dna fingerprinting 1.how do we do it ? 2. what do we use it for?

DNA Fingerprinting

1. How do we do it ?

2. What do we use it for?

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=EqZugDTOXI0VZM&tbnid=WITDeUs3FxbG3M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://kellymitchell.com/tag/thinking-hat/&ei=qF94UcUqqZTQBcmqgNgL&psig=AFQjCNEmC6yI8NE2B46COSKzNuxpHV30mQ&ust=1366929699510906

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=GWKHE5vlYnZm4M&tbnid=DgQHQlLU4ge4lM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://albert.sacredsf.org/user/kendall/biology/biol%20cycle%203/biol_cycle3_index.html&ei=zlKHUZuVCeWI0AXz7oDwBQ&psig=AFQjCNE9sUTUBd7t75gcoy5uprXOpzKeDQ&ust=1367909431251119

DNA Fingerprinting – How it’s done...

1. DNA has two complementary strands

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=1FrHZvFU770M1M&tbnid=McdbkVQp4xzcYM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2985345.stm&ei=qViHUZGuLums0QWD8oGQCw&psig=AFQjCNFox89zrKyjW1OlPkt3UCJ1EOnFEQ&ust=1367910942070373

2. Extract DNA from cells – e.g. A blood sample containing white blood

cells

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=gx8xCfulCxZDpM&tbnid=5jn78uf5D2X0VM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/contractors/trials/cepha/cepha3.html&ei=oFmHUc_IHoGY1AX6ioGQDA&psig=AFQjCNGnR-P691WSdon1QuTSIY3XS_72fQ&ust=1367911182695533

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=XTF8Nbuj19FMdM&tbnid=4BBjClK7Wz-LnM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.psmicrographs.co.uk/&ei=BFqHUdLCE4Km0QWarYHwDA&psig=AFQjCNF2dc9Oo4dbjjwKdpTSttDf_h4nvQ&ust=1367911298662034

3. Isolate DNA from cells & cut up DNA using enzymes

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=us-welDov7Xk6M&tbnid=rM0HwLq8CPQYRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.simzymes.com/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=11000_11500&ei=j26HUfzeHKqX1AXQoYCQCQ&psig=AFQjCNGHObX9TSeL5H_AC-zvYQHS2gFr9w&ust=1367916316244103

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=teUHPF-xG-_3hM&tbnid=Adlp9o8as-JV1M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.che.utah.edu/community_and_outreach/modules/module.php?p_id=28&ei=wG-HUY2wC8z50gWAhICgCA&psig=AFQjCNGXI2NyJRkSTw6O3PxmHyeoKK02Kw&ust=1367916837821186

4. Heat DNA = single strands

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=MR2nZhuTz75DVM&tbnid=ibnFfp-3UKyC3M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.acfs2000.com/pgd-23-chromosome-microarray-why-its-done.html&ei=i3SHUZPbJsjs0gWRtIGACA&psig=AFQjCNEu41iYCdE60X3k08erYteTeTn6uA&ust=1367918057253128

5. Gene probe made = single strand complementary to part of DNA

A fluorescent marker is added to it

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&docid=ozqMyeSONYP__M&tbnid=VfSdmXGSvwwH8M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/bio-exam-2-ch19-review/deck/2343276&ei=bnWHUaDBNMO70QXZp4H4AQ&psig=AFQjCNFQ9z49lP9Bd0iX6iOhrSTUuAfIrQ&ust=1367918294628840

6. Gene probe mixed with DNA sample

Probe binds to complementary base sequence that is being looked for

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&docid=ozqMyeSONYP__M&tbnid=VfSdmXGSvwwH8M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/bio-exam-2-ch19-review/deck/2343276&ei=bnWHUaDBNMO70QXZp4H4AQ&psig=AFQjCNFQ9z49lP9Bd0iX6iOhrSTUuAfIrQ&ust=1367918294628840

7. DNA & probe is separated using gel electrophoresis

Smaller fragments travel further through the gel

50 second animation – gel electrophoresishttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSwlCk_Z02c

