HRH OTHHT OT Hero npectaucc HRH cyclxlmcc), 5) 4/0HETH-Ko-rpattiwiecKH HHTep(pepHpyloulan c powibim (apa6ctufm y X. ry rpm)oTBnexammax, 6) rpaclmtiecxas oTBnexaloulas (oAHa-B,Be 6yxBbI npH6aBne-libI K npasanbHorHy onsery HJIH OTHHTbI OT Hero), 7) x.noya-oranexalowaa,nonytieHnaa no npen,BapwrenbHbmt xnoy3-TecTam (cHHTaxTllico-cemannitlec-xas oTanexamulas), 8) cnygaiiHoe cnoso.

P. I1a,up [127] coBeTyeT, turo6bi oAHH Bap Ham OTBET3 6bUI oranexato-IIIHM no cpopme (Hanomman 5b14)opmy npamulbHoro oTBeTa), Apyroff EtapH-

BHT onaera onnexaioulHm no KOHTEKCTy H TperHii Bap Ham. OTBETa0TBITEK3/0111,11M no 3HaLIEHHIO (1HOr03HatIfIbIM CROBOM). OTBHEKaIOILUIEAO.TDFCHbl HMETb HowepHo oAHHaxoubie s.nHHy H.Tpyrimocrb, a 'mime oanacTs3HaH1II crIpaBMnbHhiM BapHawroM OTBCTnB.

lipx oT6ops oTsnexalow.xx Heo6x0ggmo yttecTb ewe TO, "ITO ace oisnexa-mule H npasH,1bHbiii oTBer AonwHbi coAepwarb onHy H Ty >ice qacTb petal,flOCKOJIbKy BCE BapHaHTIA OTBETOB B3aHMOCII1133HIA TEM, 'ITO TecnipyembH1cpaBIIHBaeT MX B xoge nolicKa npasHnbiloro orBeTa. Baxwo ytleCTb ewe onTH-MaJIhnOcTb ceroaHTHLiecxoro paCCTORHHFE [4] MEKTIy sapHaHTarzt OTBETOB,T.e. OHM TIOJIiKHbI 6bITb B pasHoil crenem TIETaJII,HbIMH H 0606LHEHHb1MH. Km<

oTmetiaeT Knapx [98] . Tro 6bi NCI:HIV4Mb «noByluxH» Ana 6oneeTecuipyembtx, nyinne PICKaTb omnexatomme C JIOCT3T04IIO 601IbLIIHM

cematawiectom paccToHHHero OT npaBnnbHoro oTBeTa. Kai( cneAyei H3mew:imam X. fygpaqa, Ltanexan orsnexaloulaB (maxcHmanbnoe ceNtaHTH-gecxoe paccTonHHe) , Hn0nb3yemas cnenoro yranbiBanlin, HaHmenee344exmlsHa H ee cnenyei Hcnonb3oBan B flOCJIEJ:IIII010 onepeAb.

2. CHHOIIHM (napacppa3a) no TMB HBJIHEICH is.434xpoxoHTexcrnb1M nex-cHgecKHNI 3anaH.Hem, B xoTopom Tecnipyemomy cnosy (o6bitnio nomepx-113/TO B npegno)KeHHH) cnegyeT nariTH CHHOHHM sum napa4a3y cpeAH sapn-aliTOB OTBCTO13. 3TOT TIM 33113/111H 6onee ecTecTBelmbig, tieM 3asepwcime.onmaxo Hmeer ABa neAocTaTxa. So-nepsbix, neHasecillo. Nalcoro cnosaTecrupyembH1 HE 3II3ET, ecnH ouni6aeTcn, 14 BO-BTOpMX, 113.CTO HEBO3MOACHOIIaHTH HOPXOLISIIII/di ZHHOIIHM H.1111 napa4wa3y cpegs npoii,AeHHoro 5(3b1K0-BOW NtaTcpHana.

THnbI 3ananxii 1 1: 2 HCHOJIb3y101CH B 143CTIIX HEKCHKH TECTOB TO3051,

I43A, "IHCKHI1 IECT H Ap.

3. 11,Bofinoii (anbrepHaTHBHbili) BbI6op HBIIHETCA MO1'H4M4K3IIHEI74 JIEKCH-veclotx 3ar.aludi no TMB. )11,n31 3roro THnl 3anamili xapaxTepHo cpasnwrenb-110 6"balOe 3nageinie eMbiCA0Boro CO/Jep)Kaif1131 ocimBH-Texcra. BaBtaHHH.IlpH B 1ICKOIITeKCTI1OH cemaliTH3anym HCHOJIb3yETCH CpaBircHHe CHHOIIIIMH4-IfbLX WIN aIITOIIHMII'llIMX nap CH013 (omerbi THHa oonoulaxoBoe - pa3n144Hoe31111"IEHHEO. B cnygae MIIKpOKOIITCKCIHIAX 3aAaIsHil. HCI1011b3yIETCH OTBETIATHna enpasanbHo HeuipaBlobilov. lienpciancom 3Toro THna RBJIHETCH6011bIljaa BepOSITHOCTI, calyvaciHoro yra,r5Inams.

4. IpynnupoBxarAH Haabmalorcs BHEKOHTEKCTIlble JICKCIIIIEGKHE 3ana1n4Hno TMB, KoTopwx npamtnblibni BapHanT oTsera BX0011,11T B rpynny CJIOB,stinslowylocsi aartaimem. BaHxemiti [4] licnocutift TPH OCHOBIMIX

64

CTBHA C rpyrumpoaKami4: HCICITIOgeHHe TOM mena rpyrInHpOBKII, KOTO-

pwil o6o3natmeT negro Apyroe, Lies,' ace ocrambuble tulenbl; 2) o6o6w,eimerpynnmpoaKH. T.e. o6o6werixe J.MbICTIOBbIX omouTenHil rHeKny enoaars,H4

rpynmipoaKH H Haxwfuteinie po,3,oaoro caosa; 3) pacnonoxeime no no-paxcy, npH Kompom 3a ocnoby UppmumacTcH KaKort-Tat6o npit3H:qc ecreci-Belixoro paaa, nanpnmep, nanauHe ;weft reAeHH H T.11.

5. ConocraanenHe (CHIPlealle) neKCHtleCKlix CAHHHU, (lIE) Hcnonbayer-csi cornacno Ta 6.rume 15 B aoaonbno No-corm pa3HoaHAnocT1.x. IIpH 11C-TI011b3CBa1111H TMB KaiKACe 11a,tenHe IE) MOW.eT HMeT1, CBOH 3 -5 CO-

TIOCTaBlEeMbIX. BapHanTos OTBeTon WI% 2) o6ume c ApyrIthat 3amitHarvuT

aapHanTal OTBeTOB (conocTaanenp._ CBECIColl HRH CTO.T1611.013 JIE na poi)HOM

H.fln killocrpaHHom BabiKaY0 3To C0Mblit 3KOHOMWM13111 THU 38;TaUHCf, UMCH

B BH41y aranbl COCTaBnclIHA. ripoael.tem4R H o6pa6oTKH pe3yribTaroa TecTa.aml ymenbatelnia apemem Ha mexanmecKoe npocmaTpHaanHe nomcK

npaaKatHoro oraera B ;minium crnicKe-cron6w CTBeTOB CsleayeT nil6o

orpamitatTbca 7-8 BapHanTamm OTBCTOB (na 4-5 3apaHHA). nH6o npHaecTHaapHanTal OTBCTOB B 2J1BHTHOM nopsulKe, 143BeCMB recnipyertmix o6 310M

HHcipyKtuipt [341 .Ta511144a 15

Moxacimucaroin recTosoro 3aAltliktn 'ulna qconociaBrietnic))

,DoprAa IIrcaaalinewo;(fliopmnpouailits0 OTBeTa

vPopma criftwyna iaaHUSI

BHCKOHTCKCTHall MiiKpoKorneKeruall

Ilansignaa 1r Po SI 1451

---rHarnsuntasa

2. 3lieK011Tel<CTuag + +I

+ + +

BA (KO. TM B CKO, TMB CKO. TMB OW. TMB

--4 . _

Po SI + +

CKO. TM B C1(0. TMB

3. MAR 00kOnTel<C1113H

Po A

1

CK0 11H13

TMB

CKG (KO. TMB

1

CKO, TMB

1-1 p H MC 4 a 11 14 e: M. UuJ1Ta6JllflZI1 14.

6. I4nTepnpeTanun no `FMB wm co CK0 ABA fICTCH naH6oHee KommyimKa-

THanbiltA THHOM 3aga11H 3b1KOBOTO leCT3 H 3aKsnot1BeTca B conoclaanom'muck (won, CHOBOCO,IeTaILHA. npeguo)KenHil) petieaoro aKTa, npm KoTopom

65

6 7

caegyeT c nomoutmo kuiTepnperau.mt H 11011.11M3Han CMMCII EblcKaablnarmilCoeAHHHTb paaile.nemible B aapAHNH H napHafrrax OTBeTOB gam. 3TOT THITaarlamtil Mow Ho HCII0ab30BaTb Ha 5onee npogaturyTwx. yranax o6y4eHHH.

Paccmo TpHm racpartte mime OCHOBlible THabl 3aTkaHlli1 TeCTOB C Cy6beK-T4HHoil OHCHKoci olHeron. Ilepabie Ana THna aanaHHii c KoponcHm (1-2cnona) ornerom H CO CB060,13,1thim II0J1yOTKpbITIAM oTrieTom (aasepurenHeoTBeTa-BbICKaabluaHHH 1-2 cnonamH) mox(Ho ye.a0BHO Haanarb no.nyo6-b-eKTHIIHMMH ToM curiae, ecrni 3ni aap,aHma cocrannerna TaK, wro OTBeTbiAOCTaT0t1H0 0,11,1103Hati Ha Hananbublx H cperktnoc 3Tanax oöytteHHn cnonap-Hbdi 3anac Tecrnpyemblx omocHTenbH0 Heaernix H penepryap CHHOHHMHIMMX3Ha9eHHil orpanHtien, noaromy artecb MO)KHO HC11031b30Ban mexammecicylorip0BepKy OTBeTOB HyTeM conocraaneHHH npaambHoro omen Ha .4)w4ope TeC OTBeTaMH TecTHpyembIx. Ha OTBeTHOM BECTe.

1. 3a,aalille CO CB060B,HIAM KOpOTICHM OTBeT070 xopouro noHxogHT ngsfHa3BaHHH npegmeroH, aeficrank H Ha Karra Hax apH nponepKe CH1101111-mif LIHNX HJIH aHTOHHMkrilibrx i1onyo61eKTHBHIAM MO)KHO CtaliaTbTaK>Ke cno6on,nbie KopOTKHe (0,11HOCROBHble) ornemi Ha 3a).1afatfi TecTOBDina Knoy3, Koropme moryi 6b1rb conocraanenbr c npanimbHblmif oraeramHno TeKcTy wort) TecTa, i.e. KOHTeKcT B allalluTeabliat crenenH /1.111:TyeT OTHeTTecrHpyemoro.

2. 3a,naHHe co CB0601111b1M 11anyOTKpMTb1M OTBeTOM yno6Ho HC11011b30-Ban gag nponepKH HOHCK0B0f0 H o3HaKOmnienbHor0 liTel1H31. TOIlka recnr-pyemomy npen,nanicren ctf)opmynnponarb OCHOBH);10 Hli4opmaw410 (o gempeg', B TaKOM-TO pa3,nerle, t1TO HMeeTCH B BKay), a He HaeTcH prig nbt6opo4-Hb1): Oise-Eon, nnn KOTOpmx. inform Aononb Ho Tpyruio no,no6parb 344ek-THB-Hble al-mei:mu= orneTw. To N(C camoe oniocnicH K neKoropbm o6-beKramTecmposaHHa ayruipoaanna. 06bpato Tatou( aanamil He &Hite 5-10, H npo-senKa KOpOTN.14X FlpepilOWeHHA WU! CHOBOC011eTa1114C4 ,a,a)KC y nceil y4c6Hoilrpynnbl He aanHmaeT CAHIHKOM worn npemeHH, a caw! =alma cpannx-Te.11bHO nerKo COCTaB.115110TCH.

3. 3aHaHHH, Tpe6ylourHe cao6opuoro omen Ha nonpoc kinn peaKumo naCTHM5,51-BalCKa3MBaline, 061,14HO He 01HOCHT K TeCTOBbiM 3aBaHH5IM,. H 011HlipkiMeHMOTCH TOMKO B TecTax yc-rnoii peto4 c geTKoil nponerrypoii nponege-

H OaCHKH OTBeTOB TecrHpyembix. OaliaK0 H3-311 ymoci 4:opmbi OTBeTOBpaanoo6pa3noro xapaKiepa TaKne a rBeTbi Tpyrig0 ougHHTb. HeCKo.abK0

merge OlteH1l11, KONTKHe aliCbMenlible OTBeT1,1 Ha CTIVoyn1)1 (nonpocbl, yr-Beimalennn, BblCKaalliBaI1143) copepacanHH npotarramoro H ycnbunannouo,a Taxwe co apwrenbnoii Onopoil Ha Kaputhy, atialmJibm

4. 3anamm Ha HHTepaperawrio co CRO nmeior nimmcpua auallarittamalxapalcrep c aanannnmn no TMB H 3aHHMa101 apOmewyT011110e meCTo cpelvanion aanannii 2 ri 3 co CKO.

5. 3manne napacivaabi co CRO CBOAHICH K mrcbmeHHomy Him ycTHomyo6i,Hcncruno mageHHa cnou, cnonoccoleTainni rum npelvioweimil. Ananorny-nbim HB11 Helen IHU 3aaallifil. Menyc bin Tpanc(popmamcii, }am pbni Hc11011b-3yCTCH B rpaninoarmecKnx reCTax B 151-1Be 3aBala4 ii npeo6paaonaihciasilitee speNat B upoiuegi.nee, nahnBliTenbHoe HaKBOHCHHe B cocnararenbnoe.66

6. Danamin Ha licripassierme HCH01163y1OTCH B Tecre T030I1 Bpe,naKropcKoro rem, s KOTOpOM B Texcre liyACHO nailTH He noxixogsusie HOCMbICHy HIM 011.114604HbIe CH011a (B C.Hrlae TMB 6051bUIHHCTBO CHOB npoHy-

meposanbi).COCTaBBelMe BlieKOHTeKCTHbIX H MHICp0KOHTeKCTHbLX aagiaHHil JULT pe-

KOMCH,11,yeTCH npoilasosiirb Ha Kaprotwax BeT1144HHO1 B HOHOBHHy crparisnm,nomecnis Ha 3TH KaproLnot. 1) BaBBble o recTe H recTiipyemom oftexre(nowropsemocrb IIE HRH rpammarmeckoci (IMpMbI, HX 4aCTOTHOCTb B H3b1Ke,rpypHocri) no npyrHm recTam B upyrHx. yCHOBMIX H T.11.); 2) TeKCT omioroHmi Heciconbxwi 3anairHil H Hcno.sw.iosaHHme (nexcnonb3osaimbie) sapHaH-Tsi OTBeTOB; 3) naHHbie o6 onpo6osamui TiaHHOr0 aanaisin B npesTecre,a 3aTeM H B OKOHLIaTellbHOM rem (11T, LC H upyrxe )amibie).

5.3. OBPABOTKA H 14HTEPI1PETAW451 PE3Y1IbTATOB TECTA

IlpH o6pa6orxe peaynmaTos npenTecTa ocHoriHoe sinimanHe wienseTcsaHanriv 3aaHHhi T1,1151 C0CTaBilel-B45i Ka4CCTBeHHOTO oxowiarenbiloro recTa.B cnriae wroporo onpo6osamin ripearecra rJTaBHBtM ssnneTca BbIBBHCH14eKaliecma (iiap,e)icHocni, saniissocTH H upyrxx noimaTenell) Tecra, a B coy-gae nposeuernis/Hcnonb3osaHan oKontiarenworofroTosoro Tecra cambumsBa>101b1MH 5113THHOTCH peaynbTaTm TCCTa.

Ileum° o6pa6orKH pe3yllbTaTOB Tem n MHHHMasli,HOM o&beme HBEHCT-CH: 1) no.nygenHe cpeinnix AaHHbix o peaynmarax recra Beer0 KOHTHnrenrarecnipyemblx, icoropme xapaimplivior 344eKTHBH0CT (ycneulliocm)oöytieHlis 14 o6yLlemiocm scero KoiiriiHreffra TecrHpyembix H 2) nony4eHHeBatillblx o pe3yubrarax KaKuoro 0TACHbH0r0 TeCTHpyeMOTO, xoropme xapaK-reploytoT sHyrpHrpylinosble paaniusis B obrieHHocrii. fipu MaKCHMaTIMIOM061,eMC oGpa6oricH 1< yicaaaHnomy npu6asnmeTcs amanita 3aAanyik HiniexcaTpyABoc-ru (141), ,13,144epunzipylouleii cnoco6nocTii (lIC) H 3C14eKTHB-HOCTH ouneKaiounix, BbI414CP 4114e HaH,C)RHOCTH H, ripH BO.TYMOACH0CTH,Balitg-

11OCT14 H gp)/114X rioxaaareneil xatiecrsa Tem.B BacTonmee spew pacripocTpaioics opHemm noimo o6pa6orxii

peaynbraros 113b1KOHMX TCCT013 Ha DBM (B TII4 c 1985 r. Ha 3BM nepesene-na o6pa6oTKa 7.m-on cepin ATY), Ho Him° paccmaipHsaiorcs ripmemb) o6-pa6oncu pe3ynbraloB Teen ripriHyio, KoTopme moryT npHromincii Himo6pa6ors:e peaynbraTos iipenonasaTenacioix news.

Ba>icumm ElpHMIHHOM, 1103B01'HIOUVIM C3K0HOMHTh 'Tema na nposepicyorseTilbix MICTOB, maxercH pa6ora C Bcripaspuibmmai OTBeTaM11 Ha nepsux3ranax otipafromx. 3To wmatiaer, 4TO C Holmium° rpact,aperos ormeliatorcsmecra iienpaswihnux orseTos H cpaay ACC 111)0H320/1,14TCH HOD,C4CT HX KOHN-Liecisa. B CJirlae 0113eTOB no TMB 4epg3 OK1la Tpaitaperos xpyhcxamH MMHranotiKamm ormcgator HenocTakause npasnamime orserbi, a npii CRO Tpapa-peT pacnoBarafor CHCBa 6H143K0 K KOHOMCC OTBCTOB TeCTHpyeM01-0 H cpastimBalOT ciiosa ua rpacpapeTe H Ha OTBC1HOM HHCTC. ECM{ 11y)1ai0 Bb14HCJ1HTb1C011144CCTBO npamnblibix OTBeT013, TO H3 ICOHH4CCTBa aauaHitii B TeCTC (B

4aCTH TeCi a) 131114HTMOT KOHINC.CTB0 HCf1paBH116HbIX OTOCT013. Kpome

3' 67

69

Bhuirphima BO BpCMCHH paetoTa C neripammblibusai OTBeTaMH TIO3BORFICTBblYiBHTI, THHHEIHhle OLLTH6ICH y Bainioro xonTimrenra, anamia KOTOpbtxcnoco6crayeT 6onec npaminbnoil opramiaaumi yliethioro riponecca.

flpeanaraerca cnenylomaii HOCHeTtOBBTellbHOCTI) npa o6pa6oT-xe peapbTaToB J1RT:

1. ilposepica orBeTilblx. 11HCTOB, OTMC1Ka Ha rnL MCCT iienpamumnbixOTBCTOB H H>: icomirlecyBa B KaNC,HOff qacm Tecra.

