DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 401 554 CS 215 562

AUTHOR Blount, R. Howard, Jr.TITLE Language Arts Lingo: Glossaries and Flashcards for

200+ Terms.REPORT NO ISBN-1-56417-665-7PUB DATE 97

NOTE 253p.; Flashcards are printed on colored paper.Published by Good Apple, Division of Simon &Schuster, 299 Jefferson Road, P.O. Box 480,Parsippany, NJ 07054-0480.

AVAILABLE FROM Frank Schaffer Publications, 23740 Hawthorne Blvd.,Torrance, CA 90505.

PUB TYPE Books (010) Guides Classroom Use Teaching

Guides (For Teacher) (052) Guides Classroom UseInstructional Materials (For Learner) (051)

EDRS PRICE MF01/PC11 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS Classroom Techniques; Definitions; Educational Games;

Fiction; Figurative Language; *Glossaries;Intermediate Grades; Junior High Schools; *LanguageArts; Learning Strategies; *Literary Genres;*Literature Appreciation; Middle Schools; Nonfiction;+Resource Materials

IDENTIFIERS *Flash Cards

ABSTRACTIntended for teachers of grades 4-8, this book

provides tools and resources to help students fall in love withliterature. The book contains reproducible glossaries containing over200 literary, genre, book content, and book construction terms, alongwith removable flashcards, to make reviewing language arts essentialseasy, enjoyable, and fun. The book provides game suggestions such as

tic-tac-toe and "Jeopardy." The book's literary terms glossary andflashcards include figurative language, creative devices, storyparts, skills, and similar expressions related to poetry and prose.The Genre glossary and flashcards cover both content (poetry andprose) and form (fiction and nonfiction). The Book Terminologyglossary and flashcards cover book content and construction, withterms ranging in difficulty from simple to advanced. The book'sinstructions suggest that definitions and examples can be modified byusing titles and excerpts students will recognize and that unfamiliarlisted examples can be used as springboards to introduce and seek outnew titles or pieces. (CR)

************************************************************************Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made

from the original document.***********************************************************************

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EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATIONCENTER (ERIC)

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Glossaries and Flashcards for200+ Terms

by R. Howard Blount, Jr.

Good Apple

Dedication.

For my fellow scholars and students,

those present and those yet to come .

Psalm 1 1 9: 1 30 2 Timothy 3: 1 5

Editor: Donna. Garzinsky

Good AppleAn Imprint of Modern CurriculumA Division of Simon & Schuster299 Jefferson Road, P 0. Box 480

Parsippany, NJ 07054-0480

1997 by Good Apple. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States ofAmerica. This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any formby photographic, electronic, mechanical, or any other method, for any use,including information storage and retrieval, without written permission from thepublisher. Student glossary pages excepted. ISBN: 1-56417-665-7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PAT 01 00 99 98 97

ONTEN

IntroductionUsing Literary Glossaries and Flashcards 4

Literary Flashcard Games 6

Part 1Glossaries 8

A. Literary Terms 8

B. Genre 13

C. Book Terminology 19

Sources 22

PartFlashcards 23

A. Literary Terms 23

B. Genre 69

C. Book Terminology 117

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DixfiCT[ONUsing Literary Glossaries and flackarcic

0

Dear Colleagues,

In my literature-based sixth-grade classroom, my ultimate goal is to

convert my average students into junior literary snobs, or at least to

encourage them to fall deeply in love with reading and writing.

Students delve into the rich world of literature, including the study of

literary terms, genre, and book terminology.

To accomplish this, I've developed the following set of literary

glossaries and flashcards for student use. The three reproducible

glossaries contained in Language Arts Lingo become a permanent

reference in my students' folders. Students mark selected glossary

entries with a highlighter pen for easy focus and referral. To help

students review the glossaries' content, I put the terms on homemade

flashcards. The flashcards included in this book are designed to be

removed and separated along the perforations. You may wish to

laminate them. My students invented games to play and even asked

to use the cards for study. They internalized and increased their

retention of the material dramatically. They even trounced "gifted"

classes in the school Library Jeopardy tournament! Because the

flashcards have been so beneficial in my classroom, I believe they will

be equally effective for other language arts teachers as well.

The glossaries and flashcards are each divided into three domains:

Literary Terms, Genre, and Book Terminology. A single term is printed

on the front side of each flashcard. On the reverse side are the term's

definition and, where possible, authentic examples from literature.

Each card is labeled for its domain, for example, LT1 is Literary

Terms #1, G2Genre terms #2, and BT5Book Terms #5.

46

The Literary Terms glossary and flashcards include figurative language,

creative devices, story parts, skills, and similar expressions related to poetry

and prose. The Genre glossary and flashcards cover both content (poetry

and prose) and form (fiction and nonfiction). The Book Terminology

glossary and flashcards cover book content and construction. The terms

range in difficulty from simple to advanced. You will be the one best able

to determine the terms most appropriate for your class.

Feel free to modify definitions and examples by using titles and

excerpts your students will recognize. Use any unfamiliar listed examples

as springboards to introduce and seek out new titles or pieces. Examples

that include blank spaces in the titles indicate where the key term is part

of the title. In these cases, simply say the word blank instead.

It is my hope that these glossaries and flashcards will enhance the

instruction, review, and retention of literary terms in your classroom and in

the process increase student understanding of the literature that so

enriches our lives. If you find this resource to be valuable and have a

success story to share, I would enjoy hearing from you. Feedback of any

kind is always welcome. Please send all correspondence with a SASE.

Literarily yours,

R. Howard Blount, Jr.

603 W. Dixie St.

Plant City FL 33566

(813) 752-4131

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literary flackarci CaneC

The three main ways to give clues

or ask questions with literary flashcards

are by term, definition, or example. Ifyou call out a term, the contestantsprovide either an acceptable definition

or example. If you call out a definitionor an example, the players providethe correct term. Variations of these

methods are only limited by your

creativity. Following are several

games and variations that work

well with literary flashcards.

Organize teams of three to five

players each. Call out a question or

clue to each team sequentially. Team

members have 15 seconds to determine

their response, then the captain must

give the answer. Award one point (tally

mark) for each correct response. For

incorrect responses, the next team gets

a chance to steal a point by providing

a correct response. If they answer

correctly, award the point. If the

response is incorrect, provide the

answer. Proceed by calling out the

next question or clue for the same

team. Continue play, making sure

that all teams receive the same iinumber of turns.

Creative elm-lar&o_reirre-e?Ing Variations

Instead of keeping score by tally

marks, try the following variations.Play tic-tac-toe by drawing a large 3

x 3 matrix (grid with 3 columns and3 rows) on the chalkboard. Correctresponses allow opposing teams to

place an X or 0 on the board. Each"three-in-a-row" wins a point. No

point is awarded for a "cat" (when

neither team is able to complete

three in a row). Try more excitinggames with a 4 x 4 or 5 x 5 matrix.

Draw a "literary football field" on thechalkboard or markerboard. Use

small magnets for players. Each

correct response allows the teams to

advance their magnetic players ten

yards up the field. The first team to

reach the opposing goal line wins.

Draw a "literary baseball diamond"

on the chalkboard or markerboard.Use small magnets for players. Each

correct response allows a team to

advance its magnetic players one

base around the diamond. The team

that scores the most runs wins. For

variation, play with single, double,

triple, and home-run questions.

Play 20 questions. The team to first

collect 20 points is the winner.

If you regularly play with the same

teams, try keeping a running score

on a wall chart.

Literati' rar yDesign a Jeopardy game panel on a

standard or tall science project board.

Add three columns labeled LiteraryTerms, Genre, and Book Terminology.Glue five library-card pockets vertically

under each heading, assigning them

point values 100 through 500. Select

flashcards from the appropriate

domains and place them in the pockets

according to degree of difficulty, with100 being the easiest and 500 the most

difficult. Identify two "daily doubles" ifso desired. Contestants may compete as

two individuals or two teams.

The game begins with one team

selecting an answer category and

value. The host reads the definition

from the flashcard, and the player or

team must provide the term in question

format (for example, What is simile?).

If the response is correct, the assigned

points are awarded. If the response is

incorrect, the opposing team gets to

steal. (Daily double answers may not be

stolen.) If their answer is correct, the

assigned points are awarded. If the

response is incorrect, the host provides

the answer. Play continues with the

same team selecting a category and

value.

When all categories have been

exhausted, the host states the "final

Jeopardy" answer category. Contestants

wager based on their total scores and

write the amount on a sheet of paper.When the answer is read, the players

write their responses below the wager

and submit the papers to the host.When the responses have been read,

final scores are tallied, and the

winner(s) are declared. (Thanks, Carol!)

Card CO LkeCeirThe object of card collecting is for

contestants to collect as many

flashcards as possible. One version is

played with a host and a small group(up to three players). When the host

delivers a question or clue, the

contestants shout out their responses.

The host determines the contestantwho first gave the correct response and

awards the flashcard to that player. Ifno correct response is given, the host

provides the answer, and the card is

placed at the bottom of the stack. Thegame continues until all of thepreselected cards have been distributed.

Contestants then count their cards. The

player with the most cards is declared

the winner.

7

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8

iterary Termcacronym a new wordcreated from the first letters of aseries of words

allegory a literary piece thatdisguises a deeper meaningwithin the story

alliteration the repetition ofthe same initial sounds in aseries of words

allusion a passing referenceto a historical or literary person,place, event, or work that is notexplained in the piece

analogy the explanation ofan idea by means of a figurative,more familiar parallel idea

annotation a briefdescription or summaryaccompanying a bibliographiclisting

antagonist the mostprominent character whoopposes the protagonist; thevillain

I

aphorism a brief statementexpressing a general truth

archetype a universallyrecognized setting,character, symbol, theme,or image that regularlyappears in literature

bibliophile a person wholoves books; a "biblioholic"

bibliophobe a personwho hates or fears books

characterization thedescription of the internalattributes of story characters

character a person oranimal around whoseactions a story revolves

main character thecentral story personage

secondary character anessential supporting storypersonage

cliché a highly overusedword or expression

cliffhanger a deviceof suspense that leaves thereader wanting to read on

climax the turning pointof the plot or story action,usually characterized bygreat intensity

10

clipped words words that havebeen shortened through commonusage

conflict the primary battle orproblem faced by the protagonist,

internal conflict thestruggle within a character

external conflict thecharacter's struggle:with anoutside force

connotation a word's suggestedvariation or shade of meaning

cyclical story a story that endswhere it began

denotation the dictionarymeaning of a word

dialect a distinctive form of alanguage spoken by members of anidentifiable regional, national, orsocial group

dialogue the exact wordsspoken by story characters;conversation

epithet a word or phrase usedto capture a person's mostoutstanding characteristic

eponym a word whose origin isa person's name

euphemism verbiage that puts apositive, respectful slant on anegative subject

excerpt a selection excisedfrom an original piece and usedin an alternate setting

falling action the plot eventsimmediately following the climax thatlead to the resolution; denouement

figurative language creativelanguage Or figures of speech usedin poetry and prose

flashback recalling previousevents at a latter point within a story;analepsis

foreshadowing literary clues thatallude to future story events

genre traditionally the five majorclassifications of literaturedrama,poetry, fiction, nonfiction, and essay;commonly referred to as anyparticular type of published writingcharacterized by form or content

hero or heroine a story characterwho exhibits remarkable strength orcourage

hyperbole the use of obviousexcessive exaggeration

idiom a common saying uniqueto a group of people that has ameaning apart from its literaltranslation; idiomatic expression

imagery descriptive language thatevokes mental impressions of the fivesenses

9

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introduction the beginning ofa plot sequence that acquaints thereader with characters and setting

irony the contrast between theway something appears to be andwhat it actually is

jargon conversational languageunique to a group, trade, orprofession

kenning a brief metaphor orstock phrase used in place of amore familiar term

linear story a story that beginsat one point and ends at a distantpoint

literary license the author'sright to break the rules of standardspelling, grammar, andpunctuation for the sake ofcreativity

literature creative writing ofuniversally recognized artistic value

malapropism the misuse ofwords characterized by confusionwith similar terms

meiosis a form ofunderstatement wherebysomething is referred to in less-than-accurate terms

metaphor a comparisonbetween two distinct objects thatdoes not use the words like or as

meter a systematic pattern andmeasure of rhythm used in poetry

metonymy replacing the nameof one thing with the name ofanother closely associated thing

mood the general feelingevoked in a reader through theauthor's use of words

moral I a lesson or principleintentionally communicatedthrough the form of a story

motivation a story character'sreason for exhibiting a particularbehavior

narrative any form of writingthat tells a story

narrator the person telling thestory, usually a character or theauthor

onomatopoeia the use ofwords that imitate sounds

oxymoron the combined useof terms that seem to becontradictory

pace the rate at which a storymoves along, defined by thetension between descriptivepassages and action sequences

palindrome a word or phrasethat reads the same both forwardand backward

12

paradox a statement orsituation whereby two opposingconditions exist simultaneously

parody the imitation of anauthor's style or literary work, mostcommonly for amusement

personification attributinghuman characteristics to nonhumanobjects

plagiarism passing off thewritings of another person as one'sown

plot the sequence of story events

poetic justice a deservedhappy ending for heroes and a sadfate for villains

poetic license the poet'sfreedom to depart fromconventional poetic devices

point of view the perspectivefrom which a story is told

first person the story toldfrom the author's or onecharacter's perspective,characterized by use of thepronouns I, me, my,we, us, and our

third person omniscient thenarrator tells the story from theperspective of more than onecharacter

third person limited thenarrator tells the story from onecharacter's perspective

portmanteau words wordswith dual meanings that have beenblended through common usage

protagonist the main characterin a story; the hero or heroine

pun a play on words involvingtwo similar-sounding words thathave distinctive meanings

purpose the author's reason forwriting a literary piece, mostcommonly to entertain, inform,persuade, or describe

quote or quotation a

reference to the exact wordsspoken by another well-knownperson or used in a recognizedliterary work

redundancy the unnecessarysequential use of two or morewords with identical or similarmeanings; overblown phrasing

repetition the effective use ofrecurrent words, phrases, incidents,themes, images, or symbols in aliterary piece

resolution the final plotcomponent immediately followingthe falling action; the outcome of astory

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rhyme in poetry the repetitiveuse of words or ending syllablesthat share the same sound

rhyme scheme a standardrhyming pattern

rhythm a poetic beat usinglight and heavy stress patterns; theharmonious pattern of syllables inprose

rising action the plot eventsthat lead to the climax;complication

satire humorous mockery ofthe folly, vice, or stupidity ofdeserving individuals or institutionsin hope of effecting reform

scene in drama, the subdivisionof a play or an act; one event in astory

sequence of events thestandard plot flowintroduction,rising action, climax, falling action,resolution

setting the time and place inwhich a story takes place

simile a comparison betweentwo distinct objects using thewords like or as

slang nonstandard colorfulsayings or terms; irreverent streetlanguage

stanza a division within apoem, consisting of a number ofrelated lines

style an author's unique way ofwritingcreative or recognizableuses of theme, diction, syntax,imagery, rhythm, or figurativelanguage

subplot a minor related storywithin the dominant plot

surprise ending anunexpected conclusion to a story,often marked by satisfaction ordisappointment

suspense the feelings ofexcitement, anxiety, andanticipation radiating from a storythat motivate the reader toread on

symbolism the use of imagesin literature that represent otherentities or meanings

synecdoche referring to awhole by one of its parts or amore comprehensive whole

theme the author's message orthe main idea of a story

tone manner of expressionrevealing author's attitude towardsubject matter or reader

14

Genreadventure a literary work withelements of risk, action, andsuspense

ABC poem unrhymed verse ofup to 26 lines, each wordbeginning sequentially with theletters of the alphabet

almanac a reference bookpublished annually that containsupdated statistics, lists, tables, and.charts of information from manyfields

anecdote a brief interesting orhumorous story

anthology a collection ofliterary pieces, such as poems,essays, short stories, or plays,contained in one volume

atlas a reference book of maps,geographic tables, and charts

autobiography the story of aperson's life written by that person

ballad a narrative poem or folksong with simple stanzas and arecurring refrain

biography the story of aperson's life

cento a rhymed aabbcc"patchwork" poem consisting oflines borrowed from variousexisting poems

chapbook a cheaplyproduced pamphlet sold bypeddlers from the sixteenthto nineteenth centuries;a small, often self-published,paperback book of poetry

cinquain an unrhymed5-line poem dividing 22 syllablesinto a 2-4-6-8-2 pattern

classic a definitive literary workthat has been widely read andrecognized for many years

clerihew a humorous 4-linerhymed poem based on a person'sname

comedy a humorous play orliterary work

comic strip a humorousvignette illustrated withmultipaneled scenes, caricatures,and ballooned dialogue

companion title a literarypiece that stands alone but isrelated in character or setting toanother work

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concrete poem versearranged visually or shaped torepresent its theme

contemporary fiction a

literary work with nodistinguishable regional orperiodic attachments thattechnically could occur anywherein modern times

couplet a 2-lined rhymingstanza or poem

diamante a form of unrhymedpoetry that physically resembles adiamond; related to cinquain

diary a daily written record ofone's personal experiences

dictionary a reference bookfor finding meanings,pronunciations, and otherinformation related to words

drama a literary work designedfor public performance by actors

dramatic poem a narrativeplay written in verse form,involving two or more voices

elegy a poem lamenting adeath

encyclopedia a

comprehensive reference bookcontaining articles on a widevariety of topics

epic a long narrative work ofpoetry, prose, or drama thatceremoniously recounts the deedsof a legendary hero

epigram a concise, cleverpoem that expresses a singleobservation

epitaph a short poem, oftenengraved on a tombstone, thatmemorializes someone who hasdied

essay a short, formal orinformal, written discussion of asubject; composition

eulogy a spoken or writtentribute praising someone who hasdied

fable a short story with amoral; commonly uses animalcharacters with humancharacteristics

fairy tale a story involvinglegendary royalty, commoners,and magical characters; oftenbegins with Once upon atime . . . and ends with . . .

they lived happily ever after.

16

fantasy a fictional workmarked by supernatural ormagical characters and eventsthat could not happen in reallife

high fantasy set within acreated world

low fantasy set withinthe real world

fiction a literary workcreated by the author'simagination; an untrue story

folklore the traditional oralculture of a people: its beliefs,practices, myths, folk tales,legends, fables, fairy tales,parables, and tall tales

folk tale a magical story thatis unique to a cultural groupand that has been modified byyears of oral retellings prior tobeing put into print

free verse poetry thatfollows no standard pattern ofrhythm or rhyme

grue a short, simple,gruesome rhyming poem

haiku a 3-line, 17-syllablepoetic form of Japanese originthat describes a single naturalimage in a 5-7-5 syllabic pattern

historical fiction an untruestory set in an authentic periodfrom the past and characterizedby events that could havehappened

horror a literary workmarked by elements of extremesuspense told in shocking,gruesome detail; a thriller

humor a funny literary work

informational booknonfiction title that providesextensive data on a particulartopic

interactive fiction a storythat allows the reader todetermine the direction thenarrative will take

journal a written record ofexperiences, reflections, andperceptions that is appendedon a regular basis

journalism written piecesthat deal with news items andthat are published in periodicalsor reported through the media

legend an unverified storypassed down orally fromgeneration to generation

BEST COPY AVAILAJBLE, 15

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letter any formal or informalwritten communication from oneperson to another

light verse an amusing form ofverse having no serious purpose

limerick a humorous 5-linepoem in which the first, second,and fifth lines rhyme and contain 3stresses, while the third and fourthlines rhyme and contain 2 stresses

lyric poem a form of melodiousverse; hymn, ode, psalm, ballad,sonnet, elegy

memoir an autobiographicalaccount concerning a period inone's life

modern classic a newly.published literary work that hasgained considerable attention andhas been widely read in recentyears

mystery a literary workfeaturing a plot that revolvesaround an unsolved crime

myth an ancient story of gods,goddesses, and superhumanheroes that explains events from acultural standpoint

narrative poem a poem thattells a story

nonfiction any true writtenwork

nonsense an amusing poemcharacterized by uses ofnonexistent terms and illogicalideas

novel a book-length work offictional prose with a complexextended plot

novelette a cheaply produced,sensational short novel; pulp fiction

novella a fictional work ofintermediate length and complexitythat place it between a short storyand a novel; a short novel

nursery rhyme traditionalrhythmic rhyming verse for youngchildren

ode a lengthy, formal lyric poemwith a serious tone

parable an allegorical story thatillustrates a religious lesson or moral

parallel poem verse in whicheach line begins or ends with thesame word or phrase

pastoral poem verse aboutcountry life, especially related toshepherding; idyll

periodical a regularly issuednews publication; newspaper,magazine, bulletin

play a drama acted outonstage

poetry creative writingcharacterized by formal patterns ofverse, thought and emotion, linesand stanzas, rhythm and rhyme

prequel a companion literarypiece, complete in itself, that givesan account of events prior to thenarrative of an earlier work

propaganda information orideas distributed by commercialadvertisers or the promoters of apolitical belief or cause; persuasivetechniques includebandwagoning, glitteringgenerality, red herring, transfer,snob appeal, testimonial, prestigeidentification, card stacking, plainfolks, exigency, name calling, flagwaving, innuendo

prose writing characterized bysentences and paragraphs; anytype of writing that is not poetry

proverb a short, widely usedsaying that expresses a generaltruth

1' quatrain a 4-line rhymingstanza or poem

0

realistic fiction a createdliterary piece involving elementsthat could actually occur in life

reference books volumescontaining extensive informationwithin a specific area; dictionary,thesaurus, encyclopedia, almanac,atlas

romance a literary workfeaturing a plot that revolvesaround a love affair

science fiction a futuristicwork of literary fantasycharacterized by time and spacetravel, nonexistent technology,alien creatures, and otherimprobable scientific events

script the written version of aplay or motion picture

sequel a companion literarypiece, complete in itself, thatcontinues the narrative of anearlier work

serial a collection of storiespublished in sequentialinstallments that feature the samecharacters, setting, or theme

