dna technology and genomics chapter 20 a. p. biology mr. knowles liberty senior high school
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DNA Technology and Genomics
Chapter 20
A. P. Biology
Mr. Knowles
Liberty Senior High School
![Page 2: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Restriction Endonucleases• Enzymes that recognize specific DNA
sequences in dsDNA (usually 4-6 bp sequence of nucleotides) and digest the DNA at this site.
• Produce fragments of DNA of various lengths. Restriction Fragments.
• Restriction Enzymes isolated from many species of bacteria.
![Page 4: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Restriction Enzymes• Several hundred isolated.• Specifically named:
Ex: EcoRI
E = genus
co = species coli
R = strain RY13
I = first endonuclease isolated
![Page 5: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Some enzymes...• Others cleave each strand off-center
at specific nucleotides to produce “overhangs”-sticky end cutters. Ex. EcoRI
• Cut cleanly through the DNA at the same position on both strands- blunt end cutters. Ex. Hae III
![Page 7: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
How Do You Separate DNA Fragments?
• Electrophoresis- the separation of DNA fragments based upon the negative charge of the DNA and its size.
• DNA is negatively charged because of phosphates.
![Page 8: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 12: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Genetic Variation• Any two humans have nearly identical
sequences of DNA (99.9%).• But 0.1% is = to 3.0 X 106 nucleotides
(recall the genome is 3.0 X 109 nucletotides).
• DNA profiling takes advantage of polymorphisms (many forms) of repeated sequences in noncoding regions of DNA (near centromeres or ends of chromosomes)
![Page 13: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Two Kinds of Polymorphisms• Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR’s) –
9-80 nucleotides that repeat next to each other; the number of times they repeat varies.
• Short Tandem Repeats (STR’s) – 2-8 nucleotides that repeat; also variable in the number of repeats.
• VNTR and STR patterns are inherited from each parent; one set from each parent. Can be used in paternity testing, crimes scene identification, conservation biology, etc.
![Page 14: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
What’s the point?• Use different restriction enzymes to
make a restriction map- relative positions of sites cut by the enzymes.
• Allows you to recombine DNAs of different organisms-recombinant DNA technology.
• Allows you to identify and match DNAs; DNA Fingerprinting.
![Page 15: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Restriction Enzymes Identify Genetic Disease
• Mutations in a gene change the length of the DNA fragments cut by restriction enzymes.
• These different lengths are called Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs).
• Fragments can be separated by electrophoresis.
![Page 16: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
An Application• Glow-in-the-Dark Pets?• http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/30463427/
![Page 18: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: DNA Technology and Genomics Chapter 20 A. P. Biology Mr. Knowles Liberty Senior High School](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022042822/56649e705503460f94b6db6b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)