2. nepeHOC HHAEBH,HyaM3HbiX pCayllbTaTOB qacTeii TecTOB C OTBeTilbaTIHCTOB na cBoanble Ta 6minbi H Bbilincrienne cpeAmix pcaynmaToB no HHX,Ce-cnegymataro (1)oprAynam. Bbipaweime cpewiero c noniombio nponenTnoilII0313011HeT CpaBHHTb cpegime peaynbraml paaBbix TeCTOB H nepeiirx Ha. THITH-6annbuylo wKany. 1,111mimigyamoibil4 cpexuriii Naynbrar TecTa (ero qacni)rio nenpaBiumnblm omeram Mo paBen B nponenTax:

KOMo = X 100, (2)

11

rnc KOx NOilHileCTBO MUH60tilibIX ( ienpaiimamibix) OTBeTOB ,aamioro Tee-rnpyemoio H n KOMPleCIBO 3aaHHH s namioci (lecre):

floci(onwy KomntieCIBO npaBiLablibLX OTBeTOB Kflx palm):

KF1 = n KO (3)

TO cpexodi peayAbTar recuipyemoro B npoueffrax. tiepea HpaBliabHbre OTBeTbIpaBell

M = 100 Mo. (.4)n

HAN

1:11MI1= X 100 (5)

)(Oro KoppeKwisr kruxuargyarnsHmx cpepwx peaymaaros rem Ha city-natinoe yraabIBaHHC HBFIRCTCH HCAOCTaTO,H10 o6octioHalm0H Ho MHeHmo

Xiirona [119] 11 JJ. Xappnca [116] , Bce xce ripimegem COOTBCTCTBy10-11ty10 Ckopmyny:

KOM = ,

K 1

(6)

K HBriffeTCH NonHnec.THom nenpaHaahnbix (orsnexalownx) BaplianroBOTBeTOB.

Cpcmimi pe3ynbTaT BCCTO KOHTHHEeHia Tecimpyemix (cpeHHHHnom) TecTa) M pawn:

Mr.M I HITH

m (7)N n

rxte N Kornitiecrao Tecnipyemblx, BbITIOnHHBIIIHX naHHIA TecT c O6uHim

KOJIHLICCTBOM npaskumHbix ()Tama Y, KI lx.

3. AHamia 3aAaHH1 mown. 6brrb I1p0H3BC,1eH ripHmo Ha one-,:HOM micre,Ha aHanormacil oraeTHomy nHcTy Ta6.HHHe HRH Ha Kapro4Kax 3agsaima. XOTH

1TO KawercH 6onee TpyTkOeMICHM, OTIbIT noKa3mHaer, 4T0 HenecooöpaaHee

cpa3y BbISIBHTb TpymiocTH 3a,Ramei, Tax H 11X ,attixpeperampyloutyro cno-coöaocTb (,J1C) a 344eKTI1BH0cTb pgcTpaKTopos.

OCHOBHbibil npaHuanom alianina 3a,gaima B Tarim! Cny LiaC HaliACTCSI TO,Lao yicaaankle HnH 3Hal: TOM, 4T0 aaHnbrii Tecrapyemb:H mideicH B cmpee-HeHHOM aaLWB114. B BlIBC, Hanpamep, 4CPTO4K1 1.01H T04KB HCNHOCHTCP Bra6muty aria anana3a He ripacTo Ha mecro woro aaganna a HCF1011baynoaapec ounifxmoro orBera, i.e. Ty oraneKalowylo, Koropyio DIOT lecrnPy-embifi 6paH, 3T01 3HaK (4CpT041<a) IlpocrasnaercH Ha coomeTc/Hylonieemem OTBneKa1Oiller0 0TrieTa B raGnnue. ,LI,pyrwan cnoBamm, 1p0:43Boi.uircB

TO4Hbifi nepe Hoc On1H6o9fibiX Bbi60p013 rec.mpyemoro. .1y4ue acero B Kage-c-rae Taxa TaönHHIA HC110.111,30BaTh OTBCTIthiff SIHCT 3T0r0 iRC Tecra HMI eroy HenHtieH Hy ko ananonno,

flocKonbKy .ac ablpameTcH 4epe3 paatunty meacoy pe3yr1bTaTaMH(ouni6Kama) cria6oil a CH/111410k 4aCTeci xonnwrenra, TO oluenibie nHc.TbIHyHoto cHat4ana pacrionwKwrb no nopsiAxy y6ainankul Komptecnia Henpaskun,

orBeTOB a lecTax (cro gacTsix), Torna cnaGaa 4aCTb ofipa3yerca or6opom27-33 % BCpXIIHX OTBCTHbIX nliCTOB, a CH:HAMA liaCTb iatutm ice KOJIH42CT-

B0bl FIHN(HHX OTBeTHbIX naCTOB. Ilpli KOTIlitieCTBaX reerapyemmx oKono25-35 yKa3annas Irons( cocramBer 33 %. npa KonmecTHe 40-60 30 rh. a

6onee 75 recrnpyemix 27 .

,ann Ka)K,Rok liacrn KOIITHlirCHTa 6epyr OTBenblIbifi OTheTHMH .11Hcr HAMBbHIC:IRIOT clacTb laönHubl Anti licpCHOCa Ha MIX 3HOKOB ((leplogeK) Ouili6OKrecrupyemblx, HOCKOJIbicy Homepa anannaupyemblx aauanuil 041,HIl4KOBbi n,;01

BCCX qacreri KOHTHiircara. KorLia HepeHoc HenpaHHnimmx OTBCTOB saKow-leu

Ho Hcex Tpex LiacTFIx KeilraHrcura, ro HILLICKC rpy,auocrn (FIT) B npoueuraxAannoro naainin BbVIIICYIFICTCH no cHegyKaucii cpoprAyne:

Ko + KO + KO1.11 = X 1 00, (8)

N + N + NCH LI Cp

r,3e K001 KOJIHticcTBO HCilpaBH.HblIbIX OTBCIOB B CHAbHOH HaCTH, 1:Oci

cAai5oit tiacrit H KO a CpCHHCii qacra Kournnreara. a Nor Nor N1. Ko-

1114,1CCTBO recnipyc,mblx cOOTBeTCTBcHHO B csia61i11 H cpcmicil qactxx

reanpyeroblx.pyrmoc rb Jan,aHHH nparlannubmi oTHeTaro H HpOUCIVIIX MOX:HO I!a1'rH

no ckopmync:

R = 100 1;11. (9)

RC nail not o Tin,a1I101 oPpene:Isiel CH c nomommo cncpsytounc-. (bopylyn:

KO KO Kr1Cu

LIC }um L&C " CR

NCHcm

(10)

Axamormixo mamma Hai ATT1 344eKTHBHOCTI, (npHrtnexaTenbxocTb) OT-BneKa10111.14X, T.e. CKOTIbK0 TecTiwyemblx (npoueirryanbxo) abl6pano TOT HRHHHOR oTanexatoutHit BapHaHT omen, H HaCKOJIbK0 xopoluo OTBReKa10111,11epantensuor CHIlbHbIX H cnaelbtx Tecmpyembix (AC0).

4. Bbrtmcneime noxa3aTenect Katmai-13a Tem. aenecoo6pa3Ho nagarb cBb1414C1ICHH5t cpen.Hexsaapanttruor0 0TKII0HeHHH cpektHero pnynbTaTa TecTa,KOTOpoe npox3soxanc5t no cPopmyne:

jE(Krix M)2 (Klix)2HRH at M2, (11)at

rje KIlx KOJ1H4eCTBO npartll.nbnbtx OTBeTOB AaHnoro Tecmpyemoro, Mcpeogee KOJIH4eCTBO npamtnbxbix OTBeTOB acex TecTxpyemblx, N KORH4e-CTBO TeCTlipyeMblx.

B131411elleltHe at yxto6n0 npokt3BO1wrb c nomoutbto Ta6nHam crutcxaTeCTHpyermax C HX pnynbTaTamx no TecTy. no pe3yribiaTam KaKaoro TecTHpy-ersnoro (Mix) B1,1414CJIHIOTC11 pa3ttocTH Kfl M. KOTOOble 3aTem BO3BOW1T BKaan.par 14 cymmtipytoT Ilonytiettnan cymma =HITCH na N H 6epercaKampambill xopeHb. Bbamcnemiu at yao6no rip0tt3Becnt na KanbNynscrope,HaKOHJI5I11 B CFO Hawaii cymmbl Kniaparoa yKa3aHHbIX pa3Itat Hun KU), (noBiwa cloopmyne). B TaKOM cnyqac Ta6ninut He Tpc6yercu.

BAH cpasneuma c 1tpyri4mH TecTamn yno6Hee npeperaBwrb cpexteKBagpa-rmnoe OTKROHCHHe B BHAe Ko3cMmuxenTa Bapnanwn B nponetcrax:

V = 5- X 100. (12)

flaitexatocrb TecTa MO>KHO HOACIIIITaTb no pa3Hb1M cpopmynam. flpnBeAcmlieKOTOpMe 143 HHX, 11a1460JleC yrp,o6lible BAB npenonaBaTenbcKnx TeCTOB. EC1114143BCCT110 (11 BCCTO Tccra JleIXO mown() onpen.einurb ewe 14 CpeAffeKBaupaT144-HbIe OTKI1OHCHHH no 4e111b1M H HeLleTHIAM 3aZIPHYIBM (al H 02 COOTBeTCTBCH-HO) , TO Halle>KHOCTb Tem ampaxcaeTcn no cpopmyne ii. I'yTmana 4cpe3 gitc-ncpctuo (02):

rt = 2(12 2Oj (32

at

(13)

Y,1106110fi BBJIHeTCH Tatoice. onAn 143 BapnanToB cpopmyn hi KtonepaPmLiapu-cona, CONpalHeH110 430pnlynb, KR = 21:

11 (1 (14)rt =n 1 n ot

ie M cpckuinfi ncupotteuratbal pc3ynbTaT Tem 11 11 KOJIHk1eCTBO 311)-1,a11H11

B TeCTe. Ilonpalwa -P nywna npn KOJIVtleCTBe 3a11311Hii AO 70-80.n 1

70

7 2

BOI lee TO4HbIe peaynbTaTbt saeT ckopmysa KR - 20 B ssse:

a2 (Ep Ep3)n t

rse p rpysttocTb 3asasss 6e3 npouenra, r.e.

(15)

(16)

B 43opmyse KR 20 cymmspytoTcs nenpouesnible rpysnocrs scex3asamii, H 143 3TOCI cymmbt Bbm4TaeTcH cymma xsasparos yKa3aHHMX rpys-HocTeti 3asassft.

ARA BbItO4Cfle111451 1331114,11HOCTH Tecra smeercs TaK)Ke lieCK011bK0 CII0C0-6013. 14110ma HHaHB11T(yarIbIfb1M pe3y.nbTaTam Teams, 110 KOTOpbIM onpesens-erCH COHOCTaBliTeBbliafl BaJIHAHOCTb osnoro 113 1114X, y)106H0 IlpHCBaliBaTbnopssNosble somepa (palm°, no KOTOpb1M recrspyemble pacnpesensnoTcscOOTBeTcTBeHHO CBOHM pe3ynbTaram no recTy cpess Been) KOHTAllreHTaTecrspyemblx. 3m oco6enso uenecoo6pa3no npn Koppensposalum (Ba3114-1131111H) peaynbTaros recTa c onesxams ycnesaemocTs (cpestisms 3a mecss,cemecrp ii T.n.). Coolsercrspoutas cbopmyria pasrosoft HMI nopssKosoctKoppessuss CnTipmena smeeT slip,:

6 D2P = 1

rse paaHOCTI, paHroB (nopssKosmx nomepos mecT recrspyemmxB CEIHCKe 170 pe3yribraTam Tecra), a N Konmecrso Tecrspyemblx. TaKsmo6pa3om, B cnscxe recntpyembix FIX peaystaaTam no TecTy cnaltana npscsa-HBatOT nopssKosme nomeps (a oTsenbnoii rpactle), T.e. naxossr, nanpnmep,nattmenbluee KOJIH14eCTBO nenpasitsbnbIx OTBeTOB (3TO N° 1), 3arem cnertyto-until pe3ynbraT (3ro N° 2) s Tax ;wee so lamina crutcxa. Taxas )ice npouesy-pa nposossrcn ITO pe3yr1bTamm spyroro Tecra snit no 6aJuiam ycnesaemocTs.Ksasparbi p3311HII 3T14X 110pHaKOBbIX HOMepOB (pasros) yso63Io BbIt1HCIIIITbna msKpoKanmcynsrope H HaKOHJIHTb B ero namarn xis nocnesyloustxpacTleToB.

Eclat Tecrspyeimme 110 CBOHM pe3ynbTaTam recTa HMeIOT TK na3bIsae-Moe nopmasbnoe pacnpesenetste, TO WIFI 011pellel1e111451 BaJIHRIIOCTH TeCTanpasomepuo 11C11011b3013a1Gle K03441414HelITa Koppensasm K no K. Ilspcony:

(K112_ 112)= 9 (1 8)N ai a2

(17)

ULC KII1 H Kn2 K01114,1eCTBO npaBHJI1,11131X OTBeTOB B IlepBOM 14 BO BTOpOM

reCTe COOTBUCTBelf110 y sannoro TecTspyemoro, N K011144eCTI10 Tecrspy-eMbIX (cpasnssaemmx nap pe3y1IbTaT0B TeCTOB I H 2), a al s 02 cpesne-icsasparipulme OTKI1OHCIIHH nepaoro H wroporo recra COOTBeTCTBeHHO. ECJIHBaRHallOCTb 110 panrosort Koppessuos mowno cpa3y Bb11114C1111Tb ma MHKpo-K J1bKYJ1flTOC, To BaJ114AtiocTb HO IIHHatHal Koppennusn Illtpcona nytnue

7371

BblyntenHTb e TIOMOILIMO Ta 6nHum, yaa cHatlana BHOCRTCH pa3floCTH Kn M

Win 060HX: TeCTOB, a aalem np0H3B011TCH HaKOMICHHe B namHTH rampoKanb-KyMiTOpa cymm npownie,nenHii yKa3aHHmx. pa3Hocreil KI1 M.

14HTepnpeTamn pe3ymbraToB JI.UT 331<snovaeTcH B xx aHanHae XIS Toro,4T06131 cH,enam BblE0:16I: 1) 0 KOHTHtireHTe TecTHpyemmx o :SaBnCHMOeTH OTnoneil recra H 2) o camom TecTe B 3aBnC1-IMOCTH OT 1010, aHanHampyforcHIIIIpe3ynbTaTbl HpeaTecTa HnH oxoHgarenbH0ro recTa.

5.5. COCTARREHHE OKOINATUMHODO TECTA(11EPEMIAIMPOBAHHE 11PELITECTA)

Ha Done COCTaBACHIIA 01:0114aTC:lb1101'0 Teen. LITO C311a4aCT HepennaHH-ponaune r1peecrd, ci:egyeT peuncrb, C1C.0.11b1:0 if ICatCHe 3a,11a111-1H MOM010

BK:1104Hrb E OK0114aTerIblIbIn TeCT 11311 BO Bropoii npenreci. EC:1H 3a1amu4 cTpe6yembtm KavecTBom }IC XBaraeT. TO nyaCHO pe111HTb, caep,3 ei na EICTIOSIb30-Batb necmu,Ko owthaxonmx 3a1amiii B paanalx (1)opmax TecTa H;TH nepene-.ralb (HcapaaHra) IfeKa9eCTBellIfb7e aagaIME. Eem meHsercH xorn 61,1 oivatorB.neRatouvin outer, II011B;I5ICTCH HeonpenenenHom B TpynHOCTII COOTBeT-Cray10111Cr0 33.E,annfl.

f5Onee yHobaoro oröopa 3aWiHHi a oNowlarenbHmfi TecT MON0I0E.ITUIBEJ10 npeAcTaBHTb linnets:CM Tpy,anOCTH (HT) BCCX 3aHaHHH nyremnocTpoenan rpactawa pocia win y6mBaHHH Tpyp,HocrH no Homepam 3aktaintii,T 3afIallne C cammm H113KRM Hi nonyHaeT 1108141 110Merl 1 (olmevaioT H eroELrICTEHTCnb1,LIn noMep), 3a 1M cae,nyei aaname co cnenroanim ItoBC11441111e H (N° 2) n B nneane >Kenai-cm-Am ;mem npsnoyfo.rmmilo pocra

113 Won) rp24114Ka 131W110, CK0.111,KC H Kai(He aanarnin npHemnembi no HT.Tpy;oiocrb H TBICfrcipepcampytoulag c11oco6n0crb aagatnni 8 3aluvrocsaaa-

Hbi NTY.13CIIIIHen110n 3EBHCHMOCTI4, KOMpan alCalepHMellTaAbH0 011pege-nelia 41H 31 et<C114eCiClix :3anaHHA TecTa HTA-82 n nparseni.na na pm. 9. Kon-TI:HrCiiT ncnbayemmx cocrawum 400-500 'lel I Oa e E,F1H 1(a)K,LIOn na Luecru

(1)0pM TecTa (390 3aAannfi). Ha nannmx pm. 9 cm:Dyer. 4T0 Ha npeaenenpliervinevocrit MIINFON:01-1M<C111b1X aa,aankni (R = 30%) no Tr/Ai-foci-A RC

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npuncaennblx, nannwx. CJICAyeT, 410 rpymiocm 30- 35 % HaRaCT-C8 t13HM openenom Ansi O160p3 B TCCT MI41901(011TeKeTHIAX

Tpy7,11.0,1 nQen,CTaBlTheTCH BOI1p0C o6 oneuxe Beca 3aBAH.Hil pasHmxKOMIUICICCHOTO TeCTa. C onn011 eT0p011b1, aagame BC ne111410 HJIH

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7 4

RC

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+

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:ortk

I ° 1

40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80

PHC. g. 3a1314CHMOCTS aK434)eneRimpylorgen cr1oa,6Hocm (JEC) neKemn,c-

KkiX 3aaawai Teen. 1'ITA-62 OT HX TpygHOCTH npaaputhrib,A oracTon).

cm 3a;_lart14ii. Beg& 3Llgilli143 110 neKome rowe p33 114,1310MR Eionee gem C ;.w.a

pa3a (37 35 go 85 %) .