13

sermon a religiousdiscourse offering words ofencouragement and correction

short story a brief work offiction that can be read in onesitting

soliloquy a dramaticmonologue given by a lonecharacter

sonnet a 14-line rhyminglyric poem with lines of equallength that follows one ofseveral conventional rhymeschemes

tabloid a highly illustrated,half-size newspaper featuringsensational stories and generalgossip

tall tale a humorous,highly exaggerated storydetailing the impossible feats ofa folk character

tanka a 5-line, 31-syllablepoetic form of Japanese originin a 5-7-5-7-7 syllabic pattern;related to haiku

18 20

tercet a 3-line rhymedstanza or poem; a triplet

textbook a book adoptedby schools for the formal studyof an academic subject area

thesaurus a reference bookused for finding synonyms andantonyms of words

tragedy a serious play orliterary work with an unhappyor disastrous ending

trilogy a collection of threerelated literary works

western a literary workwith a plot that revolvesaround frontier life in theAmerican West

goof T.rninciv Glossary

Book:Content--Terms

acknowledgments a word ofappreciation to individuals orgroups who provided significantassistance in the creation of a book

afterword a word from theauthor immediately following thetext or narrative; author's note

anonymous a term used whenthe author is unknown or wishesto remain unknown

appendix a supplement to abook, usually included in the backmatter

author the writer of a book

back matter book partslocated behind the main text ofthe book; appendix, glossary,sources, bibliography, index

bibliography list of sources ortitles used or recommended by anauthor

bio a short biography of anauthor or illustrator

chapter a major subdivision ofa book

.2_ copyright a form of protection8 provided by U.S. law to authors of

0

"original works of authorship,"including literature, drama, music,and other genres. The owner ofthe copyright has the exclusiveright to do or authorize others todo such things as reproduce thework, distribute the work, orperform the work.

copyright date the caettei.year a book is published

dedication statementidentifying an individual orgroup an author wishes toremember

designer a graphic artist whocreates the overall appearance of abook, including selection of paper,colors, fonts, and images

edition line a line on thecopyright page that indicates thebook's order of printing. This lineindicates a first edition: 10 9 8 7 65 4 3 2 1

editor a publisher'srepresentative who acquires andprepares manuscripts from authorsfor publication

epigraph a quotation usuallyfrom a speech, poem, or scriptureplaced at the front of a book thatis indicative of the book's theme

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epilogue a summarizing orconcluding passage at the end of astory; a passage that tells whathappened after the story

folio a page number

foreword an introductory wordfrom the author or guest writer

front matter the book partslocated before the main text of thebook; half title, ad card,frontispiece, title page, copyrightpage, dedication,acknowledgments, table ofcontents, epigraph, preface,foreword, introduction

glossary an alphabetical listingof book-related terms anddefinitions

illustrator the book's artist

index an alphabetical listing ofimportant words and the pagenumbers where they are used inthe text

introduction a fairly long notefrom the author or another personthat provides important backgroundinformation for the book

ISBN International Standard BookNumber; the universal ordernumber

20

permissions a list of statementsgiving permission to use excerptsfrom other copyrighted works

preface a brief note from anauthor

prologue an introductory oropening passage at the beginningof a story; a passage that tells whathappened prior to the story

pseudonym an assumed namesome writers use for publishingpurposes; a pen name

public domain literary works nolonger protected by copyright laws

publisher a company that printsand distributes books

sources a bibliography ofpublished matter used as researchfor a book

summary a brief description ofthe book, located on the front flapof the dustjacket, on the back cover,or on the copyright page; a synopsis

table of contents a list ofchapter titles and page numbers

teaser a brief phrase on the bookcover designed to make you want toread the book

title the name of a book

Bi0101 uctionTerms

binding the sewn, stapled, orglued edge of a book

blanks surplus pages at theback of a book

blind stamping designs andletters embossed or impressed onhardcover book bindings withoutcolor or gilding

bookplate a label pasted insidea book's front cover that names theowner; ex libris

case a hard or soft book cover

copyright page the verso ofthe title page, containing thecopyright date, a rights statement,the full address of the publisher, anedition line, the Library of CongressCataloging in Publication (CIP)notice, and ISBN

dust jacket a paper book coverused with most hardcover books

endpapers heavy sheets ofpaper glued to connect the frontand back of a book to its cover

errata slip a loose or pasted slipof printed paper inserted in a bookto indicate and correct errorsdiscovered after printing

vii

frontispiece a book-related mapor illustration

gutter the inside margins of twofacing pages .

half title a page listing only thebook's title

hardcover a book with a rigidbinding and cover

leaf one sheet of paper; twopages

page one side of a leaf

paperback a book with a softcover; also called a softcover

recto the front side of a leaf; aright-hand page

spine the folded and boundedge of a book; backstrip

title page the page listing thebook's title, author, illustrator,publisher, and place of publication

verso the back side of a leaf; aleft-hand page

21

23

6ollreeC

Baldick, Chris. The Concise OxfordDictionary of Literary Terms.Oxford University Press, 1990.

Barnet, Sylvan and Morton Bermanand William Burto. A Dictionary ofLiterary Terms. Little, Brown, 1960.

Benet's Reader's Encyclopedia(Third Edition). HarperCollins, 1987.

Cuddon, J. A. A Dictionary ofLiterary Terms. Penguin, 1979.

Deutsch, Babette. PoetryHandbook: A Dictionary ofTerms. Funk & Wagnalls, 1957,1962.

Drury, John. The PoetryDictionary. Story Press, 1995.

Fry Edward Bernard and JacquelineE. Kress and Dona Lee Fountoukidis.The Reading Teacher's Book ofLists (Third Edition). PrenticeHall, 1993.

Henry, Laurie. The FictionDictionary. Story Press, 1995.

Hirsch, Linda Longo ed. TeacherTested Reading Tips. TrollAssociates, 1992.

Kehow, Michael. A Book TakesRoot: The Making of a PictureBook. Carolrhoda Books, 1993.

22

Lipson, Greta Barclay and Jane A.Romatowski. Calliope: AHandbook of 47 Poetic Formsand Figures of Speech. GoodApple, 1981.

Oliver, Mary. A Poetry Handbook.Harcourt Brace, 1994.

Packard, William. The Poet'sDictionary: A Handbook ofProsody and Poetic Devices.Harper & Row, 1989.

Polking, Kirk ed. Writing A to Z.Writer's Digest Books, 1990.

Preminger, Alex ed. PrincetonEncyclopedia of Poetry andPoetics. Princeton University Press,1965.

Reaske, Christopher Russell. How toAnalyze Poetry. Monarch Press,1966.

Snodgrass, Mary Ellen ed. The GreatAmerican English Handbook.Perma-Bound, 1988.

Strouf, Judie. The LiteratureTeacher's Book of Lists. The Centerfor Applied Research in Education,1993.

Thrall, William Flint and AddisonHibbard and C. Hugh Holman.A Handbook to Literature. TheOdyssey Press, 1960.

REST COPY AMIABLE

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repe

titio

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itial

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mpl

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ook

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h a

maz

e as

mel

anch

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as th

e w

et tw

iligh

t.

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ote,

Tru

man

. The

Tha

nksg

ivin

g V

isito

r. R

ando

mH

ouse

, 196

7.

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er s

tars

spu

n be

fore

his

eye

s.

Wal

lace

, Bill

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pped

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eath

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e. H

olid

ay H

ouse

,19

84.

2'

alle

gory

a lit

erar

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ece

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dee

per

mea

ning

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ory

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mpl

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itch,

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the

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drob

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. S. L

ewis

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ings

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ract

erA

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e gr

eat l

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er n

ame.

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n qu

estio

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egi

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as, L

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on't

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ld?"

Lind

skoo

g, K

athr

yn. T

he L

ion

of J

udah

in N

ever

-Nev

erLa

nd. E

erdm

ans,

197

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LT2

allu

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ssin

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pers

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ree

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fric

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mer

ican

spiri

tual

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o H

idin

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lace

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eep

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fess

ions

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dha'

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ire S

erm

on.

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a

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the

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e m

ost p

rom

inen

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ract

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hoop

pose

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otag

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llain

Exa

mpl

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Gor

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mith

from

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ary

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alst

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rapp

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alla

ce

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vers

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loh

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hylli

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eyno

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riff o

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tingh

am fr

om R

obin

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gend

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usa

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ek m

ytho

logy

31

LT7

anno

tatio

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brie

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umm

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LT6

acco

mpa

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iogr

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Exa

mpl

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De

Pao

la, T

omie

. Sin

g, P

ierr

ot, S

ing.

Har

cour

t Bra

ce J

ovan

ovic

h,19

83. (

The

sw

eetly

sad

love

sto

ry o

f Pie

rrot

, the

fam

ed je

ster

of

Fre

nch

pant

omim

e, to

ld th

roug

h co

lor,

imag

e, a

nd tr

aditi

on.)

Spi

er, P

eter

. Rai

n. D

oubl

eday

, 198

2. (

Sho

wer

s, r

ain,

dew

dro

ps,

pudd

les,

str

eam

s, a

nd s

torm

s ac

com

pany

chi

ldre

n as

they

run

from

the

first

pag

e to

the

last

.)

Blo

unt,

Jr, R

. How

ard.

Impl

emen

ting

Lite

ratu

re-B

ased

Inst

ruct

ion

and

Aut

hent

ic A

sses

smen

t. T

. S. D

enis

on, 1

996.

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a br

ief s

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8

Exa

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Alfr

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Ten

nyso

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BE

ST C

OPY

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AiL

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3'1

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arch

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ract

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LT9

sym

bol,

them

e, o

r im

age

that

reg

ular

ly a

ppea

rsin

lite

ratu

re

Exa

mpl

esA

Per

fect

Soc

iety

Uto

pia,

Cam

elot

, Sha

ngri-

la, E

den,

the

Com

mun

ity

The

Chr

ist F

igur

eSha

ne, H

ercu

les,

Bill

y B

udd,

Tho

mas

Mor

e

The

Reb

elG

illy

Hop

kins

, Sho

estr

ing,

Les

lie B

urke

The

Sno

bPrin

ce B

rat,

Car

olin

e B

rads

haw

bibl

ioph

obe

a pe

rson

who

hat

es o

r fe

ars

book

s

Exa

mpl

esan

illit

erat

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rson

a no

nrea

der

35

LT11

bibl

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ilea

pers

on w

ho lo

ves

book

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blio

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10

Exa

mpl

esa

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a bo

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prop

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Am

anda

Bea

le fr

om M

ania

c M

agee

by

Jerr

y S

pine

lli

char

acte

rizat

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the

desc

riptio

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the

inte

rnal

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cter

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Exa

mpl

e"I

n ad

ditio

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nev

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avin

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en a

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as n

ever

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ible

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som

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ungr

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Cap

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Tru

man

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as M

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reak

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Tiff

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ando

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ouse

, 195

8.

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36C

O

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!lo

char

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olve

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mai

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entr

al s

tory

per

sona

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ilber

in C

harlo

tte's

Web

by

E. B

. Whi

te)

seco

ndar

y ch

arac

tera

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sent

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uppo

rtin

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rson

age

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rlotte

in C

harlo

tte's

Web

by

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te)

cliff

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era

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aves

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read

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Exa

mpl

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"Les

ter

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hatte

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scre

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ma

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early

kno

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I w

ent

afte

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see

med

, Mom

ma

had

pick

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ster

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ack

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fron

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sam

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stan

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oved

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away

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not

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I

LT13

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high

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Exa

mpl

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LT1

5

saw

.

Con

rad,

Pam

. Pra

irie

Son

gs. H

arpe

r C

ollin

s, 1

985.

39

Clic

hé

beyo

nd a

sha

dow

of a

dou

bt

bury

the

hatc

het

grin

ning

from

ear

to e

ar

in th

is d

ay a

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ge

one

in a

mill

ion

or e

xpre

ssio

nLT

I4

Cor

rect

ion

undo

ubte

dly

mak

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ace

smili

ng

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uniq

ue

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rnin

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int o

f the

plo

t or

stor

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tion,

LT16

usua

lly c

hara

cter

ized

by

grea

t int

ensi

ty

Exa

mpl

e

"So

wha

t you

goi

ng to

do?

" I a

sk. "

Sho

ot m

e?"

Tra

vers

is s

o su

rpris

ed h

is ja

w d

rops

. But

I'm

coo

king

now

.N

othi

ng c

an s

top

me.

Bra

ver

than

I ev

er b

een

in m

y lif

e.

"Goi

ng to

sho

ot m

e lik

e th

at d

og I

foun

d up

her

e si

x m

onth

sba

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ith a

bul

let i

n hi

s he

ad?"

Tra

vers

sta

res

som

e m

ore.

"I k

now

who

se b

ulle

t tha

t was

, Jud

d, a

nd I

told

Dad

, and

iffo

lks

find

me

up h

ere

with

a b

ulle

t in

me,

Dad

'II k

now

who

sebu

llet t

hat i

s, to

o."

Nay

lor,

Phy

llis

Rey

nold

s. S

hilo

h. A

then

eum

, 199

1.0

401"

1

L

.1

I

i

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C.,

I

I

clip

ped

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eani

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Exa

mpl

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itive

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rtiv

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dece

ased

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men

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p

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Neg

ativ

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boss

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omin

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g

dead

two-

face

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mor

bidl

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ugly

43

LT1

7

LT1

9

conf

lict

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prim

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pro

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face

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the

LT18

prot

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Exa

mpl

es

(inte

rnal

the

stru

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with

in a

cha

ract

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In H

atch

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y G

ary

Pau

lsen

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n R

obes

on m

ust d

eal w

ith h

isfe

elin

gs a

bout

his

par

ents

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pend

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divo

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(ext

erna

lthe

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trug

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with

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In H

atch

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n R

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on m

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wild

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cycl

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rya

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at e

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whe

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beg

an

Exa

mpl

es

The

Tor

tilla

Fac

tory

("L

a T

ortil

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a")

by G

ary

Pau

lsen

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abou

t the

han

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at p

lant

the

corn

that

eve

ntua

lly b

ecom

esth

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rtill

a th

at fe

eds

the

hand

that

pla

nted

the

corn

.

Loui

se B

rads

haw

in J

acob

Hav

e I L

oved

by

Kat

herin

eP

ater

son

grow

s up

bel

ievi

ng th

at h

er p

aren

ts s

how

par

tialit

yto

her

twin

sis

ter

Car

olin

e be

caus

e C

arol

ine

alm

ost d

ied

as a

baby

. At t

he e

nd o

f the

sto

ry, L

ouis

e, n

ow a

mid

wife

, del

iver

stw

ins

and

devo

tes

her

atte

ntio

n to

the

sick

one

, and

thro

ugh

the

expe

rienc

e co

mes

to te

rms

with

her

jeal

ousy

.

LT20

44(.

71

--

_-

-

V

deno

tatio

nth

e di

ctio

nary

mea

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wor

d

Exa

mpl

e

cons

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adj.

1 w

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kee

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ings

as

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g ag

ains

t cha

nge

and

refo

rm iM

y m

othe

r is

a v

ery

cons

erva

tive

pers

on.]

2 ca

utio

us o

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fe; n

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isky

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ste

in m

usic

; a c

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ive

estim

ate

of c

osts

]n.

a c

onse

rvat

ive

pers

on

Web

ster

's N

ew W

orld

Dic

tiona

ry fo

r Y

oung

Adu

lts.

Sim

on &

Sch

uste

r In

c., 1

992.

1321

dial

ogue

the

exac

t wor

ds s

poke

n by

sto

ry c

hara

cter

s;LT

23

conv

ersa

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Exa

mpl

e

"Mis

s G

omez

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.

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, Fra

nklin

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iss

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ez, m

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rent

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en't

here

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beg

you

r pa

rdon

?""M

y fa

ther

's w

orki

ng. M

y m

othe

r .

.. w

ento

ut."

"Fra

nklin

, you

told

me

they

'd b

e he

re. I

thin

k yo

u sa

id th

eyw

ould

be

char

med

to s

ee m

e."

"I li

ed."

Avi

. Who

Was

Tha

t Mas

ked

Man

, Any

way

? O

rcha

rd,

1992

.

47

dial

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n id

entif

iabl

e re

gion

al, n

atio

nal,

or s

ocia

l gro

up

Exa

mpl

es

'Tw

o da

ys h

e be

gon

e, a

nd h

e co

me

back

and

mak

e a

stor

mar

ound

the

plac

e so

we

all k

now

Joh

n he

mad

e it.

He

be g

one.

"

Pau

lsen

, Gar

y. N

ight

john

. Del

acor

te, 1

993.

"..

.It

ain'

t fitt

in' t

o be

frol

icki

ng w

hen

our

men

from

rig

ht h

ere

onth

e C

reek

are

dyi

n' in

a w

ar a

nd a

ll. M

y so

n da

rsn'

t dis

obey

me

agai

n to

mak

e a

fool

of h

isse

lf. D

o yo

u m

ind

wha

t I s

ay?"

Hou

ston

, Glo

ria. L

ittle

jim. P

hilo

mel

, 199

0.

epith

eta

wor

d or

phr

ase

used

to c

aptu

re a

per

son'

sLT

24

mos

t out

stan

ding

cha

ract

eris

tic

Exa

mpl

es

Abr

aham

Lin

coln

the

Gre

at E

man

cipa

tor

Cat

herin

e, C

alle

d B

irdy

Eth

elre

d th

e U

nrea

dy

Jesu

s th

e M

essi

ah

Pet

er th

e G

reat

48

Jao: aR

mI

a!

aa

epon

yma

wor

d w

hose

orig

in is

a p

erso

n's

nam

e

Exa

mpl

es

Epo

nym

deci

bel

guill

otin

e

past

euriz

e

plat

onic

side

burn

s

tedd

y be

ar

Nam

e

Ale

xand

er G

raha

m B

ell

Jose

ph G

uillo

tin

Loui

s P

aste

ur

Pla

to

Am

bros

e B

urns

ide

Ted

dy R

oose

velt

exce

rpt

a se

lect

ion

exci

sed

from

an

orig

inal

pie

cean

d us

ed in

an

alte

rnat

e se

tting

Exa

mpl

es

A c

hapt

er fr

om T

he L

ion,

the

Witc

h, a

nd th

e W

ardr

obe

is r

eprin

ted

in a

bas

al r

eade

r.

A v

erse

from

the

Chr

istm

as c

arol

"I W

onde

r as

I W

ande

r" is

used

with

in th

e na

rrat

ive

of th

e no

vel J

acob

Hav

e I L

oved

by K

athe

rine

Pat

erso

n.

A p

assa

ge fr

om th

e sh

ort s

tory

"A

Chr

istm

as M

emor

y" is

publ

ishe

d in

a li

tera

ture

ant

holo

gy fo

r yo

ung

read

ers.

51

LT2S

euph

emis

mve

rbia

ge th

at p

uts

a po

sitiv

e, r

espe

ctfu

lLT

26

slan

t on

a ne

gativ

e su

bjec

t

Exa

mpl

es

LT2

7

Eup

hem

ism

"fru

gal"

or "

thrif

ty"

"has

a g

reat

per

sona

lity"

"has

a h

ealth

y ap

petit

e"

"is b

etw

een

jobs

"

Blu

nt T

ruth

"che

apsk

ate"

"is u

gly

to th

e bo

ne"

"eat

s lik

e a

pig"

"is a

lazy

bum

"

falli

ng a

ctio

nth

e pl

ot e

vent

s im

med

iate

ly fo

llow

ing

LT28

the

clim

ax th

at le

ad to

the

reso

lutio

n; d

enou

emen

t

Exa

mpl

e

'We'

re a

lmos

t the

re, G

abrie

l," h

e w

hisp

ered

, fee

ling

quite

cer

tain

with

out k

now

ing

why

. "I r

emem

ber

this

pla

ce, G

abe.

" A

nd it

was

true

. But

it w

as n

ot a

gra

spin

g of

a th

in a

nd b

urde

nsom

ere

colle

ctio

n; th

is w

as d

iffer

ent.

Thi

s w

as s

omet

hing

that

he

coul

dke

ep. I

t was

a m

emor

y of

his

ow

n.

Low

ry L

ois.

The

Giv

er. H

ough

ton

Miff

lin, 1

993.

52r,

01

!a

I8.1

a

, /..--,....-.,,....

aI

--i

cR

!I

4s

figur

ativ

e la

ngua

gecr

eativ

e la

ngua

ge o

rfig

ures

of s

peec

h us

ed in

poe

try

and

pros

e

Exa

mpl

es

hype

rbol

e

idio

m

met

apho

r

pers

onifi

catio

n

sim

ile

LT29

fore

shad

owin

glit

erar

y cl

ues

that

allu

de to

futu

reLT

31

stor

y ev

ents

Exa

mpl

e

The

re a

re tw

o pi

ctur

es o

f Em

mel

ine

Ber

rym

an I

have

froz

enin

my

mem

ory

for

all e

tern

ity, a

nd th

is w

as th

e fir

st. S

he w

asdr

esse

d in

the

mos

t mag

nific

ent v

iole

t dre

ss I

coul

d ev

erre

mem

ber

seei

ng, a

nd a

cros

s he

r la

p la

y a

spar

klin

g pi

nkpa

raso

l flo

unce

d w

ith la

ce a

nd e

yele

t.

