dna shireen rudina. ingegneria biologica equipe de dibattito
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DNA
Shireen Rudina
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ingegneria biologica
Equipe de dibattito
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DNA is the basis of life
• In every living organism, every cell
• In eukaryotes, found in the nucleus as chromatin
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Why is DNA important?
• Forensics and paternity tests
• Personalized medicine
• Gene therapy
• Explains the differences between species and individuals
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What are some of the barriers we need to break to extract DNA?
1. Cell wall
2. Ribosome
3. Golgi complex
4. Nuclear membrane
5. Cell membrane
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4 DNA Nucleotides
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Erwin Chargaff
• Analyzed the four nucleotides• In DNA of ANY species:– amount of A always equals amount of T– same with G and C
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Rosalind Franklin
• X-ray crystallographer• Nobel Prize went to Watson and Crick• The X-ray diffraction image of DNA she made
was used (stolen!) by Watson to prove the 3D structure of DNA
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Double Helix- Watson & Crick
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Helix with Legos
• Red=A
• Blue=C
• Green=G
• Yellow=T
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Why can’t you see the double helix in the DNA we extracted?
1. The extraction was incorrect.
2. The double helix is microscopic (very small)
3. There are not double helices in the chromatin
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DNA StructureShape= Double Helix
Antiparallel
Sugar-Phosphate backbone- phosphodiester bonds (covalent)
Complementary base pairs (Chargaff’s Rule) - hydrogen bonds
A=T CΞ G
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If one strand of DNA is ACCTGG, what is the complementary strand?
1. TGGCTT
2. ACCTGG
3. TGGACC
4. CTTGCC
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The sequence of bases is important
• It is a code!• It codes for proteins, which perform all the
functions of the body
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What is the monomer of proteins?
1. Amino acids
2. Nucleotides
3. Sugars
4. Phospholipids
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20 amino acids
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START
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Why is it beneficial for DNA to be double stranded?
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Why is the sequence important?
• Everyone’s is different
• Restriction enzymes cut at different points
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Murder Case