6. COCTABZEHIIE TECTOB 110 .TIEKCI4KE FPAMMATIIKE

OBWHE 110.110)KEHH51

J1eKci,NecKI4e. 31-latil4T1 HaBbIK14 Hapany c rp,:mmamttecKmmtf fiETIRFOTell

cy6XONmoneHramki Bcex KomnoHeurroa KOMMyr1H1C3111BH0ii KomncremBin.

Talc, mowielnumpyg coomercmpoumeonpeAmeima, MUNCH() mann, Ino

neKcn4ecK14e i rpammannecrale (Jir) cy6Komitoliefrrm :uffirmicrullecxoii

Komnerenum (CK N° 1) 310 HaBblICH 14 ymetn4B o6pa3oBhman H riormmait,

rtpaBrumiro al0Ba, cnosocotteraima 14 ripeanoweinin B coomerculim c rpam

mamgecKlImH npasmamli B3biKa. arti cnoBa. cnoBocogeraFem Ii npewrowc-

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HOCT1) 14X itopmktpoBaHRH 14C11071b3yOT Tif-cy6KONmoitenrhr (CK N° 2) rt.,

o6pa3osamn 14 novxmatrits rieKuriecKoro Halionuernift ri rpammarkivecKor.

c7pywrypw yica3amioro pegeBoro aKra.arm o6pazioBaram pe4eBbLX aKroa rpe6porcsi onpe,B.enetiBme ReKamo,

cemaumtiecKile, cmfraKciplecKHe,KoHreKcryainHbie 14 Apyrne Koreaunfibii

cpegc7Ba 1_111 51 o6ecrietiertm CBR3110CTI4 pegeBoro noioKa. Ymem4B onepl4po-

Ran yKa3annmmil cpegcmamx H COEMBH3HOT nr-Cy6KOM110lieHT1,1 P.14cKyp-

CH11110171Komneremuni (CK N° 3).

B pelleBbIC aKTb1 A031/Klibi B011114 ramie csioBa, cnonocogetaLuisi

KOTOrMIC 511111/1 10T01 JICKC14110C1C14 14 rpammamtieeKi4

COOTBCTCISHRMI4 B g13)/X A3hit:ax 14 Kynbrypax B BHAC firCy6KOMBOBEHTOB

(CK N° 4) c pailoBeR-pnKort KOMUCTCH113111. Ifeiccmco-rparvmamgecKne cy6

7573

KOMTIOHCHTbI COLI.H0JIHHTBHCTWIecK0ii Komneremum (CK N° 5) 3axmogalorcHCTIOCO6HOCTH BM6pan -fa Kite cnosa, C.TIOB0004eTaHHA H npeAnowei-ma C

Tatcoft rparAmanitteacoil apperypoil, KoTopme 6b1 Ilopxogium K Ammo:Acownommirstic-nmecxoci coryawm o6uleinisi..1.1excmco-rpammanigecKite cy6-KOMII0HeHT6I crpaierwiecicat tcomneTemum (CR N° 6) 310 ymeimeHaxogirrb cpemi HmemullixcH (ifamaluiblx y Kommyinucama) CJIOB, CI-10E0C°-tieiatniii H npegricolcumil Tatote, Kuropme o6ecnewisalor oumma.abHoe HRH

goclarotmoe samonHeme Kommymixambilofi 3aTtattu c ygeromcwryamg o6utelimi H pa3BIITOCTH KOMBOHeHTOB KK.

Cornacno Awn-1mm Ta6nintm 16 I1r-cy6KomnoilenTbI InvirmcmgccKoiicrpaHoBeAttecxcil Kobtnerreuwm Aaxce aenecoo6pa3Hee Kotapomapoban

KocbeHno H3-3a 3ICOH0MHIIH0CTH NIHKpOICI3HTeKCTHIAX 3aAaaHil no CpaB-UCHHIO C MaKporcottreKC-mbikm 3agalamm recTOB yaHofi peqx. Capyroii CTOpOHbl, .111"-Cy6KOMB011ellTbx HJIJI0KyTHBHOCI H CTpaTCTWICCKOriKomneTengnn cgowno Komponttposam xocseinio win fuix Tpe6yeren Max-polcOHTCKCT.

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ElptutaxtemuocmIir-cy6Komnoueura

xomneTerniuu (K)

XapaxTep

Koeneuubtil(nue xouTexcra)

Menma onpenenentoi

nomyKOCBEHHIAR

(MHKpoKOHTCKCT-

time 311,11aHH51)

uenocpeaeTnenumPt(MaKpOKOHTeKCT

HhIe 3anakum)

1..11uurnucrugecxoti K. + +2. Pinfmcyrunuoti K. + +3. aucxypcionoti K. + + + + +4. erpausneutteexoA K. + + + +5. CouitollifHPBNCTH-

4CCKOA K. + + + +6. erpa1trH4eCKOR K. + +

11 pumevauu e: «+ +» Hau6onee uenecoo6pa3uo, 4-h> DC oveuh nenecoo6pa3-Ho, - > - Heuenecoo6pa3uo.

IlonyKocbombni xapaxTep npn oupegenetimi .111'-cy6KONnioncirrop KKHmeloT TCCTbI tnenifn, aymtponamtn, rpammarnuecime TeCThl, TeCTBI nma

AHICTaHTIA H T.n.

Ormernm eule, 4T0 ITN BbI6Ope GabeICTOB TeCnipOlialIHH, npuemoa HMOH 3aAaHHI7I cne,u,yeT Henperviermo ytivrrbraan Hcrionoyempo MCTOP,HICY06y4CHHH, Hp0TpaMMHbIe Tpe6cBaHH1, Tpe6obatinn Hap,excHocni, BaIIHAHOCTHH 31CCHOMH4HOCTH TCCTOB.

74".

6.2. COCTABSIEHHE TECTOB 11011EKCHKE

Meroubi H npHembi Ana Tecmposamui nexcHKH B pamicax CK N° 1MIHrBHCTH4eCKO1 KOMIleTeHHHH epaBHHTe31bH0 xopoino pa3pa6oTatibl, H 3TH

MeTOTHA HpHeMM npHmeHHmbi wig recmpoBaHHH nexcHKH B pamicax CK

N° 4 cTpaHosengecKoil H 0C06eHH0 I14HrHoupaHosemecicoil KomneTemout.OOTaIlbHbIe nexcwiecicHe CK Tee Ho B3aHM0CBSI3aHM B KOHTeKCTe yeTHOTOHMI r1HCbMeHHOTO oftema, H HX H03T0My nrune K0HT0I1Hp0BaTb gepe3pa3Hble petleable nectcmHn H Tec Tax c nonytcomeHnbm H HenocpegcTsembmxapax-repom H3rAepertHa.

Hxwe paccmaTpHHatorca npo6nembl cocranneHHH Tec ToB naccHnHoli JleK-CHKH IITCHHH H ay,rwponaHHH, HOCKOTIbKy aKTHBHaH HeKCHKa Bxoxfa-B yKa3aHHble amine cy6KomnoHemm N°N° 2, 3, 5, 6. OnepHposaHHe neICdil-

KOft N151 wawa H aynmportaHHa npennonaraer ee 6blarpoe y3Hasame B xone3THX BHAOB petleBOil HeRTellbHOCTH, Koropoe 3aBHCHT OT cHHTarmaimeocxx,napanHimaTmecicHx H HeHOTaMMX ripH3HaKOB j:kaHHOIO cnoBa. YKa3aHHme

npH3HaKH mowni. Th,J11 ynpoulePHH paccmorpenmi cHecTH K upH3Halcam,CB513aHHMM CO 3ByKorpa4nvemcoil 4)OpM0ii, H CeMaHTH4eCKHM 3HatieHHHMnamioro cnona. Ho ,E(aHHIAM BatiKeBina [4] , Ha cmewenue 3HyKorpa4m-geocoro o6pa3a cnosa HIMIXO,WITCH 31,6 % H3 acex 01111160K BHeKOHTeKCTHOri

ceroaHTH3aHHH nexcHKH, T.e. cemanrwiectcoe 3HatieHHe HuieeT 6onbuloe 311a-

geHHe nom cnytrae.PacemorpHro no.gpo6Hee 4:1aKropm, Koropme HnHator Ha ycneHmoub

cennaHrimagHH MOB, T.C. Ha pe3ynbTar Tem. 3TH cl)a}crophz cnenyer y4HTbI-BaTb 11pM GrOope ReKCHKH Ansi reeTa, LiTo6bI o6ecnegmb penpeaeuraniagocmmarepHaria, a Taime rtpli cocraaneHmi 3aTtatimii nexclitieocxx Tecros (Cm.

pitc. 10).K cpaicropam, CBH3aHHbIM CO 3ByKorpa4wiecKoi1 43opmoil cnosa, OTHO-

CHTCH 6nH3ocTb, coananenHe H.THI fiecosnageHHe 3HyKoHoi1 0/}inH rpaclaBgec-

Koh CPOpMbl GROB I411 C 3THMH ()0pMaMil Toro we 1411, T.e. nomineme B03-MCOKHOCTH aHyTpH113mxoTtoil HHTepcpepenaHH, H1114 C 3THMH cpopmanat pop,-

Horo H3bma, T.e. nosnmeHHe BO3MONCHOCTH Me)KbH3MKOBOR mireptiepauunt.Ilo naHHbIM J1.B. Baruceama [4] , c nocnenneft CBA3aHO Bcero HHIllb 10%scot ouxH6oK ripit BHeKOHTeKCIH011 cemaHTH3aux14 HeKCHKH. K (1)aKTopan.4,

CBH3aHHIAM CO 3HyK0rpa4H4ecicoi1 cllopmog, OTHOCHTCH eule nAHHa C11013

O CI3HaaffHaft c Hei EtacToTHoem C.11013 KaK B HabiKe, H B cydbexTHHHom

OHMTe yvawerocx.K 43aKTopam, CBH3aHIHAM C CeMaHTH4eCKHM 3HatieHHem cnona, OTHO-

CATCH TaKHC (PaKTOpbI, KaK HORONCEHHe gmHoro cnosa B nefccHico-cemaH-nvecKom none H ero TemaTmecicoii rpynne, accounanumaa cHna cnosa Hee HanpasnenHocm (BeKropHbili xapaxTep), rpammanivecKasi opopma (gampetal), H3Hecren, 3HaKOM HeH3BeeTeH KOpeHb ciloBa, MHOTO3Hat1HOCTb,

cacBo06pa3oBarenbnan uermocm, CeMaHTHEleCKaH neHnocm, cotieTaemocrbc npyrimm cnosamH, a Talon amointonanbnam H cnummtlecKaH oxpaIneH-Hocm, TemanitiecKaa allatiliMOCTb (noxpbuaaemocrb pa3MIX 110)TbH3bIKOB)

H npyrHe clIaKTopm.757

HeT

FITIZT1I Bap, 1.7

1(1). 4)Hxca- Her illoronuiam.Huti!Wig 1f3- cnoBapl.?BeCTHa?

IrpacimtlectcasicDoPma

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I Ra

Cosnattelme crpattnecKott4opf4oA Pog

nonHoemko,vacnouto

Coanaaemie crpa4Hvecxoll

I4opt4o11 HA

nonHocrisooj,facrimo Her

Her

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non:Hoc-1wqacrx4Ho Her

6 61

061..3..eii1coHnutaer c Po51

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CoHnajacaHe31.11401112 HA

110TEHOCTLIO,

laCTINHO Her

3syKoHag 1cicopma

; CosnazteHHe coI3ByxDERA (PonNion Icnosa Ha Po.g

IlaCTW4110

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cpopmon 1151

1

110/1H0C1140,qaCTENHO

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cb

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A aelcwaxmoe3HalleHHe lIE

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flpHseneicsbrii nepemeHs clAi<ropos noicanmaer CJIMKHOCThor6o pa nexcH-

ICH gag 'MC Ta, KOTOpbIB oco6eimo atcryaneH B cariae TeCTOB ycnenniocmodurero ananeHmi 1451, a Tal0Ke a cnriae CTallgapTH30BaliaBTX TCCTOB. 1,1.A. Pa-

nonopr H iv. [62] npennaraior ocyinecrsnsm oröop nexcHicH no 7 xpHrepH-

FIM: 1) OgHOCJIMKHGC gayCTIONKHOe 6onblue cnoros); 2) amop4moe

CTIOBO CTIOBO CO CgOBOO6pa30BaTegbIThIMH nplimaxaw.d; 3) cram- HJIHmiloro3liatsioe cnoao; 4) nanHoe (Liao-wince) coananemie 3BylcoBoil rpop-

MbI C Tapyrimul cnosamn Ha naHHom HSI Hecosnanellite 3syxosoii (.13opmbi;

5) nonHoe (4acm4Hoe) coananernie rpaclIwiecxoil 41.opmbi c npyramx Quo-

Baxia Ha nanHOM FISt necosnanewie rpa(lmqemoii cPoprobi cnosa; 6) DOH-

Hoe (qacrwilioe) cosiraneinie 3syxortori cpopmsi cnosa 1451 c Poll lipir pa3T-IbIX

3nagenrisix nonHoe (qacmxthoe) cosnarrenHe 3syxosok 4-10pMb1 4H c Po/1

npH ownialcoabix 3Hatie1nisx; 7) Hessicoxasi qacromocrs cnoaa erosigeolcas qacromocn. Ha ocHose 3THX xpiirepHes 6b1.na onpenenelia rpyn-

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or6opa nexciucH Ha ocHose ee paH>icHp0sia4 no 5 KpHTCpHfIM coqerae-

mocm, cemaHrwiecican neHHocm, criorioo6pa3oaarenbHaa neHHocrb, MHOI0-

a tlaCTOTHOCTL, Beem 3THM IcimrepHam mox(Ho )1acim KOHINCCT-

BenHoe ampa:geme a nyn3bruibrx csoaapsx, a qacromocm B llaCTOTHBIX

criosapsx. tiro6b1 nonyqHm OgHTI KpwrepHil MIT or6opa, win xaKnoro cnosa

no ero 5 paHram onpenenHerca mentiaHHbiii paHr, Koropbni a yicanisaermecro nainioro cnoaa a paccmarpHaaemom el-mei:a 11E, npentia3Hatien1brx

ATM or6opa.MowHo Talon HUB:MI.308Tb me-rogatcy onpenenemin yposHn TpyglIOCTI4

C31013, npennoweHHylo win Hemerixoro H3bIKB M.A. Ilenatiosoil [53] a pmaHruifick.oro Hasixa 14.B. (DenbcHep [75] . B 3T011 MCTOAHKe ypoBeHb rpyg-

Hocm cnoria cicrianbmaercs H3 6BILTIOB, ICOTOpble cymmupyiarca no cxeme:

1) HMYI 0, rriaron 1; 2) KopeHb B3BCCTHbIi1 0, He143BeCTHI,BI 1;

3) KoaKpeTHoe noinime 0, a6crpaicrime 1; 4) oftem 3HaqeHHH Ha 1451

cosnanaer c o6-berviom 3Haqemin Ha Poll 0, He cosnanaer 1; 5) icopor-xoe (1-2 cnora) cnoso 0, TIgHHHOB C110130 2.

B xone 3xcnepHmeHranbHmx HCCRegOBaHHcl B Thu ycialiosneno, LITO

paar H cocrasnalowire ero 5 xpwrepHes, xpome ItaCTOTHOCTH,

He Hmeior crammitiecicH 3HaqHmoil Kopperiawni c rpywiocnio nesccHtiecioix

enionni B recre. 3Hataiman Koppenninin rpyriuocm IIE othiapywelia C ROBTO-

pAeMOCTI10 JIE B yqe6inixax cpewiei UJiCOilbI (n), qacromocnio ((V) HyposHem rpyw-locrx nE (Y), HailneHHbim no merowuce M.A. Ilenanoaoil(cm. nalilibie ra611. 17). Pim nporHo3a rpyrisocrii R 11E B -mere MOYKHO 1-1C-

no,m3oBaTh perpeccHoHHylo cpopmyny B mine:

R= AtaX11-vbX01-cXY, (19)

me A, a, b, c IlanHIOTCH TIOCTOSIHHMMH. 3amicsuaimri or xapaxrepa npe-3enraug14 JTE, napamerpoa icoHmiirenra yqaunixcn H T.H.

korbinoHeHr n H rpywocrb nos 3apsisainin Y, 003M43>KHO, rpe6yior rotate-

14 gOTIORHeHHR.77

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H Tpyggbie J1E.

Tatlzu4a 17Koppensuuul TpyamocTil I1E C gaCTOTHOCT6143, noaropResicicTbio

II ofteKTBBBoii TpygnocTwo ycsoelum

HananueTecTa

XapaKTep3againUI

Ronwiecreo 10334)(13uwieum1 KO ppen a tam

JIE eTy rteu-TOB

R 11 R (I) R Y

N'S 3 T1114 Bite Kew%

TMB65 cp. Lux.

H. ey380 0,49 0,42 0,46

N''' 4 TE114 muKpOKOKT.

TMB63 cp. um 71 0,40 0,28 0,45

MHP3AM314

PyR-AS1

BBC KOHT.

TM B

88 cp. 111H. 80 0,47

HTA-82 1 BHC KOHT.

CRO390 cp. 1.11K. 400-500 0,43-0,57 0,35-0,41

HTA-82 11 Bile KOHT.

CRO390 cp. um. 400-500 0,47-0.58 0,34-0,39

ATY-85 Bile KOIIT.

CRO800 By3 250-300 0,28-0,31 0,40-0,60

ATY-86 Nu4KpoKou-

TeKCTIMTB

TM B

432 By3 250-300 0,30-0,36 0,31-0,35

II pume 4 a 11 H c: IleKcluca n TCGTaX ATY cocTaB.nana (wane 75 % o&henta nexcli-gecKoro romuiroma B.B. Mopo3eilKo H 4.0. TypyK H Koppenaului R (1) nonyvella KaKnO 3TOMy cnoBapio, Tax H nO cnosapio ,I1. KeppOna H ,B,.,aettaaca.