But

she

was

n't s

ittin

g up

, rea

dy a

nd a

mus

ed b

y ou

r w

ide-

eyed

, dro

op-ja

wed

wel

com

ing

part

y. S

he w

as s

lum

ped

in a

fain

t aga

inst

the

doct

or, a

nd h

er fa

ce w

as g

ray,

like

win

ter

prai

rie g

rass

bef

ore

a st

orm

.

Con

rad,

Pam

. Pra

irie

Son

gs. H

arpe

r C

ollin

s, 1

985.

55

flash

back

reca

lling

pre

viou

s ev

ents

at a

latte

r po

int

LT30

with

in a

sto

ry; a

nale

psis

Exa

mpl

e

As

I car

esse

d th

e sm

ooth

sur

face

s, m

y m

ind

drift

ed b

ack

thro

ugh

the

year

s, b

ack

to m

y bo

yhoo

d da

ys. H

ow w

onde

rful

the

mem

orie

s w

ere.

Pie

ce b

y pi

ece

the

stor

y un

fold

ed.

Raw

ls, W

ilson

. Whe

re th

e R

ed F

ern

Gro

ws.

Dou

bled

ay, 1

961.

genr

etr

aditi

onal

ly th

e fiv

e m

ajor

cla

ssifi

catio

ns o

flit

erat

ured

ram

a, p

oetr

y, fi

ctio

n, n

onfic

tion,

and

ess

ay;

com

mon

ly r

efer

red

to a

s an

y pa

rtic

ular

type

of p

ublis

hed

writ

ing

char

acte

rized

by

form

or

cont

ent

Exa

mpl

es

biog

raph

y

clas

sic

fictio

n

nonf

ictio

n

rom

ance

wes

tern

56

LT32

co

Cal

JO

1

hero

or

hero

ine

a st

ory

char

acte

r w

ho e

xhib

itsre

mar

kabl

e st

reng

th o

r co

urag

e

Exa

mpl

es

Bria

n R

obes

on fr

om H

atch

et b

y G

ary

Pau

lsen

LT33

Her

cule

s

Joan

of A

rc

Kar

ana

from

Isla

nd o

f the

Blu

e D

olph

ins

by S

cott

O'D

ell

Kit

Tyl

er fr

om T

he W

itch

of B

lack

bird

Pon

d by

Eliz

abet

h G

eorg

eS

pear

e

idio

ma

com

mon

say

ing

uniq

ue to

a g

roup

of p

eopl

eLT

35th

at h

as a

mea

ning

apa

rt fr

om it

s lit

eral

tran

slat

ion;

idio

mat

ic e

xpre

ssio

n

Exa

mpl

es

I kne

w M

ama

mea

nt w

hat s

he s

aid.

Thi

s br

oke

my

hear

t.

Far

dow

n in

the

right

-han

d co

rner

, I fo

und

an a

d th

atto

ok m

y br

eath

aw

ay.

The

way

my

gran

dfat

her

star

ed a

t me

mad

e m

e un

easy

. Iw

as o

n ne

edle

s an

d pi

ns.

Raw

ls, W

ilson

. Whe

re th

e R

ed F

ern

Gro

ws.

Dou

bled

ay,

1961

.

hype

rbol

eth

e us

e of

obv

ious

exc

essi

ve e

xagg

erat

ion

LT34

Exa

mpl

es

The

am

ount

of m

edal

s F

rank

lin D

. Roo

seve

lt ha

d ei

ther

hun

gar

ound

my

neck

or

pinn

ed to

my

fron

t wou

ld h

ave

supp

lied

the

arm

y w

ith e

noug

h m

etal

for

a ta

nk.

Just

the

look

on

the

Cap

tain

's fa

ce r

ippe

d m

y he

art r

ight

out

of

my

ches

t.

Pat

erso

n, K

athe

rine.

Jac

ob H

ave

I Lov

ed. H

arpe

r C

ollin

s, 1

980.

imag

ery

desc

riptiv

e la

ngua

ge th

at e

voke

s m

enta

lim

pres

sion

s of

the

five

sens

es

Exa

mpl

e

The

bla

ck s

tove

, sto

ked

with

coa

l and

fire

woo

d, g

low

s lik

e a

light

ed p

umpk

in. E

ggbe

ater

s w

hirl,

spo

ons

spin

rou

nd in

bow

lsof

but

ter

and

suga

r, v

anill

a sw

eete

ns th

e ai

r, g

inge

r sp

ices

it;

mel

ting,

nos

e-tin

glin

g od

ors

satu

rate

the

kitc

hen,

suf

fuse

the

hous

e, d

rift o

ut to

the

wor

ld o

n pu

ffs o

f chi

mne

y sm

oke.

Cap

ote,

Tru

man

. "A

Chr

istm

as M

emor

y" fr

om B

reak

fast

at

Tiff

any'

s. R

ando

m H

ouse

, 195

8.

LT36

600 .z

r

--...-JI

I

intr

oduc

tion

the

begi

nnin

g of

a p

lot s

eque

nce

that

LT37

acqu

aint

s th

e re

ader

with

cha

ract

ers

and

setti

ng

Exa

mpl

e

May

com

b w

as a

n ol

d to

wn,

but

it w

as a

tire

d ol

d to

wn

whe

nI f

irst k

new

it.

..

.S

omeh

ow, i

t was

hot

ter

then

: a b

lack

dog

suffe

red

on a

sum

mer

's d

ay; b

ony

mul

es h

itche

d to

Hoo

ver.

car

tsfli

cked

flie

s in

the

swel

terin

g sh

ade

of th

e liv

e oa

ks o

n th

e sq

uare

.M

en's

stif

f col

lars

wilt

ed b

y ni

ne in

the

mor

ning

. Lad

ies

bath

edbe

fore

noo

n, a

fter

thei

r th

ree-

o'cl

ock

naps

, and

by

nigh

tfall

wer

elik

e so

ft te

acak

es w

ith fr

ostin

gs o

f sw

eat a

nd s

wee

t tal

cum

. ..

We

lived

on

the

mai

n re

side

ntia

l str

eet i

n to

wnA

tticu

s, J

eman

d I,

plus

Cal

purn

ia o

ur c

ook.

Jem

and

I fo

und

our

fath

ersa

tisfa

ctor

y: h

e pl

ayed

with

us,

rea

d to

us,

and

trea

ted

us w

ithco

urte

ous

deta

chm

ent.

Lee,

Har

per.

To

Kill

a M

ocki

ngbi

rd. L

ippi

ncot

t, 19

60.

jarg

onco

nver

satio

nal l

angu

age

uniq

ue to

a g

roup

,LT

39

trad

e, o

r pr

ofes

sion

Exa

mpl

esba

seba

llsou

thpa

w, d

uste

r, g

reen

fly,

hot

cor

ner,

Sir

Cha

rles

cow

boyt

aran

tula

juic

e, b

ite th

e du

st, t

ende

rfoo

t, ru

bber

neck

dine

rsun

nysi

de u

p, o

n th

e si

de, s

urf a

nd tu

rf

hip-

hopc

hill,

dis

, hom

eboy

, def

, fly

teac

herh

elic

opte

r pa

rent

, mar

ble

pala

ce, d

eep

snea

kers

, SS

R

63

irony

the

cont

rast

bet

wee

n th

e w

ay s

omet

hing

appe

ars

to b

e an

d w

hat i

t act

ually

is

Exa

mpl

e

The

re w

as a

fune

ral s

ervi

ce fo

r he

r in

the

chur

ch. .

..

Nei

ther

she

nor

the

Cap

tain

had

bee

n to

chu

rch

for

aslo

ng a

s an

yone

cou

ld r

emem

ber,

but

the

prea

cher

inth

ose

days

was

you

ng a

nd e

arne

st a

nd g

ave

her

wha

tw

as w

arm

ly r

egar

ded

as a

"rig

ht p

urty

ser

vice

."

Pat

erso

n, K

athe

rine.

Jac

ob H

ave

I Lov

ed.

Har

perC

ollin

s, 1

980.

kenn

ing

a br

ief m

etap

hor

or s

tock

phr

ase

used

inpl

ace

of a

mor

e fa

mili

ar te

rm

Exa

mpl

es

Ken

ning

Ter

m

bone

hou

sebo

dy

firew

ater

whi

skey

sky

cand

lesu

n

64

LT38

LT40

et

liter

rlic

ee

_li

e r

fr.-

......

.,....

..-..I

''

4 4

I

liter

t re

linea

r st

ory

a st

ory

that

beg

ins

at o

ne p

oint

and

end

sLT

41

at a

dis

tant

poi

nt

Exa

mpl

es

In P

ilgrim

's P

rogr

ess

by J

ohn

Bun

yan,

the

pilg

rim n

amed

Chr

istia

n em

bark

s up

on a

trea

cher

ous

jour

ney.

He

enco

unte

rsm

any

phys

ical

and

spi

ritua

l obs

tacl

es a

long

the

way

, but

thro

ugh

dete

rmin

atio

n he

mak

es it

to th

e C

eles

tial C

ity.

At t

he b

egin

ning

of J

ustin

and

the

Bes

t Bis

cuits

in th

eW

orld

by

Mild

red

Pitt

s W

alte

r, J

ustin

is a

n im

mat

ure,

lazy

youn

g m

an. A

fter

spen

ding

tim

e at

his

gra

ndfa

ther

's r

anch

,Ju

stin

lear

ns th

e im

port

ance

of r

espo

nsib

ility

.

liter

atur

ecr

eativ

e w

ritin

g of

uni

vers

ally

rec

ogni

zed

artis

tic v

alue

Exa

mpl

es

clas

sic

nove

l

essa

y

play

poem

shor

t sto

ry

67

liter

ary

licen

seth

e au

thor

's r

ight

to b

reak

the

rule

s of

LT42

stan

dard

spe

lling

, gra

mm

ar, a

nd p

unct

uatio

n fo

r th

e sa

keof

cre

ativ

ity

Exa

mpl

e

Gar

y P

auls

en's

use

of f

ragm

ente

d se

nten

ces

to c

reat

e a

cont

empl

ativ

e ef

fect

:

But

ther

e w

as o

ne d

og w

ho ta

ught

me

the

mos

t.Ju

st o

ne d

og.

Sto

rm.

Firs

t dog

.

Pau

lsen

, Gar

y. W

oods

ong.

Vik

ing,

199

0.

LT43

mal

apro

pism

the

mis

use

of w

ords

cha

ract

eriz

ed b

yLT

44

conf

usio

n w

ith s

imila

r te

rms

Exa

mpl

e

"May

be s

he's

got

som

e m

yste

rious

illn

ess

and

does

n't

wan

t to

be a

bur

den

to h

im."

"Who

?""M

r. R

ice'

s fin

ance

." I

had

pick

ed u

p th

e w

ord,

but

not

the

pron

unci

atio

n fr

om m

y re

adin

g. It

was

not

in th

esp

oken

voc

abul

ary

of m

ost i

slan

ders

."H

is w

hat?

"'T

he w

oman

he'

s en

gage

d to

mar

ry, s

tupi

d."

Pat

erso

n, K

athe

rine.

Jac

ob H

ave

I Lov

ed.

Har

perC

ollin

s, 1

980.

684:

18_

1

--

!ala

mei

osis

a fo

rm o

f und

erst

atem

ent w

here

byso

met

hing

is r

efer

red

to in

less

-tha

n-ac

cura

te te

rms

Exa

mpl

es

Mer

cutio

from

Rom

eo a

nd J

ulie

t ref

ers

to h

is m

orta

lw

ound

as

a "s

crat

ch."

Vin

cent

van

Gog

h w

as a

par

t-tim

e do

odle

r.

Whi

tney

Hou

ston

can

car

ry a

tune

.

LT45

met

apho

ra

com

paris

on b

etw

een

two

dist

inct

obj

ects

LT46

that

doe

s no

t use

the

wor

ds li

ke o

r as

met

era

syst

emat

ic p

atte

rn a

nd m

easu

re o

f rhy

thm

LT47

used

in p

oetr

y

Exa

mpl

es

Bas

ic M

etric

al F

eet a

nd S

ymbo

ls

iam

b»

/

troc

hee

/ »

dact

yl/ »

»

anap

est

» »

/

spon

dee

//(I

= s

tres

sed

sylla

ble;

» =

uns

tres

sed

sylla

ble)

71

Exa

mpl

es

The

cow

s w

atch

ed, t

heir

eyes

sad

in th

eir

dinn

er-p

late

face

s.A

nd I

slep

t, dr

eam

ing

a pe

rfec

t dre

am. T

he fi

elds

had

turn

ed to

ase

a th

at g

leam

ed li

ke s

un o

n gl

ass.

And

Sar

ah w

as h

appy

.

Mac

Lach

lan,

Pat

ricia

. Sar

ah, P

lain

and

Tal

l. H

arpe

rCol

lins,

198

5.

Gor

dy's

face

turn

ed w

hite

. I w

as s

tand

ing

so c

lose

to h

im I

coul

dse

e th

e co

nste

llatio

ns o

f fre

ckle

s on

his

face

, the

tiny

net

wor

k of

blu

eve

ins

at h

is te

mpl

es, t

he p

urpl

e sc

ar o

ver

his

eyeb

row

, the

yel

low

ing

brui

ses

on h

is fa

ce.

Hah

n, M

ary

Dow

ning

. Ste

ppin

g on

the

Cra

cks.

Cla

rion,

199

1.

met

onym

yre

plac

ing

the

nam

e of

one

thin

g w

ithth

e na

me

of a

noth

er c

lose

ly a

ssoc

iate

d th

ing

Exa

mpl

es

Met

onym

the

bottl

e

the

Ova

l Offi

ce

the

pen

the

pres

s

the

swor

d

Ter

m

alco

hol

the

Pre

side

nt

writ

ing

jour

nalis

m

war

fare

LT48 72

0 ID 0 0

... ..-...........,/,....,-IJ

moo

dth

e ge

nera

l fee

ling

evok

ed in

a r

eade

r th

roug

hLT

49

the

auth

or's

use

of w

ords

Exa

mpl

e

With

that

he

rais

ed h

imse

lf to

one

elb

ow a

nd b

egan

to d

rag

him

self

dow

n th

e ro

ad. T

he b

oys

and

I, ca

ndy

cane

s in

han

d,st

ood

mot

ionl

ess.

We

wat

ched

Mr.

Joh

n W

alla

ce to

see

if h

ew

ould

rai

se th

e sh

otgu

n ag

ain.

Jer

emy,

the

cand

y ca

ne in

his

pock

et, w

atch

ed to

o. W

e al

l wai

ted

for

the

seco

nd c

lick

of th

esh

otgu

n. B

ut o

nly

the

crie

s of

Mr.

Tom

Bee

as

he in

ched

his

way

alon

g th

e ro

ad r

ippe

d th

e si

lenc

e. "

John

! Joh

n! J

ohn!

" he

crie

dov

er a

nd o

ver

agai

n. "

Ya

hear

me,

Joh

n? T

ill th

e ju

dgm

ent d

ay!

John

! Joh

n! J

OH

N!"

The

re w

as n

o ot

her

soun

d.

Tay

lor,

Mild

red

D. T

he F

riend

ship

. Dia

l, 19

87.

mot

ivat

ion

a st

ory

char

acte

r's r

easo

n fo

r ex

hibi

ting

aLT

51

part

icul

ar b

ehav

ior

Exa

mpl

e

..

.S

on, d

idn'

t you

kno

w w

hat h

er fi

ts w

ere?

"

Jem

sho

ok h

is h

ead.

75_

"Mrs

. Dub

ose

was

a m

orph

ine

addi

ct,"

sai

d A

tticu

s..

..

"She

sai

dsh

e w

as g

oing

to le

ave

this

wor

ld b

ehol

den

to n

othi

ng a

nd n

obod

y.Je

m, w

hen

you'

re s

ick

as s

he w

as, i

t's a

ll rig

ht to

take

any

thin

g to

mak

e it

easi

er, b

ut it

was

n't a

ll rig

ht fo

r he

r. S

he s

aid

she

mea

nt to

brea

k he

rsel

f of i

t bef

ore

she

died

, and

that

's w

hat s

he d

id."

Lee,

Har

per.

To

Kill

a M

ocki

ngbi

rd. L

ippi

ncot

t, 19

60.

75

mor

ala

less

on o

r pr

inci

ple

inte

ntio

nally

com

mun

icat

edLT

50th

roug

h th

e fo

rm o

f a s

tory

Exa

mpl

es

"Do

unto

oth

ers

as y

ou w

ould

hav

e th

em d

o un

to y

ou."

"Mis

ery

love

s co

mpa

ny."

"Slo

w a

nd s

tead

y w

ins

the

race

."

"You

are

judg

ed b

y th

e co

mpa

ny y

ou k

eep.

"

"You

can

't pl

ease

eve

rybo

dy."

Aes

op's

Fab

les

narr

ativ

ean

y fo

rm o

f writ

ing

that

tells

a s

tory

Exa

mpl

es

anec

dote

epic

nove

l

nove

lla

shor

t sto

ry

LT52

76

co

j

7J

.

..,,..eT

narr

ator

the

pers

on te

lling

the

stor

y, u

sual

lyLT53

a ch

arac

ter

or th

e au

thor

Exa

mpl

es

Titl

e/G

enre

To

Kill

a M

ocki

ngbi

rd

Linc

oln:

A P

hoto

biog

raph

y

The

Sto

ry o

f My

Life

Cha

rlotte

's W

eb

The

Tru

e S

tory

of t

he T

hree

Littl

e P

igs

wor

dles

s pi

ctur

e bo

ok

auto

biog

raph

y

Nar

rato

r

Sco

ut F

inch

(ch

arac

ter)

Rus

sell

Fre

edm

an (

auth

or)

Hel

en K

elle

r (a

utho

r/su

bjec

t)

E. B

. Whi

te (

auth

or)

the

wol

f (ch

arac

ter)

the

illus

trat

or/th

e re

ader

the

subj

ect (

auth

or)

oxym

oron

the

com

bine

d us

e of

term

s th

at s

eem

to b

e co

ntra

dict

ory

Exa

mpl

es

jum

bo s

hrim

p

orig

inal

cop

y

holy

war

just

ifiab

le h

omic

ide

deat

h be

nefit

s

unbi

ased

opi

nion

'79

swee

t sor

row

rand

om p

atte

rn

awfu

lly n

ice

free

zer

burn

blac

k lig

ht

urba

n co

wbo

y

LT55

onom

atop

oeia

the

use

of w

ords

that

imita

te s

ound

sLT54

Exa

mpl

es

A n

oise

loud

er th

an th

unde

r ca

me

thro

ugh

the

door

. Ker

-chu

g.K

er-c

hug.

Whe

ep, c

ame

the

soun

d. K

er-c

hug.

Ker

-chu

g. W

heep

.

Hou

ston

, Glo

ria. L

ittle

jim. P

hilo

mel

, 199

0.

Wat

erm

elon

see

d nu

mbe

r th

ree

leav

es B

en's

gar

age

with

ath

unde

rous

gaz

onk.

Zin

g, a

nd it

's g

one.

Bird

seye

, Tom

. I'm

Goi

ng to

Be

Fam

ous.

Hol

iday

Hou

se,

1986.

pace

the

rate

at w

hich

a s

tory

mov

es a

long

,de

fined

by

the

tens

ion

betw

een

desc

riptiv

e pa

ssag

esan

d ac

tion

sequ

ence

Exa

mpl

es

rapi

d

rolle

rcoa

ster

slow

stea

dy

stop

and

go

80

LT56

0 In

WI

6-

L

11_ -ail

1.

I

1

1

I-

I

fib

II

palin

drom

ea

wor

d or

phr

ase

that

rea

ds th

e sa

me

LT57

para

dox

a st

atem

ent o

r si

tuat

ion

whe

reby

two

LT58

both

forw

ard

and

back

war

dop

posi

ng c

ondi

tions

exi

st s

imul

tane

ousl

y0

Exa

mpl

esE

xam

ple

A m

an, a

pla

n, a

can

al, P

anam

a.o

Afte

r th

e N

azis

beg

an to

use

pol

ice

dogs

to s

niff

out h

idde

n

Mad

am, I

'm A

dam

.pa

ssen

gers

on

the

fishi

ng b

oats

, Sw

edis

h sc

ient

ists

wor

ked

swift

lyto

pre

vent

suc

h de

tect

ion.

The

y cr

eate

d a

pow

erfu

l pow

der

Tun

a ro

ll or

a n

ut?

com

pose

d of

drie

d ra

bbit'

s bl

ood

and

coca

ine;

the

bloo

d

Was

it E

liot's

toile

t I s

aw?

attr

acte

d th

e do

gs, a

nd w

hen

they

sni

ffed

at it

, the

coc

aine

num

bed

thei

r no

ses

and

dest

roye

d, te

mpo

raril

y, th

eir

sens

e of

Wow

!sm

ell.

Alm

ost e

very

boa

t cap

tain

use

d su

ch a

per

mea

ted

Sm

ith, D

ona.

Wo!

Nem

o, T

oss

a La

sso

to M

eha

ndke

rchi

ef, a

nd m

any

lives

wer

e sa

ved

by th

e de

vice

.

Now

! Sch

olas

tic, 1

993.

Low

ry L

ois.

