dna rna viruses

8/9/2019 DNA RNA Viruses

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VIRUSESJoy N. Bautista, RN, MPH, DRDM, MAN


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VIRUS

Small obligate intracellular parasites,

wic by !e"inition contain eiter a

RNA or DNA genome surroun!e! by a

protecti#e, #irus$co!e! protein coat.

Depen! on speciali%e! ost cells

supplying te comple& metabolic an!

biosyntetic macinery o" eu'aryotic orpro'aryotic cells "or propagation


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VIRAL STRUCTURE

(irion $ a complete #irus particle

)unction $ !eli#er #iral DNA or RNA genome

into te ost cell so tat te genome can be

e&presse! *transcribe! an! translate!+ by te

ost cell. (iral genome $ pac'age! insi!e a symmetric

protein capsi!.

Nucleocapsi! nucleoprotein - genome

n#elope! #iruses $ nucleocapsi! issurroun!e! by a lipi! bilayer !eri#e! "rom te

mo!i"ie! ost cell membrane an! stu!!e! wit

an outer layer o" #irus en#elope glycoproteins.


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METHODS OF

CLASSIFICATION

/on"iguration o" te nucleic aci! *ss or

!s, linear or circular+.

0eter te genome consists o" one

molecule o" nucleic aci! or is

segmente!.

0eter te stran! o" ss RNA is sense

or antisense.

Site o" #iral capsi! assembly.

Site o" nucleocapsi! en#elopment in

en#elope! #iruses.


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DNA VIRUSES


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RNA VIRUSES


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VIRAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

ntry into ost cells to multiply

1ransmission

Hori%ontal $ between !i""erent

in!i#i!uals troug bo!y sur"aces,bloo! stream, an! artropo! bite

(ertical $ between moter an!

o""spring eiter be"ore, !uring, or

imme!iately a"ter birt


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DNA Viruses


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Adenoviridae

Infe!ions

A!ults acute "ollicular con2uncti#itis, epi!emic

'eratocon2uncti#itis, cystitis an! gastroenteritis

3n"ants acute "ebrile paryngitis an!

paryngeal$con2uncti#al "e#er Pa!"o#o$% !roplet transmission wit locali%e! #iral

multiplication in portals o" entry

Ono$enei!% r4t ability o" #irus to turn o""

e&pression o" genes in ma2or istocompatibility

comple& allowing tem to grow into soli! tumors*a!enoma+


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He&adnaviridae

Infe!ions$ Hepatitis B in"ection

Pro!romal pase 5 wee's6 "atigue, malaise, n#,

coug, 4a, low$gra!e "e#er, upper ab!ominal pain

3cteric pase 2aun!ice, 5$7 wee's post$e&posure

Reco#ery pase 7$8 wee's a"ter e&posure Pa!"o#o$% transmission by e&cange o" bo!y "lui!s

/ellular immune responses to in"ecte! epatocytes

lea! to continuous #iral replication wit cirrosis

an! epatocellular /A

Ono$enei!% nonspeci"ic stimulation o" acti#e

regeneration an! cirrosis wit genetic translocation

an! cromosomal rearrangement


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Her&esviridae

A#&"a Her&esviridae Infe!ions

Sort repro!ucti#e cycle6 #ery "ast !estruction o" ost cell

Pro!uce latent in"ections in sensory ner#e ganglia

HS(9 transmitte! by 'issing4contact wit sali#a

gingi#ostomatitisHS(5 se&ual transmission genital erpes, HS 'eratitis,

erpetic witlows, erpes gla!iotorum, neonatal HS(

in"ections

(:( !roplet transmission

/ic'en po&, erpes %oster, singles, Secon!ary bacterial in"ections, pneumonitis, epatitis,