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na R. Ileilni4ca.rIpH oT6ope ITE gaff TeCTa B0311M<aeT npo6nema tiaCrefi. petua. B 113bIKC

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MM nacTeil pew, T.e. pa3Han Texin4Ra Tecraposaluf H Bnitsier Ha

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1

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Tt.Crd , nplmard- I

o6u.kee KommecTrso aaganitti) 11 azecraa- niaraH I I tiapetnte

TC11E.BOC

Te..-mHoe

I. BBC K0HTCBCT3

1 CRO (390) VITA 57,3 50,0 54,3 58.3

2. CRO (24) 14TA - 1 yp. 60,5 50,2 53,2 57,0

141A - 11 yp. 51,0 43,3 36,2 26,5

3. CRO (36) T1114 60,4 68,2 61,5 47,0

4. TMB (24) 11114 67.3 72,0 76,0 67,4

MHK/B3HOBTaCCT

5. CKO (24)6. TMB (24)

111. MaxpoKonrcKcr (Knoya-'NC-0

7. CRO (36)8. TMB (24)

9. CK0 (750)

11114 22,2 15.5 20,7 23,7

THU 46,7 36,5 43,0 55,9

-r -h-

THU 30,4 34.2 30,0 29,1

141A - 1 yp. 64,4 54.8 51,0 69.7

PITA - 11 yp. I 48,7 43,0 38,5 45,8

T1114 45,5 47,2 35,2 ± 40,1

El pamcvaHH e. B raGnau.c 18 conociaaamm (omoiaHoublc TIE H HcornturcHrbi)

pa,abl 2 H 8, 3 H 7, a TaloKc 4, 5 H 6.

flpa Bm6ope Txna 3axanail o6hymo iipenxonarator, tyro xapaRrep 3ana-

1114X 14 omen 13 11CM HC 13J110110T113 pnysibrar recTa. Yepenseinime peaynbTarai

MHOTHX TCCTOB B Ta61114Ue 19 (pimm 1 a 2) 1101<a3b1BalOT, tiTO TMB oönergaer79

81

Ha 25 50 % ablnonneme 33,11AHHCI recra B 3aBFICHMOCTH OT ciermat KOHTeK-ciyanbHocw 3aAaHlisi, npmem aagallitg Brie KOH-M(0'a aameruo Item3aAaRkt5i B mincpo- H maxpoicoHrexcre. MlitcpoKonTeKcTom Ha3braae1ca 3aecsomio (HHoraa 2 KopoTKax) npermo)KeaHe. B Tecrax PITA H ATYTpyanocm aaam B ra6rn11e 19 nonytiaiorca 313-3a paaHmx Tv.noa orBeTa:alte KowreKT-Ta CKO, B MIIKpO(MaKpO)lCOHTCKCTC TMB. B pagax 1. H 2BCC Teem HMCIOT OaMialf0BbIcf THfl oraera. 3agaHHSI Ha aanepmee Ralf 3a-nonaenHe nponycica no TMB 3a/ACTHO nerge, gem aa,aauxa aa naxwajletmecam:maw arm napa4pa3b! [48] .

Tadduto 1913.moutHe crenenu KOHTBKCTyanbHOCTH CTHNlyna H etkopmbl oTsera Ha cpc,Anftil pearibTaT

(% npasmnbinax OTBeTOB) .newcwiectotx TeCTOB

I1 KoitlexcryanbliOCTb CTHMvna

I!_

.1, " ,

1133a3nT

uc Ko:ime CT - i r% XI V. 4C- BHC ! mie . MHKp0- inn maxpo-31:CnCpa- BO TeCTI4- . CTBO 3a- KOHTBK- KO:ITeK- . KOH- :orseTa

1MeHTB cm ba naHviii cTa : CIa ! TEKCT .

Tat< CI

1

Po51 AS; - i (aaecp- '

, (Knoya JAR Po51 : ineRnej !

--1 .

1. Knoy3- :CKO 8X50-60 ; 8X12-24 59,2 % 60,4 % 25.7 % 31.2 %r 1

TeCT I lThiraA

i

--+2. Knoy3- , TM B SX50-60 8X12- 74 75,3 Vc 57.1 54.8 c7e

Tc.ci 1-111,1

i

3. 1,1TA i CKO n 400-500 124 - 58,0 % 58,7 71 yp. :TMB

1

--j- ., -i-4. 14TA - CK0 x 400-500 124 I _ 38,9 % 41.5 %

1

11 yp. TMB: 7

i_4

5. MIIP3A- TMB 246 188 74,3 % ; 75,8 % -M31.1

11191 T1114

46. ATY-R6 IK0 250-300 300 1-C pi 40.2 % 44.3 %

I TMB

pHnicyann c: B Tecrax 1 1,12, a 'mime 3 144 TIE oanuaxoBuic.

^

,11,amible Ta6nim 17-- 19 HOICa3bIBalOT coorHoweaHe HeKolopbtx conocra-BHMbIX TCCTOBbIX -HCTCCTOBIAX Ci)opm Komponfl yeBOCHHA MCKCHKH. 3.ap.anma

80

BHeKotrtexcrHori CeMaHT113a11,M1 CO CKO HBRAIOTCH nHcbmeimbnyat nepeaoria-M11 COOL Pa3111111101 MCKIV ,1121HHb1M11 pima 1 it 2 B ra6niate 19 OTHOCHTCSI BO

Nibiorom 1< noncica..ixe, xoropylo naer TMB. lipkt 3THX cpaitHewtHx 6buut MC-110.1IbaJBaHbf TOJIbK0 re aanalma, y KOTOIMAX AC > 0,40, trro6H inicinotatrbB.11HRILHE COACp>KaHlia rexera aanaHHH, Heynalmbix orEtneKatowitx it T.11.

libuneyicaaawroe 3aMCT11O ycnowHaer Hbi6op Dina aanatimi, nociconbxyno,trit BCC 113 12 OCHOBHbIX ritnoa aanaturdi nogxonar non recrispoitaHHa.11CKCHKH, HO OHM OTRWIalOTCH, xpome npottero, ewe CBOHM 13.11HAIGICM H2.

peaynbrar recra. OCT-101314MM xpirrepHem anH Bb160pa THIla 3aAal1HCI TIEKCH-

LIECKHX TECTOB arinstercrt coerHercraste 3anagars.4 H merowtice o6yiteiwa,3atta4am recra is rpe6oHatwam oöecnetieHHH ltaltemotoerit, HanHgHocnt HDKOHOMMHOCTH TeCTa.

ripti COCTaBlIEWIli JICKC111eCKHX 3agalmil anexweir peu.ntrb, Ha OCHOBCxakok JICKCHKH 6y1:(yT COCIaBNEHM TeKCTM CTHMy:10B (CCM/BM) 3a/JAHHcl.

qT06b1 HCK./11011HTb BO3MONCHOCTb 11011BYIEHHR B 3a,aaHH11 ewe op,noil npo6-

110MBI («11p011yCKaa) B B11,11E 11E3HaKOMOS3 Irijill negocrarotmo yesoemtoroC.110Ba, Hago itcnormaoHarb 6onee nencyto nexcHxy HILH Hp0BepaTb COOTBET-

CTBY1.0111.11C 31121MCHaTC:IbilbIC C.H0Ba TCKCTa aap,a1tHif. HanpHMep, B recrax 14TA

I ypontia (Ana LX X xnaccos) nexcitKa 6buta abl5paHa 113 crritcica flE

VII V111 KylaCC011.FlpHBEACM HpHMepb1 OCHOBIlb1X THT1OB 3a1:12:111.14ri 110 JIEKCHKe.

1. 33.LW111111 KOHTCKCTa no TMB

1.1. Conocraanetwe liE

flpiimep in A TYIIEKC-87.

Part 1. Synonyms

C-7 to receive 1) to leave, 2) to believe; 3) to belong; 4) to get

Part Ill. Antonyms

C-33 present 1) absent; 2) abstract; 3) except; 4) expect

Moryr 6b1rb COHOCTaBlIelibI TalOKE CHHCKH CROB Ha 1451, nperwoacemist

10114 14X 11aCTH. 143-3a orpaHirlemtoro o&benta 1Ioco6HH HeB03MOKI-10 011HCaTb

neKCHtIeCKHe 3aAallkISI C COTIOCTaBaeHHCM, B KOTOpTAX HC110.11b3yI0TCH Kap-

THHKH H JWYTHC BH,11,b1 3pHTETIbH014 HarSIKIHOCTH.

1.2. 3ananHe B Lowe rpynnHposlcit liCK.11101LHTC C.110B0, 0314a14a10111Ce

Ca MOe MeHbWee:1) inch, 2) yard, 3) mile, 4) foot

2. 3anaHHH C MHKpOKOHTCKCTOM no TMB

2.1. 3aHepwettite/lox neKciviecHtix 3artamift TCCTOB 14TA s ATY o6Hapywelia cna6an, Ho

CTaTHC71111EcKil 3Ha111iMafl K0ppC11$11.1,HA TI3y11,110CTH laaaHgt C J.1J1HHOR aaHanHst

crionax H C MCCTOM Ilp0I1yCKa a npertnoweHHH: gem aimwc ap011yCK, TEMTpyr1HCe 3aautie. OnnaKo HC pekomeHayerem HCH0.11113013aTb B KatleCTBCMCCTa lip011yeKa ITCpBOC CHOBO B aa.namth.

8 3

81

flonmep w MA-83 ftopma C-2.C-46

bi autumn some birds ... to the south.1) fly 2) jump 3) walk 4) run

2.2. '3anaime Ha oupeneneHHe cHHomma1EA UNESCO N 26

They usually have fruit here.A. Kind of food; B. Music; C. Lessons

2.3. 14Hrep11penunn1 shall be back soon. It is ....1) promise; 2) recommendation, 3) advice

Ilonpo6noe o6cpxnenHe TBXHHKH -recutpoaamin neKCHKH npHaeuenonoco6ms J1.B. Batncemiqa 141 .

6.3. COCTABJ1EHHE TECTOB no rPAMMATHKE

lipH Alicxpe-riforo nouxone ic cocraanemun Tema no nefccHxe H rpam-manuce reopennectcoil OCHOBOR Cny)KHRH nonoweiotn crpylcrypHoii H ipaHc-4)opmait4OHHoii rpambianucH anauetme nexcHtfecKHNot 3Haqemonuit HrpammarmecKHmx 4opmamf4 (lo) npoaepnnocb Ha yponne mopcjaem, cnoe,cnosocotieraHHfili npennowemtit. flpH kurrerpantaffom HOB,X0Ae K 3THM ypoa-FIHM npH6aannercn eute ypOBeffb canatforo TeKCTa, Toicxypca H caepxcppaao-Bor() extnerna (COE). gem abune KommymiKaTmnfax xoblneTemuut (KR)yttaumxcn, Tem 6onsufe npoaepxa Ha ykaaamfbix nepabut ypowinx ankumeTcr.B yposettb Texcia, mtcyypca, i.e. }mamma 1-(1) npoaepzeica B maxpoxoTexcre.

ECHH a }mane paaaHmn Kommym-sica-rHaHo-opHettniponaHHoil me-routitcH o6yqeffHH 1451 me.rop,Hcm npeHe6peranH rparomai-Hqeocorf T0,4HOCTSIO H

Hpamtnbuocrbto (nmnb öbI coo6u.tetme Gbuio noHato), TO C 80-x roma 6on1,-ole affamaHHH 06pingaerCH H Ha rpammarkftfecicym TOMHOCrb ycrnoft peqH.OnJfaxo B ,n4CTOM BHAC B maxpoKoHrexcie 116B03MO4CHO BIACIAHHTb neKCH-4eCKHC H rparsmaimecKHe ABnCHHR H3-3a egHHCTBa H CHONCHOCTH CeManTH-LICCKHX H CHHTaKCHtleCKHX canaeu B cipygType Texcra. 1103TOMy Ha Haqanb-Hom H CpCAHCM 3ranax o6yqeHmt Tpautuntomtme cnoco6bt npoaepKH mane-Hint nexcxxoff H rparvmarincoh coxpamfayr caoe 3Haqemte.

Kpome imfframmecxoft Komneremum rparAmamecicHe Ha BbIKH HMelOT6onsume 3143.11cl-file B TaKHX cy6lcomnoltarrax KR, xax CK N° 3 uHci<ypcHn-}foil KOMIICTCHLO4H (CHHTaKCHtleCKHC KOFC3HBHMB cpeuma) H CK N° 5 coluto-IIHHIBHCMCCK0ii KOMIleTeHHHH (COK pawenable, Heperynapifbie rv, npo-nyCICH H TM.). flocnen,Hae nyquie Kourponapoaarb nOnyKOCBCHHbIMH npHe-marvm a maxpoxourexcre, H HH)Ke 6yuyr o6cyxtuenbl npo6nembf COCTaB11CIEHH

TCCTOB naccHaHoh rpabimanuctt jni Trelnifl a ayultponalma. (pOpMM aKTHB*Hoh rpammanucH comansuor conepwamte CK N° 3 H N° 5, koropme axpanteo6cyntamicb abfwe.

84

06b111H0 ctnrraeTcn, qTo OT6Op 061,CKTOB TeCTHp0BaHlin no rpammaTxxe

nerme, gem no nexcince. 0i:wax() 14 3pecb 8o3HHicamT cneuxinitrzucHe npo6-

TIMM. Ana oT6opa re. Ann rec.'s 136bit1Ho HCX0pAT H3: 1) npoiipeHHoro maTe-

Nana a rie6mixe (MT), Tpe6osamet nporpammm H rpammanitlecicoroNannwyma (TecT pociloaeHHI1). flocmegmil, opnaxo, HeLLOCTaTOIIHO p23-

paCqTan C TOILIK14 3pems Tpygnocrn OTAenbH1,1X TO; 2) tiaCTOTHOCTH DI) B

fobnce (noikba3micax) o HX 11OBTOplieMOCTH B yge6H3nce (a cy6bmcnisHom

011bIl( yria11111XC51), Koropme HenocTaTotmo Hccne)osamd. Hanpmep, meKuy

11OBTOpHeMOCTI)10 I1 B yge6HHicax cpepHeti IIIKOTIM 11 pe3ynbTaTabm TeCTOB

FITA f le o6napyweHo craTHcTmecKH 3Ha4HMO(Koppennami [136] ; 3) Tpya-

HOCTH OTgenbillAX re. no ganHmm KOHTpaCT111311011 1111HTBIICTIIKH, nony.ell-

nblm Tyrem conocTasnerms mytmemmx re. )1aIIHOTO RH C C00TBeTCTBy10-

111.14M14 re. popHoro n3b1x2 yllaunixca; 4) TpysHocril OTAenblIbIX win

yanasamin NMI t1TeHHH 14 TpynHocTH ycaoeHHH, 0 KOTOpOri 14MeIOTCH TO.11bK0

Teopermecxne coo6pascenon. flonbruca cHcremannatam nocnegHnx npHse-

Wm Ha pc. 11.IlpH. yaHasaHHH HeKoTopoe HHTepc]peppylomee BJIHAHHC (1011Onlill-

Tenbliaa TpynnocTb) mo)KeT OICa3b1BaTb 11 yposeHb I Ha pm. 11, HO BO3H11Ka-

10111311 TpyaHOCTb cxopee cas3aHa c o6weil 26cTpaxmocrx Yp0B1114

TpyglIOCTH I-1V OTHOCRTCH IC sHenmer3 cbopme paccimarpHsaemoil rpammaTH-

t:.)moil KaTeroppm, a clvfnutHoHanbuoe allagefilie (03) ro Ha NH 14 creneab

H oftem ero coananemn c coonteTcraymtunm 03 Ha popnom ;mace (ypos-

1-114 V VIII) OTHOCRTCA K sHyTpoineil crpyt(Type re).flpo cocTasnenao H3o6pawennoii Ha pitc. 11 HepapxHH npennonaranocb,

tITO ecno HaHHas F(I) HmeeT Takcoe 03, KoTopoe 110.11HOCTIA0 cosnaaaer c

cooTaercraylow,eil re. Ha popnom 23buce, TO 3Ty rcp moxmo curram 1(014-

xperHoil. Kpome Toro, ecnx MHOFOKOMTIOHeHTHa, TO BepORTHOCT6

11CCKOJIbKHX 1:1:03 Ha Mg secbma mana. jinn ynpoweinin ananima ponb KOH-

TeICCTyanbHblx csn3eii, nopmnca CJIOB H 2.11. ortyr.nara.

Upo sai6ope ulna 3apaniti H cocrasneinui 3apam411 recroa no rpamma-

THice cnepyeT 14CX0n,HTb 03 C.TICWICU.1,11X nponuonoa: 1) aagarnin gaTOKHbi

oTpa)KaTb He CTOTIbK0 3Hanun npasHn o6p23osams, CKOTIbK0 onepopoaame

c r (ynoTpe6nenHe, yanasaitse o TM.); 2) xascAmil o6bexT Tecmposainin

(10) HmeeT C11011 HaH6onee nopkxownpue mud 3anabuni. HakpMMep, npegno-

ro, MCCTOHMeHHA, aprificnb H LB. nyttuie TCCTHp013311, B Wine conocrasnenan

IfeCKOnbKHX (3-5) emmynoa (mHHHTexcTa) CO Mille/COM )32pHawros one-

Tor); 3) ITOCKOFMKy B Tecrax no rpammaTin<e OTBeTBI 061,111110 AOCTaT0111-10

opno3Hatnn,), To Ana npenopasaTenbcxxx Tema 6onee panoollanbHm aapa-

MIS CO CKC WIN CK0 110.11yOTKpbITOTO num, no3sonsnowne nytnne BbIABHTE.

TrnlwiHbiC 0111116K11; 4) TeICCT umlaut nonsceH conepscarb TOJIbK0 xopowo

ycsoennym nexcHxy, o6ecnetnnamotnylo npn ownimanbnoil cpepneil Amine

3apaintii 9± 1-2 C.110B3 ,II,OCTaT01411y10 CIITyaTHBHOCTb H OnnO3HatIHOCTI) CTH-

Myna (ocHosbi) 3anatn4n; 5) Hcnonb3osaHHe nepesopa a aapainlax onpaapa-

HO TO11bK0 Ha Ha43.11bHOM 3Tane o6pionix H B TpynnbIX no paHHbim KonTpac-

TH1311011 JMHrBHCIHKH anymanx; 6) Ha opHy 1'0 ACCJIBTCJIbH0 HMCTh 2-3 3ans-

MOH B 01:1140/1 (11) opme TCCTa.83

IlonHoe 111111 tlaCIVIHOO coana-. Beam 3ByKo-rpa41mecxon

row II cescatrrHaecHoro 3Hatle-HMI re CO C11013aMH 1451-1451,

1451Po5Iaa Her 1

Harnme itoopmananatx lipliattaK013

Omommaa nonpHaHaHy 1"(1) I

PerynapliomIku6pa3osaHHe no npaannamj

111

KOMHOHOHT-HOCTI, C rpyK-

rypm I-0-I

HOCK.

KOMTIOHCHT-HOCT1, crp)<H-

I r/p bl re.

HeCL.

KOMnoHeirr-HOCII crpylc-

rei

I

I

HOMHOHOHT-HOCTS CTp),K-

ryphi FD

OP.M1:CI

.

1---MHO-rol K.

it

r---OAHU MHO-

1-0 K.

i

0,13.HH

K.

IMHO-1-0, K.

I'

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K.

iMHO 0-K.

ri

I tD3 Ha1 1451

(153 :la1431

(D3 HaRR

(1)3 Ha1451

(1)3Ha 1431

433Ha 1151

03Ha 1431

<D3

Ha H51

IHecK-

6I

011)10

61 1 1=HO u 0

6) 2

(\co olio

C) 2

06o3HageHHH:

Poi{ POLILHOR 513121K

4wHkautoHananure3Haq re

nonno-cnao(ace)

tlaCTifl^HO (0111411)

[ot5serd!unipe

A a6c.rpaHmax

KoHtcpentaa

PHC. 11. l'ifepapaig TpynHocrell y3HaB2HHH ITZMMaTH,ICC,CHX CI)opm (re9 ni5H 4TCHHH.