Num

ber

the

Sta

rs. H

ough

ton

Miff

lin, 1

989.

paro

dyth

e im

itatio

n of

an

auth

or's

sty

le o

rLT

59pe

rson

ifica

tion

attr

ibut

ing

hum

an c

hara

cter

istic

s to

LT60

liter

ary

wor

k, m

ost c

omm

only

for

amus

emen

tno

nhum

an o

bjec

ts

Exa

Mpl

esE

xam

ple

Par

ody

Titl

es:

Goo

flum

ps: S

tay

Out

of t

he B

athr

oom

by

R. U

. Slim

e

Pol

itica

lly C

orre

ct B

edtim

e S

torie

s by

Jam

es F

inn

Gar

ner

The

Nig

ht B

efor

e T

hank

sgiv

ing

by D

ay P

ilkey

The

Stin

ky C

hees

e M

an a

nd O

ther

Fai

rly S

tupi

d T

ales

by J

on S

cies

ka a

nd L

ane

Sm

ith

The

Thr

ee L

ittle

Wol

ves

and

the

Big

Bad

Wol

fby

Eug

ene

Triv

izas

83

"For

ye

shal

l go

out w

ith jo

y, a

nd b

e le

d fo

rth

with

pea

ce: t

hem

ount

ains

and

the

hills

sha

ll br

eak

fort

h be

fore

you

into

sin

ging

,an

d al

l the

tree

s of

the

field

sha

ll cl

ap [t

heir)

han

ds."

Isai

ah 5

5:12

The

Hol

y B

ible

(K

IV)

The

ligh

tnin

g lit

up

ever

ythi

ng e

lse.

Onl

y th

e m

outh

of t

he c

ave

stay

ed d

ark,

bla

ck a

s de

ath

itsel

f.

Wal

lace

, Bill

. Tra

pped

in D

eath

Cav

e. H

olid

ay H

ouse

, 198

4.

BE

ST C

OPY

AV

AIL

AB

LE

,

84

It

_=I

Fri

tilic

eet

ic

plag

iaris

mpa

ssin

g of

f the

writ

ings

of a

noth

er p

erso

nLT

61

as o

ne's

ow

n

Exa

mpl

es'T

he G

etty

sbur

g A

ddre

ss"

by R

. How

ard

Blo

unt,

Jr.

Cop

ying

a r

epor

t ver

batim

from

an

ency

clop

edia

Not

quo

ting

sour

ces

poet

ic ju

stic

ea

dese

rved

hap

py e

ndin

g fo

r he

roes

LT63

and

a ba

d fa

te fo

r vi

llain

s

Exa

mpl

esA

t the

end

of T

rapp

ed in

Dea

th C

ave

by B

ill W

alla

ce,

gree

dy O

die

Ral

ston

falls

into

a r

attle

snak

e pi

t and

isfo

und

dead

with

fifty

fang

mar

ks o

n hi

s bo

dy.

At t

he e

nd o

f Shi

loh

by P

hylli

s R

eyno

lds

Nay

lor,

the

love

and

care

that

Mar

ty s

how

s S

hilo

h ev

entu

ally

mak

e th

edo

g be

com

e hi

s. 87

BE

ST C

OPY

AV

AiL

AB

LE

plot

the

sequ

ence

of s

tory

eve

nts

Exa

mpl

esbe

ginn

ing,

mid

dle,

end

intr

oduc

tion,

ris

ing

actio

n, c

limax

, fal

ling

actio

n, r

esol

utio

n

clim

ax

risin

g ac

tion

falli

ng a

ctio

n

intr

oduc

tion

reso

lutio

n

LT62

poet

ic li

cens

eth

e po

et's

free

dom

to d

epar

t fro

mLT

64

conv

entio

nal p

oetic

dev

ices

Exa

mpl

ese.

e. c

umm

ings

is k

now

n fo

r w

ritin

g al

mos

t exc

lusi

vely

inlo

wer

case

lette

rs a

s w

ell a

s us

ing

unco

nven

tiona

l pun

ctua

tion.

Som

e po

ets

use

irreg

ular

sho

rten

ed fo

rms

of w

ords

suc

h as

"o'

er"

for

"ove

r,"

"tan

e" fo

r "t

aken

," o

r'"

heav

en""

for

"hea

ven"

for

the

sake

of

rhyt

hm o

r rh

yme.

A p

oet m

ay w

rite

a lin

e in

rev

erse

ord

er s

uch

as 'T

o th

e se

a he

wen

t,"ra

ther

than

"H

e w

ent t

o th

e se

a" fo

r th

e sa

ke o

f rhy

thm

or

rhym

e.

Writ

ers

of fr

ee v

erse

invo

ke th

eir

right

to c

reat

e th

eir

own

rule

s of

writ

ing.

Whe

n yo

ung

poet

s ha

ve le

arne

d th

e ru

les

of g

ram

mar

,pu

nctu

atio

n, a

nd s

tyle

, the

y m

ay th

en c

hoos

e to

sac

rific

e th

e ru

les

of w

ritin

g in

ord

er to

enh

ance

cre

ativ

ity.

88

et

I.1

A

poin

t of v

iew

the

pers

pect

ive

from

whi

ch a

sto

ryis

told

Exa

mpl

es

first

per

sont

he s

tory

told

from

the

auth

or's

or

one

char

acte

r's p

ersp

ectiv

e, c

hara

cter

ized

by

use

of th

epr

onou

ns I,

me,

my,

we,

us,

and

our

third

per

son

omni

scie

ntth

e na

rrat

or te

lls th

e st

ory

from

the

pers

pect

ive

of m

ore

than

one

cha

ract

er

third

per

son

limite

dthe

nar

rato

r te

lls th

e st

ory

from

one

char

acte

r's p

ersp

ectiv

e

prot

agon

ist

the

mai

n ch

arac

ter

in a

sto

ry; t

hehe

ro o

r he

roin

e

Exa

mpl

es

Bria

n R

obes

on in

Hat

chet

by

Gar

y P

auls

en

Loui

se B

rads

haw

in J

acob

Hav

e I L

oved

by

Kat

herin

e P

ater

son

Bill

y C

olm

an in

Whe

re th

e R

ed F

ern

Gro

ws

by W

ilson

Raw

ls

Luca

s C

ott i

n C

lass

Clo

wn

by J

ohan

na H

urw

itz

Wilb

ur in

Cha

rlotte

's W

eb b

y E

. B. W

hite

LT65

port

man

teau

wor

dsw

ords

with

dua

l mea

ning

s th

atLT

66ha

ve b

een

blen

ded

thro

ugh

com

mon

usa

ge

Exa

mpl

es

LT67

91

t.)

Por

tman

teau

Wor

ds

blee

p

brun

ch

fort

nigh

t

good

bye

mot

el

Orig

inal

Wor

ds

blan

kout

+ b

eep

brea

kfas

t + lu

nch

four

teen

+ n

ight

s

God

+ b

e (w

ith)

+ y

e

mot

or +

hot

el

pun

a pl

ay o

n w

ords

invo

lvin

g tw

o si

mila

r-so

undi

ngLT

68w

ords

that

hav

e di

stin

ctiv

e m

eani

ngs

Exa

mpl

es

"Bee

it e

ver

so b

umbl

e, th

ere'

s no

pla

ce li

ke c

omb.

"'T

wo

mag

gots

wer

e fig

htin

g in

dea

d E

rnes

t.""E

at d

rink

and

be m

erry

for

tom

orro

w y

ou m

ay d

iet."

Gilb

reth

, Fra

nk B

. and

Ern

estin

e G

. Car

ey. C

heap

er b

y th

e D

ozen

.C

row

ell,

1948

, 196

3.

The

cou

rse

was

list

ed in

the

FB

I ref

resh

er c

atal

og a

s: S

LIM

E A

ND

PU

NIS

HM

EN

T 3

A

A o

ne-d

ay in

tens

ive

sem

inar

on

nipp

ing

inse

ct n

o-go

odsk

ies

in th

ebu

g, p

rese

nted

by

one

of th

e na

tion'

s fo

rem

ost s

lime

fight

ers.

Has

s, E

. A. I

ncog

nito

Mos

quito

Flie

s A

gain

. Ran

dom

Hou

se, 0

1985

.

92

ter

t ti --

"....

......

..-...

^..-

-.

reen

_r

purp

ose

the

auth

or's

rea

son

for

writ

ing

alit

erar

y pi

ece

Exa

mpl

es

to d

escr

ibe

to e

nter

tain

to in

form

to p

ersu

ade

LT69

redu

ndan

cyth

e un

nece

ssar

y se

quen

tial u

se o

f tw

oLT

71

or m

ore

wor

ds w

ith id

entic

al o

r si

mila

r m

eani

ngs;

over

blow

n ph

rasi

ng

Exa

mpl

e

"Did

Mam

a si

ng e

very

day

?" a

sked

Cal

eb. "

Eve

ry-s

ingl

e-da

y?"

He

sat c

lose

to th

e fir

e, h

is c

hin

in h

is h

and.

It w

as d

usk,

and

the

dogs

lay

besi

de h

im o

n th

e w

arm

hea

rths

tone

s.

"Eve

ry-s

ingl

e-da

y" I

told

him

for

the

seco

nd ti

me

this

wee

k. F

or th

etw

entie

th ti

me

this

mon

th. T

he h

undr

edth

tim

e th

is y

ear?

And

the

past

few

yea

rs?

Mac

Lac

hlan

, Pat

ricia

. Sar

ah, P

lain

and

Tal

l. H

arpe

r C

ollin

s, 1

985.

Oth

er E

xam

ples

pain

and

suf

ferin

gco

ol, c

alm

, and

col

lect

ed

in a

ny w

ay, s

hape

, or

form

the

exac

t sam

e th

ing

95

quot

e or

quo

tatio

na

refe

renc

e to

the

exac

t wor

dsLT

70

spok

en b

y an

othe

r w

ell-k

now

n pe

rson

or

used

in a

reco

gniz

ed li

tera

ry w

ork

Exa

mpl

es

"He

who

wou

ld b

e no

sla

ve, m

ust c

onse

nt to

hav

e no

sla

ve.

Tho

se w

ho d

eny

free

dom

to o

ther

s, d

eser

ve it

not

for

them

selv

es;

and,

und

er a

just

God

, can

not l

ong

reta

in it

." F

rom

a le

tter

to H

.L.

Pie

rce

and

othe

rs, A

pril

6, 1

859.

Fre

edm

an, R

usse

ll. L

inco

ln: A

Pho

tobi

ogra

phy.

Cla

rion,

198

7.

"It i

s no

nvio

lenc

e on

ly w

hen

we

love

thos

e th

at h

ate

us,"

Gan

dhi

had

writ

ten

befo

re h

is d

eath

.

Fis

her,

Leo

nard

Eve

rett.

Gan

dhi.

Ath

eneu

m, 1

995.

repe

titio

nth

e ef

fect

ive

use

of r

ecur

rent

wor

ds, p

hras

es,

LT72

inci

dent

s, th

emes

, im

ages

, or

sym

bols

in a

lite

rary

pie

ce

Exa

mpl

es

'Tom

orro

w, a

nd to

mor

row

, and

tom

orro

w,

Cre

eps

in th

is p

etty

pac

e fr

om d

ay to

day

"S

hake

spea

re, W

illia

m. M

acbe

th.

Wer

e th

e w

hole

wor

ld g

ood

as y

ouno

t an

atom

bet

ter

Wer

e it

just

as

pure

and

true

,Ju

st a

s pu

re a

nd tr

ue a

s yo

u;Ju

st a

s st

rong

in fa

ith a

nd w

orks

;Ju

st a

s fr

ee fr

om c

rafty

qui

rks;

All

exto

rtio

n, a

ll de

ceit;

Sch

emes

its

neig

hbor

s to

def

eat;

Sch

emes

its

neig

hbor

s to

def

raud

;S

chem

es s

ome

culp

rit to

app

laud

Wou

ld th

is w

orld

be

bette

r?A

nony

mou

s, e

xcer

pt fr

om 'T

he Q

uest

ion"

BE

ST C

OPY

AV

AIL

AB

LE

96

co ut

A

..-......,..........

R I

8.1-

j-

reso

lutio

nth

e fin

al p

lot c

ompo

nent

imm

edia

tely

follo

win

g th

e fa

lling

act

ion;

the

outc

ome

of a

sto

ry

Exa

mpl

e

And

ther

e ca

me

a da

y w

hen

it w

as d

one.

"Don

e fo

r no

w,"

Mic

k sa

id. "

It w

on't

real

ly b

e do

ne u

ntil

the

tree

s ar

e fu

ll gr

ownf

orty

or

fifty

yea

rsan

d th

en s

till w

on't

bedo

ne u

ntil

ther

e ar

e no

mor

e na

mes

or

tree

s to

put

in. B

ut d

one

for

now

."

LT73

rhym

ein

poe

try

the

repe

titiv

e us

e of

wor

ds o

r en

ding

sylla

bles

that

sha

re th

e sa

me

soun

d

Exa

mpl

es

We

wer

e st

andi

ngT

ru, M

ick,

Pyt

hon,

and

I w

ere

stan

ding

by

the

end

of th

e m

onum

ent a

rea.

It w

as d

one

and

in s

ome

way

look

ed li

keit

had

alw

ays

been

ther

e.

Pau

lsen

, Gar

y. T

he M

onum

ent.

Del

acor

te, 1

991.

rhym

e sc

hem

e

Exa

mpl

es

Pat

tern

s:

coup

let

limer

ick

quat

rain

a st

anda

rd r

hym

ing

patte

rnLT

75

aabb

cc

aabb

a

abab

abc

b ab

ba

99

sand

/ban

d

labo

r/ne

ighb

or

curio

us/fu

rious

wal

k/ta

lk

fiddl

er/r

iddl

er

synd

icat

e/vi

ndic

ate

show

/kno

w

ocea

n/m

otio

n

conf

orm

ity/e

norm

ity

rhyt

hma

poet

ic b

eat u

sing

ligh

t and

hea

vy s

tres

spa

ttern

s; th

e ha

rmon

ious

pat

tern

of s

ylla

bles

in p

rose

Exa

mpl

es

iam

bic

pent

amet

er

iam

bic

tetr

amet

er

anap

estic

trim

eter

dact

ylic

tetr

amet

er

troc

haic

tetr

amet

er

BE

ST C

OPY

AV

AIL

AB

LE

100

LT74

LT76

(:)

and

risin

g ac

tion

the

plot

eve

nts

that

lead

to th

e cl

imax

;LT

77

com

plic

atio

n

Exa

mpl

e

1. F

ern

save

s W

ilbur

's li

fe.

2. W

ilbur

is s

old

to th

e Z

ucke

rman

s.

3. W

ilbur

get

s lo

nely

at h

is n

ew h

ome.

4. W

ilbur

mee

ts C

harlo

tte a

nd th

ey b

ecom

e fr

iend

s.

5. W

ilbur

lear

ns h

e is

set

to b

e bu

tche

red.

6. C

harlo

tte b

egin

s to

writ

e co

mpl

imen

tary

wor

ds a

bout

Wilb

ur in

her

web

.

base

d on

Cha

rlotte

's W

eb b

y E

. B. W

hite

scen

ein

dra

ma,

the

subd

ivis

ion

of a

pla

y or

an

act;

LT79

one

even

t in

a st

ory

Exa

mpl

es

The

par

t in

Sha

kesp

eare

's H

amle

t whe

re H

amle

t giv

es h

is fa

mou

sm

onol

ogue

The

par

t in

Will

iam

Gib

son'

s T

he M

iracl

e W

orke

r w

here

Hel

enK

elle

r fir

st u

nder

stan

ds fi

nger

spel

ling

The

par

t in

E. B

. Whi

te's

Cha

rlotte

's W

eb w

here

Cha

rlotte

firs

t writ

esa

wor

d in

her

web

The

par

t in

Kat

herin

e P

ater

son'

s Ja

cob

Hav

e I L

oved

whe

re L

ouis

eco

mes

to te

rms

with

her

sib

ling

rival

ry

103

satir

ehu

mor

ous

moc

kery

of t

he fo

lly, v

ice,

or

stup

idity

of d

eser

ving

indi

vidu

als

or in

stitu

tions

in h

ope

of e

ffect

ing

refo

rm

Exa

mpl

es

Aes

op's

Fab

les

Alic

e in

Won

derla

nd b

y Le

wis

Car

roll

Ani

mal

Far

m b

y G

eorg

e O

rwel

l

Bra

ve N

ew W

orld

by

Ald

ous

Hux

ley

Gul

liver

's T

rave

ls b

y Jo

nath

an S

wift

Van

ity F

air

by W

illia

m M

akep

eace

Tha

cker

ay

LT78

sequ

ence

of e

vent

sth

e st

anda

rd p

lot f

low

LT80

intr

oduc

tion,

ris

ing

actio

n, c

limax

, fal

ling

actio

n, r

esol

utio

n

Exa

mpl

es

1. A

t age

14,

Lou

ise

Bra

dsha

w h

as a

lway

s fe

lt he

r pa

rent

s ga

vepr

efer

entia

l tre

atm

ent t

o he

r tw

in C

arol

ine.

2. C

arol

ine

even

tual

ly e

nrol

ls a

t Jui

lliar

d, th

en m

arrie

s Lo

uise

's b

est

frie

nd, C

all P

urne

ll.

3. E

mbi

ttere

d, L

ouis

e le

aves

hom

e to

find

her

ow

n w

ay.

4. L

ouis

e be

com

es a

mid

wife

, mar

ries,

and

bec

omes

a m

othe

r.

5. W

hen

she

deliv

ers

a se

t of t

win

s, s

he s

udde

nly

com

es to

term

sw

ith h

er b

itter

ness

.

base

d on

Jac

ob H

ave

I Lov

ed b

y K

athe

rine

Pat

erso

n

104

I!!

setti

ngth

e tim

e an

d pl

ace

in w

hich

a s

tory

take

s pl

ace

LT81

Exa

mpl

es

Tim

eP

lace

Titl

e an

d A

utho

r

1906

The

Fut

ure

Mod

ern

Day

Wor

ld W

ar II

Sep

t. 12

, 129

0S

ept.

23, 1

291

Flo

rida

Eve

rgla

des

The

Com

mun

ity

Sea

grov

e, O

rego

n

The

Car

ibbe

an S

ea

Sto

nebr

idge

Man

or,

Eng

land

Lost

man

's R

iver

by

Cyn

thia

De

Fel

ice

The

Giv

er b

y Lo

isLo

wry

I'm G

oing

to B

eF

amou

s by

Tom

Bird

seye

The

Cay

by

The

odor

eT

aylo

r

Cat

herin

e, C

alle

dB

irdy

by K

aren

Cus

hman

slan

gno

nsta

ndar

d co

lorf

ul s

ayin

gs o

r te

rms;

irrev

eren

t str

eet l

angu

age

Exa

mpl

e

Tho

mas

say

s th

e ki

ng a

nd th

e pe

ople

of h

is c

ourt

hav

ech

osen

eac

h hi

s ow

n sp

ecia

l pro

fani

ty s

o th

at th

ey d

on't

have

to s

ay "

Deu

s!"

or "

Cor

pus

bone

s!"

or "

Ben

edic

ite!"

as

we

ordi

nary

folk

do.

The

kin

g sa

ys "

God

's b

reat

h!"

His

son

say

s"G

od's

teet

h!"

Tho

mas

say

s "G

od's

feet

!" I,

not

bei

ng o

rdin

ary

shal

l cho

ose

one

also

. I w

ill tr

y on

e on

eac

h da

y an

d se

e w

hat

fits

me

best

. Tod

ay it

is: G

od's

face

!

Cus

hman

, Kar

en. C

athe

rine,

Cal

led

Bird

y. C

lario

n, 1

994.

sim

ilea

com

paris

on b

etw

een

two

dist

inct

obj

ects

,LT

82

usin

g th

e w

ords

like

or

as

Exa

mpl

es

The

pra

irie

was

like

a g

iant

pla

te, s

tret

chin

g al

l the

way

to th

e sk

y at

the

edge

s.

Con

rad,

Pam

. Pra

irie

Son

gs. H

arpe

r C

ollin

s, 1

985.

Mrs

. Und

erw

ood

look

ed to

be

mad

e of

drie

d-ou

t app

les.

She

was

sm

all a

nd ti

ght a

nd d

ry, j

ust l

ike

her

hous

e, b

utw

ith a

shi

ne th

at a

ttrac

ted

me.

She

sho

ok m

y ha

nd, a

ndhe

r th

in c

ool f

inge

rs fe

lt lik

e tw

igs

that

cou

ld b

e sn

appe

d in

a m

inut

e.

Ryl

ant,

Cyn

thia

. Mis

sing

May

. Orc

hard

, 199

2.

LT83

stan

zaa

divi

sion

with

in a

poe

m, c

onsi

stin

g of

anu

mbe

r of

rel

ated

line

s

107

BE

ST C

OPY

AV

AIL

AB

LE

Exa

mpl

e"S

hena

ndoa

h"

Oh,

She

nand

oah,

I lo

ng to

hea

r yo

u,A

nd s

ee y

our

rolli

ng r

iver

,O

h, S

hena

ndoa

h, I

long

to h

ear

you,

Aw

ay, I

'm b

ound

aw

ay, '

Cro

ss th

e w

ide

Mis

sour

i.

Tis

sev

'n lo

ng y

ears

sin

ce la

st I

saw

you

,A

nd h

eard

you

r ro

lling

riv

er,

Tis

sev

'n lo

ng y

ears

sin

ce la

st I

saw

you

,A

way

, I'm

bou

nd a

way

, 'C

ross

the

wid

e M

isso

uri.

Whe

n fir

st I

took

a r

ambl

ing

notio

nT

o le

ave

your

rol

ling

river

,T

o sa

il ac

ross

the

brin

y oc

ean,

Aw

ay, I

'm b

ound

aw

ay, '

Cro

ss th

e w

ide

Mis

sour

i.