cutaneous in"ections, #isceral complications


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Her&esviridae

'e!a Her&esviridae Infe!ions

;imite! number o" ost cells6 #ery long repro!ucti#e li"e cycle6

in"ection ta'es a #ery long time to !e#elop

)orm latent in"ections in secretory glan!s, reticuloen!otelial

cells, 'i!neys

/M( transmission #ia sali#a, urine, breast mil', cer#icalsecretions

/ongenital /M( syn!rome epatosplenomegaly,

retinitis, peteciae, purpura, earing loss

Mononucleosis syn!rome "e#er, malaise, atypical

lympocytosis, paryngitis, rarely cer#ical a!enopaty an!epatitis

Persistent in"ections sali#ary glan!s, breasts, 'i!neys,

en!ocer#i&, seminal #esicles, periperal 0B/


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Her&esviridae

Ga((a Her&esviridae Infe!ions

(ery limite! number o" ost cells6 replicate in

lympoblastoi! cells

B( classic mononucleosis by intimate contact an!

e&cange o" sali#a

HH($7 an! HH($< e&antem subitum *roseola+, 'i!ney

transplant re2ection, "ulminant epatitis, /NS in"ections

=S =aposi>s sarcoma, A3DS$relate! lympomas


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Pa&ovaviridae

Infe!ions papilloma #irus in"ections

Benign common warts, plantar warts, "lat warts,

cer#ical "lat warts, oral papillomas

;aryngeal papilloma

/on!ylomata acuminata anogenital warts in lower"emale genital tract

pi!ermo!ysplasia #erruci"ormis

Pa!"o#o$% contact transmission wit "ormation o"

benign papillomas lea!ing to epi!ermal tic'ening,

yperplasia o" s. spinosum, an! yper'eratosis Ono$enei!% cer#ical /A, penile an! #ul#ar /A, /A o"

te laryn&, oroparyn&, an! tongue


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Parvoviridae

Pa!"o#o$% transmission #ia respiratory route an! bloo!

(iral replication in erytroi! precursor cells wit cell lysis

an! loss o" RB/ "rom bone marrow

3mmune response to #irus pro!uce erytema an! artralgia

1ransplacental transmission !amages "etal erytroi!

precursor cells an! car!iac myocytes


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Po)viridae

Infe!ionsHuman mon'ey po& an! molluscum $ multiple "irm, pearly, "les$

colore! no!ules, relati#ely painless an! cause #ery little

constitutional !isturbance.

Human cowpo& an! parapo& $ lesion !e#elops at te site o"

inoculation *usually te an!+, an! in"ection may be sprea! to otersites suc as te "ace an!4or genitals by scratcing.

arly lesions

(esicular *cowpo&+ $ #ery pain"ul, particularly in young

cil!ren, usually causes pyre&ia an! mar'e!

lympa!enopaty6 tis reuires ospitali%ation.

No!ular *parapo&+ $ painless an! cause little

constitutional !isturbance.

;esions ten become emorragic crusting ulcers.


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Po)viridae

Pa!"o#o$%1ransmission by !irect contact troug bro'en s'in wit !ermal

yperplasia an! 0B/ in"iltration

/owpo& an! parapo& $ limite! lympatic sprea!6 causes

lympa!enopaty an! elicits an immune response.

Molluscum $ circumscribe! by a connecti#e tissue capsuleHuman mon'ey po& $ acuire! #ia te respiratory tract, an! !uring

a 95$!ay incubation perio! #iremia !istributes in"ection to internal

organs, wic are !amage! by #irus in"ection.

Sprea! to te s'in initiates te clinical pase, an! te

lesions progress troug te classic stages o" macule topapule to #esicle to pustule to crust.

;ympa!enopaty o" te cer#ical an! inguinal areas.