HioKe nplinerieno HCCKORbK0 npinviepoli THROB 3anainiri no rpammarince.MHKpOKOHTCKCTlibIe 3aBaum no TMB

1. 3anepureime, HTA-84 C-1 N° 18:He can ... English and German.

1) to speak; 2) speak; 3) speak..4),speaking84 U

2. TpaH4opislawis no TMB ww co CK0 (nraue) :This way is not more difficult. It is ... .

1) easiest; 2) easier; 3) easy; 4) easter

3. Hops AoK cnos: yKa3arb nparmnbnoe mem Hapetsts B npewlowenin4 (no

TM B wm co CKO):The work (1) should (2) be (3) done (4) well. (always)

7. COCTABJIEHHE TECTOB flO LITEHHIO H AY,AHEOBAHHIO

7.1. OBUME nOJIOAEHHA

MUM HO tliell1410 H ayugposamno OTHOCHTCH K rpaww.Howthsv. pegesbm

recram, c nomowbro Koropbrx uposowircH onemca ralcifx noica3arenefi noun-

maims ups grel1H11 MTH ayinsponaw4H, KaK ROJIHOTa, rny6HHa, TOt1HOCTb,

orgerrnmocrb H Apyrkie. YKa3alwas onenKa Hmeer KOCBeHHIai xapalcrep,

-lax Kai( crenenb HOMO/1MM MOX(HO ycraHosHrb TOJIbK0 110CpeACTBOM

Kalcoli-ro npyrois xtenrenbHocrH, HanpHmep, nepecKaaa, orseros Ha sonpocbi

r.n. Crenenb onocpenosannocrH Hanmenbman, ecrix nocne trrenag cnenyerHapHcosarb cxemy, noKa3arb nyrb no Kapre H Tn.. H HaH6onbwasi, ec.nn

3a ErreHHem nocnegyer, HanpHmep, nepecKa3 Ha TOM Ke HHOCTpaHHOM

113bIKe.Ilpil trremut 14 aywiposamw Hmeer mecro Taxan KommyHHKaiws, npx

Koropoil o6pamas CBH3b orpawitieHa. LIHraKmwe (cnyluarouwe) o6artwomoryr npn 14e06X041HMOCTH 3anpamm3arb ,flononnwrenbnys3 H4opmalano,

4T06b1 BbIlICHISTb oKotsiarenbno H 1TOCTOBepHO K0MMyHHKaTI4BH0e Hamepetwe

asropa; 41rratowie4 (cnymarounnA) no.nwtH nonararbcs iia cam crparent-gecKylo Komneremnuo npH pacKpbtrkm crabic.na CO06114e111151, HC110/1b3yA npx

3TOM MeXaHH3Mbl sepoSITHOcrnoro nporno3Hposalmli (KOHTeKciyanbHoil

flonoranKH) .

cpasHernno c Rynow Komnonewramir KK ponb crparermecKoiiKOMHeTe1111,11H npH 4TeHHH H aynsposaHHH 6o.nbwe scero =imams OTTaKOBOii ripH rosopemm. 0Ha 3akunot1aercs B CHOCO6H0CTH 111.0113.11e1iHR KOM-

MyHliKaTHBH1b1X namepenHil asropa coo6welms nyrem nocrpoeInts rHnore3o nocrosepnocm Toro HMI /MOTO icommynwcamsHoro namepenHA asropa.B TeCTe ponb 3T0T0 KorAnoHeHra KI< BbIABH5leTCA C 110M0111,b10 Bonpocos o6OCHOB11011 MbICJI11 reKcra, o6 o6wero conephcamw, o xone noKa3arenbcrsa

H Tst.,BscxypcHsHas KOMI1eTeHal4F1 (31K) ,ITCHHH H aympottainut npo-

ssnsercs B CHOCO6HOCTH y3HasanHs H HCHOT1b30BaH1411 WIlT crAbtcnosoil

nepepa6oncH Hwpopmalwx TeKCia paanwangx KOre3HBHb1X cpencrs, B TOM

tawne meAcuy npegnohcemomni H hieKny a63auamH. 31.iui BbIHRBeHHH AK

MOWHO Hcnonb3osarb Bonpocbi Ha onpenenenHe 1101114MaliHR crvisicno-

BMX CB naeil meKny ACHOTaTaM14 B npenMerno-reMallitieCKOit TpyKType

rexcra H ktexrry ypoimmval npenwcawm n norwco-cmbrcnosofi cipyKrype

Texcra.85

It

Ponb HnnoxyrHBHoil Komneremom (MK) rip irremm aymposammaaxmovaercx s cmixcnoBoil o6pa6orEce Hm4opmaw4H B petieBblx Bic-1.w( BCOOTBeTCTBHH C 14X 14.11110KyTHBHal C1411011, gro6bI packpbirb npenmerHoeconepxowie reiccra. B TeKCTe ponb 31010 Komnoneara BbIHEJIHeTCH C no-M01111,10 Bonpocos K CMbICROBbIM Bexam (xycKam), ic KniOtieBbim npennoxce-HHAM B csepxclwaaoBBIx ennHcrBax (COE), a rakoge no nommiamxo ocHoB-[MIX 43aKroB H 33.a.,:quxx geraneil rexcra.

Cou.HonHHrmicrwlecican Komneremma npx tireHHH H aymposamm nposu3-.11HeTCH B Bitne cnoco6nocnt yanaBanxn H 14C11011b30BaHHH cousonHHrrsHcrwle-CICHX 0 crHnHcrxliecxxx BapHaxml nexcloco-rpammarmecKxx H cboHonorx-tiecxxx cbopm rexcra ano cmmcnoBoil nepepa6orKH coBepxcawericn B HemHHcIpopmawm. CrpaHosegoecKaa xomnerenwix npH trremni H awmpoBaHHHnposianne-co B mine CHOCO6HOCT14 y3HaBaHH11H mirepnperawm crpaHoBemlec-Koii H 111411rBocTpaHoBem4ecKoil 11H4.10pMail,HH retccra. Uociewnw KOMHOHe11-Tb1 KK BbIHBJIHIOTCH B OCHOBHOM Ha ypoime npennoxcelum H a63ana (COE).

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8 8

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7. Yraepwnenne (nturepnperannn) c 3a-BepWCHHCM no TMB

co CKO

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9 1

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Haniankte xpwrepnen

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4. Tpanc4zopmalum-napa4spa3m uoconemicannto

5. PeclzepaT (cao6onniatl ;um nosagannomy nnany)

6. ilacbmeunoe HBHOA(CHHe conep-?num (cao6onnoe HMI no za-ua)Dnomy nnany)

7. IlparmaTmcctcne Team (nacTun-HM11 UHRTBHT H KonnTecT)

p M e It a it e: Kpw-tepttants4 oactiKtt itHcbma mom 6mTB: 13 npasonucame,14 nynxTyatnin, 15 nexcnKa, 16 rpammannca, 17 npnmcpnan norm npaannuusncpcnaufm.x GICIBKTOB, 18 Ilonitom H lipaskmbHocTb nepeThatm OgHOBHblx twat, Nthicnett

ti tn., 19 ouenxa za conepwanne, 20 - onenxa sa oprannsanpuo H3HOWCHHH H /v.

0171H1041-CHIAlb1MH npH3HaKarvm nparmarageemix Tecroa ABMIIOTCH TO,111-0: B HID( ymemAueHa H36brrolm0on HHctlopmaLtHH; 2) ouii Tpe6y1OT HC-11011b30BaHHA oepoHrHocrHoro rrporHo3HpoHaHHa Kai< Ha 3/posHe MIIKpOKOH-TeKCTa (npeAnoweims, CHHTal-Mbl), ni< H Ha ypoime WHIN- H maxpoxoH-TeKera (C(N E 14 TeKCia); 3) 01414 BBH SI 10TCF1 14HTerpaTHBHb1MH, noetconfacy:a) Tpe6y1OT HOHHMaH1451 H MbICJIHTCH taHbIX onepamol KaK Ha yporme rmtxpo-KOHTel.:Cra, Tal( H Ha yponne maKpoKOHTeKcra, 6) 6ygytix TeCTaMil nomma-Mfg, 01111 nposepator Talon neKcHKo-rpammameeNHe H 4OHOHOL-H4eCK14-rpaeponormeacHe HaBb11:14, Hawn!, M pa,a, Apyna cnoco6nocrefi, 6naroxtapa

91'

9

1 01

nemy peaynbramx nparmamtrecxay. Tema zmelor Becb xopornro Koppe-nnumo c cympaapmnnm pe31/31bTaTa MB 1:0MTLrie:CCHI,IX TeCTOB, T.e. SIBIDHOTCHrecramn oftero yponan anan,euna ;AFL

TharmaIntiecKwym Tecramli Ha3MBaTOTCH Tecrtt Tuna Kn0y3 (TTK)ZI,Incra neKoropme npyrxe (cm. Ta 611. 27). TaKoe uaxialute Tan 3THM Tec-ram ii)K. Onnep-wm. [136] , mum, B 3THX. TecTax mcnonb3yeTen Mexa-M13M (frammannca) B epORTHO CTHO CO npoln03nponalinf: (expect ancygrammar). B. CnonbcKH [153] Haman 3Th TeCTM Tecramn yrdenbmeunoilH35bITOILHOCTH InKl)opmaumi (reduced redundancy test).

fipmemmume B Ta6nmte 27 pa3HOBHWIOMI nparmaxwiecKmx recTounnlepsuor B OCHOBHOM peuernmalime H peripogyKimnbIe nanbum H ymeima.Tonwo u cariae TUC co CRO zpe6yiarca Talon neKoropme BpOpy1CTIMHMCHaBbIKH. 06-belabi recTnponalmn B nparmaninecKax recTax Bbypawenb! He-tienco, 3arpynoney HX HCHOHb30Baillie B gvtartiocmtiecKgx

nparroarmecKHeL TeCTM HMOIOT npaonbno stacoKylo crenenb ICOMMyliii-iCal.HBHOCTU Maronapn AOCTaT041I0 ayrewomofi arryaunn H 3Hat4HrefloHoilBOHM MaKpoiCOHTeKCIHBIX 3aAaHHii. 13 peaimuoil ACH3I111 HHOTHa TaKve ny-ze_noBOCHNHHMaTh c000mennn ua clpoue myma (.06-5513ECHHP. na BOK3alle, nepero-sop,' npn ncmcnpannocrn ren4ona KOMMyHHKaThsHOCIII

MO)KHO yBefHPIHTI, nyrem uenenanpaunennorosIAGopa nmirnmcnrgec::nx 3rle-MeHT03 teKcra. npenxa3natiembix sjisi noceTanonnem,mipenpop,yKu,nn raxn,4o5pa3o1, 9ro5;_,I omi Malcciimariblio npeAcraii.rr,uni Cy6NOMHOHCHTbI 14 :COM-noffeHTM K1C.

061e iapaicre2Hnmicn

!la3thwmc ,r2a..rma-

Te.:10E1

Xv.uvrcpTerxra

Tatiuma 27ocHoantzx ao npacmanNecmcc Tecros

CriccoGyme.ibuionLa

LUU (aagalyNta)

Ka;lan soC-ni

r.ks7.31t:iTCCT!!1)3't'MOPO

11.11;11Cf:IfIr 2pe.u.T3oemui,Tel<CT

ecabili LUr4

pa2no1 :iniz.:;-cAyxouort Har:%caTme

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2. ,latimtilw1 arm- r!eCKol1 b:,0 nponycK C11013, enyNoaoyl/apu- :13:1qcavuz a npo-

CO CKOno TM13

Teiccrou (ban, iipexto-iKel!Ilil

TenbVI.Iit nycl(t yeRbuinu-lioeo

3. ammEIT CO KOpOlKIiii nayaLL cayxo:Joil Hamicauma ycmbr-

CKO no Tel:CT 100 ulamthix qacreri

1 NIB MOB TCK(..-ta

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XapaKrcpTexem

4. 131KKTZLHT-Co-

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S. KOHHTCCT CO Tel:CTCICO (o3n3y-anbH 1,1;i HM:<-

TWIT )9

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H36bITO,ZHO- BOC, ,deAc-.-nan

CTH HHCPOrMa- npnsrnm iccrupyemo:unn (Engwyma)

113Y3b1 icnyxonoi.

nay 31.I 3TH4TeTILHI,V.i

gpoOarrxenue

IreChNIcHHOe H3-.0-we.tine ycnkathalt-

I noa.

6. Ayanox.noya- ICICCT

-MCI CO Ci:Cnnn no TN? B

7. Tczr THIlaKhOy3 co CEO CHOBIfflhl no Pia

nponycRnGyNn.CHOD, C.10%O.CO4CTBICHP

HaTIP1HIC yB11-

1 n.enni,o; gam ftTi.m e:ra

I cm xoncrt Han acami.... minneaocralo-

IMIX CZOLt Texcra

350 nponymn HaiTHCBH:Se itrat

cnon em6e3 nenocrazo-atax C.30B TeKeTa

300 nponycNn ;3pure1bitmA I1C,110-

cno a, 3aaan1 CTil101ite a yam'ncpeag u no- c:IonaClICHHHH (nun ITOBI.K0 rrep-:lap) 6yKlabe

2COpOT.:17:1 nponycxn 3pHTCHSH1,111 I:a:raw:14c

TCKCL 200 cnor.. ncpnaa cvnonwii liacrts

e;ICHS HOBOBHICI CJ1OB

3:1gal:a

C. B-iC1lOy3-TeCTco CEO u cnonliffii<ntt 13-TeCi

9. C-Niloya-Tccrco CEO

10. TCCT noGyx- Icoporvae:BCIIHUFO HOC- TCHCT

ClaHOBHCHHHTCHeTa

nenonHblh 3pHTCHI,HUi1

TCKCT

yrai..a,n3a:rm cn 311icKcla IIO GyKtam

11. IlaCTHIVIT,ItiWin HOHHI.In

Het:WHOA 6e3cnonapn coCEO HIM noTM B

12. Tccr penaK-Tnponanms(c:oze-clicictest)

TCHCT

TCKeT 300clon

HC3HBKOMbie 3pHTCHI,Hb14

CHOU, HCCOOT-BaCTBHH.

BeposimoCTHO:npornc3np0nanncHC3HaKOMMX CHOB

H ncpcnoa

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noAxolin Inge mo. C.1013

Arm ;Jammu)KOHTCHCT3

CHOB3

1),131W

8.2. AHKTAHT

AIIKTaHT KaK IIpHeM 06T1e111151 H KOHTNIISI liaBBIKOB 14 yMeHHÜ aymipo-Hamm H npanornicauHR 113i:wenn co HpemeH Apermero PHma. 3aTersi on nepe-NGUI 2-3 nepHoga npormeratnra c 70-x romn cHoaa HcnonbsyeTcH xaxHirrerpannsHbul TeCT aymiponamin. wimpyeT OKOJIO 40 pa6orno B;14KTaHTy [154] . P. nano [127] oTpuran 3HatreHrie gliKTaHTa WISI Teem-porsaHHH, ctrwran, B HeM Hee cnona H (lx)pmbI sanaHbr, a cam ,n,HxraHTtiepectlyp cnoweH H He344eicrinseH. Orrna Ho Onnep-mn. H npyrHe [135;138; 109] noxa3anH, 11TO C HOMOUIMO 11,11KTaHTa MOWHO Ha AeNCHO HsmeprrrhnonHmairue ripH ayrurposaHHH H ypoBeHb o6urero Hnanermn HHocrpanHbrmSL3bIKOM. 0,11KTaHT BKJ1101.1eH B COCTaB pip CTaHgapT1130BaHHbIX TeCTOB, a BTecr CIIEll [155] namce H mute 'recta no TMB.

B xorle runaaHTa TecrHpyembrm Tprocrua IlpegbilBJ1/110T TeKCT B HOp-MaJlbHOM Temne rpomxoro ilTeHH5I. Bo spemn wroporo npenimsneHHH 'oxen

onperrenemnax mecTax wenarorcn nay3br, 33 TegeHHe xoTophix TecTiwyemble3anncuwafor ycnbnuamme Cel-MeHTM (14acm Texcra me)f(ny psymn naysamx).Bo wpema TpeThero npegbawneHHR Texcra mime AenaloTen nay3bI nisHmepHos Ana pa3a Kopotle Ann nposepIcH sararcH H Hcripartneaun 01111160x. Cermell-TaMH cnywar ROTHReCKH 3asepinembre OTpe3KH Texcra. Konmecmo CHOBB CerMeHTaX 130 MHOTOM onpeaensier Tpyn mem mucTairra gym TaHnoro 1(011-THHTeHra. 06b1,1H0 3T0 7-12 GROB, HO r. 1.1,11K0 [102] pexomennye.: nocTe-nemo yHenHtufsam HHH CerMeHTOB C 3-4 MOB AO 20-22 CJI0B.

A11I4TenbHOCTb nays H ceHyanax onpenenneTcn nenermem xnarm,3 cer-MCHT013 B netiarindx 3Haxax Ha Asa npri BTOpOM upeirbHaneHHH 11 Ha IIHT13npH Tpemem nperrbnaneHHH TexcTa. liro6ra nocrwm Taxa WIHTelIbHOCT14,TeCTlipy1OLIIHA mower rwaxmbi 1106yKBeliHO npovecm npo ce6n MBAR cer-meHT, a 3aTem nponorman rpomxoe trreme cnenytoutero cermeura TeHcra.

Ouerucy Alumina MONCHO 11p0H3BoW1Tb HeCKOJIbICHMH C110C06amx:1) rum:di:tan KOJIWIeCTBO npananbno HaIIHCaHHIAX CJI013 6ann 3a OP,H0CTIOB0); 2) yglablBasi KOJIHtleCTBO 6e30111H604Hblx CerMeHTOB 11p11 HX yne-nipumalouregcn nrnme [102] ; 3) npHinimaH no HHHmaHHe HonmecTaoneHanco-rpammarmeciorx H cemaHrwrecxxx ount6oK, a Talotce nponycHon(Ho He oLuH6oK nparsonHcaHHH) . r. 1.111K0 oTmemaeT, LITO non,ctseT pe3ynbra-TOB 110 npararnbmam cermeHram ycHopneT nporrecc nportepHH TBIKTaHTOBB 3-4 pa3a. KOppenfIghft me)Icny pe3ynbraramH nposepox JII1KTaHTOB He-CKOJIbK14X peirrepos o6bItmo 6onee 0,90 [146; 851 , t1TO npepnonaraerxopouro nponymaHHyro npouewypy orretrartanHn IIHKTaHTOB.