Am

eric

an R

iver

Sha

nty

LT84

108

'S

T I

..041111011

811

S 811

601Lti

8 811

9 811

styl

ean

aut

hor's

uni

que

way

of w

ritin

gcre

ativ

e or

LT85

reco

gniz

able

use

s of

them

e, d

ictio

n, s

ynta

x, im

ager

y,rh

ythm

, or

figur

ativ

e la

ngua

ge

Exa

mpl

es

Gar

y P

auls

en u

ses

sent

ence

frag

men

ts a

nd o

ne w

ord

sent

ence

s.

Tru

man

Cap

ote

uses

run

-on

sent

ence

s fil

led

with

ser

ies

and

clau

ses.

Pam

Con

rad

uses

set

ting-

linke

d si

mile

and

met

apho

r.

Kat

herin

e P

ater

son

uses

obs

cure

yet

pow

erfu

l wor

ds.

Glo

ria H

oust

on in

fuse

s ch

arac

ter

dial

ogue

with

App

alac

hian

dia

lect

.

Pau

la D

anzi

ger

writ

es h

umor

ousl

y ab

out t

he p

robl

ems

of a

dole

scen

ce.

surp

rise

endi

ngan

une

xpec

ted

conc

lusi

on to

a s

tory

LT87

ofte

n m

arke

d by

sat

isfa

ctio

n or

dis

appo

intm

ent

Exa

mpl

e

Jim

had

not

yet

see

n hi

s be

autif

ul p

rese

nt. S

he h

eld

it ou

t to

him

eage

rly u

pon

her

open

pal

m. T

he d

ull,

prec

ious

met

al s

eem

ed to

flash

with

a r

efle

ctio

n of

her

brig

ht a

nd a

rden

t spi

rit.

"Isn

't it

a da

ndy,

Jim

? I h

unte

d al

l ove

r to

wn

to fi

nd it

. You

'llha

ve to

look

at t

he ti

me

a hu

ndre

d tim

es a

day

now

. Giv

e m

eyo

ur w

atch

. I w

ant t

o se

e ho

w it

look

s on

it."

Inst

ead

of o

beyi

ng, J

im tu

mbl

ed d

own

on th

e co

uch

and

put

his

hand

s un

der

the

back

of h

is h

ead

and

smile

d."D

ell,"

sai

d he

, "le

t's p

ut o

ur C

hris

tmas

pre

sent

s aw

ay a

nd k

eep

'ern

aw

hile

. The

y're

too

nice

to u

se ju

st a

t pre

sent

. I s

old

the

wat

ch to

get

the

mon

ey to

buy

you

r co

mbs

. And

now

, sup

pose

you

put t

he c

hops

on.

"

Hen

ry 0

. The

Gift

of t

he M

agi.

111

subp

lot

a m

inor

rel

ated

sto

ry w

ithin

the

dom

inan

tLT

86

plot

Exa

mpl

e

The

gro

wth

of R

ocky

as

an a

rtis

t and

the

deve

lopi

ngre

latio

nshi

p be

twee

n T

ru a

nd M

ick

are

min

or s

torie

sw

ithin

the

grea

ter

plot

of h

ow B

olto

n, K

ansa

s, g

ets

aw

ar m

emor

ial i

n T

he M

onum

ent b

y G

ary

Pau

lsen

.

susp

ense

the

feel

ings

of e

xcite

men

t, an

xiet

y, a

ndan

ticip

atio

n ra

diat

ing

from

a s

tory

that

mot

ivat

eth

e re

ader

to r

ead

on

LT88

Exa

mpl

e

He

wal

ked

slow

ly u

p to

his

mot

her,

one

eye

clo

sed

and

the

othe

r fo

cuse

d do

wn

the

barr

el o

f the

rifl

e, s

low

ly, s

low

ly, h

is b

are

feet

sur

e an

d st

eady

in th

e gr

ass.

"Get

in th

e w

agon

, Ma,

" he

ord

ered

."P

aulie

, you

put

that

dow

n."

She

was

bac

king

up,

her

arm

s he

ldaw

ay fr

om h

er s

ides

."I

nto

the

wag

on, M

a,"

he r

epea

ted.

"Pau

lie, y

our

pa is

gon

na"

A b

last

exp

lode

d at

her

feet

, and

the

hem

of h

er s

kirt

tore

from

her

and

flapp

ed o

n th

e gr

ound

.

Con

rad,

Pam

. Pra

irie

Son

gs. H

arpe

rCol

lins,

198

5.

112

ea!4

a

114

sym

bolis

mth

e us

e of

imag

es in

lite

ratu

re th

atre

pres

ent o

ther

ent

ities

or

mea

ning

s

Exa

mpl

es

Sym

bol

Mea

ning

fire

pass

ion

wat

ercl

eans

ing

rose

slo

ve

bird

sfr

eedo

m

sun

happ

ines

s

blac

kde

ath

river

life

shad

owfo

rebo

ding

LT89

them

eth

e au

thor

's m

essa

ge o

r th

e m

ain

idea

of a

sto

ryLT

91

Exa

mpl

es

The

me

Titl

e an

d A

utho

rdi

stan

t

syne

cdoc

here

ferr

ing

to a

who

le b

y on

e of

its

part

s or

a m

ore

com

preh

ensi

ve w

hole

Exa

mpl

es

calli

ng a

sch

ool p

rinci

pal t

he a

dmin

istr

atio

n"

calli

ng a

sin

ger

"a v

oice

"

calli

ng m

anua

l lab

orer

s -h

ands

"

calli

ng p

olic

e of

ficer

s "t

he la

w"

calli

ng th

e B

ucca

neer

s "T

ampa

"

tone

man

ner

of e

xpre

ssio

n re

veal

ing

auth

or's

attit

ude

tow

ard

subj

ect m

atte

r or

rea

der

Exa

mpl

es

frie

ndsh

ipC

harlo

tte's

Web

form

alby

E. B

. Whi

te

art;

war

The

Mon

umen

thu

mor

ous

by G

ary

Pau

lsen

info

rmal

surv

ival

Hat

chet

by

Gar

y P

auls

enin

timat

e

rest

orat

ion

The

Los

t Sai

lor

serio

usby

Pam

Con

rad

inde

pend

ence

Lydd

ieby

Kat

herin

e P

ater

son

115

LT90

LT92

116

I

.

adve

ntur

ea

liter

ary

wor

k w

ith e

lem

ents

of r

isk,

act

ion,

G I

and

susp

ense

Exa

mpl

es

Bon

es o

n B

lack

Spr

uce

Mou

ntai

n by

Dav

id B

udbi

ll

Dea

d M

an in

Indi

an C

reek

by

Mar

y D

owni

ng H

ahn

Res

cue

Josh

McG

uire

by

Ben

Mik

aels

on

The

Cay

by

The

odor

e T

aylo

r

Tra

pped

in D

eath

Cav

e by

Bill

Wal

lace

alm

anac

a re

fere

nce

book

pub

lishe

d an

nual

ly th

atG

3co

ntai

ns u

pdat

ed s

tatis

tics,

list

s, ta

bles

, and

cha

rts

ofin

form

atio

n fr

om m

any

field

s

Exa

mpl

es

Poo

r R

icha

rd's

by B

enja

min

Fra

nklin

Sta

tistic

al A

bstr

act o

f the

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

publ

ishe

d by

U.S

.

publ

ishe

d by

Bur

eau

of th

e C

ensu

s

The

Info

rmat

ion

Ple

ase

Hou

ghto

n M

ifflin

The

Old

Far

mer

'spu

blis

hed

byY

anke

e P

ublis

hing

Wor

ld&

Boo

k of

Fac

ts p

ublis

hed

byF

unk

& W

agna

lls11

9

AB

C p

oem

unrh

ymed

ver

se o

f up

to 2

6 lin

es, e

ach

G2

wor

d be

ginn

ing

sequ

entia

lly w

ith th

e le

tters

of t

he a

lpha

bet

Exa

mpl

e

"Foo

d"

App

les

bubb

ly c

orn

dish

esea

ting

favo

rites

gree

dy h

elpi

ngs

ices

juic

y ku

mqu

atlu

scio

us m

elon

s

nuts

, ora

nges

, pee

lings

quic

herip

e st

raw

berr

ies,

taco

sun

limite

d ve

geta

bles

wei

ners

(si

c]xc

elle

nt, y

umm

y zu

cchi

ni

Fro

m C

allio

pe b

y G

reta

Bar

clay

Lip

son,

Ed.

D. a

nd J

ane

A. R

omat

owsk

i,E

d.D

. © 1

981

by G

ood

App

le, a

n im

prin

t of M

oder

n C

urric

ulum

, Sim

on &

Sch

uste

r E

lem

enta

ry. U

sed

by p

erm

issi

on.

anec

dote

a br

ief i

nter

estin

g or

hum

orou

s st

ory

Exa

mpl

e

A s

mal

l chi

ld w

as d

raw

ing

a pi

ctur

e an

d hi

s te

ache

r sa

id,

'Tha

t's a

n in

tere

stin

g pi

ctur

e. T

ell m

e ab

out i

t."

"It's

a p

ictu

re o

f God

."

"But

nob

ody

know

s w

hat G

od lo

oks

like.

"

'The

y w

ill w

hen

I get

don

e."

Can

field

, Jac

k an

d M

ark

Vic

tor

Han

sen.

Chi

cken

Sou

p fo

rth

e S

oul.

Hea

lth C

omm

unic

atio

ns, I

nc.,

1993

.

G4

i

El

i

1

1

11

.

El

1

anth

olog

ya

colle

ctio

n of

lite

rary

pie

ces,

suc

h as

poem

s, e

ssay

s, s

hort

sto

ries,

or

play

s, c

onta

ined

inon

e vo

lum

e

Exa

mpl

es

Goo

d B

ooks

, Goo

d T

imes

! poe

ms

sele

cted

by L

ee B

enne

tt H

opki

ns

Hey

! Lis

ten

to T

his:

Sto

ries

to R

ead

Alo

ud e

dite

d by

Jim

Tre

leas

e

Spo

on R

iver

by E

dgar

Lee

Mas

ters

The

Dre

am K

eepe

r: A

nd O

ther

Poe

ms

by L

angs

ton

Hug

hes

Whe

re th

e S

idew

alk

End

s by

She

l Silv

erst

ein

G5

atla

sa

refe

renc

e bo

ok o

f map

s, g

eogr

aphi

c ta

bles

,G

6an

d ch

arts

auto

biog

raph

yth

e st

ory

of a

per

son'

s lif

e w

ritte

n by

G7

that

per

son

Exa

mpl

es

Coa

l Min

er's

Dau

ghte

r by

Lor

etta

Lyn

n w

ith G

eorg

e V

ecse

y

How

I C

ame

to B

e a

Writ

er b

y P

hylli

s R

eyno

lds

Nay

lor

Nig

ht b

y E

lie W

iese

l

Ros

a P

arks

: My

Sto

ry b

y R

osa

Par

ks

The

Sto

ry o

f My

Life

by

Hel

en K

elle

r

123

Exa

mpl

es

of T

reas

ure

Map

s pu

blis

hed

by N

elso

n

Flo

rida

Cou

nty

Map

s pu

blis

hed

by C

. J. P

uetz

Ham

mon

dof

the

Wor

ld

Mob

il R

oad

and

Trip

Pla

nnin

g G

uide

publ

ishe

d by

H.M

. Gou

sha

Ran

d M

cNal

lyof

the

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

balla

da

narr

ativ

e po

em o

r fo

lk s

ong

with

sim

ple

stan

zas

and

a re

curr

ing

refr

ain

Exa

mpl

es

Gun

ga D

in b

y R

udya

rd K

iplin

g

Her

o by

Mar

iah

Car

ey a

nd W

alte

r A

fana

sief

f

John

Bro

wn'

s B

ody

by S

teph

en V

ince

nt B

enet

Lord

Ran

dall

My

Son

by

Ano

nym

ous

Rim

e of

the

Anc

ient

Mar

iner

by

Sam

uel T

aylo

rC

oler

idge

124

G8

9gf

H9

69

ZI9

019

biog

raph

yth

e st

ory

of a

per

son'

s lif

e

Exa

mpl

es

Fra

nces

Hod

gson

Bur

nett:

Bey

ond

the

Sec

ret G

arde

n by

Jean

Shi

rley

and

Ang

elic

a S

hirle

y C

arpe

nter

Look

Hom

ewar

d: A

Life

of T

hom

as W

olfe

by

Dav

idH

erbe

rt D

onal

d

Pet

er th

e G

reat

: His

Life

and

Wor

ld b

y R

ober

t K. M

assi

e

Pra

irie

Vis

ions

: The

Life

and

Tim

es o

f Sol

omon

But

cher

by P

am C

onra

d

The

Dou

ble

Life

of P

ocah

onta

s by

Jea

n F

ritz

G9

chap

book

a ch

eapl

y pr

oduc

ed p

amph

let s

old

bype

ddle

rs fr

om th

e si

xtee

nth

to n

inet

eent

h ce

ntur

ies;

asm

all,

ofte

n se

lf-pu

blis

hed,

pap

erba

ck b

ook

of p

oetr

y

Exa

mpl

es

Bev

is o

f Ham

pton

Guy

of W

arw

ick

John

Gilp

in

Rob

inso

n C

ruso

e

Pie

ces

of L

ight

127

G i

l

cent

oa

rhym

ed a

abbc

c "p

atch

wor

k" p

oem

con

sist

ing

of li

nes

borr

owed

from

var

ious

exi

stin

g po

ems

Exa

mpl

es

I saw

a s

hip

a-sa

iling

,

Blu

e sk

y pr

evai

ling.

Sw

eet d

ay, s

o co

ol, s

o ca

lm, s

o br

ight

Wel

com

e al

l won

ders

in o

ne s

ight

.

On

this

gre

en b

ank,

by

thee

, sof

t str

ea

Was

it a

vis

iono

r a

wak

ing

drea

m?

Lips

on, G

reta

and

Jan

e R

omat

owsk

i.

G I

0

a (M

othe

r G

oose

)

a (W

illia

m W

ords

wor

th)

b (G

eorg

e H

erbe

rt)

b (R

icha

rd C

rash

aw)

m,

c (R

alph

Wal

do E

mer

son)

c (J

ohn

Kea

ts)

Cal

liope

. Goo

d A

pple

, 198

1.

cinq

uain

an u

nrhy

med

5-li

ne p

oem

div

idin

g 22

sylla

bles

into

a 2

-4-6

-8-2

pat

tern

Exa

mpl

e

Rai

n

Hea

vy A

wes

ome

Dre

nchi

ng, s

oaki

ng, p

enet

ratin

g

Ren

ewin

g th

e ea

rth'

s fir

mam

ent

Soi

l-soa

ker

G12

Fro

m C

allio

pe b

y G

reta

Bar

clay

Lip

son,

Ed.

D. a

nd J

ane

A.

Rom

atow

ski,

Ed.

D. ©

198

1 by

Goo

d A

pple

, an

impr

int o

f Mod

ern

Cur

ricul

um, S

imon

& S

chus

ter

Ele

men

tary

. Use

d by

per

mis

sion

.

3pi.

JIJ

.."...........-..........

0114

'P If)

--

clas

sic

a de

finiti

ve li

tera

ry w

ork

that

has

bee

n w

idel

yG

13re

ad a

nd r

ecog

nize

d fo

r m

any

year

s

Exa

mpl

esH

ans

Brin

ker

or th

e S

ilver

Ska

tes

by M

ary

Dod

ge

Hei

di b

y Jo

hann

a S

pyri

Littl

e W

omen

by

Loui

sa M

ay A

lcot

t

Mob

y D

ick

by H

erm

an M

elvi

lle

Tre

asur

e Is

land

by

Rob

ert L

ouis

Ste

vens

on

Whi

te F

ang

by J

ack

Lond

on

com

edy

a hu

mor

ous

play

or

liter

ary

wor

kG

15

Exa

mpl

esA

Con

nect

icut

Yan

kee

in K

ing

Art

hur's

Cou

rt b

y M

ark

Tw

ain

A M

idsu

mm

er N

ight

's D

ream

by

Will

iam

Sha

kesp

eare

Fun

ny G

irl b

y Is

obel

Len

nart

The

Impo

rtan

ce o

f Bei

ng E

arne

st b

y O

scar

Wild

e

The

Odd

Cou

ple

by N

eil S

imon

131

cler

ihew

a hu

mor

ous

4-lin

e rh

ymed

poe

m b

ased

on

aG

14

pers

on's

nam

e

Exa

mpl

es

Geo

ffrey

Cha

ucer

Cou

ld h

ardl

y ha

ve b

een

coar

ser,

But

this

nev

er h

arm

ed th

e sa

les

Of h

is "

Can

terb

ury

Tal

es."

Bal

dick

, Chr

is. T

he C

onci

se O

xfor

d D

ictio

nary

of L

itera

ryT

erm

s. O

xfor

d, 1

990.

Sir

Hum

phre

y D

avy

Abo

min

ated

gra

vy.

He

lived

in th

e od

ium

Of h

avin

g di

scov

ered

sod

ium

.

Ben

tley,

Edm

und

Cle

rihew

, as

foun

d in

The

Poe

try

Dic

tiona

ryby

Joh

n P

hilip

Dru

ry. S

tory

Pre

ss, 1

995.

com

ic s

trip

a hu

mor

ous

vign

ette

illu

stra

ted

with

mul

tipan

eled

sce

nes,

car

icat

ures

, and

bal

loon

ed d

ialo

gue

Exa

mpl

esB

eetle

Bai

ley

by M

ort W

alke

r

Blo

ndie

by

Chi

c Y

oung

Gar

field

by

Jim

Dav

is

Mic

key

Mou

se b

y W

alt D

isne

y

Pea

nuts

by

Cha

rles

Sch

ulz

132

G16

i3

101

com

pani

on ti

tlea

liter

ary

piec

e th

at s

tand

s al

one

but i

s re

late

d in

cha

ract

er o

r se

tting

to a

noth

er w

ork

Exa

mpl

es

The

Bor

row

ers

The

Bor

row

ers

Afie

ldT

he B

orro

wer

s A

float

The

Bor

row

ers

Alo

ftT

he B

orro

wer

s A

veng

ed

All

by M

ary

Nor

ton

G17

conc

rete

poe

mve

rse

arra

nged

vis

ually

or

shap

ed to

rep

rese

nt it

s th

eme

Exa

mpl

e

Littl

e H

ouse

on

the

Pra

irie

Littl

e H

ouse

in th

e B

igW

oods

By

the

Sho

res

of S

ilver

Lake

Far

mer

Boy

The

se H

appy

Gol

den

Yea

rs

All

by L

aura

Inga

lls W

ilder

cont

empo

rary

fict

ion

a lit

erar

y w

ork

with

no d

istin

guis

habl

e re

gion

al o

r pe

riodi

c at

tach

men

ts th

atte

chni

cally

cou

ld o

ccur

any

whe

re in

mod

ern

times

Exa

mpl

es

A T

aste

of B

lack

berr

ies

by D

oris

Buc

hana

n S

mith

On

My

Hon

or b

y M

ario

n D

ane

Bau

er

The

Bes

t Chr

istm

as P

agea

nt E

ver

by B

arba

ra R

obin

son

The

Dea

d M

an in

Indi

an C

reek

by

Mar

y D

owni

ng H

ahn

The

Sum

mer

of t

he S

wan

s by

Bet

sy B

yars

135

wis

hev

eryo

neco

uld

see

my

Chr

istm

as tr

eean

d ha

ve th

e fu

nan

d fe

el th

e ch

ildis

hgl

ee th

at c

omes

to m

e w

hen

deco

ratin

g it

for

all m

y fr

iend

sto

see

.

G18

Str

ouf,

Judi

e. T

he L

itera

ture

Tea

cher

's B

ook

of L

ists

,T

he C

ente

r fo

r A

pplie

d R

esea

rch

in E

duca

tion,

199

3. U

sed

bype

rmis

sion

of P

rent

ice

Hal

l/Car

eer

& P

erso

nal D

evel

opm

ent.

G19

coup

let

a 2-

lined

rhy

min

g st

anza

or

poem

Exa

mpl

e'T

rees

"I t

hink

that

I sh

all n

ever

see

A p

oem

love

ly a

s a

tree

.

A tr

ee w

hose

hun

gry

mou

th is

pre

stA

gain

st th

e ea

rth'

s sw

eet f

low

ing

brea

st;

A tr

ee th

at lo

oks

at G

od a

ll da

y,A

nd li

fts h

er le

afy

arm

s to

pra

y;

A tr

ee th

at m

ay in

Sum

mer

wea

rA

nes

t of r

obin

s in

her

hai

r;

Upo

n w

hose

bos

om s

now

has

lain

;W

ho in

timat

ely

lives

with

rai

n.

Poe

ms

are

mad

e by

fool

s lik

e m

e,B

ut o

nly

God

can

mak

e a

tree

.

G20

136

coK

ilmer

, Joy

ce. T

rees

and

Oth

er P

oem

s. G

eorg

e H

. Dor

an C

o.,

1 9

1 4

1%.

ginJ

diam

ante

a fo

rm o

f unr

hym

ed p

oetr

y th

atG

21di

ary

a da

ily w

ritte

n re

cord

of o

ne's

per

sona

lph

ysic

ally

res

embl

es a

dia

mon

d; r

elat

ed to

cin

quai

nex

perie

nces

Exa

mpl

eE

xam

ples

Love

gA

nne

Fra

nk: T

heof

a Y

oung

Girl

War

m, w

onde

rful

Cat

herin

e, C

alle

d B

irdy

by K

aren

Cus

hman

Em

brac

ing,

hug

ging

, lau

ghin

gG

o A

sk A

lice

by A

nony

mou

s

Par

ents

, rel

ativ

es,

Str

ange

rs, e

nem

ies

The

of L

atoy

a H

unte

r: M

y F

irst

Neg

lect

ed, f

right

ened

, tre

mbl

ing,

Yea

r in

Jun

ior

Hig

h

Col

d, b

itter

,Z

for

Zac

haria

h by

Rob

ert C

. O'B

rien

Hat

e

G22

Fro

m C

allio

pe b

y G

reta

Bar

clay

Lip

son,

Ed.