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RNA Viruses


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A#&"aviridae

Infe!ions se#ere !estructi#e /NS in"ections*encepalitis+ an! pain"ul artritis syn!romes

(ene%uelan euine encepalitis

astern euine encepalitis

0estern euine encepalitis

Semli'i )orest #iruses

/i'ungunya

>nyong>nyong, Mayaro, an! Ross ri#er #irus

Sin!bis #iruses


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A#&"aviridae

Pa!"o#o$% mosuito$borne transmission lea!ing to#iremia, "e#er, cills, malaise, artritis

Maculopapular ras in @$C !ays

Migratory artralgia in small 2oints

3n se#ere in"ections neurologic in#ol#ement

;etargy, somnolence, mil! con"usion, nucal rigi!ity

Sei%ures, ata&ia, paralysis, coma


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Arenaviridae

Infe!ions persistent silent in"ections in ro!ents an!se#ere, letal, !isseminate! in"ections in umans

Se#ere emorragic "e#er ;assa *0 A"rica+, Junin *Argentina+,

Macupo *Boli#ia+, uanarito *(ene%uela+

;ympocytic coriomeningitis

Pa!"o#o$%Pa!"o#o$% transmission by contact wit ro!ent urine transmission by contact wit ro!ent urine


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'un%aviridae

Infe!ionsHuman "e#er, emorragic "e#er, renal "ailure, encepalitis,

meningitis, blin!ness

;a /rosse encepalitis "e#er, con#ulsions,

!rowsiness, "ocal neurologic signs

/rimean$/ongo emorragic "e#er 4a, limb pain,

blee!ing in multiple ori"ices

Hanta#irus pulmonary syn!rome "e#er, ARDS

Ri"t (alley "e#er "e#er, encepalitis, emorragic

illness wit retinal #asculitis

Domestic animals congenital !e"ects

Pa!"o#o$% transmission by bite o" artropo!s


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Ca#iiviridae

Infe!ionsHuman epi!emics o" !iarrea an! #omiting

Ab!ominal cramps, myalgias, malaise, 4a, nausea,

low$gra!e "e#er

Animals mucocutaneous an! respiratory tract lesions

Pa!"o#o$%

3ngestion o" #iral particles "rom contaminate! water or "oo!

)ormation o" transient mucosal lesion in pro&imal small

intestines


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Coronaviridae

Infe!ions common col!, mil! ER13row only in !i""erentiate! respiratory epitelium

Pa!"o#o$% !roplet transmission

(acuolation o" in"ecte! cellsDamage to cilia wit "ormation o" syncytia

Stimulation o" in"lammationin"lammatory me!iators lea!s

to nasal secretion an! swelling


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Fi#oviridae

Infe!ions emorragic "e#er outbrea's "rom mon'eysBiological ;e#el F agent #ery letal

Hig mortality rates, person$to$person aerosol transmission,

no #accines nor treatment

A$en!s Marburg, bola

Su!!en onset "e#er, cills, 4a, myalgia, anore&ia

Ab!ominal pain, sore troat, n4#, coug, artralgia, !iarrea,

paryngeal an! con2uncti#al #aso!ilation

Dey!ration, apaty, !isorientation

Non$pruritic, maculopapular centripetal ras wit erytemaan! !esuamation

Hemorrage lea!ing to ypo#olemic soc' an! !eat


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Fi#oviridae

Pa!"o#o$% airborne transmissionNecrosis o" li#er, spleen an! lymp no!es

&tensi#e #iral replication in tissue macropages, interstitial

"ibroblasts, an! circulating monocytes4 macropages


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F#aviviridae

Infe!ions "rom benign "ebrile in"ections to se#ereemorragic in"ections

ncepalitis

Gellow "e#er

A$en!s

1ic'$borne tic'$borne encepalitis

Mosuito$borne

Dengue

ncepalitis St. ;ouis, Japanese, =un2in, Murray(alley, 0est Nile

Gellow "e#er #irus


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F#aviviridae

Ene&"a#i!is S%ndro(e

S;, J, =(, M(, 0N(

3noculation o" #irus in s'in #ia sali#a o" in"ecte! artropo!