AIIKIaHT Ha clsolle wyma H AN(Tal1T-0011HHellHe (KOM6111111p0BatHilaTeCT nocne 11pOCJIYHIlillaH11/1 TexCra TeCTHpyemble IIHUIYT H3110)Ke/114e)maim pacnpocrpaneHbl, H o6 Hx Kagecmax mano H3BeCTHO. Bonee nepcnex-T141111131M Ka)KeTCJ1 4acmqnbIH AVIKTaIIT [61] , coverarouutil AHKTalIT t4 TTK.B HarlevarailHom TeKCTe O11yItIeHb1 HperVIONCe11}1/4 MI{ }ix 11aCTI1, KOTOpbleHymolo 130CCTallOBHTb, onHpancb Ha 0/1110KpaTHOe CJIYX0B0e BOCITHATHCTeKeTa. fipOnyCKH B TeKCTe nyluue nomecTirrb 6.3apice 1< Homy npennoxce-HHil. qaCTW4Hbrii JIHKTaHT IlytILUe 11011XOTOBVITb no pe3ynbTaTam onpo6orta-102

HHH mncraHra, Koropoe 1103BOThieT BUR Blab npsennemme nponycKH c yqe-Tom xx rpygHocrH H icommymucanumoro noreauHana (Konmecma H xapax-repa rpe6yemblx KOMTIOHeHTOB KK).

lb cpasHemoo .c recrom no aygHpoBaHmo Amami' Hmeer cnegynoumenpemmymecr.Ba: 66nbturo creneub HenocpencrBeHHocrx Hamepemis (HerBonpocoB, npocb6 mna occl)opmymtpyilre ocHosHylo MbICHb...)) H T.I1.),

66nbzuro creneHb '<Om lasucarHBHocrH (6onee ayreHrman cHryagHB),[Tonle H 6bICTpee MOWHO II0P,TOTOBHTb H npoBecrH runcrax.r. K Hegocrar-Kam gmcrarra OTHOCHTCII rpyxkoen4xocrb, Cy&beKTHBHOCTb H npo6nem-

HOCTb uposeplcH H ogemcH, CHONCHOCTb HHrepnperaum H HeCOIIOCTaBHMOCTbpesynbraros pasublx MIKTalITOB, 6onee cnow,Hme CTaTIICTIMCKHe KpwrepaH,TIOCKOHbKY HeT ognopasndepHocrH pesynbraroB rem H HeKoropme </saga-HMO sasHcHT OT ycneumoCTII pewemm npegmecrBylomax e3aP,aHliriN

oco6ernio B cnyqae qacrwmoro mucraffra. flocriewsifi nosrionner 11C110311,30BaTb 60Bee WIHHHbIe TeKCTbI, ino yBena4HBaer BO3MO)KHOCTH Bb160pa reocraH crenem KOMM3,1131KaTHBHOCTH recra. Or6op rexera 11p0H3BOAHTCH aHano-

TIPM0 or6opy TeKCTa Ann peqesbrx TeCTOB.

8.3. AY,E11/10K510Y3-TECTBI

Aymloicnoys-recranm (AKT) Inme Hasbmalorcs aymmumble reamsoccratioBneHHa (ream lima KnOy3), B KOTOpbIX B aygHoretccre npony-liteHbT cn643a, Koropue recrHpyemble ROMKHbl BOCCTaHOBHTb BO Bpema naysBroporo wrenrol aymioreiccra [42; 160; 43; 331 . Mecra nponycKon yKa3m-Batotcn H BO BpeMS1 nepaoro 'ITeH1111 rescra. X. Ten/mm.1pH [160] npegna-raer Hcnonbsosarb B AKT war-nnTepnan mewny nponycKamn B 15 C110B

H TIAer ronbxo 4 ceicylmm Ha sanonneHHe nponycKa. B 3KcnepwaltraxTF114 spems1 nay3 nprannocb ynenwon3aTb go 7-8 celcylin, wro6bI recropy-emble ycnenarm 3ankwarb CKO, H go 12 cekcyHg Ann sagamlii no TMB.

B Trivt nponenenbI nnnoramcnble 3Kcnepomenrbi c AKT WIH BbIfICHeMinponn rpymiocrH TeKCTa (no 3 nencnx If TpYT1HbIX TeKCTa), mara mewn,ynponycicanm H num orBeroB (CRO HnH TMB). Pesynbrarbi onbrroB B ra6-mme 28 noxasbmaior, LITO cocrasneHHbIe AKT oKasanHcb nem onrH-

MaTibliOr0 (reKcrbi win VIII Knacca). Tpynnocil TeKcra (no Luna6enbnocrnH npouewry HC), war H THII orsera OKa3bIBaIOT nplusapno 0,11,HHaKOBOe He

Ogelth CHTII3H0e BillIHIIHe Ha pesynbrar AKT. Onnimanbubni mar: 10-14 cnoB,r.e. B cpegnero owm nponycic B owiom npennoNcemln. B cnyvae AKT co CROTpywio HCKJ110414Tb ocorpyg,HmecrsoD cHgnumx psgomrecrHpyemblx, sra >senpo6nenia Bosmixaer H B cnytiae poncraHra.

CpallIiHTenbH0 HH3KHe K0344H11,11eHTb1 Roppensmmt B Ta6t1H11e 28 CBH-

3aHb1 C MaT1b1M K0.111111eCTBOM sagamni a AKT (Tko 24 ripH ware 13 8 cnon), CIIX nepBbin.4 onpo6oBaHHeni H C 6onbwert P0/1b10 UM0TH B AKT. B AKT coCRO 6011bILIe 3aBHCIIMOCTb OT 110TIVIeCK011 (sanommialme TeKCTOB), acce-itHaTHIsHoil H KparncospemeHHoil sep6anb0o1 namarH, a B AKT no TMB

6on bwe pon b mexaunnecKoil, normecKofi , Kpancorsperniniai H onepanumoil(sanonumaime i.m4p) naMAT/1.

1 95103

Yeay:lbrarbt onpoi5oBaulili aymtorcnoya-reeroB(rpyrmbi no SO neppoitypcmucoe TIM)

11pougHT npanimbHblx orBeron npm mareMeway aponycKaroH:rlaparvicrpm

TI:eiaut4a 28

8 c..loaT 16 cmos 1 24 CI101331

Iktrmlin rt..KLT. CKO 66 177

I

81

ATMB 85 891

Txy,s,ublift rexci, ("1:0 f 4 67TM B 65 S6 1 91

---iKo4ttmuwePr goppennumi ,.. pc3y.abraTom 1

Tecra H1A-83, AKT co (1K0 0.57 0,61 it 0,60co TMB 0.46 0,60 I 0,57

i

nnwparrype 021; 901 npuuenenbr Tram-1w o cpannwrensno eSICOKOcii.oppennuim (0,70 -0,80) mencny pe3ynbraramx reciou yeTnoii peqn H AKTco CK0 ira ocnose TCKCTOB nnanornvecKon peu (npnroepbi npnueneum). BoGomx cramp% ymamieaeren, 11TO Her cyweemeimoh pa3innthl npil noxlierep?..vnbTarOB 110 TOLIIIIHM COOTBCTCTBIIHM (T.C. HO cnouam opnrunana) 11.11H7,3 S.(1111 eweryanimo no,Ixoasiwycns CKO. 3ro yenHOBJICHO H 11 car-we Elif3y-a3bfiblx FTK.

F.4. PA3H0B14,11.10CTII BH3YA.1.11311b1X TECTOB TurIA It:nOr3

Cinwie B 1897 r. uemewdul ncnxonor X. 366Harxayc11 pe1/10.MUI IJ1B 011pLACH0HH3 yMCTBCH11011) pa3BIITHSI Audi Tecr, Ha3BaHHMI711ICZKOHbK0 no3)Ke ICCTOM aauepluennn. B 310M Tecre B cpennero ra:KacetieTseproe :mono Tex-cra fibino 3an.annem-nponyc1om, Noropoe nywno 61,111013.'CCTIIH0BHT13 [115] . iio3Ke. nocne neprioR MHp0BOH BOilH111, MeT013,11CTMCraJllc ncnonb300arb nponycKu B 143011Hp0BaHHM 11pCWIOMIIHAX H P.

MC111,111CH CTCI1CHH Lurn Konrponn.

12 1053 r. 3. Tennop [159] npegnoxdin IICI10.111,30BaTI, TaK HaThIBaCMMCK.1.0y3-TCCTb1 11.1171 011pC1CI1e1114/1 lu4Ta6enbuocrn TCKCT013, a B 1956 r ii 13;in.ycfanounenusi HaBIHKOB 1.1 yMCllhdl Lrrennn ira ponnom amme. Tepronn Bkno-y,Tccrg OH or-Taxman OT anranficKoro cnoua ci3surc 3a1Cphirue, c.mbacauue.

repromu IICHOBb30BalICH u natrane XX nexa B rellITailbT-IICHICOROrHH Winycnnonneuun cuoco6nocru yunMerb B u3o6pammin npenmeTa c newel-ato-m:x.3i neTanonnt otlepTannn Renocmoro npeumera. Oiciona n nepexonTo;AKEy 111.111. Terouna doze procedure aoccralwalcuue ucaoc..alou4ux aze-.tcti irk-era.164

ii pyecitom 5i3b1Ke CCU+ HCCKOHLKO aRBHBajlaITOB Tepxinna (cKnoya-Te;T:),

naniximep, noncTanonogninil TecT, Teel- (yierognka) ilimomienng [62] recrBOCOT3H0BTIr HIM [71 I . B ok51311 C p,OBOJIMIO 150.HbUIHM 414CHOM MCW,H4H1Katiffri

(cm. radn. 29) Knoy3-TeCTOB HHACC HCHOM1.3y1OTCH Tepv limb} OTeCT mina

Knoy.i)) (TTK) win omoya-TecTv. 13 npenonanannn TTK mcno.maytoTcoB OCHOBHOM M. oripengneling oangro yponng }mangling HSI, 3 Vuor;laTaK>Ke B KagecTBe Tecia HO irrenino. 1.4nurga nonytmorca infinne K034414UP-

ef1Thl KOppellatIHH Niewny peaynbrarainn TTK H npyrnx BHDOB TeCTOB (.8 TOM

tuTc.ne no HICHH10). Fio-nnanmorviy, Tro nponcxonTu wa-aa anaiimem,noft aann-CHMOCTV KagecTs TTK OT xapaxrepnemn Tend:RI, OT Henonnoro ncnonli3ona-HHII OplIHUBO0L Waal:MCI-MR TTK 1 OT TOM, Luro TTISjpe6yeT UT Te.,2TErye-nowc pal:HittHbrX HaBMKOB H ymennii, CyCiKOMHOHeHTOB H KOMHOUCHTOB K.

Taloke psTlya criocoCinocies1 H paarn4Immx Bnpon

utw

11..)143(axn 7:13511191i blx momf [InIxau MI 71.4:

1 N:14-mima..-.b-

:

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Xaryt.crepI.U..ira

np011y CKO 3

Crewn41 i

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3 C:101:LIX !

,

5.6.7

6-10

7-12

Tun rk.v.v.,ter1

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1 3KF1C

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npori;::::on

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3. Kommynuxa- CK0THISHO-OpHelt- 1131{111,1A KIIC

Tnposamias:nm6opxa

4. C-TCCV (NO I 04xcHpo- ! 70 100

: 3azinbiA 1iI5. E- Tea 11 CKO

i

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3-6

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16. Kom6nimpo- OW neotxxempo- 4-8 TO 60

nainitatt (046-1 naltimin KUC

KIM 07.17.3.14,5)

1

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Ha3BaHHe TTK TunOTECTB

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riponycKoB

CpegHHR

marB Cliosax

Tun noHcgera(nposepxu

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Mu Human},

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7. TecT pegatc-Impoaam4H

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itec/mxdtpo-naintbIB

5-10 50

3aAamw-nponycKH COCTaB:15110TCH B cnyqae KnaccHqemcoro TTK meNa-HHileCICHM H3aneyeimem H3 rexcia Kaxatoro n-ro, HanpHmep, xaxcnoro 5, 6,7-ro H T.. cnona, H nposepica pe3ynbraroa TTK no CKO Ha HagaribHom Ifcpenxem yporme HOUOTOBKH no 14F1 recrHpyemmx ocywecrannercn no CTIO-Ham, rotwo connagalouwm co cnoBamH opium-m.11a (TC), a Ha 6onee BbICO-KOM yporsHe ROgrOTOBKH HO KOHTeKeTy8J1bH0 HOAXOWILLtHM cnoBam (KFIC).

3xcnepHmenranb110 ,L1OK a3aHO, 4T0 pe3ynbrarbl TTK, nponeperwme nomercw,Hice TC If KHC, IIMCIOT ()With 131,1COKy10 icoppennuwo, r.e. B3aHM3-3aMeHHemai.

HerkocrarKH xnaccmecxxx ITK. KnaccmeckcHil TTK, orwaxo, ;menPHA 6onbumx HenocrarKoH:

1) liponycKH nonanakor 13 10-20 % cnyqaes Ha CTIIIIIIKOM rpyrwble cno-na (w4pm, HmeHa co6crBeHHme H rtpynie) , xoropme He MOUT yrapnb TkamHOCHTeflH B3MKB, H 1103TOMy otieHb pewco nonyqaercn CTOIVOIteHTHblii pe-3ynbraT BMBOsIlieltH51 TTK.

2) Hirrepaan mexcny nponycicamm (war) H Toluca (cnoso) Hallamorcqera nponycicos b4oryr BTHISITI) Ha crpyKrypy tlaCiefl pe-IH B nponycKaxraxHm o6pa3om, tyro He o6pa3yercn ;ix cnylacima abi6opxa, y icoropoii6bmo 6b1 COOTHULUelfite 3/C, 6mokoe K COOTHOIlle111110 3/C BO BUM retccreH B 513MKe.

flepen or6opom TeKCTOB B rem ATYKHOY3-86 6mn npoaerkem BH3.31H3Ha DBM 24 TeKCTOB Harmo-nonynapna H Harmo-rexlmqectoact upon!. Bapb-npoHanHcb war (2-8 cacH3) H Het H03moNcHble 35 rotreac Hatiana orcqera upo-nycxon. B cpewlem B 40 % cnyqaea OTK.11011eHlte coorHoweima 3nameHarenb-IlbIX H cnymce61m1x cnon (3/C) BbILL1110 3a npe,..tenbl ± 5 % rexcroaoro COOT-BOLL:WIWI 3/C (061,14HO )TO 6131/10 Me)KBy npHmepHo' 65 : 35 H 55 :45). Flo-CK011bKy 3KCIlepHMeliT3T1bH0 ycrauonneHo, gro qacim pew HMeIOT pa3Hyierpywiocrb B nponycxax TTK, TO rum nonytIenHa TTK c Acenaembmw napa-meTpamH (rpywrocrb, H gp.) Heo6xorwmo 11aCTI11010 HBH HOTIHOCTbi0oricaaarben OT crporo 41HKCI4pOBallIfOr0 wara nponycicoa.

3) TperbHm He,nocrarKom TTK ZI3MieTCH HX 6onbwan o6wan Tpygnocrb.Pe3yribTaT 50 % npawobliblx oTBeTOB Ha By3OBCK0m ypowie TIOATOTOBKH

106 .1. (1 3

npH cpegHeii TpyH,HocTH TexeTa cnegyeT C4HTall XtOCTaTO,B10 xopouno44 pe-

3y1IbT2TOM. ausalco Hardn 3KCITepilMeHTaIMHO ycTaHoHneHo, 41.0 earni Tpyg-

HOCTb TTK tame 40 %, To cpengHii Tecmpyemblii 6y1eT pa6oTarb TOBbK0

Ha yposHe nexcluco-rpammaTHgeoctax HaBMKOB B npegenax HeCICOIlbKHX

CAOB AO H Hoc le nponycKoH; HH 3TOM He HCROMIVIOTCH npogeccm noHH-

MaIIIIII H mexammina BepORTHOCTHOTO nporHo3Hposam:HH, a nosainHeTcH

Hexast CHOCO5HOCTI, FICTIOBb30BaTb noKanblipo noncica3xy H noicanbHpo1436bITO4HOCTb H4opmau,m4. IlpH Taxoil pa6oTe 3amento yxyginaeTcH HH-

repec H moTHsaana TecTHpyeroux.TTK craHoHHTCH nerie Ha 20-25 % (cm. pHc. 14) H curiae HCHOIlb30-

BaHHH 3agaHHil-nponycxos HO TMB. 06bmo cimaeTcH, 4TO 3TO yxce HeTTK. Haum 3Kcneplimenrbr C OAHHaKOBBIMH Texcramn H xonmgyreHTarAHpca3mnaloT Ha TO, 4TO TTK no TMB o6nagaei HcerAH nagecraanot TTK,npxnervi ecnx OH HreteeT TpygHocTb lame 40 %, To HOSIBMACTCH Bbnueyxa3aH-

Hoe Haneme «csepxrpygHocuo. B itaKropnom aHarnoe pe3ynbTa..-oH TTKrorna renepanhithm cl3amopom CraHOBHTCH HMCo To 42faxTopa o6wei-ri ypolnia

anagernm HSI HeICOTOpial Knoy34alcTop Ha ocHose ymeHmil aHa.T.-.H3a 6nH3-

newaunix K nponycKy cnon x cnosocolleTaHHA. Koppensnum meKny TTK co

CKO n no TMB COCIBM1U1 B oxcnepknuenrax THH [32] B cpennem 0,60(10 namepeimii c TexcTarqH; conocTaHnsumcb napta c ogHHatcosbnal ICOH-

mnrerrrarAH, 014HaKOBMM 143HKCHp0Bal-EHMM marom B 6 cnon).

TpyAnocrs (mai:mm.1mm orseTOB)

70 C-TeCTUK no TM B

60 r

1-146KHil .6-TeCT

50 Knacamecxx11TTK

40

300 2 4 6 8 10 12

PHC. 14. Conocranwrentaan Tpyanocn. panux 'ninon UK (ycpen;HennueHainan 4 Tel<CTOB H 6 KOHTHHI"CHTOB no 50 crynarron, ypatitnetnimx no pe-

3ynb1aTam Tem HTA-83).

C-TeCT H B-TeCT. Hepocrancos KnaccHgectcHx. TTK 1103BOTIFICT yCTpa-

}MTh C-TecT, KoTopbul npegnoxcHnn It 1981 r. aanannorepmancKne rienmeY. Paaru H K. Knaiin-Bpendi 1143] . B nom rem B Ka)Knom Broposi clone

107

-rei;cra npoilymena nropasi nonoPmm enona. LC51U B cnoze Ficarnoe 4tIC.406yKa, TO riponycKaercsi 545.1bwasi qacm 6yic. ECHH C.10130 COCTOHT H3

6yKsm, To nponycizacTur nononnHa cnegyloulero cnona (gaa 3axtaHHHnoz,pga). TIN THO nponepype o6ecnegena npencranwrenbnair nm6opIcaBC,X JIBHISHCTHLIECKHX IlemenToB Ha Nnixpo- H Maxpoyponnax, HOT npo6-31CM C Luarom, Hatia.TIOM oTc;e-ra nponycxoB, noncgeTom pe3yribraroBTOBL,K0 TC. icoroptA BoymeTcv 06bCKTHBHBIM. Ylnrrbmam-rca TOBBKO TOMOBOCCIaHOBReHlible CHOBa. Mnu llmanbnoe KOHNtieCTBO aanankni 100.