D. a

nd J

ane

A.

Rom

atow

ski,

Ed.

D. ©

198

1 by

Goo

d A

pple

, an

impr

int o

f Mod

ern

Cur

ricul

um, S

imon

& S

chus

ter

Ele

men

tary

. Use

d by

per

mis

sion

.

dict

iona

rya

refe

renc

e bo

ok u

sed

for

findi

ng m

eani

ngs,

G23

pron

unci

atio

ns, a

nd o

ther

info

rmat

ion

rela

ted

to w

ords

Exa

mpl

es

Cas

sell'

s S

pani

shpu

blis

hed

by F

unk

and

Wag

nalls

of S

cien

tific

and

Tec

hnic

al T

erm

spu

blis

hed

by M

cGra

w-H

ill

Par

trid

ge's

Con

cise

of S

lang

and

Unc

onve

ntio

nal E

nglis

h pu

blis

hed

by M

acm

illan

The

Am

eric

an H

erita

geH

ough

ton

Miff

lin

Web

ster

's N

ew W

orld

publ

ishe

d by

Pre

ntic

e H

all

publ

ishe

d by

139

dram

aa

liter

ary

wor

k de

sign

ed fo

r pu

blic

perf

orm

ance

by

acto

rs

Exa

mpl

es

Ham

let b

y W

illia

m S

hake

spea

re

Our

Tow

n by

Tho

rnto

n W

ilder

Rai

sin

in th

e S

un b

y Lo

rrai

ne H

ansb

erry

The

Effe

ct o

f Gam

ma

Ray

s on

Man

-in-t

he-M

oon

Mar

igol

dsby

Pau

l Zin

del

The

Mira

cle

Wor

ker

by W

illia

m G

ibso

n

G24

140

co

A

, -...-...................

44

dram

atic

poe

ma

narr

ativ

e pl

ay w

ritte

n in

ver

sefo

rm, i

nvol

ving

two

or m

ore

voic

es

Exa

mpl

es

"Can

terb

ury

Tal

es"

by G

eoffr

ey C

hauc

er

Cho

ruse

s fr

om 'T

he R

ock"

by

T. S

. Elio

t

"Sor

dello

" by

Rob

ert B

row

ning

The

Dea

th o

f the

Hire

d M

an"

by R

ober

t Fro

st

"Uly

sses

" by

Alfr

ed, L

ord

Ten

nyso

n

ency

clop

edia

a co

mpr

ehen

sive

ref

eren

ce b

ook

cont

aini

ng a

rtic

les

on a

wid

e va

riety

of t

opic

s

Exa

mpl

esA

mer

ican

a

Brit

tani

ca

Com

pton

's

Gro

lier's

The

Wor

ld B

ook

143

G25

G27

eleg

ya

poem

lam

entin

g a

deat

h

Exa

mpl

es"I

n M

emor

iam

A.H

.H."

by

Alfr

ed, L

ord

Ten

nyso

n

"Oh

Cap

tain

, My

Cap

tain

" by

Wal

t Whi

tman

"Tha

nato

psis

" by

Will

iam

Cul

len

Bry

an

"Ann

abel

Lee

" by

Edg

ar A

llan

Poe

"I H

ave

a R

ende

zvou

s W

ith D

eath

" by

Ala

n S

eege

r

epic

a lo

ng n

arra

tive

wor

k of

poe

try,

pro

se, o

rdr

ama

that

cer

emon

ious

ly r

ecou

nts

the

deed

s of

ale

gend

ary

hero

Exa

mpl

es

"Hia

wat

ha"

by H

enry

Wad

swor

th L

ongf

ello

w (

poem

)

Oct

ober

(a.

k.a.

) T

en D

ays

Tha

t Sho

ok th

e W

orld

by S

erge

i Mik

hailo

vich

Eis

enst

ein

(dra

ma)

Ody

ssey

by

Hom

er (

clas

sica

l)

"Par

adis

e Lo

st"

by J

Ohn

Milt

on (

poem

)

War

and

Pea

ce b

y Le

o T

olst

oy (

nove

l)

BE

ST C

OPY

AV

AIL

AB

LE

G26

G28

L.

-I

A

i

CD

i

as

\

A

a

I

epig

ram

a co

ncis

e, c

leve

r po

em th

at e

xpre

sses

asi

ngle

obs

erva

tion

Exa

mpl

e

We

have

a p

retty

witt

y K

ing

Who

se w

ord

no m

an r

elie

s on

,

Who

nev

er s

aid

a fo

olis

h th

ing,

Nor

eve

r di

d a

wis

e on

e.

Wilm

ont,

John

, 2nd

Ear

l of R

oche

ster

essa

ya

shor

t, fo

rmal

or

info

rmal

, writ

ten

disc

ussi

on o

fa

subj

ect;

com

posi

tion

Exa

mpl

es

"A F

ew M

inut

es w

ith A

ndy

Roo

ney"

(co

llect

ion)

"How

to M

ake

His

tory

Dat

es S

tick"

by

Mar

k T

wai

n

"Nat

ure"

by

Ral

ph W

aldo

Em

erso

n

'The

Fire

Nex

t Tim

e" b

y Ja

mes

Bal

dwin

"The

Fis

herw

oman

's D

augh

ter"

by

Urs

ula

K. L

e G

uin

147

G29

epita

pha

shor

t poe

m, o

ften

engr

aved

on

a to

mbs

tone

, G30

that

mem

oria

lizes

som

eone

who

has

die

d

Exa

mpl

e

The

Bod

y of

B. F

rank

lin, P

rinte

r(L

ike

the

Cov

er o

f an

old

Boo

kIts

Con

tent

s to

rn o

utA

nd s

trip

t of i

ts L

ette

ring

and

Gild

ing)

Lies

her

e, fo

od fo

r W

orm

s.B

ut th

e W

ork

shal

l not

be

lost

;F

or it

will

(as

he

belie

ved)

app

ear

once

mor

e,In

a n

ew a

nd m

ore

eleg

ant E

ditio

nR

evis

ed a

nd c

orre

cted

by th

e A

utho

r

prop

osed

epi

taph

of B

enja

min

Fra

nklin

, age

20

G3

Ieu

logy

a sp

oken

or

writ

ten

trib

ute

prai

sing

som

eone

G32

who

has

die

d

BE

ST C

OPY

AV

AIL

AB

LE

Exa

mpl

es

Mem

oria

l Ser

vice

s in

the

Con

gres

s of

the

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

and

Trib

utes

inof

Dw

ight

D.

Eis

enho

wer

, Lat

e a

Pre

side

nt o

f the

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

publ

ishe

d by

the

U.S

. Gov

ernm

ent P

rintin

g O

ffice

Mic

hael

Lan

don:

Life

, Lov

e &

Lau

ghte

r: A

Trib

ute

to a

Bel

oved

Act

or b

y th

e P

eopl

e W

ho K

new

Him

Bes

t by

Har

ry a

nd P

amel

a F

lynn

The

Leg

acy

of N

ehru

: A M

emor

ial T

ribut

eed

ited

by K

. Nat

war

-Sin

gh

148

7)13

.

fabl

ea

shor

t sto

ry w

ith a

mor

al; c

omm

only

use

sG

33an

imal

cha

ract

ers

with

hum

an c

hara

cter

istic

s

Exa

mpl

es

'The

Boy

Bat

hing

" (T

here

is a

tim

e an

d pl

ace

for

ever

ythi

ng.)

'The

Cro

w a

nd th

e P

itche

r" (

Nec

essi

ty is

the

mot

her

of in

vent

ion.

)

'The

Fox

and

the

Gra

pes"

(D

on't

trus

t the

adv

ice

of a

man

intr

oubl

e.)

'The

Thi

ef a

nd H

is M

othe

r" (

Spa

re th

e ro

d an

d sp

oil t

he c

hild

.)

-The

Wol

f in

She

ep's

Clo

thin

g" (

Look

s ca

n be

dec

eivi

ng.)

fant

asy

a fic

tiona

l wor

k m

arke

d by

sup

erna

tura

l or

G35

mag

ical

cha

ract

ers

and

even

ts th

at c

ould

not

happ

en in

rea

l life

Exa

mpl

es

Hig

h fa

ntas

y (s

et w

ithin

a c

reat

ed w

orld

):

A W

rinkl

e in

Tim

e (C

amaz

otz)

by

Mad

elei

ne L

'Eng

le

Teh

anu

(Ear

thse

a) b

y U

rsul

a K

. Le

Gui

n

The

Lio

n, th

e W

itch,

and

the

War

drob

e (N

arni

a) b

y C

. S. L

ewis

The

Wiz

ard

of O

z (O

z) b

y L.

Fra

nk B

aum

Low

fant

asy

(set

with

in th

e re

al w

orld

):

Cha

rlotte

's W

eb b

y E

. B. W

hite

Mrs

. Fris

by a

nd th

e R

ats

of N

IMH

by

Rob

ert O

'Brie

n

Pip

pi L

ongs

tock

ing

by A

strid

Lin

dgre

n

The

Indi

an in

the

Cup

boar

d by

Lyn

ne R

eid

Ban

ks

fairy

tale

a st

ory

invo

lvin

g le

gend

ary

roya

lty,

com

mon

ers,

and

mag

ical

cha

ract

ers;

ofte

n be

gins

with

Onc

e up

on a

tim

e .

.. a

nd e

nds

with

..

. the

y liv

edha

ppily

eve

r af

ter.

Exa

mpl

es

"Cin

dere

lla"

by C

harle

s P

erra

ult

"Rum

pels

tilts

kin"

by

the

Bro

ther

s G

rimm

'The

Fro

g P

rince

" by

the

Bro

ther

s G

rimm

'The

Litt

le M

erm

aid"

by

Han

s C

hris

tian

And

erse

n

'The

Prin

cess

Brid

e" b

y W

illia

m G

oldm

an

fictio

na

liter

ary

wor

k cr

eate

d by

the

auth

or's

imag

inat

ion;

an

untr

ue s

tory

Exa

mpl

es

fant

asy

folk

lore

nove

l

seria

l

shor

t sto

ry

152

G34

G36

co

a asa

8JPH

1

1r

folk

lore

the

trad

ition

al o

ral c

ultu

re o

f a p

eopl

e

Exa

mpl

es

belie

fs

fabl

es

fairy

tale

s

folk

tale

s

lege

nds

myt

hs

para

bles

prac

tices

tall

tale

s

G37

free

ver

sepo

etry

that

follo

ws

no s

tand

ard

patte

rn o

fG

39rh

ythm

or

rhym

e

Exa

mpl

es

"Lea

ves

of G

rass

" by

Wal

t Whi

tman

"Pat

erso

n" b

y W

illia

m C

arlo

s W

illia

ms

Psa

lm 8

:1-9

by

Kin

g D

avid

"Tha

nato

psis

" by

Will

iam

Cul

len

Bry

ant

'The

Nor

th S

ea"

by H

einr

ich

Hei

ne

155

folk

tale

a m

agic

al s

tory

that

is u

niqu

e to

a c

ultu

ral

G38

grou

p an

d th

at h

as b

een

mod

ified

by

year

s of

ora

lre

telli

ngs

prio

r to

bei

ng p

ut in

to p

rint

Exa

mpl

es

Bea

uty

and

the

Bea

st b

y Ja

n B

rett

Eas

t o' t

he S

un a

nd W

est o

' the

Moo

n by

P J

. Lyn

ch

Mom

otar

o, th

e P

each

Boy

by

Lind

a S

hute

Rip

Van

Win

kle

by W

ashi

ngto

n Ir

ving

Sun

diat

a, L

ion

Kin

g of

Mal

i by

Dav

id W

isni

ewsk

i

grue

a sh

ort,

sim

ple,

gru

esom

e rh

ymin

g po

em

Exa

mpl

e

Lizz

ie B

orde

n to

ok a

n ax

e,

And

gav

e he

r m

othe

r fo

rty

wha

cks.

Whe

n sh

e sa

w w

hat s

he h

ad d

one,

She

gav

e he

r fa

ther

fort

y -o

ne!

Ano

nym

ous

G40

156

co co

.. ......- J II_

J

)1!

1 I

'-,-!I

!I--

I3!11 I!

haik

u "

a 3-

line,

17-

sylla

ble

poet

ic fo

rm o

fJa

pane

se o

rigin

that

des

crib

es a

sin

gle

natu

ral

imag

e in

a 5

-7-5

syl

labi

c pa

ttern

Exa

mpl

es

Lette

r's fa

ding

ink

Flo

ws

like

sile

nt, r

unni

ng s

trea

ms

Tea

rs fr

om b

roke

n he

arts

--R

. How

ard

Blo

unt,

Jr.

Eag

le w

ings

take

flig

htC

atch

ing

ther

mal

can

yon

win

dsS

oarin

g ov

er a

ll

R. H

owar

d B

loun

t, Jr

.

G41

horr

ora

liter

ary

wor

k m

arke

d by

ele

men

ts o

f ext

rem

eG

43su

spen

se to

ld in

sho

ckin

g, g

rues

ome

deta

il; a

thril

ler

Exa

mpl

es

Cre

epsh

ow b

y S

teph

en K

ing

Dra

cula

by

Bra

m S

toke

r

Fra

nken

stei

n by

Mar

y S

helle

y

The

Ste

psis

ter

by R

. L. S

tine

The

Tel

l-Tal

e H

eart

by

Edg

ar A

llan

Poe

159

hist

oric

al fi

ctio

n =

an

untr

ue s

tory

set

in a

n au

then

ticG

42pe

riod

from

the

past

and

cha

ract

eriz

ed b

y ev

ents

that

coul

d ha

ve h

appe

ned

Exa

mpl

es

Gon

e W

ith th

e W

ind

by M

arga

ret M

itche

ll

Isla

nd o

f the

Blu

e D

olph

ins

by S

cott

O'D

ell

Num

ber

the

Sta

rs b

y Lo

is L

owry

Sha

ne b

y Ja

ck S

chae

fer

The

Witc

h of

Bla

ckbi

rd P

ond

by E

lizab

eth

Geo

rge

Spe

are

hum

ora

funn

y lit

erar

y w

ork

Exa

mpl

es

How

to E

at F

ried

Wor

ms

by T

hom

as R

ockw

ell

Sid

eway

s S

torie

s fr

om W

aysi

de S

choo

l by

Loui

s S

acha

r

Sou

p by

Rob

ert N

ewto

n P

eck

The

Bes

t Chr

istm

as P

agea

nt E

ver

by B

arba

ra R

obin

son

The

Cat

Ate

My

Gym

suit

by P

aula

Dan

zige

r

Who

Put

Tha

t Hai

r in

My

Too

thbr

ush?

by

Jerr

y S

pine

lli

G44

.160

0

ite

rti

ei

fr

ti

info

rmat

iona

l boo

kno

nfic

tion

title

that

pro

vide

sex

tens

ive

data

on

a pa

rtic

ular

topi

c

Exa

mpl

es

A B

ook

Tak

es R

oot:

The

Mak

ing

of a

Pic

ture

Boo

k by

Mic

hael

Keh

oe

G45

inte

ract

ive

fictio

na

stor

y th

at a

llow

s th

e re

ader

tode

term

ine

the

dire

ctio

n th

e na

rrat

ive

will

take

Exa

mpl

es

Cho

ose

You

r O

wn

Adv

entu

re (

Ban

tam

Sky

lark

)

Fin

d Y

our

Fat

e A

dven

ture

(B

alla

ntin

e)

Nan

cy D

rew

and

The

Har

dy B

oys

Be

a D

etec

tive

Mys

terie

s (W

ande

rer)

Tw

ista

plot

(S

chol

astic

)

Whi

ch W

ay B

ooks

(P

ocke

t)

Cow

boys

by

Mar

tin W

. San

dler

Mar

di G

ras:

A C

ajun

Cou

ntry

Cel

ebra

tion

by D

iane

Hoy

t-G

olds

mith

The

Thr

eate

ned

Flo

rida

Bla

ck B

ear

by M

arga

ret G

off C

lark

Whe

n. P

lagu

e S

trik

es: T

he B

lack

Dea

th, S

mal

lpox

, AID

S b

yJa

mes

Cro

ss G

ib li

n

jour

nal

a w

ritte

n re

cord

of e

xper

ienc

es, r

efle

ctio

ns,

G47

and

perc

eptio

ns th

at is

app

ende

d on

a r

egul

ar b

asis

Exa

mpl

es

A G

athe

ring

of D

ays:

A N

ew E

ngla

nd G

irl's

1830

-32

by J

oan

Blo

s

Blu

ewat

erT

he V

oyag

e of

the

Sea

Tig

er b

y Lo

retta

Kru

pins

ki

Ped

ro's

A V

oyag

e w

ith C

hris

toph

erC

olum

bus

by P

am C

onra

d

Str

ider

by

Bev

erly

Cle

ary

The

of B

eatr

ix P

otte

r, 1

881-

1897

Writ

ing

Nat

ure:

Hen

ry T

hore

au's

163

G46

jour

nalis

mw

ritte

n pi

eces

that

dea

l with

new

s ite

ms

G48

and

that

are

pub

lishe

d in

per

iodi

cals

or

repo

rted

thro

ugh

the

med

ia

Exa

mpl

es

advi

ce c

olum

n

edito

rial

feat

ure

stor

y

lead

sto

ry

spor

ts a

rtic

le

wea

ther

rep

ort

i64,

,

asiI

!I)1 !Ja

!I

_.............

_

lege

ndan

unv

erifi

ed s

tory

pas

sed

dow

n or

ally

from

gene

ratio

n to

gen

erat

ion

Exa

mpl

es

G49

lette

ran

y fo

rmal

or

info

rmal

writ

ten

com

mun

icat

ion

G50

from

one

per

son

to a

noth

er

Exa

mpl

eH

ow th

e A

nim

als

Got

The

ir C

olor

s by

Mic

hael

Ros

enM

ay 1

2

How

Tur

tle's

Bac

k W

as C

rack

ed r

etol

d by

Gay

le R

oss

aD

ear

Mr.

Hen

shaw

,

The

of th

e In

dian

Pai

ntbr

ush

reto

ldM

y te

ache

r re

ad y

our

book

abo

ut th

e do

g to

our

cla

ss.

by T

omie

deP

aola

It w

as fu

nny.

We

licke

d it.

The

of E

l Dor

ado

adap

ted

by N

ancy

Van

Laa

n

The

Sev

en V

oyag

es o

f Sin

bad

the

Sai

lor

light

ver

sean

am

usin

g fo

rm o

f ver

se h

avin

g no

serio

us p

urpo

se

Exa

mpl

escl

erih

ew

epig

ram

limer

ick

nons

ense

paro

dy

167

G51

BE

ST C

OPY

AV

AIL

AB

LE

You

r fr

eind

,

Leig

h B

otts

(bo

y)

Cle

ary,

Bev

erly

. Dea

r M

r. H

ensh

aw. M

orro

w, 1

983.

limer

ick

a hu

mor

ous

5-lin

e po

em in

whi

ch th

e fir

st,

G52

seco

nd, a

nd fi

fth li

nes

rhym

e an

d co

ntai

n 3

stre

sses

, whi

leth

e th

ird a

nd fo

urth

line

s rh

yme

and

cont

ain

2 st

ress

es

Exa

mpl

esT

here

is a

You

ng L

ady,

who

se n

ose,

Con

tinua

lly p

rosp

ers

and

grow

s;W

hen

it gr

ew o

ut o

f sig

ht,

She

exc

laim

ed in

a fr

ight

,"O

h! F

arew

ell t

o th

e en

d of

my

nose

!"

The

re w

as a

n O

ld M

an w

ho s

aid,

"H

ush!

I per

ceiv

e a

youn

g bi

rd in

this

bus

h!"

Whe

n th

ey s

aid,

"Is

it s

mal

l?"

He

repl

ied,

"N

ot a

t all;

It is

four

tim

es a

s bi

g as

the

bush

!"