(iral replication in regional lymp no!es(iremia lea!s to replication in neural an! glial tissues

Neuronal !egeneration an! lympocytic in"iltration


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F#aviviridae

Fever*Ar!"ra#$ia*Ras" S%ndro(e +Den$ue,

(iral replication in macropages at site o" mosuito *Ae!es

eagypti+ bite

Replication in regional lymp no!es an! reticuloen!otelial

system

Dengue "e#er sel"$limiting, rarely wit complications

)e#er, 4a, #omiting, se#ere myalgia *@$? !ays+

Maculopapular or morbili"orm ras on trun' ten to limbs an!

"ace *@$C! a"ter "e#er+ )e#er, lympa!enopaty, granulocytopenia, trombocytopenia

Peteciae, epista&is, menorragia, - tourniuet test


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F#aviviridae

Fever*Ar!"ra#$ia*Ras" S%ndro(e +Den$ue,

Dengue enorragic "e#er !4t !i""use capillary lea' wit

emoconcentration, trombocytopenia, an! D3/

3nitial "e#er, ras, anore&ia *@$C !ays+

Soc' pase epatomegaly, ypotension, emorragic

!iatesis, complement acti#ation, trombocytopenia

Dengue soc' syn!rome !ecrease! plasma #olume !4t

increase! #ascular permeability /auses clinical soc'

Metabolic aci!osis, yper'alemia, !eat


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F#aviviridae

Ye##o- He(orr"a$i Fever

(iral replication in reticuloen!otelial cells esp in li#er

parencyma, a!renal glan!s, eart, 'i!neys

;i#er !amage mi!%onal necrosis an! intracellular

eosinopilic !eposits */ouncilman bo!ies+

Pre$renal a%otemia, A1Noliguria an! AB imbalance

Myocar!ial "iber !egeneration an! myocar!itis

/oagulation !e"ects an! D3/yellowI "e#er

Deat !4t se#ere to&icity, e&tensi#e mucosal an! 3emorrage, a%otemia, soc'


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Or!"o(%)oviridae

Infe!ions in"luen%a6 ma2or complication "atal pneumonia

ene reassortment occurs i" ost cell gets in"ecte! wit 5

!i""erent strainsin"luen%a pan!emics #s. seasonal

in"luen%a

Seasonal in"luen%a !4t antigenic !ri"ting *repeate! minor

antigenic canges pro!uce strains tat retain a !egree o"

serologic relationsip wit original strain+

3n"luen%a pan!emic !4t antigenic si"ting *ma2or cange

in sur"ace antigens sowing no serologic relationsip to te

original strain+


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Or!"o(%)oviridae

Pa!"o#o$% !roplet transmission

(iral particles pro!uce mucus liue"action to ai! in sprea!

Mucosal cell in"ectioncell !estruction an!

!esuamation

!ema an! mononuclear cell in"iltration

S4S& "e#er, traceitis, mar'e! myalgia

4a, cills, "e#er, malaise, anore&ia, sore troat

Nonpro!ucti#e coug, snee%ing, rinorea, paryngitis,

nasal obstruction, oarseness, n4#4!, ab!ominal pain,potopobia


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Para(%)oviridae

Para(%)ovirus

@K$FKL o" all acute respiratory in"ections in young cil!ren

/auses parain"luen%a, croup, bronciolitis, pneumonia

Patology Direct person$to$person, !roplet, an! airborne

transmission

;ocali%e! in"ection in resp tract wit e&tension into

paranasal sinuses, mi!!le ear an! ;R1


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Para(%)oviridae

Pneu(oviruses

RS( respiratory syncytial #irus

3n"ections

3n"ants bronciolitis, pneumonia Goung cil!ren croup, traceobroncitis

ters con2uncti#itis, otitis me!ia, e&antems on

trun' an! "ace

Patology

Direct person$to$person, !roplet, an! airbornetransmission


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Para(%)oviridae

Mor.i#iviruses / Mu(&s and Meas#es

Mumps in"ectious parotitis6 nonpurulent in"lammation o"