Iong42111: ang eft C-TecTa rain neTCA BpeW10 >Kelm WA aBTO pc, B -TeCT (OTcn('aa ,6yKsaD) [125] , npm NoTopom war yBCJIHtleff AO 3-4 H B Kaw,r1omcnoBe-nponycKe yKaaafia nein:tan 6yKaa. ilpenmytnecTaom E-Tecra npnneTcamemmuan nogma3Ka c coxpanemiem a 6onbnifincrne cnyqaes o6beicrxsnocninorn-qe-ra pe3ynuraron, a laicxce BO3MO)KHOCTI. HC110:1630Ballmt necKonbKo6once WTHHIMIX TeKCTOB. Rpome T0f0. nru ware B 3-4 cnona HMECTCH 60Bb-we cao6ogm nm6opa cnoaa-nponycK.a. nocxonmq II a C-TeCTe HBOTT-ta>KenaTenmio H36eram CHHILIKOM BerKkix CBOB i Ciloa C HMCHaMH CO6CTBCH-HLIMH, naramx, u,ncippaNtx, nusainisimit n T.H lipH arum coxpanRercn, c on-

crop:Aim, ismLoKas 3KOHOMH4HOCTb. a c Apyroil c-roponm, HeCKOBbK0ymenbuieno xonmecrno aagatElf.

B Trim nponegena COBOCTaBliTeHbHaff BCCX ktoAnctaxad,niiTTK [31; 125] . OCHOBHBIM pe..-:,ynbTxrDM :)TOI 0 HccHegoaanHa ABTIFIETCHBIABOB 0 TOM, 4T0 no o6w.emy xapalcrepy C-TECT B-TeCT He OTHH4a1OTCH OT

xnaccwiecKoro TTK.kax BHAHO H3 BaHabIX pec. 14, apa tipoakix pannmx ycnonitax Tpygliee

acero fulaccligecKng TTK co CRO H acme acero C-recT. Koac]xlmumeartaKoppenamm C pe2ymbTarama recra HTA-83 amelor ot5parmail nopsmox:Blame y Knaccalleacoro TTK (0,75-0,85) H mace y C-recra (0,6-0,7).11NiyEenattemal umra Koppenaima Taxace yBeHH4HBaCTCH y C-Tecza (mar 2mtamto memaer tionee CH.41,11011 4aCTH IconnairenTa), a y B-TecTa H Knaccit-qecKoro TTK HeMHOTO na,Raer. IlaTteactiocrb y acex momictatxamet nopamca0,80-0,85. ECHH TeKCT mom Tpyx-imri, TO Tpy,RHOCTb C-TeCTa mom moweroxa33TbC5i CBepxTpy,aposi.

Ile.neaappaanemtatt ut,I6opica nponycxos no npknumny, nanplimep,BK11104eHHH B TCCT TOJ1BKO 3namenaTernAimx CHOB HBH kurrywrionmii Tim76opnponycicon OKOBO MCCT no tacccapoammomy wary per TUC, xoToptact nocpamtetram C K.BaCCIFICCKHM TTK 06t1tuto HeCKOMKO nerge, BaJIHAHeeaaaeamee, nomorthicy B HEM MeHbIlie CHHLUKOM nerxxx H CHIMIKOM Tpy,0,-HbIX 3ana1udi-nponyeKOB C 11H3K0i1 mulx1)epenuapytonteii cnoco6ttocnto.

Bonee genecoo6pa3ablm npeAcroarifteTCR acnonbwaaatte npatratmaKOHTCKCTyallbHOCTH. COrilaCHO .yromy npattuony mut nponyexa or6apatorcaoaa H3 II H III rpylMbl no cner_tylomect xnaccaltmcatma: Boccratioartemienponymemoro morn 3aBHCHT B I rpynne OT nexcmco-rpammanmecxxxcasneil mexczky cnoaamx B cnoBocotieramisix. H clvaaax (Franpamep, apnnum,npeAnora ii tn.); BO II rpynne OT cemakamco-cHHTaiceHtiec-lam CBR3ek mewpy en0B0cOgeraHHAMH H 4aipa3aisAH B pamicax npeppowein4H(npnnaraTenbnme, napetnin H T.11.); a III rpynrie OT TIOHHMaHHH CMbIC.10-

108

V 0

iThIX CB11?.1III. 3a lip1Wnal.11; oprioro npcnna MOCT0141.:011,,q,

cyLkeannTenbnme i in.); B TV rpynne 07 1101-111Ma111411 60Hee OTBaJleliBbIX

11111, BI!CTC.KCTOBLIx CMbICHGBb1X CBR3e1i. . Eaxman F..61 11p1;130,314T :eopeTH-

i 3Kcnepiimenraobnce odocnonanne noro npnnuona uenenanpannen-

i:or: nbifiopx-n aponycicoa TTK.Pi3BOBHAHOCTbIO TTK c genenanpaanenaoi:! Bbi6opxoii nponycKon-3ap,a-

1111;:i =nem: "T r K , cocTaanemibul no npnannny KOMMyHHKaI1iBI10-0p1eHTH-

pai:::oro Bbl6opa noKanmawni 3agatatil TTK. Ho 3romy npnnumnyTTIz: Gynyr ;Hasa 113 nbuneyKa3annblx U n III rpynn, pici noecTanoa-

naknia Icoropbm Tpe6yeTen B03MONCH0 6011buree KOHIVIeCTBO pa3innx Koreino-

i-TTOB K. Mecramm 3anannii TTK cnenyer raime 131,1614pm CJI0B3, 14Me10-

LOW ;!CKcitnecicxkl noaTop, mnonnm, awromm H T.17. Icore3unwile cpeEkaria.

11)CTaHO3I1eHO, TpyrknocTb Tacky( 3aBat1l1ii BO 13Cex rimax TTK 3aBHCHT OT

pat:M-051MM (B cnonax) menly nosropsnownwmcn (amonnrwimbnon) BTeiccrc TTK csionalsw, onso 143 K0TOpb1X 3ananne (Ko34cly114enr Koppe-

;Tatum 0,70-0,80) [1251 .HKHM B-recro to, mu KOM6iilri4pOBaHHbIM TTK, nammaercn Taxa TTK,

t NoToporin a Namcgco.4 3aa1inin npcnnowcenc. nomoulb-nogcKa3Ka B bnine He-

CKanbKRX 6yKB B liaRalfe coona, nexonn 143 coenyanunx 111)14111114110B: 1) 6yKB

B nanane enoaa nonwno arm Kai< mown() menbuie, poano clonbKo, irroad06eCHe4HTb 011,H03HaRH0CTb V 0(73eKTHBHOCTb np0BepKH OTIleTOB (fieT apyr1IX

KOHTeKeTya.111,H4 11011X0B14W14) OTBeTOB C npenooacennbuyi HallaBOM C110Ba);

2) nepxwm npegcnom xonwtecrna nennnetiennbix 65,KB (KHB) Et mote AB-

rInercn nononwia coona, icalc s C-TecTe; 3) win I rpynnbi KonreiccryanbaoclbKHB = 0, r.e. 3ananne Ffmeer min 3ansnnn KnaccHtlecKoro TTK; win II III

rpynn KHB = 1 2 B 3aBHCHMOCTI4 or nepBoro nEnnnurna ki non ems IV

rpynnbr KHB = upu gernom tincnc Evcs x KHE =11-L--*. I iipi nenernom trot-2 2

ne 6yKB B =Be, rne n qocJlO 6yKB B C11013e, KaK B 341a111111X C-TeCTOB.

o6ecnetarrb onnumanbnyto Tpynoocib 3anannil (oKono 60 % Bpa-

B1411bHMX OTBCTOB), MO)KHO noene npegTecTa H3MeHHTb 1(9B; ()Ewa 6yKrta

1131.1eHACT Tpyg1HOCTb 3agalf1131 fla 10-15 % no gaffilbIM pnc. 14.Xopowo 3apexottiengonan ce6n penaKropcanril TeCT, B TCKCTe xoToporo

HMCIOTCA nonanie cnona, Koropbie I1yA(110 nariTn (nbuuteaTb). TaKal TeCT

HMeeTCR B comae crannaprnaonannoro rem TO30.11.B pxtyx occnenonaiwax [121; 90] noxa3anbl no3roonmocrit olkeniol

nashmon ycrnoct pew c nomolwao «yernoro)) TTK, nocrpoennoro Ha 6a3e

reKcra ThganormecKoii pew. A. Xmo3 [121] IICBOMb3OBM mar n 7, a

Bpayn [156] B 14 cnon. /(044)1411,14e1ITM KOppCHAII1114 C TeCTaMH

yeT/4011 pew 0,7 H 0,8 COOTBeTCTBEHHO yKa3b1BaR/T HA neaxonomocrbganbnectwero ncenenonanon B03mohalocreil ralcox Tema.

COMBJleliHe ?MUM ulna KrIoy3. ilpH cocrannetwn TTK B031114KBIOT

xalf o6ume npo6nermn nnampoBarnin (COOTBCTCTBIle xapaicrepa TTK uernm

06Y4CHHA, yp0111110 BO7IXOTO8K14 KOHTHIlreHTa H )01pyrlie), KOTOphle peulaIOTCS1

ITO o6wom HOHORCeHHAM 11. 5, Talc H cnemnImeockie npo6nembI oT6opa n

TeKCTa, Bb160pa 11 OCl/opwieimg BpOITYCKOB109

1[1pH or6ope rexcra BO3HKKBeT Bonpoc 0 3HaKomcme C rexcrom. Wena-renmio HCBOBb3OBBTb He3Haxommil rexcr, HO nponepxa noKa3ana, trrononropHoe nponewme TTK co CKO gepe3 He ;law nosbunaer pe3ynbrarTTK Ha 7-8 %. Flocne 6ernoro trremn retccra, Ha OCHOBe Koroporo count-neft TTK, pevnbrar TTK co CKO pacrer Ha 15-20%, ecnx xce mewl)/tneHHem H HOBTOpHMM TTK nepepbat cocrammer owly HeAemo, TO npxpocrCOCT31311HeT 10-15 %. Ecrm recmpyemme twrafor reKCT co cnosapem nepe,aBOBTOpHbIM TTK, TO npHpocr pe3ynbraron TTK CO CKO cocramwer 2532 % [31] . Ecrecimeano, trro B Etbawpmme ocralorcH recrHpyemme c Soneepa3Bwrok namwrmo. Yicanamthie )1311HMe ronopnr 0 TOM, LITO TTK co CKOmoxcHo HCHOBb30BaTb PAH npoHepicH Aomaumero gremm, a TTK no TMB B3TOM cnytme CHHWKOM nerxHil.

Li,BH ogetucH rpyn,HocrH TeKCTOB TTK ?HONCHO HCHOBb30BaTb K0344114H-ewr IBITB6eB6H0CTH One Ilia, nocKonmcy mewsny pe3ynbraramH TTK H tuna-6CJ1bHOCTbJO reKCra TTK 06Hapywe Ha KO ppeninutii 0,84 (14 TeK CTOB) ,a ratoKe oueHxa ,HonH (%) He3Halcommx CBOB, xoropaa Hmeer Koppensmmoc rpyp,Hocrmo TTK nopawca 0,65 [158] . OKowiarenbHoe pemewde o6or6ope rexcra MOWBO flpHHRT13 TOBMCO Ha OCHOBe 3.HartH33 BO3MOHCHMXnponycKort C TOtIKH 3peHaf1 }EX CTpyKTypb1 IlaCTeri petp4, He3nalcommx H

Tpy,QHMX GROB, crenemi KOHTeKCTyajlbHOCTH (rpynnm IIV) H KOMMYHH-KamBHOCTH.

aHamna crpylcrypm tiacreci petal H npyrmx acHetcron monwo cocra-BHTb nporpammy Ana 3BM, Koropan onpeAenner, Hanpmacp, mar H Hatanb-Hym rotucy wTH nonytieHHH TTIC c Hynoimmn noica3arenmAH. OTCLIet nponyc-NOB 06131,1H0 peKomemlyercH Hayman C nepsoro cnona wroporo-rperheronpennoweHHH rexcra. Ecnu ralloil nporpammm rr,rm 3BM Her, cnenyer pe-Mtn, Kaxoil war 6yrkeT HCHORb3OBBH, H Hecb TeKCT neperwcarb B mammyC KOHOHK3MH jini CHOB (14HCJI0 KOBOHOK parmo wary nporlycKon), trro6m/MIURA K0.170111(3 coornercrsonana nponycKam c owo TO4K0ii orctieranponycicon. TaKoe Harnsw,Hoe npen,cranneHHe KorAnneKron nponymon-3a1aturni oduergaer nogctier H cpaaHemie gaud! pew (o6mtmo cpanmma-IOTCH KOBH4eCTBO 3HameHaTeilbtIMX MOB H meCTOMMeiniii, He3113/COMbIXH rpymimx GROB H r.n.). IlpH HeneHanpannemia Bm6opice nponycKonyKa3aHHaH raft= nomoraer coamon,arb Hm6pamibul cpeAHMi mar.

He3HaKomme H wymime cnona nytnue He nponycKarb, HHatie mewnynponycKafrm moryr 6mm CKINATbIe nponycKH. mematowne KOBTeKCTyaBbHOriAoragxe. ECHH OCHOBH3K Henb IlK npoaepxa tireHHH, TO MO)KHO pa3pe-1.1111Tb HanHcarb OTBeTM Ha p0AHOM ft3bIKe.

COCTaBneHHe BbI6OpOLIHIAX OTBeTOB WM I H II rpynn 3anamni (nponyc-Kos) aHanormlio C MHKpOKOHTeKCTHMMH 3a3am1imH, ongaxo vecb cne-Ayer riecrb, MaKpOKOHTe/CCT MOHMT CHNbH0 HOBBHHTb Ha pe3ynbrarBOCCT3HOBBEHHH nponycKa. B o6parnom cmmcne cnoweu Bm6op ornneicalo-WHX ATISI 3anaHHA (nponyucon) 111 H IV rpynn, nocKonmcy mower o6Ha-pyhawarben Hewenaresibuasi nowca3Ka 6nHanexcameTO MHKpOKOHTeKCT3(3ana11He HaHCJICHO Ha nposeptcy HCBOBb30BaHHB maxpoKoHreiccryanbliblx

110 113

3anann TTK oci)oprAnniorcn 06b114H0 n mule tlepTutieK }um nyHKTHpHoil

muniefi, Ha KOTOpbtX HRH mewny KOTOpb1MH yKann Homep 3a,aamin. TeCTH-

pyembre InnnyT omerbi Ha OTBeTHOM nHcre.

9. COCTARTIEWIE TECTOB 110 YCTHOR PEgli

C ROM:3MM TecTOB nO ycTHOri penx (YP) oupeHennerca crenerib panol-

TOCTH Ha Hbacon H roeuxii rOnopeinin, H 3Th TeCTIA non,pa3Aenniorca Ha Tecrbi

no moHonorHnecKori (MP) 11 n,HanormecHoii penx (.ap). flocnengHe onto-

C5ITCS1 K KOm6HhlipObalarb1M TecTam, nocKonhxy C 11X 110MOinblo onpem-

nnerCH Taxxce 110HHmaHlte HpH cnymainni HanbucH H ymemin aymposaHHH.

TeCTIA 110 MP H BR MOryT OCHOBbIBaTbC8 HanoHrorosneHnoh H HenOnrOT08-

neliff0H petm. B nocnegimm cnynae Tpe6yercn peal:gm -- olner Ha Henocpen-

CTBe111-10 3aHaHHyko cHTyaiano (cTknoyn).Ansi cocTaBneHlor TeCTOB ri0 YP MOWHO ripHMCLIHTf, ogni-1 H3 Tpex 004

X07108 Tpa;11111H0M1btri (nHcxpembn1), HnTerpaTHHHblii (lcourreicclyanh-

ri KommyHHHaTHsHmil (cm. 1a6)1. 30 n 4) . flepsmci nolixoa npennona-

raer KocneHHoe onpeneneHHe HaBb(KoH n ymeHHA YP. T.e, c ero nomozublo

oupenensuoicsi nexcHuecKne, rpammauinecKHe npoconwiecxne HaBbfKii.

BTopori H ipem nonxonbi OrnlitialoTCH TeM, 410 npH KOMMy181KaTHBHOM

(1011,X0He 011,cliKa Hanbixon yroeHHi-i npoH31301111-1C51 no KOMnofielfraM KOM-

MyiniKaTHBHOri KomnereHHHH (KK).

7'adiuzia 30

XapaK TCNICTKKa nowcoAos K cociannenato TetTOB 110 YP

XapaivrepnuntxnTeCTOB A4CKpeTIMIS1

1. CTenciu. gomiy-inixammIOCTM

HH3KaH

Bow OW

wirerpaTinmat

cpennsui

KOMMy11HKaTIMHbI1

BaroolcaR

2. CTenclu. nenocpen.-CTUCITHOCTH

HH3KaSi , KOCBCIlliaR cpelanin, nonyKot--

Berman

3. Cienews nop.rolon-nCIIIIOCTI4 (Hann-

gym onop)

EthICO Kan

4. EloKaurcnn PAH

ottown

5. Xapanrep Oucino4pcvnbTa TOD

glICKPCTHMA

cpewn12

KU M6HtittpoBamlblg

nonyo61.acniromlft nonyoobos.;inn oftexTnninAtl aim cy61.e,a.,-. b.14

113

macoxax, Reno-

cpertcrneuna

HH3KaO

KOMMy1-114KaTHBIlbth

111

;C.1-0 ': ti-

Hmelorcg or.")-beicrbt lecnipolialniR 'cat( no pxcarerrl....myH JICKCHico-roammanIttecIcue HaBiAKH.) ra lc. vs. no HHTerIaTZHHOM:-Tioc.neRnms., nnithenenbT 11 Tatimine 3 1 0,31.+1 TeCTI no

TctcrHfirfttlatIHR H supw mop B Tecrax no mottonormf.:CNO:

BwiL.: olio>

Or" beKTIA TeCIHN8aH11.2

If1BIAKH H yVICHHA) ripotm tan-

mai colt, 11p1c,Iyanin-1 TeKc.

j . cttr,

BOri

HHciTyx-

IVA HD H

nnak

CSH,:t:t.C7"".' -- .".3:!;--1: ,:.': ..'7.:..:I "1,.. ;:o...';': t-

4 f- :

I:

,CJ ".'.1- t t

. .

: n:_'''. "..., :`..:,'. :1 ' .

I + + + -t

:: .

,...1:,-;1 e 4:. ' :.tn.t.--t"1,. . i I- 1-i

1- 4- F

I

clarv,tect...n;HJ1HJ3HH1 ..

