dna replication mr. mah living environment dna (de-oxy-ribo-nucleic acid) a nucleic acid that stores...
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DNA Replication
Mr. Mah
Living Environment
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DNA(de-oxy-ribo-nucleic acid)a nucleic acid that stores and transmits the genetic
information from one generation to the next
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Where in the cell is DNA found?
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People knew that DNA was made up of:
•Adenine (A)•Guanine (G)•Cytosine (C)•Thymine (T)
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Your Challenge: Figure out the shape of DNA
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Erwin Chargaff• Discovered that in any
sample of DNA, the amount of A equals the amount of T and the amount of C equals the amount of G.
• This suggested that A binds with T and that C binds with G.
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Rosalind Franklin’sX-Ray Crystallography
• Took x-ray photographs of crystallized DNA
• Discovered that the shape of DNA must be a helix, because of the x-ray pattern
• Died of cancer
(too many x-rays?)
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An example of X-Ray Crystallography
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Watson and Crick• Credited for
discovering the structure of DNA in 1953
• Used Chargaff and Franklin’s discoveries along with toy models to discover the structure
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A 3-D Model of DNA
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NUCLEOTIDESMade up of:• A phosphate group• 5 carbon sugar• Nitrogenous Base
(nitrogen containing)
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PURINES•Adenine (A)
•Guanine (G)
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PYRIMIDINES
•Cytosine (C)
•Thymine (T)
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Base Pairing in DNA
A-T
C-G
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Write the complementary DNA strand for each of these DNA
strands:DNA
• GAATTACA• CCAATTAG• ATAGACAG• CCAGTACA
DNA• CTTAATGT• GGTTAATC• TATCTGTC• GGTCATGT
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Each of the 96 columns represents one DNA sequence. A different colored dye attached to each
of the four nucleotides.
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ReplicationThe act of making an exact copy of
DNA
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Semi-Conservative Replication
Each strand of the original molecule acts as a template for the synthesis of a new
complementary DNA molecule
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With semi-conservative
replication, each new strand is ½ new and ½
old
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Examples of DNA Replication
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RNA(ribo-nucleic acid)
a nucleic acid that is a messenger between DNA
and the ribosomes
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Differences between DNA and RNA
1. Different sugars (DNA=deoxyribose)(RNA=ribose)
2. RNA is single stranded (1 side)DNA is double stranded (2sides)
3. RNA has “U” (uracil)DNA has “T” (thymine)
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Always remember…
RNAloves
U
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Write the RNA strand for each of these DNA strands:
½ Strand of DNA
• GAATTACA• CCAATTAG• ATAGACAG• CCAGTACA
RNA
• CUUAAUGU• GGUUAAUC• UAUCUGUC• GGUCAUGU
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TranscriptionThe process by which DNA is
copied into mRNA
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mRNAMessenger RNA, is the copy of the DNA that goes from the nucleus
to the ribosome
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FACTProteins are made up of amino acids
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tRNATransfer RNA,
matches up with mRNA and has an
amino acid on its top
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CODONEach combination of 3
nucleotides on a strand of mRNA
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ANTICODONEach combination of 3 nucleotides on
a tRNA
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TranslationThe decoding of a
mRNA message into proteins
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rRNARibosomal RNA, glues
together all of the amino acids into a polypeptide chain
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Table of Codons