sali#ary glan!s

(iral replication in epitelial cells wit relocation in

sali#ary glan!s, testes, o#aries, pancreas, brain

S4S& e!ematous, pain"ul, enlarge! paroti! glan!s

/omplications pancreatitis, meningitis, encepalitis,

earing loss, orcitis, ooporitis


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Para(%)oviridae

Mor.i#iviruses / Mu(&s and Meas#es

Measles cory%a, con2uncti#itis, "e#er, ras

(iral replication in resp. tract an! regional lymp no!es

wit sprea! troug RS

Pro!romal pase 3P ?$95 !ays6 ER13, malaise, "e#er,

cory%a, coug, con2uncti#itis

rupti#e pase =opli' spots, maculopapular ras on

ea! ten bo!y an! limbs *initially erytematous an!

maculopapular be"ore turning con"luent+ /omplications otitis me!ia, pneumonia, croup,

bronciolitis, giant cell pneumonia, postin"ectious

measles encepalitis


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Piornaviridae

En!eroviruses$ oronasal transmission

En!i""erentiate! "ebrile illness, E4;R13, 3 in"ections,

con2uncti#itis, s'in an! mucus membrane lesions

3n"ections o" te /NS, muscles, eart, li#er

($78 an! 7? respiratory in"ections in young cil!ren

($


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Piornaviridae

R"inoviruses transmission #ia nasal secretions

Pro!uce mil! common col!s wit rinorrea, nasal

obstruction, "e#er, sore troat, coug, oarseness

Patology in"lammatory canges wit yperemia, e!ema,

an! columnar epitelial in"lammation


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Piornaviridae

He&a!i!is A virus "ecal$oral transmission

(iral epatitis or in"ectious4epi!emic epatitis

Patology limite! to te li#er

/onspicuous "ocal acti#ation o" sinusoi!al lining cells/onspicuous "ocal acti#ation o" sinusoi!al lining cells..

Accumulations o" lympocytes an! more istiocytes inAccumulations o" lympocytes an! more istiocytes in

te parencyma, o"ten replacing epatocytes lost byte parencyma, o"ten replacing epatocytes lost by

cytolytic necrosis pre!ominantly in te periportal areascytolytic necrosis pre!ominantly in te periportal areas..

ccasional coagulati#e necrosis in te "orm o"ccasional coagulati#e necrosis in te "orm o"

aci!opilic bo!iesaci!opilic bo!ies.. )ocal !egeneration)ocal !egeneration..


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Piornaviridae

Po#iovirus airborne !roplet transmission6 present in troat

(iral tropism "or epitelial cells o" te 3 an! /NS

Pro!uces aseptic meningitisPro!uces aseptic meningitis

(iral replication(iral replication

Alimentary pase oroparyn&, intestinal mucosaAlimentary pase oroparyn&, intestinal mucosa

;ympatic pase tonsils, Peyer>s patces *ileum+,;ympatic pase tonsils, Peyer>s patces *ileum+,

!eep cer#ical an! mesenteric lymp no!es!eep cer#ical an! mesenteric lymp no!es

(iremic pase bloo!stream an! regional lymp(iremic pase bloo!stream an! regional lymp

no!esno!es Neurologic pase *rarely+ spinal cor!, brainstem

irre#ersible "lacci! muscle paralysis


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Piornaviridae

Co)sa0ievirus in#ol#es te motor neurons o" brainstem an!

spinal cor!