MHtft.tCKlie ;;2,CN:011:71-

upeLICI.Ba

cotialtr.?H r

3. flepon..t.;.2 rran:t:., ;

ijsCiB170^0

6. CcoGluenne no TCMC ' -I f- 1 t :I

z.

I !

-7. cf)031.1.teliile flo palBep-nylomy nyvt,:y

I+ +

I+ t-

I i-1

8. YenuAil pect?ep't c 14-ii an-i 11, 1 1.

IHoTatiFia I- + + 1I

I

Ii

I 1.

i. I

9. IlepecKal comphcaungI

r f.I

+ + 'I + +I

+

e i a I! If C: (t+ +» ::01,0IUCC CO4CTal1HC; HpHemnerocc, BO3MOWfi0et.offel-311HLt; - 410110 IMO>KI100 H:lt! ItemenaTc.abiroc C0UCT.111.

I i 2

114

vt.

Leci-Hponalie.t .1 IliHHE. c.3a3aHHme c nomnAaamem pennx:: cociecentfinca (cm. r I. 7.2); 2) ytv.,--

HHII (PopmyrtH2oHami51 ICpaTKHX. OTBeTOB IL

0611.14i1, cnemanbHmii KITH allbTepHaTHEIHNCI Honpocta, KoTophicoapen,eneHHOR caryaugH; 3) ymetnie nocraHoHNH 06u.n4x, cnewiambila

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relaisin1. sapiaT1111HO cm (penicip)2 ymecTuorm3. CCTCCTBCIIIIOCTb pe415

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1c.ablisie mnurpyKaan, npHmephi, HaMe1C14 npn 3aTpyAneHm1x11ons161<ax rec-

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0.1e1Ka OTBeTOB Tecnipyemblx mo-Acer arrb aponaseseHa: 1) c npmse-

LWItilleM nparnchnoro orseTa; 2) c yKa3annem cpa3y npaskabnocni - Henpa-

1411bHOCTII oTsera; 3) c yxa3atmem MCCra a Biwa ouni6KH, Hanplimep.

B cAynae oilm61:14 B npasonHcams; 4) c 11pliBegetiBem KoNimetfrapBB, npa-

Bali, npHmepos B cnynae 0111116KH.

1104rs ace THnsl 3aHaH1ii moNeHo P.C110J11)3013aTh B KOM111310Tep143Hpo-

13aHHOM J1JJT. 0AHaKO IlpOsepKy HaBb11:013 ymenHil nTeusn 14 ays.Hposanns

mowHo peanwsosaib B OCHOBHOM C ITOMOILLIMO 3assiinfi HO TMB Him co

rKo 110.11yOTKpb1TOTO H1111 C KOpOTICHM OTBCTOM.

l'ao6no Hcsionb3osan, 3BM AIM EB3yallblIMX. flparMaTIP1CCICHX, TCCICB.

:1a11PliMep, B K0PI1TeCTC MO'ACHO Ica icopoiKoe spems HperrbaBilTb Ha aKpane

TCKCT, a ero soccTaHossienne mower 6bab ocymecraneno TaK, KafC a 4aCT1411-

HOM p,HKrafire tfaCTI) TeKcTa (Hanano npeanoweuna, swim co6crsonible,uscppaz, roTbi H T.11.) OCTaeTCH Ha mcpaHe, 3 OCT3111,H0e Tectiwyemblii BBOXIT

B 3BM . B TeCTaX 11111a Knoya 3BM MOACCT HO xorty Tem cornacno peayns-

raiam 11CpBb1X 5-10 3a/latiHil nepeirrx Ha 6onee TpyAriblii win 6onee nerxHil

sapnaHT TecTa (yseminnsas mar McKay nponycKamn ysenwilmaa noH-

cica3Ky nsras nepsym GyKsy HI1H TIORCII0Ba B Hp011yCKC), 4T051,1}136erarb

cBepapyx1IIOCTif TTK Lon nanHoro TecTnpyemoro. TaKne nporpammsl

MO>KHO naasarb aganmpyToutnrks4.llocKonbKy nporpammxposanne aanwmaer mnoro spemenn (30- 100

nacos Ha OiUfff 'lac pa6orbt ynamerocH c 3BM), ro oiegyer paapa6oTarb

HuH 14C11011b3OBalb TaK FlamlBaCMble asTopcfcHe nporpammsl, o KOTOpMX

ocrasnensi mecTa nu recrnpyemorofo6ynacmoro yme611oro maTepHana,

KOTOpb1.11 npenoAasarenb )lcenaer Hc00nb3005m. OCHCBHMe onepau,B4 B Taloix

nporpammax pEe 3anporpammnposaHbi.

611611HorPMDMI

1. Artacra3u A. Ilcuxonorut;cucoc ccrlipoDatqw; II 21 / Hog pea. K.M. rypeuma it

BM. 11y6oliciwro. M., 1982.2. A/a01408a Kit Bourocht Komponst YMCI114 13 MO11011011P1CCKOR yeT1101,1 pc,ut

yganuixol: kcing. neg. HayK. M., 1967.

3. £aicceciu' JiB. Clicrema TeCTUB B amep1iKaitc1(ot1 MCTO,O,HKC // lituocrp. $33. B

LUKOJIC. 196s. N96. C. S1-61.4. BauKeelly !LB. TconpoBauite nci<cutai ahlocrpaimoro xna<a. M., 1981.S. Bc6eruinun 10.A. 143MCIDCIIIIC roTOBBOCT14 a6wryptocron K o6yvenillo it 11/1CIHTy-

117

119

TaX Hnocrpantibtx 513MKOB KaK npegnocbmica HugmattnyanHaamm yqe6Horo npottecca:,B,Hcc.... Haug. nen. HayK. M., 1976.

6. Bedennnun 10.11. NierommecKue yKaaattnn (nucbmo) N° 7 no nonpocam npo-ipammxponatmoro 06y,:e11H51 HHOCTpaHHblfvf ST3MKaM B ayaax. MF11111451, 1971 r. 11.1, II.

7. BurKoecKan MeTOHNHICKHe l'pe613BaHH11 ic TeCTaM ARA nponepKH ypoennHnagemm 03HaKOMHTWILHIAM qTCHHeM Ha HuocTpamiom 513MKC: D,HCC. Kang. neg.Hayx. M., 1975.

8. BocKepqbsu C.H. 06 HcnonbaosamHH meTona Tecron npH r4eTe ycneeaemocTHIIIK011bHHKOB 1/ ConeTcHan nenarornKa. 1963. N910. C. 28-37.

9. Bbzpic a-Af., KoKKora BA. Bpcmentioll claaKrop B 513b1K013b1X TeCTax // Yq. 3ULTarrycKoro FY: Tpygm no meTog,HKe npenoganatum HnocTpaHHatx 5131.114011. TapTy,1978. Bmn. 7. C. 35-40.

10. FaAbuea H.H. neT1111C Kypcm anrnMicxoro nabuca B ,BAcopg)KrayncKom yHHHep-CHTCTe 06yqe1114c HHOCTpat1Hb1m BablKaM B Enamel utKone. 1967. N9 3/8. C. 242-248.

11. re& H. H. (1)oproltponatme KOMMyHHKaTHBHOH KomneTounm KaK 061,CKT33py6cantbtx merogHqecKmx lica1e.4013a1lig /1 HHOCTp. 513. B IIIKORC. 1986. N9 2.C. 17-24.

12. runb6yx 10.3. MeTog FICHX0/101-11qecKHX TeCTOB: cyan-tom H marine 1/ Bonp.IICHXOTIOrHH. 1986. N9 2. C. 30-42.

13. roxaepnep M.M., Panonopr H.A., Correp H. 0 nHarnocTruce cnocoGnocTetiK 143rICHHIO tutocrpaunoro 5131,1Ka // Ilpo6nembt 06yqemut HHOCTpa11111,1M 11361KaM.Tannmut, 1978. C. 28-43.

14. rytman H.H. MCTOMPICCKHC yKaaamin 1< TCCTOBOH MCT01:111KC Hoirrpona TCKy.ycnertaemocTH. Onecca, 1975.15. ,f(aeblOnflla ILA. Oprattmatuut Teen:moil MaT01:114KH KOHWOJIH HasbIK013

cwywrypnoro otpopmnenHa npegnoweHHti B 5-6 Knaccax cpegnef1 utKonbt: ,I14{cc.Hann. neg. HayK. Boponew, 1973.

16.,Boaraneeocan H.A. C11CTCM111,1H ananHa cbawropon yqe6noil ycneuntocTH(Ha marepHane o6yqemin HIloapa11141,IM 3131,1Kat4 B mopcKom ay3e):11Hcc.... Kann. nen.nayK..11., 1974.

17. 3uAinsoi HA. Pevenan nenTemmocm H pegenoc. nonegetme B o6rtentta 41110CT-palmomy mammy: 06. ttaymmix Tpygon Mrrimptsi. M., 1984. N° 242. C. 3-10.

18. Haanoaa r.B. 3againte TeCT0B0r0 THEM Kat( opmt 143 CH00060B nporteptcH atta-mtfl H y mown rtaumxcn: /IBM KaHn. neg. nayK. M., 1973.

19. Heanoaa E.. Opratmaatum cnegnmero KOHTNHH Tpygnoycsammcmot1 neK-CHKH Ha 1 Kypce 1431,1KOBOTO cpaKynbTeTa nennyaa c nomombto TCCTOBOR MCTOH,HKH (namaTepttane aurnHtIcKoro H3b11<a): DAM-. Katm. neg. HayK. M., 1975.

20. Illihillia TA. TecTonan tyK.TonnKa nponepKti attanHit H nporpan.mmponammeo6y4o11e // CoucTocul negarorttKa. 1967. N9 2. C. 122-125.

21. KatScrpooft M.K. Ponb Hiummutyanblibtx paarumni H ycneuntocTH 06yqemo1HHocrpauttbm Habncaro: Kann. ncHxon. nayrc. M., 1983.

22. Kaaunuvenxo A.C. u op. MeTogtmectote yxaaanHa no Tecronomy KOHT4301140XapbKon, 1981.

23. Krui3eaa 1.10. CHCTeMa H31,1K013h1X TCCTOB B CHIA // Yq. aan. / Mn111142 M,1968. T.44. C. 271-278.

24. KOKKO TO B.A. flpo6nembl corrannenast HCKCW1CCKH\ TeCTOB ilex041110ro ypon-Int Bottpocm lipcemattomocTH H itpcnommannu nuocrpatutoro 51361Ka B cpentralumcmcil HIKOBC. CoepiutoncK, 1979. C. 45-55.

25. KOKKOTa 8.11. 14ccnegonanHe KimecTua TCCTOB HCX03;411010 ypon MI no anrnHil-cKomy 5131:4Ky // Bollpochl 11pCCINCT13CHHOCT14 B npenonananHH tmocrpanuoro HablKa Bcpenneil H nbtetneti 111K011C. CI3C1H1110B434. 1981. C. 146-159.

26. KoKKora B.A. Hccncnonatote paattmx mum; Knoya-TecTon // Yq. nu. I Tarry-

118

cxoro l'Y. Bb111. 565; TI3y.nai no meroanxe npenonaBaHHB HH0C1113,11111.31X Mumma. Tarry,

1981. B13111. 10. C. 40-46.27. Kovicora BA. Hurzie)1013311113i 513h1K031,1X cnoco6Hocretk nepBoxypcmixon 11114

// Yv. ian. / TapTycicoro FY. &an. 473; Tpyilai no fACT011,1{KC npenonaBamia imocrpait-

HMx 1131,11(0B. Tapry, 1978. Bain. 7. C. 35-40.28. KoKrcora BA. Mercnnixa onpenenennx c nomoinmo Tecra YPOBk151 3liaktHg c'Ty-

=Irmo, nocrynHannlx B 11114 /1 Yv. san. / Tarrycxoro ry. Batn. 345; Tpynat no MCTO-

AliKe upenonaaamix xxocrpaimaix $131AK0B. Tarry, 1975. T. 4. C. 27-36.29. Kolocora B.A., Bblprc 3.-M. 14ccnegoBaxxe yve6Hog TpynHocTH HHOS13b1qH0F1

BCKCHKH CHcrema o6yve1un1 mocrpaintaim 5131,1KBM B HeR3b1KOBbIX By33..X: Te3HC1.1

noicianots coseulaHHB-cervaniapa 3aB. xacDenpamn anocrpannux F131,1KOB xxanixo-TexHo-

nOnttleCKHX, ropHalx H130y1'11.X By3oB. M., 1978. C. 66-68.30. KoKicoro B.A. u op. H14P N° 81040157: HccrienoBankie xcxonHoro ypos-

Ha nogroroBicx no aurninicicomy foamy B By3ax CCCP. TilH, 1985.31. KoxKora BA. u Op. dryer 1114? N° 8104057, Hits. N° 02840027714: Hcc.neno-

BafiMe CBOACTB TCCIOB 1.10110.1111CHH51. T11H, 1983.32, KoKKora B.A. u Op. ()PICT 11141P N° 929013, Him. N° 78080519: 14ccnepoBamie

CHCICM1,1 noxa3aTenell B.1131 KOHTp01151 B yqC6H0M npouccce no Hnocrpailnomy B3ancy.

TI114, 1980.33. KoKKora BA. Grier fi N° 8104057, Hue. N° 028600253669: HccnenoBanne

cpencas KOHT1)011S1aynxposam4B ABA 313b1K0ablx na6opa1opHil. 11114, 1985.

34. KOKKOra B.A. Iloticxx axatiomooro snaixoBoro TeCTB // Teopn o npawrima

513bIKOBMX TeCTOB. TannHHH, 1980. C. 72-80.35. KOKKOra B.A. ricxxononmeemill ana.nin o6yvennocril u o6yvaemocrn no HBO-

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2.1. OCHOBHble noturnia B o6nacm yantraognnaxmveci.coro TCCT14p0BaHHA 52.2. P0116 TeCTHp0BaHHH B npenonanaLum HHOCIpaHHblx H3b1KOR 92.3. (LTHICHHH AlitICBOBlin.aKTH.ICCKHX TCCTOB 10

3. Tcopmfgectme npo6ncknA nxurEsoatiaaKmmecKnx TeCTOB 13

3.1. 06w.as xapagicpncmica YlluirsormaaKTRuccgBx recroa 133.1.1. CpaBnemie JIIIT c ncmxonomtiecKnm H ne.naronivectomni TeCTaMH 133.1.2. ripCHIVIMCCT13a H HCaOCTaTKH HHHCBOBHBAKTIBICCKHX TCCTOB 14

3.2. JIIIIIPBHciprviecKasi H KOMMyliHKaTHBtlaH KOMFICTCHIOIR 173.3. TcopeTnecxptc ni3o6nembt Nampo-nth KoromyHHKaTHBI{Oil KOMIICTCHH1111 213.4. Knaccn@ncatoia 1114HTBOHHAarc1nCCKHX TCCTOB 26

3.4.1. 513611<oabIc H peveawc TCCTIA 263.4.2. erannapm3oRant1mc H neclarmarnH3OBaliklble TeCTla 3 1

3.4.3. 1CnaccH4mgaata TCCTOB no ELCB511,4 IL. ..n..oaannn 313.5. Iloxa3aienli Icavccraa nwiraommax-rwier.mix TCCTOB 353.6. 3KOHOMH4HOCTbrltittrBOHAlaKTIVICCKHX TCCTOB 41

4. Kparxaa HCTOp101 Pa3BHTHH /114111TIOAHAaKTH11CC1<010 Tecniponarnia 494.1. Pa3BHTHC TCCTHp0Bal1HA 3a py6chcom 494.2. Pa31311THC muirnoroinawrwlecKoro Tccmpoilanna B CCCP 54

5. 06wa.a MCTOHHKa pa3pa6omn MiHrBOBItBaKTH4CCKI1X TCCTOB 57

5.1. 11nannpoBainic nunrnormalcrwlecKoro Iccrnponanna 575.2. COCTaBHCHHC 3anal1KA HHHCB0J1HHAKTIVICCKHX TeCTOB 6 05.3. 06pa6on<a H HHrepperaumi pcvnbraroa recTa 675.4. CociaancHtle oKolitiarcnhnoro recTa (ncpcnnaimpoaainic nmalccIa) . . . 72

6. COCTalinCHHC TCCTOB 110 /ICKCHKC H manthiamxe 73

6.1. OGnoic nonowenna 736.2. Cortannctutc TCCTOB 110 RCKCHKC 75

1 8

6.3. CociauncilHe TerroB no rpacuroaT14XC 82

7. CTMICH HC Tec-rou no ,ITC1111/0 H aygupoBankno 85

7.1. (Mimic nonouc. enuu85

7 2. CocTaanenue TecToe 110 tITeHH1088

7 3. Cocrauuemte TeCTOB no aymiposauuto 94

7.4 Kom6lo1Hposamtme peueume TeCTLI 98

8 rIparmaTuuec.xlic TCCTbI98

8 I. 06w.au xapamepHelliKa98

8 2 ,autcranT102

8 3 Ayulloxnoy 3-TCCTIA103

8.4. PalniontuniocTu uu3yanbinux Tee-1'013 Tuna x.ioya 104

9 COC CM:010111C TCCTOB 110 yen-loft peuu111

10 1-fCIT0.11b30uaffne 38M B aHHrBUWMaKTHICCI<ON1Tet..-THroRalilill116

5h6nuorpaybun117

(21111CLH coupanteuuct 125

1 99

1:01OTA.;30.111.4Pp A

.71.71T.T1sOLVd:1.4.1:11itii..1C1/.1)H Tr.C.THP0i1AIIHE

j Jr.?. E.. ;f:cc

pc,a,a1-;:up bcpe;14!:Tor, 119;:oh4arcuko

31 . A.Atanos ap pc t Top 3.4% Xpccdc...,.

Oncpaiop 1 4. ii,1,-TaKC,57

OE 1.. ;950

1131 nallop 07.02.1.1°. 1 loan. 11C4a!b 0.03 89.r;' !" 2. i'41.1rmaypa 11pece-Poman. lietraTL oeprernan. C1G-t.r.m 7.84 ycn. 11t.n. n.

f1,119 ysl. -oF: 7.71 y J.. Trrpaw 7000 :as.3. 3a K. 22`.75. !loin 30 Kol .

i 01430, 1A11-4, Ilerniumax 4.113,11Z1Cabeflio ..1.:1.1L man mu Kona ....

ilaCip.na) ii3Gor 140-11111.11yiuttx maw nn.tx mnm. al en a.

1 .no Mot:KOMI:or: T11110 rpa 4 (.1 Cult1311OPIIeplaia froM 4 FIN ruc!, ;MP'I till: ora KON111 ce I C( 'CO HO Ilea.:1,4 aVarea 11111, nontitiaqmiti

129041 \ cr:mw, B. flepenCJIanclosi yit., 46.

130

document resume ed 363 089 author kokkota, v. a. title … · 2020-05-04 · ed 363 089. author....

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