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSwlCk_Z02c

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=rC7c3NieOnCTHM&tbnid=AOCRZQt8l5AMaM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.eng.utoledo.edu/civil/seo/Instrumentation.HTM&ei=xXmHUaO_C6a_0QWTlIDYBQ&psig=AFQjCNHFYCCmv8PUBWFfi7VmeYP0tFA2Ug&ust=1367919382603916

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=UkeSiI4QRnEJrM&tbnid=JN9eScgnx410PM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://click4biology.info/c4b/4/gene4.4.htm&ei=Q3uHUYSbKOmY0AWaqoCQCg&psig=AFQjCNHw3PRd6b929ahMTkQPLf_G94mAGg&ust=1367919785992663

8. UV Light shone on sample – locates fragments with fluorescent marker

Smaller fragments travel further through the gel

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=9vB4SU62wv0D8M&tbnid=peUKEL0SYNdzMM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.biologyreference.com/Dn-Ep/Electrophoresis.html&ei=DXqHUevQH6mJ0AXUloCwBw&psig=AFQjCNHljy7nhiKakNEA5EagsqACcIf35g&ust=1367919488144349

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Fkp-GVoFtEuHHM&tbnid=r4qQkvxkrVRvKM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch20/electrophoresis.html&ei=-3qHUY7kOeKp0QXo9oGoDA&psig=AFQjCNESSd1Nlbx3pfBR1Awv6yhfi0AVxw&ust=1367919680782227

Uses of DNA Fingerprinting

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=sBEetW_KdrC23M&tbnid=OPeSTOy4R7AAsM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://genetics.thetech.org/ask/ask20&ei=l3-HUdabPMq80QWG-oGQBA&psig=AFQjCNFI_YkHLiy5DGXWHfw_A0djRn9DUA&ust=1367920722134709

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=eqgWl1soVMRi0M&tbnid=RyVoX2GdXxIQ9M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.cybertory.org/exercises/daddy/&ei=9n-HUeX4EaON0wXu-4CoCw&psig=AFQjCNFI_YkHLiy5DGXWHfw_A0djRn9DUA&ust=1367920722134709

Uses of DNA Fingerprinting

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=EB3t-6AAz_6TGM&tbnid=YcI7pJR64s4t0M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2010/12/1228endangered-species-act/&ei=Q4CHUc6vB-2X0AWogYHIBg&psig=AFQjCNGI5k3x-14TzJYdzhes83U2lkYE9g&ust=1367921066285810

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=jPvgOU4pe9JYOM&tbnid=YudMjvu1DnHarM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://journeys4good.com/blog/aid-organizations/cystic-fibrosis-canada-volunteering-for-a-medical-cause/&ei=moCHUeauIe7s0gXZ_4CwBg&psig=AFQjCNFo6Z-iZ0tU29ST-CxCw4HxyzAk7w&ust=1367921122554493

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=LShSBMkhR3vwdM&tbnid=IQEwXD727-7BRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.pathology.org/cystic-fibrosis.html&ei=uYCHUYHyO4bw0gXV3IHYAQ&psig=AFQjCNFo6Z-iZ0tU29ST-CxCw4HxyzAk7w&ust=1367921122554493

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=DtpSQBTxJzRuXM&tbnid=jY8bKJN2aIlsWM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/8584014/New-DNA-profiling-technology-could-tell-police-who-suspects-are-in-under-an-hour.html&ei=E4GHUfjdBqqr0gW-s4CgCQ&psig=AFQjCNGpXMnetaUh_DJAY902gVvXScjdhA&ust=1367921267305634

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=fa-dAhwwKFXVyM&tbnid=3nrInFo973uioM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://dnaproject.co.za/blog/dna-profiling-catches-repeat-criminals&ei=MYGHUZrCMaiN0AXu-IH4BA&psig=AFQjCNGpXMnetaUh_DJAY902gVvXScjdhA&ust=1367921267305634

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Yra9iuopS4Z_kM&tbnid=K7hmvqxn2Is46M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.dosomething.org/tipsandtools/11-facts-about-endangered-species&ei=eoGHUdXqMcPS0QWTgIGwBw&psig=AFQjCNGfvbDnssBU2uATzL7LL109JIyUyw&ust=1367921368593382

DNA Fingerprinting

Naked Science video 5 minshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZxWXCT9wVoI