rp A outbrea's o" H)MD

Rases, #esicular lesions, erpanginaRases, #esicular lesions, erpangina

Acute lympono!ular paryngitis, e&antemarp B

Pleuro!ynia "e#er, 4a, stabbing pain in cest or upper

ab!omen

(iral pericar!itis an! myocar!itis "e#er, tacycar!ia,

!yspnea, precor!ial painNeonatal myocar!itis wit /NS an! li#er in#ol#ement

letargy, "ee!ing problems, "e#er, car!iopulmonary !istress


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Piornaviridae

E"oviruses

Respiratory illnesses

)ebrile illnesses wit or witout ras

Boston e&antema

Aseptic meningitis

Paralytic !iseases

ccasional con2uncti#itis


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Reoviridae

A$en!s Rota#irus, /olti#irus, rbi#irus

Infe!ions

Rota#irus $ #iral gastroenteritis

ter !iarreal !iseases in young cil!ren suc asnecroti%ing enterocolitis, emorragic gastroenteritis

Patology "ecal$oral transmission, ocassional water$

borne or airborne routes

/olti#irus an! rbi#irus /olora!o tic' "e#er

Dipasic "e#er, =emero encepalitis, rungo #iremia,/anguinola "e#er

Patology artropo! bite transmission wit

replication in regional lymp no!es


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R"a.doviridae

A$en!s Rabies #irus

;yssa#irus ;agos bat, Mo'ola, Du#enage #iruses

(esiculo#irus

Ra.ies3ncubation C !ays$5 years *a#erage 9$@ monts+

Pro!rome 5$9K !ays6 malaise, "e#er, "atigue

Sore troat, coug, !yspnea

Anore&ia, !yspagia, n4#4!, ab!ominal pain

4a, #ertigo, an&iety, appreension, irritability,ner#ousness, agitation, psyciatric !isturbances

Potopobia, priapism, increase! libi!o, insomnia,

nigtmares, !epression, encepalitis


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R"a.doviridae

Ra.ies

Acute neurologic perio! ob2ecti#e /NS !ys"unction

)urious rabies yperacti#ity *y!ropobia+

Dumb rabies paralysis

)e#er, parestesia, nucal rigi!ity, muscle"asciculations, "ocal an! generali%e! con#ulsions,

yper#entilation, ypersali#ation

/oma rapi! irregular breating, paralysis, respiratory

arrest

Deat


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R"a.doviridae

Ra.ies Pa!"o#o$%

1ransmission #ia bite o" in"ecte! mammal

(iral entry an! replication in PNS an! muscle tissues

(iral translocation to te /NS wit replicationPass centri"ugally to many tissues an! organs, suc as

te sali#ary glan!s

Mil! congestion o" te meninges


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To$aviridae

A$en!s Rubella #irus *erman measles+

Infe!ions

Rubella mil! !isease caracteri%e! by ras

Postnatal rubella mil!, sel"$limite! in"ection

Maculopapular ras on "ace an! nec' progressing

towar!s te legs an! "eet *@$C !ays+

;ow$gra!e "e#erlasting 5F ours

Postauricular, occipital, post. cer#ical

lympa!enopaty/ongenital rubella acuire! !uring pregnancy

Stillbirt, spontaneous abortion

/ongenital anomalies


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To$aviridae

Pa!"o#o$%

Postnatal

Human reser#oir wit postnatal person$to$person

transmission #ia !irect or !roplet contact

(iral replication in respiratory tract wit e&tensioninto lymp no!es be"ore sprea! to an! replication in

target organs

/ongenital

Rubella in"ection in 9sttrimester

1ransplacental in#asion wit "etal in"ection /romosomal abnormalities, slow cellular growt

