do angry women choose alcohol?people.uncw.edu/noeln/documents/fall2016angrywomen.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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Do Angry Women Choose Alcohol?
Powerpoint by: Anthea DeVeyra, Mariel Valino, Victoria Blum, Wyatt Janning
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Introduction: Previous Studies
ò Drinking motivated by anger (cf. Dimeff & Marlatt, 1995)
ò Anger management key to alcohol treatment (regarding women specifically) (Maisto et. al., 2009)
ò Strong link between anger and risky driving (Lonczak et. al., 2007)
ò Women more likely to use alcohol to relieve negative emotions (Morissette, 1994)
ò Anger’s effects on drinking difficult to control
ò Aggression is not the same as anger
ò Study: Interaction with deviant children reports negative emotions, consuming more alcohol (Pelham et. al. 1997)
ò Why is it difficult to find controlled studies of anger’s effects on drinking?
ò Relationship between hostility and depression
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Testing the effects on alcohol consumption (Marlatt, Kosturn & Lang, 1975)
ò Three groups (male and female participants)
ò Anger Provocation
ò Participants who could not retaliate significantly drank more wine than those who could.
ò Drinking to relieve anger and hostility vs
ò Retaliating to relieve anger and hostility
ò Third condition: participants who were not provoked did not show any significant change from either groups
ò 1)frustration 2)Social anxiety 3)unknown reasons
ò An aggressive individual does not necessarily provoke anger
ò Fear
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Do angry women choose alcohol?
ò Took into consideration: anger provocation, anger measurement, drinking by female participants, drinking expectancies.
ò Different manipulation to provoke anger
ò Men= aggressive attitude
ò Women= condescending and insulting attitude
ò “Female Specific” anger provocation
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Anger Provocation
ò Effectiveness of provocation
ò Self-Report
ò Multiple Affect Adjective Check list– Revised (MAACL-R; Zuckerman & Lubin
ò Series of Likert- type scale (measured anger, anxiety happiness and contentment) (Walk, 1956)
ò Labeled “Anger”
ò No contamination by other negative emotions
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Alcohol Consumption
ò No alcohol for women of childbearing age (NIAAA) (1989)
ò Alternate for alcohol—non alcoholic beer
ò Drinking behavior
ò Taste-rating task to measure beverage consumption
ò Addition of comparison beverage (ginger ale)
ò Allowed measurement of selection of alcohol and amount consumed
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Determining drinking behavior
ò Use of alcohol as a coping strategy
ò Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (AEQ; Brown et. al., 1987)
ò Measures expectations of relaxation and assertiveness
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Purpose
ò Study the effect of “female-specific” anger provocation on alcohol consumption by young adult women
ò When provoked female participants would be more likely to choose an alcoholic beverage
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ò Participants
ò Materials
ò Recruitment
ò Initial Data collection
ò Anger Provocation manipulation
ò Drinking Behavior
ò Debriefing
Method
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Participants
ò 30 women
ò Mean age: 22.5 years
ò Mean years of education: 15.87
ò 2 participants had to be excluded
ò Detected deception in anger provocation phase of study
ò Qualified for alcohol dependence diagnosis
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Materials
ò Quantity-Frequency Index
ò Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist-Revised
ò Likert-type Feeling Thermometer
ò Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire
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Recruitment
ò Local newspapers
ò Flyers
ò $250 drawing
ò Confederates
ò 7 female undergraduate psychology majors
ò Experimenters
ò 2 undergraduates
ò Graduate Research Coordinator
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Initial Data Collection
ò Participant and Confederate
ò Demographic inventory
ò QFI
ò Baseline MAACL-R
ò Feeling Thermometer
• Breathalyzer assessment
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Anger Provocation Manipulation
ò 2 experimental conditions
ò Provocation (n=15)
ò No Provocation (n=15)
ò Anagrams
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Drinking Behavior
ò 4 beverages
ò 2 non-alcoholic beer and 2 Ginger Ale
ò Rate the taste of each
ò How much did participant drink?
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Debriefing
ò 1) assess effectiveness of deceptions
ò 2) assess and mollify any lingering emotional distress
ò 3) help participant understand importance of research and enlist as “research partner”
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Results
ò Verification of anger provocation
ò Ratings from participants on the Feeling Thermometer scales and the subscales of the MAACL-R were subjected to independent sample t-tests
ò High MAACL-R hostility scores (M=3.14, SD=2.88) for participants in Provocation condition compared to Non-Provocation condition (M=0.36, SD=0.63)
ò Higher Feeling Thermometer anger scores (M=3.07, SD=1.98) for participants in Provocation condition compared to Non-Provocation condition (M=1.50, SD=.76)
ò No significant changes between groups when looking at analyses of remaining MAACL-R scales and the Feeling Thermometer scales
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ò Beverage consumption
ò (P) Average of 170.0 ml of placebo beer (SD=81.34) and 181.79 ml (SD=112.36) of ginger ale
ò (NP) Average of 120.07 ml (SD=78.38) of placebo beer and 199.5 ml (SD=151.71) of ginger ale
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ò A univariate analysis of covariate was conducted
ò condition was the fixed factor
ò amount of placebo beer was the dependent variable
ò Covariates
ò Pre-manipulation Anger Feeling Thermometer and the MAACL-R negative emotion subscales (hostility, anxiety, and depression)
ò Baseline negative affect
ò Anger manipulation
ò Result of analysis was significant, F (1, 22)=4.61, p<.05
ò Provocation drank more than Non-Provocation condition
ò Ginger ale
ò Results not significant F (1, 22)=.050, p>.05
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ò Bivariate correlations
ò assertiveness expectancies
ò relaxation expectancies
ò placebo beer consumed
ò No significant correlations in Non-Provocation group
ò Significant positive correlation between assertiveness and “beer” consumed in Provocation group
ò Provoked women believed “More alcohol=More assertive” (r=.54; p<.05)
ò No significant correlation between relaxation expectancies and placebo drinking
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Do (H)Angry Women Really Choose Alcohol?
ò What Presents this Question from the Research:
Experimental Evidence displayed Increased Feelings of:
ò Problem Solving
ò Assertion
ò Hostility
ò Anxiety, etc.?
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Control
ò Control Tested two times and proved to be significantly different than manipulation
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Limitation
ò Non Alcoholic Beer
ò Response “placebo effect”
ò Small Population
ò Limited Demographics
ò Self Response Survey
ò Peer Pressured Anger!
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Bottom Line
ò Increased Anger and Hostility
ò Experimental Evidence Could Help In Alcoholics Courses
ò Limited Data