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Review: What factors led many people and societies to embrace Islam? What empires were weak? How did they treat people of other faiths? How did they feel about knowledge? What were the people’s other options for

rulers? Were they popular?

Muslim Expansion

http://www.morainevalley.edu/ctl/MiddleEast/images/Map_Early%20Islamic%20Expansion.jpg

Extra Credit Opportunity

Final one for the six weeks. Write a 2 page minimum review of a

current conflict involving the Sunni-Shia split.

Must use at least 2 resources (MLA citation).

Worth 15 points. (Due on Wednesday)

The Rightly Guided Caliphs

After Muhammad, 1st Arab Empire begins with the Rightly Guided Caliphs

Caliph = successor to prophet 4 Rightly Guided Caliphs – all serve for

life and rule from Medina Spread Islam to India, Egypt, North

Africa, Syria and Palestine.

The Umayyad Caliphs

Replace Rightly Guided Caliphs.

Move capital from Medina to Damascus

Make caliphs hereditary Make Arabic official

language of empire Created postal routes,

mosques, 1st Arabic money, and encouraged the arts.

http://www.uah.edu/msa/pics/baitrahm.jpg

Europe Holds off Islam

Moors – Muslim Arabs from N. Africa intermarried with local Berbers.

Moors conquer Spain in AD 710. Try to take over France. Battle of Tours AD 732 – Franks (the

French), led by Charles the Hammer Martel, defeat Muslim forces and stop Islamic expansion. (Yes, the French won a battle!)

The Battle of Tours

http://www.tfdutch.com/tours.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Carlosmartelempoitiers.JPEG/300px-Carlosmartelempoitiers.JPEG

http://pages.infinit.net/pascars/graal/Charles1.JPG

Charles“The Hammer” Martel

The Umayyads v. Abbasids

AD 750 – War breaks out between the groups.

Abbasids take control 1st Hundred years in power known as

Golden Age. Move capital to Baghdad Arabic remains official language.

More About the Golden Age

Abbasids worked to make Baghdad major trading center.

Leads to new ideas from India like number system – Arabic numerals

Slavery always present, but NOT based on race.

Persians eventually take over for Abbasids.

Collapse of the Empire Empire falls due to divisions within the

religion. Disagreed on who should rule Muslims Shi’ites believed caliph could only

come from descendant of Muhammad Sunni followed any legitimate caliph Division still exists today

Sunni vs. Shia Islam

Reflection

How do you think the split of Islam will impact Muslims today?

Contributions of Islam Mosaics Concept of Zero – Arabic Numerals Arabic alphabet Universities Studied connection of geography and

climate Algebra and medicine Architecture – Dome of the Rock in

Jerusalem

Dome of the Rock - Jerusalem