dna dna→rna→protein. nucleotides nucleotides are the pieces of dna (monomer) each nucleotide...
TRANSCRIPT
DNA
DNA→RNA→Protein
Nucleotides
• Nucleotides are the pieces of DNA (monomer)
• Each nucleotide has:– A backbone of a 5 Carbon Sugar
(Deoxyribose) and a phosphate – Nitrogen bases: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine,
Thymine
Double Helix
• These nucleotides come together by base pairing with the nitrogen bases
• Adenine to Thymine with a hydrogen bond
• Guanine to Cytosine with a hydrogen bond
DNA’s Function
• Holds the genetic information of the organism, that allows the Ribosomes to make protein specifically for that organism.
• ½ from mom, ½ from dad.
What about mRNA?
• RNA is a disposable copy of DNA used to make proteins
• Why is it called RNA and not DNA? It has a different sugar called Ribose instead of Deoxyribose
Differences in DNA & mRNA
• 1- sugar is ribose not deoxyribose
• 2- RNA is single-stranded
• 3- RNA has a nitrogen base of Uracil not Thymine.
• What would Uracil bond to then?
So What?
• Why do we care about base pairs?
• Well, for every 3 bases it codes for a certain protein to be made.
Mutations
• http://io9.com/10-unusual-genetic-mutations-in-humans-470843733