Edw

ard

Lear

168

.4-

MI

....e-......-..-......._

Aa

lyric

poe

ma

form

of m

elod

ious

ver

se

Exa

mpl

es

balla

d

eleg

y

hym

n

ode

psal

m

sonn

et

mod

ern

clas

sic

a ne

wly

pub

lishe

d lit

erar

y w

ork

that

has

gai

ned

cons

ider

able

atte

ntio

n an

d ha

sbe

en w

idel

y re

ad in

rec

ent y

ears

Exa

mpl

es

Flo

wer

s fo

r A

lger

non

by D

anie

l Key

es

Of M

ice

and

Men

by

John

Ste

inbe

ck

The

Col

or P

urpl

e by

Alic

e W

alke

r

The

Yea

rling

by

Mar

jorie

Kin

nan

Raw

lings

To

Kill

a M

ocki

ngbi

rd b

y H

arpe

r Le

e

171

G53

mem

oir

an a

utob

iogr

aphi

cal a

ccou

nt c

once

rnin

g a

G54

perio

d in

one

's li

fe

Exa

mpl

es

A G

irl fr

om Y

amhi

ll by

Bev

erly

Cle

ary

An

Am

eric

an C

hild

hood

by

Ann

ie D

illar

d

I Kno

w W

hy th

e C

aged

Bird

Sin

gs b

y M

aya

Ang

elou

Kee

ping

Fai

thof

a P

resi

dent

by J

imm

y C

arte

r

Pra

irie-

Tow

n B

oy b

y C

arl S

andb

urg

G55

mys

tery

a lit

erar

y w

ork

feat

urin

g a

plot

that

rev

olve

sG

56ar

ound

an

unso

lved

crim

e

Exa

mpl

es

Enc

yclo

pedi

a B

row

n, B

oy D

etec

tive

by D

onal

d S

obol

Mur

der

on th

e O

rient

Exp

ress

(H

ercu

le P

oiro

t)by

Aga

tha

Chr

istie

The

Cas

e of

the

Vel

vet C

law

s (P

erry

Mas

on)

by E

r le

Sta

nley

Gar

dner

The

Dol

lhou

se M

urde

rs b

y B

etty

Ren

Wrig

ht

The

Hou

nd o

f the

Bas

kerv

illes

(S

herlo

ck H

olm

es)

by S

ir A

rthu

r C

onan

Doy

le17

2

NI

....--,.....................-

I

myt

han

anc

ient

sto

ry o

f god

s, g

odde

sses

, and

supe

rhum

an h

eroe

s th

at e

xpla

ins

even

ts fr

om a

cultu

ral s

tand

poin

t

Exa

mpl

esIs

is a

nd O

siris

(E

gypt

ian)

Kin

g A

rthu

r an

d th

e K

nigh

ts o

f the

Rou

nd T

able

(C

eltic

)

The

Birt

h of

Ven

us (

Rom

an)

The

Tw

elve

Lab

ors

of H

ercu

les

(Gre

ek)

Tho

r, th

e G

od o

f Thu

nder

(N

orse

)

nonf

ictio

nan

y tr

ue w

ritte

n w

ork

Exa

mpl

es

biog

raph

y

essa

y

info

rmat

iona

l boo

k

jour

nalis

m

text

book

G57

G59

175

BE

ST C

OPY

AV

AIL

AB

LE

narr

ativ

e po

ema

poem

that

tells

a s

tory

Exa

mpl

es"C

asey

at t

he B

at"

by E

rnes

t Law

Tha

yer

"Pau

l Rev

ere'

s R

ide"

by

Hen

ry W

adsw

orth

Lon

gfel

low

'The

Cre

mat

ion

of S

am M

cGee

" by

Rob

ert W

. Ser

vice

'The

Hig

hway

man

" by

Alfr

ed N

oyes

'The

Nig

ht B

efor

e C

hris

tmas

" by

Cle

men

t C. M

oore

G58

nons

ense

an a

mus

ing

poem

cha

ract

eriz

ed b

y us

es o

fG

60

none

xist

ent t

erm

s an

d ill

ogic

al id

eas

Exa

mpl

esF

rom

"Ja

bber

woc

ky":

Tw

as b

rillig

, and

the

slith

y to

ves

Did

gyr

e an

d gi

mbl

e in

the

wab

e:A

ll m

imsy

wer

e th

e bo

rogo

ves,

And

the

mom

e ra

ths

outg

rabe

.C

arro

ll, L

ewis

. "Ja

bber

woc

ky."

Fro

m 'T

he J

umbl

ies"

:A

nd e

very

one

said

, "If

we

only

live

,W

e to

o w

ill g

o to

sea

in a

Sie

ve,

To

the

hills

of t

he C

hank

ly B

ore!

"F

ar a

nd fe

w, f

ar a

nd fe

w,

Are

the

land

s w

here

the

Jum

blie

s liv

e;T

heir

head

s ar

e gr

een,

and

thei

r ha

nds

are

blue

,A

nd th

ey w

ent t

o se

a in

a S

ieve

.Le

ar, E

dwar

d. 'T

he J

umbl

ies.

".'7

G

-., ,J18

nove

la

book

-leng

th w

ork

of fi

ctio

nal p

rose

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aco

mpl

ex e

xten

ded

plot

Exa

mpl

es

Ann

e of

Gre

en G

able

s by

L. M

. Mon

tgom

ery

Littl

e Lo

rd F

aunt

lero

y by

Fra

nces

Hod

gson

Bur

nett

Ste

ppin

g on

the

Cra

cks

by M

ary

Dow

ning

Hah

n

The

Cay

by

The

odor

e T

aylo

r

The

Yea

rling

by

Mar

jorie

Kin

nan

Raw

lings

G61

nove

llaa

fictio

nal w

ork

of in

term

edia

te le

ngth

and

G63

com

plex

ity th

at p

lace

it b

etw

een

a sh

ort s

tory

and

a n

ovel

;a

shor

t nov

el

Exa

mpl

es

Ani

mal

Far

m b

y G

eorg

e O

rwel

l

Bre

akfa

st a

t Tiff

any'

s by

Tru

man

Cap

ote

Sar

ah, P

lain

and

Tal

l by

Pat

ricia

Mac

Lac

hlan

Sto

ne F

ox b

y Jo

hn R

eyno

lds

Gar

dine

r

The

Frie

ndsh

ip b

y M

ildre

d D

. Tay

lor

179

nove

lette

a ch

eapl

y pr

oduc

ed, s

ensa

tiona

l sho

rt n

ovel

;G

62pu

lp fi

ctio

n

Exa

mpl

es

Des

try

Rid

es A

gain

by

Max

Bra

nd

Mag

dale

na, t

he B

eaut

iful M

exic

an M

aid

by N

ed B

untli

ne

The

Bla

ck A

veng

er b

y N

ed B

untli

ne

The

Res

urre

ctio

n of

tim

ber

-Jaw

by

Edg

ar R

ice

Bur

roug

hs

Wak

e fo

r th

e Li

ving

by

Ray

Bra

dbur

y

nurs

ery

rhym

etr

aditi

onal

rhy

thm

ic r

hym

ing

vers

e fo

r yo

ung

child

ren

Exa

mpl

es

"Hum

pty

Dum

pty"

"Jac

k an

d Ji

ll"

"Litt

le B

oy B

lue"

"Old

Mot

her

Hub

bard

"

'The

re W

as a

Cro

oked

Man

"

180

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ious

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G65

Exa

mpl

es

"Dej

ectio

n" b

y S

amue

l Tay

lor

Col

erid

ge

to a

Nig

htin

gale

" by

Joh

n K

eats

to S

prin

g" b

y T

hom

as G

ray

'The

Wre

ck o

f the

Deu

tsch

land

" by

Ger

ard

Man

ley

Hop

kins

'To

the

Mem

ory

of M

y B

elov

ed M

aste

r, W

illia

m S

hake

spea

re"

by B

en J

onso

n

para

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oem

vers

e in

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ch e

ach

line

begi

nsor

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s w

ith th

e sa

me

wor

d or

phr

ase

Exa

mpl

e"I

can

..

."

I can

run

;I c

an tr

y;I c

an d

ream

;I c

an fl

y;I c

an d

o an

ythi

ng if

I ai

m fo

r th

e sk

y.

Str

ouf,

Judi

e. T

he L

itera

ture

Tea

cher

's B

ook

of L

ists

,T

he C

ente

r fo

r A

pplie

d R

esea

rch

in E

duca

tion,

199

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sed

by p

erm

issi

on o

f Pre

ntic

e H

all/C

aree

r &

Per

sona

l

Dev

elop

men

t.

183

G67

para

ble

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llego

rical

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at il

lust

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sson

or

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al

Exa

mpl

esT

he H

ouse

on

the

Roc

k (M

atth

ew 7

)

The

Los

t She

ep (

Mat

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Mus

tard

See

d (M

ark

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ke 1

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Tal

ents

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atth

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Exa

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s Y

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ike

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illia

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re

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hom

asG

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illag

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liver

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ith

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mpl

es

Ladi

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ome

Jour

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limer

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187

G69

G71

play

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Exa

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es

Rom

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The

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Pla

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s pr

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e na

rrat

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nea

rlier

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Exa

mpl

e

Gar

den

of S

hado

ws,

the

first

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k se

quen

tially

in 'T

heD

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ngan

ger

Ser

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by

V C

. And

rew

s, w

as th

e la

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be

publ

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Gar

den

of S

hado

ws,

198

7

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wer

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c, 1

979

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adv

ertis

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e pr

omot

ers

of a

pol

itica

lbe

lief o

r ca

use

Exa

mpl

esba

ndw

agon

ing

card

sta

ckin

gex

igen

cyfla

g w

avin

g

glitt

erin

g ge

nera

lity

innu

endo

nam

e ca

lling

plai

n fo

lks

G73

pres

tige

iden

tific

atio

nre

d he

rrin

gsn

ob a

ppea

lte

stim

onia

ltr

ansf

er

"I"m

sel

ling

wis

hes

child

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linn

spre

ad h

is h

ands

as

if it

was

the

mos

tob

viou

s th

ing

in th

e w

orld

. "A

nyth

ing

you

wan

tany

thin

g yo

u co

uld

poss

ibly

imag

inec

an b

e yo

urs!

"A

ll of

us

on th

e be

nch

look

ed a

t one

ano

ther

and

Pol

ly k

ind

of g

iggl

ed. I

won

dere

d if

Mr.

Blin

n w

as c

razy

in th

e he

ad.

"I w

ould

love

to g

et a

wis

h,"

Row

ena

said

. "B

ut it

all

soun

ds s

o.

. so

incr

edib

le."

"I d

eal i

n in

cred

ible

," B

linn

repl

ied

with

a v

ast g

rin. "

But

bef

ore

I go

furt

her,

I mus

t hav

e m

y fe

e. F

ifty

cent

s fr

om e

ach

of y

ou, i

f you

ple

ase.

"

Brit

tain

, Bill

. The

Wis

h-G

iver

. Har

per

& R

ow, 1

983.

prov

erb

a sh

ort,

wid

ely

used

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ing

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exp

ress

es a

G75

gene

ral t

ruth

Exa

mpl

esA

{go

od}

nam

e {is

} ra

ther

to b

e ch

osen

than

gre

at r

iche

s, {

and}

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ng fa

vour

rat

her

than

silv

er a

nd g

old.

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rove

rbs

22:1

)

All

that

glit

ters

is n

ot g

old.

Don

't cr

y ov

er s

pilt

milk

.

The

pen

is m

ight

ier

than

the

swor

d.

Whe

n th

e ca

t's a

way

, the

mic

e w

ill p

lay.

191

pros

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Exa

mpl

es

biog

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y

essa

y

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n

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t sto

ry

text

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line

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stan

za o

r po

em

Exa

mpl

e"T

he N

ight

Has

a T

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and

Eye

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ht h

as a

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nd th

e da

y bu

t one

;Y

et th

e lig

ht o

f the

brig

ht w

orld

die

sW

ith th

e dy

ing

sun.

The

min

d ha

s a

thou

sand

eye

s,A

nd th

e he

art b

ut o

ne;

Yet

the

light

of a

who

le li

fe d

ies

Whe

n lo

ve is

don

e.

Bou

rdill

on, F

ranc

is W

illia

m, i

n T

he B

ook

of V

irtue

s fo

rY

oung

Peo

ple

by W

illia

m J

. Ben

nett.

Silv

er B

urde

tt P

ress

,19

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ece

invo

lvin

gel

emen

ts th

at c

ould

act

ually

occ

ur in

life

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mpl

esad

vent

ure

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empo

rary

fict

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hist

oric

al fi

ctio

n

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ance

wes

tern

G77

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ance

a lit

erar

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ork

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urin

g a

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olve

sG

79ar

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ve a

ffair

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mpl

es

Bin

go B

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n, G

ypsy

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rs

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by S

ir W

alte

r S

cott

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ry b

y E

rich

Seg

al

Rom

eo a

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ulie

t by

Will

iam

Sha

kesp

eare

The

Rel

ucta

nt W

idow

by

Geo

rget

te H

eyer

195

BE

ST C

OPY

MA

KA

BL

E

refe

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e bo

oks

volu

mes

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atio

n w

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mpl

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man

ac

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nce

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rary

fant

asy

char

acte

rized

by

time

and

spac

e tr

avel

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tent

tech

nolo

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lien

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ts

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les

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ne

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e by

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elei

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ngle

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k by

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onic

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ay B

radb

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son,

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iam

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cle

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ker.

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pf, 1

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e ch

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nn M

. Mar

tin

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by

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ixon

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ary

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lsen

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ks

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es

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eter

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l

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ing

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Mar

tin L

uthe

r K

ing,

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ners

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e H

ands

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ngry

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Jon

atha

n E

dwar

ds

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y G

raha

m

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oquy

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amat

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onol

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en b

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G86

in o

ne s

ittin

glo

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hara

cter

Exa

mpl

esE

xam

ple

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hris

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s M

emor

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y T

rum

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apot

eo

To

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r no

t to

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hat i

s th

e qu

estio

n:

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Lad

y or

the

Tig

er?"

by

Fra

nk R

. Sto

ckto

nW

heth

erno

bler

in th

e m

ind

to s

uffe

r

'The

Lot

tery

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Shi

rley

Jack

son

The

slin

gs a

nd a

rrow

s of

out

rage

ous

fort

une,

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Ran

som

of R

ed C

hief

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0. H

enry

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take

arm

s ag

ains

t a s

ea o

f tro

uble

s,

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Sec

ret L

ife o

f Wal

ter

Mitt

y" b

y Ja

mes

Thu

rber

And

by

oppo

sing

end

them

..

..

Sha

kesp

eare

, Will

iam

. Ham

let,

Act

II, S

cene

I.

sonn

eta

14-li

ne r

hym

ing

lyric

poe

m w

ith li

nes

ofeq

ual l

engt

h th

at fo

llow

s on

e of

sev

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vent

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yme

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mes

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mpl

es

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ht S

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e S

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u A

rt"

byJo

hn K

eats

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a an

d th

e S

wan

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Will

iam

But

ler

Yea

ts

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man

dias

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Per

cy B

yssh

e S

helle

y

"Sym

ptom

s" b

y R

ober

t Low

ell

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n W

estm

inst

er B

ridge

" by

Will

iam

Wor

dsw

orth

G87

tabl

oid

a hi

ghly

illu

stra

ted,

hal

f-si

ze n

ewsp

aper

feat

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g se

nsat

iona

l sto

ries

and

gene

ral g

ossi

p

Exa

mpl

es

Glo

be

Nat

iona

l Enq

uire

r

Sun

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Sta

r

Wee

kly

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ld N

ews

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203

204

1I 11

1-°

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tall

tale

a hu

mor

ous,

hig

hly

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gera

ted

stor

yde

taili

ng th

e im

poss

ible

feat

s of

a fo

lk c

hara

cter

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mpl

es

Sw

amp

Ang

el

Pec

os B

ill

Pau

l Bun

yan

John

Hen

ry

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ppy

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per

terc

eta

3-lin

e rh

ymed

sta

nza

or p

oem

; a tr

iple

t

Exa

mpl

e

'The

Flie

s an

d th

e H

oney

Pot

"

A ja

r of

hon

ey c

hanc

ed to

spi

llIts

con

tent

s on

the

win

dow

sill

In m

any

a vi

scou

s po

ol a

nd r

ill.

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flie

s, a

ttrac

ted

by th

e sw

eet,

Beg

an s

o gr

eedi

ly to

eat

,T

hey

smea

red

thei

r fr

agile

win

gs a

nd fe

et.

With

man

y a

twitc

h an

d pu

ll in

vai

nT

hey

gasp

ed to

get

aw

ay a

gain

,A

nd d

ied

in a

rom

atic

pai

n.

Aes

op. T

he B

ook

of V

irtue

s fo

r Y

oung

Peo

ple

by W

illia

m J

. Ben

nett.

Silv

er B

urde

tt P

ress

, 199

6.

20 7

G89

G91

tank

sa

5-lin

e, 3

1-sy

llabl

e po

etic

form

of J

apan

ese

G90

orig

in in

a 5

-7-5

-7-7

syl

labi

c pa

ttern

; rel

ated

to h

aiku

Exa

mpl

e

The

rai

n sp

ills

from

clo

uds

Ove

r th

irsty

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ss a

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ees

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ists

the

land

scap

eLi

ke a

sof

t gen

tle s

how

erS

prin

g aw

aken

s th

e w

hole

wor

ld.

Fro

m C

allio

pe b

y G

reta

Bar

clay

Lip

son,

Ed.

D. a

nd J

ane

A.

Rom

atow

ski,

Ed.

D. ©

198

1 by

Goo

d A

pple

, an

impr

int o

f Mod

ern

Cur

ricul

um, S

imon

& S

chus

ter

Ele

men

tary

. Use

d by

per

mis

sion

.

text

book

a bo

ok a

dopt

ed b

y sc

hool

s fo

r th

e fo

rmal

stud

y of

an

acad

emic

sub

ject

are

a

Exa

mpl

es

Intr

oduc

tion

to L

itera

ture

by

Hol

t Rin

ehar

t Win

ston

Mat

hem

atic

s P

lus

by H

arco

urt B

race

Jov

anov

ich

Sci

ence

Plu

s: T

echn

olog

y an

d S

ocie

ty b

y H

olt R

ineh

art W

inst

on

The

Mus

ic C

onne

ctio

n by

Silv

er B

urde

tt G

inn

The

Writ

er's

Cra

ft by

McD

ouga

l, Li

ttell

Wor

ld G

eogr

aphy

by

Pre

ntic

e H

all

G92

208

p

569

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6OLA

969

1769

thes

auru

sa

refe

renc

e bo

ok u

sed

for

findi

ngsy

nony

ms

and

anto

nym

s of

wor

ds

Exa

mpl

es

Cle

ar a

nd S

impl

epu

blis

hed

by G

ross

et &

Dun

lap

Rog

et's

Inte

rnat

iona

lpu

blis

hed

by H

arpe

r C

ollin

s

Web

ster

's N

ew W

orld

publ

ishe

dby

Sim

on &

Sch

uste

r

trilo

gya

colle

ctio

n of

thre

e re

late

d lit

erar

y w

orks

Exa

mpl

es

The

Lor

d of

the

Rin

gsth

ree

book

s by

J. R

. R. T

olki

en

G93

trag

edy

a se

rious

pla

y or

lite

rary

wor

k w

ith a

nun

happ

y or

dis

astr

ous

endi

ng

Exa

mpl

es

Dea

th o

f a S

ales

man

by

Art

hur

Mill

er

Kin

g Le

ar b

y W

illia

m S

hake

spea

re

Long

Day

's J

ourn

ey In

to N

ight

by

Eug

ene

O'N

eill

Pol

ly V

augh

n (t

radi

tiona

l Eng

lish

balla

d)

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Dro

wni

ng o

f Ste

phan

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es b

yB

ette

Gre

ene

G95

wes

tern

a lit

erar

y w

ork

with

a p

lot t

hat r

evol

ves

arou

nd fr

ontie

r lif

e in

the

Am

eric

an W

est

Exa

mpl

es

Hon

do b

y Lo

uis

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mou

r

Lone

som

e D

ove

by L

arry

McM

urtr

y

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ers

of th

e P

urpl

e S

age

by Z

ane

Gre

y

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ne b

y Ja

ck S

chae

fer

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Out

cast

s of

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er F

lat b

y B

ret

Har

te

The

Fel

low

ship

of t

he R

ing

The

Tw

o T

ower

s

The

Ret

urn

of th

e K

ing

The

Tim

eth

ree

book

s by

Mad

elei

neL'

Eng

le A W

rinkl

e in

Tim

e

A W

ind

in th

e D

oor

A S

wift

ly T

iltin

g P

lane

t-1

1

G94

G96

OS

i

L..

1

SS

I

1

I

Ift....-..

ii,

1

I

ackn

owle

dgm

ents

a w

ord

of a

ppre

ciat

ion

toin

divi

dual

s or

gro

ups

who

pro

vide

d si

gnifi

cant

ass

ista

nce

in th

e cr

eatio

n of

a b

ook

Exa

mpl

e

Spe

cial

than

ks g

o to

Mar

y E

. Woo

druf

f of t

he V

erm

ont

Wom

en's

His

tory

Pro

ject

and

Dr.

Rob

ert M

. Bro

wn

of th

eM

useu

m o

f Am

eric

an T

extil

e H

isto

ry, w

ho r

ead

this

boo

kin

man

uscr

ipt a

nd o

ffere

d su

gges

tions

and

cor

rect

ions

.A

ny e

rror

s of

fact

whi

ch r

emai

n ar

e, o

f cou

rse,

my

own.

Pat

erso

n, K

athe

rine.

Lyd

die.

Vik

ing,

199

1.

BT

I

anon

ymou

sa

term

use

d w

hen

the

auth

or is

unk

now

nB

T3

or w

ishe

s to

rem

ain

unkn

own

Exa

mpl

es (

Titl

es b

y U

nkno

wn

Aut

hors

)

Beo

wul

f

Go

Ask

Alic

e

Hin

du M

yths

Jay'

s Jo

urna

l

Sir

Gaw

ain

and

the

Gre

en K

nigh

t

215

afte

rwor

da

wor

d fr

om th

e au

thor

imm

edia

tely

follo

win

g th

e te

xt o

r na

rrat

ive;

aut

hor's

not

e

Exa

mpl

e

How

muc

h of

Ann

emar

ie's

sto

ry is

true

? I k

now

I w

ill b

eas

ked

that

. Let

me

try

to te

ll yo

u, h

ere,

whe

re fa

ct e

nds

and

fictio

n be

gins

.

Ann

emar

ie J

ohan

sen

is a

chi

ld o

f my

imag

inat

ion,

thou

ghsh

e gr

ew th

ere

from

the

stor

ies

told

to m

e by

my

frie

ndA

nnel

ise

Pla

tt, to

who

m th

is b

ook

is d

edic

ated

, who

was

hers

elf a

chi

ld in

Cop

enha

gen

durin

g th

e lo

ng y

ears

of t

heG

erm

an o

ccup

atio

n..