rates, cell lysis an! !eat in some cell types


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UNCONVENTIONAL

VIRUSES+PRIONS,


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Prions

Smaller tan con#entional #iruses mainly compose!o" proteins *not DNA or RNA+

May pro!uce te "ollowing !iseases

Encon#entional encepalopaties

=uru /reut%"el!t$Ja'ob !isease

erstmann$Straussler$Scen'er syn!rome

)atal "amilial insomnia

Diseases in animals

Scrapie, transmissible min' encepalopaty

/ronic wasting !isease, spongi"orm

encepalopaty

Prion Infe!ions1 Au!e


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Prion Infe!ions1 Au!e

S&on$ifor( Ene&"a#o&a!"ies

C"ara!eri2ed as s#o- infe!ions

Prolonge! incubation perio! *se#eral monts to

se#eral years+

Progressi#e clinical course o" !isease alwayslea!ing to !eat

Patologic lesions limite! to a single organ

system

;imite! natural ost range


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Prion Infe!ions

3uru

Se!entary 'uru inability to wal' w4o complete support

More se#ere tremors an! ata&ia

Rigi! limbs, clonus, coarse atetoi! an! corei"orm

mo#ements, e&aggerate! startle response motional lability, mental slowing

1erminal 'uru inability to sit up w4o complete support

Se#ere ata&ia, tremors, !ysartria

PS mani"estations, urinary$"ecal incontinence

Deep !ecubitus ulcers, ypostatic pneumonia

Deat !4t inanition


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Prion Infe!ions

Sra&ie

Natural scrapie in seep an! goats is caracteri%e! by te

presence o" #acuolate! neurons an! e&tensi#e astrogliosis.

Appreension, restlessness, ypere&citability, an!

aggressi#eness, an! some animals e#en mani"est

apparent !ementia.

arly $ "ine tremors o" te ea! an! nec'.

Progressi#e $ tremors become more generali%e!, in#ol#ing

te wole bo!y an! pro!ucing si#ering e""ect as

!isturbances in locomotion.

A!#ance! stupor, #isual impairment, e&cessi#e

sali#ation, urinary an! "ecal incontinence, an! wasting

lassitu!e.


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Prion Infe!ions

Creu!2fe#d!*4a0o. disease

A""ects te cortical gray matter o" te brain *OFCyo+

Ner#ousness, bea#ioral canges, #isual problems

)atigue, weigt loss

An&iety, sleeplessness, malaise, ea!ace(ague psycic !isturbances.

)ran' !ementia, memory loss, intellectual "unction, an!

impaire! 2u!gment

3ntermittent myoclonus

/erebellar, e&trapyrami!al, or pyrami!al symptoms

"ollowe! by mutism, rigi!ity, an! !eat.


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84/88

Prion Infe!ions

Gers!(ann*S!rauss#er*S"en0er s%ndro(e

Similar to 'uru6 more amyloi!$containing plaues tan in

/reut%"el!t$Ja'ob !isease

Degeneration o" wite matter wit loss o" neurons, glial

cells, an! spongi"orm !egeneration

May be iatrogenically transmitte! #ia

Neurosurgery, corneal gra"t

lectrocorticograpy wit a probe electro!e

pre#iously use! an! sterili%e! wit alcool an!

"ormal!ey!e Human ormones prepare! "rom poole! pituitary

glan!s o" ca!a#ers wit minimum incubation

perio!s o" 9? years an! uman !ural gra"ts.


85/88


86/88

Prion Infe!ions

Fa!a# Fa(i#ia# Inso(nia

3nerite! syn!rome wit an autosomal !ominant pattern

o" occurrence caracteri%e! by progressi#e se#ere

insomnia an! !ysautonomia wit selecti#e atropy o" two

talamic nuclei.

Ata&ia, myoclonus, an! oter signs resembling tose o"

/JD4SS, an! a "ew a""ecte! patients a! spongi"orm

canges in te cerebral corte&.


87/88


88/88

Prion Infe!ions Pa!"o#o$%

A""ecte! cells !en!ritic an! a&onal processes, cellbo!ies o" neurons, astrocytes, oligo!en!rocytes

Mecanism progressi#e #acuolation

Astroglial ypertropy an! proli"eration

Spongi"orm cange o" gray matter

&tensi#e neuronal !ropout an! loss

Eltrastructural alterations in plasma membrane

lining te #acuoles

Pile! up neuro"ilaments in swollen ner#e cels

Strange arrays o" tubules in postsynapticprocesses

dna rna viruses

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