Slightly more involved video 6 minshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=fvwp&v=DbR9xMXuK7c

http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=fvwp&v=DbR9xMXuK7c

Nanotechnology

1. How small is a nanometre?

2. Size-wise....What could you compare it to?

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=EqZugDTOXI0VZM&tbnid=WITDeUs3FxbG3M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://kellymitchell.com/tag/thinking-hat/&ei=qF94UcUqqZTQBcmqgNgL&psig=AFQjCNEmC6yI8NE2B46COSKzNuxpHV30mQ&ust=1366929699510906

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=KXnbg91icIteEM&tbnid=XZJ3DkAoAwxouM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.atomrain.com/it/medical/nanotechnology-ways-medicine&ei=hJWHUaX-DKbM0QXm8IGACw&psig=AFQjCNHB2XC_xnazEu-d_Ps_7ls1_tsTng&ust=1367926420696660

1 millionth of a mm!

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=QR7LOk2k1XQT9M&tbnid=nXERGzERIz6fRM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://diybio4beginners.blogspot.com/2009/01/back-to-basics-reviewing-units-of.html&ei=5pWHUYrcHaSv0QXy1YGQAg&psig=AFQjCNHiMdqiLToyyjkk0lakB0KyAcBq5A&ust=1367926616628821

1. Use particles around 100 nanometres long/wide. About the same size as some molecules.

2. Human hair is 100 thousand nanometres in diameter!

Nanotechnology

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=woj1fDsu-ID1WM&tbnid=E0YpKis2_lTuDM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/chemhealth/cool.htm&ei=9JeHUZD3GO3u0gXok4HoBg&psig=AFQjCNG7THMwfatTK87A_BXqdHhkvYnMCw&ust=1367927144072994

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Dvr0Gy4_QSuU9M&tbnid=C7GZOxZRuEo9kM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.tumblr.com/tagged/baby%20hair?language=ja_JP&ei=fJmHUdXLGIvY0QWczYDYCQ&psig=AFQjCNHHMEG9LF0EBhttRGalEcDNBlYD-g&ust=1367927506496077

1. Silver particles embedded in plastic reduce microbial growth

2. Food wrapping films that change colour e.g. when;

Antibodies react with bacteria in food

Nanoparticles react with oxygen – sign of damage

Ripening fruit release gases

Nanotechnology

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=l2ojlgZx1KtnJM&tbnid=dXrrHZibKdQuKM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.eetasia.com/ART_8800670843_480500_NT_c444f176.HTM&ei=YqGHUZKMDYqz0QWP8YG4Ag&psig=AFQjCNHFrObGLvIoIJnEa1MpOSoI5vUXyg&ust=1367929524117095

1. Used to treat leukaemia – cancer of blood or bone marrow

2. Have potential to treat spinal cord injuries

3. In future, may be used to treat Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, Diabetes.

Stem Cells (B1 & B5)

1. Replace heart valves

Biomedical Engineering

BUPA animation – 3 minshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkW1smPoXKA

https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=W0TGTZi-e3B_xM&tbnid=s0Lx9vxIYBrf5M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/health/care/!ut/p/c4/FYtRCgIxDETPsgcowVVE_PMMi2j9kZgN22CaFo3K3t6WeT_zmIEbtBh-ZUGXYqhwhUjFnM2PiVE9BTZaSUvlWRAu_aCFUBkiW_i8u6gvXDJCtBIIKXF35Gttmyq9pJ_MEPHxHDf7ESa2-3mCmvNh29idhuEPJSbymg!!/&ei=Q6WHUaCuHIPw0gXs_4HwBw&psig=AFQjCNGF_7xuwEy-eXsO_P4n_fh8rKf7OA&ust=1367930405956633

1. Artificial pacemakers in heart

Biomedical Engineering

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjW5-pU0nBs

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=TDVHiEIYCQtBrM&tbnid=MyYXijPEbhZ4fM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/healthy/fake.html&ei=I6aHUYysDcrI0QX_o4HABw&psig=AFQjCNF06hi5EUlibVmJRUCJHgPteUu6TA&ust=1367930661600976

dna fingerprinting 1.how do we do it ? 2. what do we use it for?

Documents

dna probe

dna sampleprobe

heat dna

extract dna

isolate dna

dna fingerprintinghow

blood sample

gene probe