..

Low

ry, L

ois.

Num

ber

the

Sta

rs. H

ough

ton

Miff

lin, 1

989.

BT

2

appe

ndix

a su

pple

men

t to

a bo

ok, u

sual

ly in

clud

edB

T4

in th

e ba

ck m

atte

r

Exa

mpl

e

App

endi

ces

A. G

arth

Will

iam

s, th

e Ill

ustr

ator

B. T

he M

anus

crip

ts

C. S

pide

rs

D. E

. B. W

hite

's L

ette

rs a

nd C

omm

ents

Abo

ut C

harlo

tte's

Web

E. R

eade

rs' R

espo

nses

F.

Crit

ical

App

rais

als

G. R

ecom

men

ded

Rea

ding

Whi

te, E

. B. a

nd P

eter

F N

eum

eyer

. The

Ann

otat

edC

harlo

tte's

Web

. Har

perC

ollin

s, 1

994.

91 6

co IMO

SS

i..

1

1

I

I

I1

Ii il

coIII

111.

I

.1 .1

auth

orth

e w

riter

of a

boo

k

Exa

mpl

es

Pam

Con

rad

Glo

ria H

oust

on

Kat

herin

e P

ater

son

Gar

y P

auls

en

Bill

Wal

lace

BT

5ba

ck m

atte

rbo

ok p

arts

loca

ted

behi

nd th

e m

ain

BT

6

text

of t

he b

ook

bibl

iogr

aphy

list o

f sou

rces

or

title

s us

ed o

rB

T7

reco

mm

ende

d by

an

auth

or

Exa

mpl

eF

our

book

s st

imul

ated

my

thin

king

whe

n I w

as d

ecid

ing

how

to tr

eat

the

subj

ect o

f pla

gues

in h

isto

ry. T

hey

wer

e:

Pla

gues

and

Peo

ples

by

Will

iam

H. M

cNei

ll (N

ew Y

ork:

Dou

bled

ay,

1977

).

The

Doc

tor

in H

isto

ry b

y H

owar

d W

. Hag

gard

(N

ew Y

ork:

Dor

set P

ress

,19

89).

Dis

ease

and

His

tory

by

Fre

deric

k F

Car

twrig

ht, i

n co

llabo

ratio

n w

ithM

icha

el D

. Bod

diss

(N

ew Y

ork:

Dor

set P

ress

, 199

1).

Rat

s, L

ice,

and

His

tory

: The

Bio

grap

hy o

f a B

acill

us b

y H

ans

Zin

sser

(Bos

ton:

The

Atla

ntic

Mon

thly

Pre

ss/L

ittle

, Bro

wn

and

Com

pany

, 193

4).

Gib

lin,

Jam

es C

ross

. Whe

n P

lagu

e S

trik

es: T

he B

lack

Dea

th,

Sm

allp

ox, A

IDS

. Har

per

Col

lins,

199

5. p

p. 1

97-1

98.

zi 9

Exa

mpl

es

appe

ndix

glos

sary

sour

ces

bibl

iogr

aphy

inde

x

bio

a sh

ort b

iogr

aphy

of a

n au

thor

or

illus

trat

or

Exa

mpl

e

Mem

Fox

is th

e be

love

d au

thor

of m

any

popu

lar

pict

ure

book

s, in

clud

ing

Har

cour

t Bra

ce's

Pos

sum

Mag

ic, G

uess

Wha

t?, K

oala

Lou

, and

mos

t rec

ently

, Tim

e fo

r B

ed.

She

live

s w

ith h

er fa

mily

nea

r th

e se

a in

Ade

laid

e, S

outh

Aus

tral

ia, b

ut h

as n

ever

see

n a

real

pira

te. T

he in

spira

tion

for

Tou

gh B

oris

cam

e du

ring

a w

ritin

g ex

erci

se a

ssig

ned

by o

ne o

f her

stu

dent

s at

Flin

ders

Uni

vers

ity, w

here

she

isa

seni

or le

ctur

er in

lang

uage

art

s.

Fox

, Mem

. Tou

gh B

oris

. Har

cour

t Bra

ce, 1

994.

220

BT

8

0 fsl

r

SO

i

4m

il

Il

L.

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SO

IS

C13

p

i

CD

chap

ter

a m

ajor

sub

divi

sion

of a

boo

kB

T9

copy

right

a fo

rm o

f pro

tect

ion

prov

ided

by

U.S

. law

toB

T I

0

Exa

mpl

eau

thor

s of

"or

igin

al w

orks

of a

utho

rshi

p,"

incl

udin

glit

erat

ure,

dra

ma,

mus

ic, a

nd o

ther

gen

res.

The

ow

ner

ofth

e co

pyrig

ht h

as th

e ex

clus

ive

right

to d

o or

aut

horiz

e.ot

hers

to d

o su

ch th

ings

as

repr

oduc

e th

e w

ork,

dis

trib

ute

the

wor

k, o

r pe

rfor

m th

e w

ork.

IC

alle

rs

IIF

ence

s

IIIS

choo

l

IVH

ogse

s

VO

vera

lls

Lens

ki, L

ois.

Str

awbe

rry

Girl

. Har

per

Col

lins,

1945

, ren

ewed

197

3.

copy

right

dat

eth

e ye

ar a

boo

k is

pub

lishe

d

Exa

mpl

es

0199

7

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40

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2

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2

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I1

dedi

catio

nst

atem

ent i

dent

ifyin

g an

indi

vidu

al o

rB

T I

2

grou

p an

aut

hor

wis

hes

to r

emem

ber

Exa

mpl

es

To

my

fath

er, H

aven

Pec

k.

a qu

iet a

nd g

entle

man

who

se w

ork

was

kill

ing

pigs

Pec

k, R

ober

t New

ton.

A D

ay N

o P

igs

Wou

ld D

ie. K

nopf

, 197

2.

For

all

the

child

ren

To

who

m w

e en

trus

t the

futu

re

Low

ry L

ois.

The

Giv

er. H

ough

ton

Miff

lin, 1

993.

III I1

Il

MI

CD

I

I

.1

I ..1

A 1

1

4'

14

desi

gner

a gr

aphi

c ar

tist w

ho c

reat

es th

e ov

eral

lap

pear

ance

of a

boo

k, in

clud

ing

sele

ctio

n of

pap

er,

colo

rs, f

onts

, and

imag

es

BT

13

edito

ra

publ

ishe

r's r

epre

sent

ativ

e w

ho a

cqui

res

and

BT

15pr

epar

es m

anus

crip

ts fr

om a

utho

rs fo

r pu

blic

atio

n

Exa

mpl

es

Virg

inia

Buc

kley

Jam

es C

ross

Gib

lin

Mar

gare

t K. M

cEld

erry

Geo

rge

Nic

hols

on

Max

wel

l Per

kins

227

editi

on li

nea

line

on th

e co

pyrig

ht p

age

that

indi

cate

s th

e bo

ok's

ord

er o

f prin

ting

Exa

mpl

es

The

se li

nes

indi

cate

firs

t edi

tions

.

10 9

8 7

6 5

4 3

2 1

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E

Firs

t Im

pres

sion

BT

I 4

epig

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otat

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usua

lly fr

om a

spe

ech,

poe

m,

BT

16

or s

crip

ture

pla

ced

at th

e fr

ont o

f a. b

ook

that

isin

dica

tive

of th

e bo

ok's

them

e

Exa

mpl

e

A fa

rmer

's h

eart

is r

abbi

t sof

t,

And

farm

er e

yes

are

blue

.

But

farm

ers'

eye

s ar

e ea

gle

fierc

e

And

look

a m

an r

ight

thro

ugh.

Pec

k, R

ober

t New

ton.

A D

ay N

o P

igs

Wou

ld D

ie.

Kno

pf, 1

972.

228

SO

.1

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epilo

gue

a su

mm

ariz

ing

or c

oncl

udin

gpa

ssag

e at

BT

17th

e en

d of

a s

tory

;a

pass

age

that

tells

wha

tha

ppen

edaf

ter

the

stor

y

Exa

mpl

e

Sad

ako

Sas

aki d

ied

on O

ctob

er 2

5, 1

955.

Her

cla

ssm

ates

fold

ed th

ree

hund

red

and

fifty

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cran

es s

o th

at o

ne th

ousa

ndw

ere

burie

d w

ith S

adak

o.In

a w

ay s

he g

ot h

er w

ish.

She

will

live

on

in th

ehe

arts

of p

eopl

e fo

r a

long

tim

e.

Coe

rr, E

lean

or. S

adak

o an

dth

e T

hous

and

Pap

erC

rane

s. P

utna

m, 1

977.

fore

wor

dan

intr

oduc

tory

wor

d fr

om th

eau

thor

or g

uest

writ

er

Exa

mpl

eA

n O

pen

Lette

r fr

om J

ohan

naH

urw

itz

Dea

r R

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rs,

folio

a pa

ge n

umbe

r

BT

19fr

ont m

atte

rth

e bo

ok p

arts

loca

ted

befo

reth

e m

ain

text

of t

he b

ook

In th

is b

ook

abou

t cor

resp

ondi

ngw

ith a

utho

rs a

nd il

lust

rato

rs,

let m

e be

gin

by w

ritin

g a

lette

r to

you.

Whe

n I w

as g

row

ing

up in

the

1940

s an

d 50

s,te

ache

rs n

ever

thou

ght t

o as

k th

eir

stud

ents

to w

rite

to a

utho

rs.

Nev

erth

eles

s, o

ne d

ay w

hen

Iw

as a

bout

twel

ve y

ears

old

, I fe

ltso

sor

ry to

reac

h th

e en

d of

the

book

Iw

as r

eadi

ng th

at I

just

had

to w

rite

to it

sau

thor

. The

boo

k w

as B

etsy

and

Tac

y G

o D

ownt

own

and

the

auth

orw

as M

aud

Har

t Lov

elac

e. I

did

not k

now

whe

re s

he li

ved

or e

ven

if sh

ew

as a

live.

Yet

the

very

act

of w

ritin

gto

Mrs

. Lov

elac

e an

d te

lling

her

how

muc

h I l

iked

her

sto

ry m

ade

me

feel

goo

d..

.Joh

anna

Hur

witz

Blo

unt,

Jr, R

. How

ard.

The

Add

ress

Boo

k of

Chi

ldre

n's

Aut

hors

and

Illus

trat

ors.

Inst

ruct

iona

l Fai

rT

. S. D

enis

on, 1

994.

p. 8

. Rep

rinte

d by

perm

issi

on o

f T. S

. Den

ison

.93

1

Exa

mpl

es

ackn

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dgm

ents

ad c

ard

copy

right

pag

e

dedi

catio

n

epig

raph

fore

wor

d

BE

ST C

OPY

AV

AIL

AB

LE

fron

tispi

ece

half

title

intr

oduc

tion

pref

ace

tabl

e of

con

tent

s

title

pag

e

9_32

BT

18

BT

2 0

0

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glos

sary

an a

lpha

betic

al li

stin

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boo

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late

dB

T21

term

s an

d de

finiti

ons

Exa

mpl

e

barr

el: s

tand

ard

of m

easu

rem

ent f

or c

ranb

errie

s. O

ne b

arre

leq

uals

100

pou

nds

of c

ranb

errie

s.

bed:

one

por

tion

of a

cra

nber

ry b

og, u

sual

ly r

ecta

ngul

ar in

sha

pean

d tw

o to

four

acr

es in

siz

e

bog:

a ty

pe o

f wet

land

on

whi

ch c

ranb

errie

s ca

n be

farm

ed.

Cra

nber

ry b

ogs

have

a p

eat b

otto

m a

nd a

cidi

c so

il.

Bur

ns, D

iane

L. C

ranb

errie

s: F

ruit

of th

e B

ogs.

Car

olrh

oda,

1994

.

inde

xan

alp

habe

tical

list

ing

of im

port

ant w

ords

and

the

page

num

bers

whe

re th

ey a

re u

sed

in th

e te

xt

Exa

mpl

e

Aca

dia,

6-8

, 14,

31

Ash

Wed

nesd

ay, 1

1, 3

0

band

its, 1

0ba

you,

5bo

udin

, 17

buve

tte, 1

3

Caj

un, 3

1an

cest

ors,

5, 6

, 7,1

0, 3

0hi

stor

y 6-

8, 1

4

Hoy

t-G

olds

mith

, Dia

ne. M

ardi

Gra

s: A

Caj

un C

ount

ryC

eleb

ratio

n. H

olid

ay H

ouse

, 199

5.23

5

BT

23

illus

trat

orth

e bo

ok's

art

ist

Exa

mpl

es

Jan

Bre

tt

Leo

& D

iane

Dill

on

Tho

mas

Loc

ker

Dav

id M

acau

lay

Jerr

y P

inkn

ey

Pat

ricia

Pol

acco

Chr

is V

an A

llsbu

rg

BT

22

intr

oduc

tion

a fa

irly

long

not

e fr

om th

e au

thor

or

BT

24an

othe

r pe

rson

that

pro

vide

s im

port

ant b

ackg

roun

din

form

atio

n fo

r th

e bo

ok

Exa

mpl

e

..

.Im

agin

ativ

e th

ough

I w

as a

s a

kid,

I nev

er p

ictu

red

am

ailm

an k

nock

ing

at th

e do

or o

f a w

riter

and

say

ing

som

ethi

ngm

unda

ne li

ke, "

Lots

of m

ail f

rom

you

r fa

ns to

day"

Nor

cou

ld I

envi

sion

the

writ

er o

peni

ng a

lette

r, r

eadi

ng a

lette

r, o

r ch

uckl

ing

orw

eepi

ng a

t a le

tter

from

a p

erso

n lik

e m

e.

Yet

her

e I s

it to

day,

che

win

g on

a s

tran

d of

hai

r w

hile

I po

nder

ase

nten

ce, a

nd o

n m

y de

sk is

a s

tack

of m

ail f

rom

rea

ders

who

rea

lize

that

I am

no

fart

her

away

from

them

than

a fi

rst-

clas

s st

amp.

I wis

h I w

ere

youn

g ag

ain,

with

a fa

vorit

e bo

ok b

y m

y si

de a

nd a

pen

and

pape

r in

my

hand

. ..L

ois

Low

ryC

O

Rea

d M

agaz

ine.

Dea

r A

utho

r. C

onar

i Pre

ss, 1

995.

p. i

x..-

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tand

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k N

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the

univ

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er n

umbe

r

Exa

mpl

e

1-56

417-

665-

7

Blo

unt;

Jr, R

. How

ard.

Lan

guag

e A

rts

Ling

o: G

loss

arie

s an

dF

lash

card

s fo

r 20

0+ T

erm

s. G

ood

App

le, 1

997.

pref

ace

a br

ief n

ote

from

an

auth

or

Exa

mpl

e

Som

e of

this

sto

ry is

true

. Som

e of

it's

lies

. No

bron

tosa

urus

has

ever

bee

n fo

und

in N

ebra

ska,

but

I'm

par

tial t

o N

ebra

ska,

and

all.

my

own

foss

ils a

nd b

ones

com

e fr

om th

ere.

And

whi

le I

neve

r he

ard

of a

you

ng g

irl in

Neb

rask

a ta

king

par

t in

adi

nosa

ur a

dven

ture

, the

re w

as o

nce

a yo

ung

girl

in E

ngla

nd in

1810

who

mad

e an

impo

rtan

t din

osau

r di

scov

ery

with

the

help

of h

er b

roth

er.

BT

27

So

this

sto

ry c

ould

hav

e ha

ppen

ed li

ke it

say

s, a

lmos

t, bu

t it

didn

't re

ally

, not

exa

ctly

any

way

.

Con

rad,

Pam

. My

Dan

iel.

Har

per

Col

lins,

198

9.

239

perm

issi

ons

a lis

t of s

tate

men

ts g

ivin

g pe

rmis

sion

BT

26to

use

exc

erpt

s fr

om o

ther

cop

yrig

hted

wor

ks

Exa

mpl

e

"I'll

Be

Bac

k,"

© 1

964

Nor

ther

n S

ongs

Lim

ited;

"It'

s O

nly

Love

,"©

196

5 N

orth

ern

Son

gs L

imite

d; "

Rev

olut

ion,

" ©

196

8 N

orth

ern

Son

gs L

imite

d; "

I'm L

ooki

ng T

hrou

gh Y

ou,"

© 1

965

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ther

nS

ongs

Lim

ited;

"C

an't

Buy

Me

Love

," ©

196

4 N

orth

ern

Son

gsLi

mite

d; "

Bab

y's

in B

lack

," ©

196

4 N

orth

ern

Son

gs L

imite

d; "

In M

yLi

fe,"

© 1

965

Nor

ther

n S

ongs

Lim

ited:

All

song

s by

Joh

n Le

nnon

and

Pau

l McC

artn

ey. A

ll R

ight

s C

ontr

olle

d an

d A

dmin

iste

red

by M

CA

MU

SIC

PU

BLI

SH

ING

, A D

ivis

ion

of M

CA

INC

., N

ew Y

ork

NY

100

19.

Und

er li

cens

e fr

om A

TV

MU

SIC

. US

ED

BY

PE

RM

ISS

ION

. ALL

RIG

HT

SR

ES

ER

VE

D.

Ryl

ant,

Cyn

thia

. But

I'll

Be

Bac

k A

gain

. Orc

hard

, 198

9.

prol

ogue

an in

trod

ucto

ry o

r op

enin

g pa

ssag

e at

the

begi

nnin

g of

a s

tory

; a p

assa

ge th

at te

lls w

hat h

appe

ned

prio

r to

the

stor

y

Exa

mpl

e

The

y sa

y M

ania

c M

agee

was

bor

n in

a d

ump.

The

y sa

y hi

sst

omac

h w

as a

cer

eal b

ox a

nd h

is h

eart

a s

ofa

sprin

g.

The

y sa

y he

kep

t an

eigh

t-in

ch c

ockr

oach

on

a le

ash

and

that

rats

sto

od g

uard

ove

r hi

m w

hile

he

slep

t.

The

y sa

y if

you

knew

he

was

com

ing

and

you

sprin

kled

sal

ton

the

grou

nd a

nd h

e ra

n ov

er it

, with

in tw

o or

thre

e bl

ocks

he

wou

ld b

e as

slo

w a

s ev

eryb

ody

else

.

The

y sa

y.

Spi

nelli

, Jer

ry. M

ania

c M

agee

. Litt

le, B

row

n, 1

990.

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publ

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en n

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Exa

mpl

es

Pse

udon

ym

Mar

k T

wai

n

Eve

Bun

ting

M. E

. Ker

r, V

in P

acke

r

Laur

a Le

e H

ope,

Fra

nklin

W.

Dix

on

Had

ley

Irw

in

Giv

en N

ame

Sam

uel L

angh

orne

Cle

men

s

Ann

e E

vely

n B

olto

n

Mar

ijane

Mea

ker

Edw

ard

Str

atem

eyer

Lee

Had

ley

and

Ann

Irw

in

Dr.

Seu

ssT

heod

ore

Seu

ss G

eise

l

publ

ishe

ra

com

pany

that

prin

ts a

nddi

strib

utes

boo

ks

Exa

mpl

es

Har

cour

t Bra

ce

Har

per

Col

lins

Hou

ghto

n M

ifflin

Ran

dom

Hou

se

Sim

on &

Sch

uste

r

243

publ

ic d

omai

nlit

erar

y w

orks

no

long

er p

rote

cted

by

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30

copy

right

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s

Exa

mpl

es

anon

ymou

s w

orks

clas

sics

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rnm

ent p

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atio

ns

piec

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ublis

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nev

er c

opyr

ight

ed

wor

ks 5

0 ye

ars

afte

r th

e co

pyrig

ht o

wne

r's d

eath

BT

31so

urce

sa

bibl

iogr

aphy

of p

ublis

hed

mat

ter

used

as

BT

32

rese

arch

for

the

book

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mpl

e

DO

UG

LAS

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AU

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BIO

GR

AP

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ALA

Giessanies and Flashcards?or 21:43+ Terms

BY R. HOWARD BLOUNT, JR.

Language Arts Lingo will provide you with the tools and resources you need to help

your students fall in love with literature. Reproducible glossaries containing over 200

literary, genre, book content, and book construction terms, along with removable

flashcards, will make reviewing these language arts essentials easy, enjoyable, and

fun. Game suggestions, such as tic-tac-toe and Jeopardy, are included. Help students

delve deeply into the world of literature with Language Arts Lingo. For grades 4-8.

About the AuthorR. Howard Blount, Jr. has been an elementary and middle-

school classroom teacher in Hillsborough County, Florida, since

1980. He earned a B.A. degree in Elementary Education from

Southeastern College and an M.Ed. degree in Educational

Leadership from the University of South Florida. Mr. Blount

also works as an educational consultant, freelance writer,

proofreader, and reviewer of children's books. He is the author

of The Address Book of Children's Authors and Illustrators,

Implementing Literature-Based Instruction and Authentic

Assessment, and Art Projects Plus, published by

Instructional Fair/T. S. Denison.

GA 1575

ISBN 1-56417-665-7

Good Apple.

299 Jefferson. Road

P.O. EiOx480'Parsippany, NJ 07054-0480

5 I

n

a

ISBN L-56417-bb5-7

9

cno

'De 0 0 t f1:7.'

Of iceice'' Education l Resqrrq

OfEda000003q04ut (OE

114 0904 POW grOOPO

ROD....... ... (SPeciflaA?odument

CU M ENT IDENTIFICATIO

Corporate Source: Good Apple, an imprint of American Teaching Aids IADUPlicaUO

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