division of inheritance according to quran

NO ERROR! IN QUR’AN

ACCORDİNG TO QUR’AN

Division�of�Inheritance �

assoc. prof. dr. eng. halis aydemir

NO ERROR! IN QUR’AN

ACCORDİNG TO QUR’AN

Division�of�Inheritance�assoc. prof. dr. eng. halis aydemir

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“It may be that my Lord guides me to the right way” (Al-Qasas/22)

Halis AYDEMİR: He was born in Erzurum in 1974. Soon after

he moved to Germany and then to Saudi Arabia with his

parents. He started his education at Madrasatu’n-Nu‘maan

Ibn Basheer in Jaddah. After the first four grades, he

completed his primary education at the Madrasatu’l-İmaam

al-Shafi‘î primary school in Madina. Then in 1985 he

attended secondary education at Erzurum vocational

religious high school. In 1988 he was graduated from this

school and in the same year he attended the Erzurum High

School. In 1991 he attended the İstanbul Technical

University (İ.T.Ü.), Department of Electrical and Electronics

Engineering. He was graduated from the Department of

Electrical Engineering in 1995. In the same year he attended

the post graduate program in the Uludag University,

Institute of Social Sciences on Hadith. In 1998 he received

his Master of Science degree with his thesis on “Improving

technology and the Hints of the Prophet (p.b.u.h.)”; and in

2004 his PhD degree with his thesis on “el-Kavlu'l-Badee'

fi's-Salaati Ale'l-Habeeb al-Shafî of es-Sahâvî (902/1496)'.

From the same University. In 2008 he became an associate

professor with his studies on “Nâfi‘ Mevla İbn Umar in the

light of the Probability of Narrations Theory”. Aydemir is

fluent in English and Arabic. At the present time, he

continues his studies by focusing on the fields of probability

based on analysis of narration systems, orientalism and

investigation.

CONTENTS

CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................... 7

FOREWORD .................................................................................. 13

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 19

TYPES OF SHARES, GROUPS OF HEIRS AND STAGES OF DIVISION ... 21

I. TYPES OF SHARES ................................................................................................. 21

II. GROUPS OF HEIRS ............................................................................................. 23

III. STAGES OF DIVISION ....................................................................................... 27

VERSES OF İNHERİTANCE (AL-NİSA 11/12/176) ..................................... 31

HADITHS REGARDING THE INHERITANCE ................................................. 37

PART I

SURAT AL-NİSA, VERSE 11 ........................................................... 39

STATUS I .......................................................................................................................... 41

THE CASE OF THE DECEASED HAVİNG LEFT A SON BEHİND ...................... 41 THE RESULT OF STATUS I: ................................................................................... 46

STATUS II......................................................................................................................... 47

THE CASE OF THE DECEASED HAVİNG ONLY DAUGHTER, NO SON ............ 47 THE RESULT OF STATUS II: .................................................................................. 57

STATUS III ....................................................................................................................... 59

THE CASE OF THE DECEASED WİTHOUT CHİLDREN INHERİTED BY THE PARENTS

...................................................................................................... 59 THE RESULT OF STATUS III: ................................................................................ 64

NO ERROR IN QUR’AN! Division of Inheritance According To Qur’an

8

STATUS IV ....................................................................................................................... 65

THE CASE OF THE DECEASED WİTHOUT CHİLDREN INHERİTED BY THE MOTHER

AND THE SİBLİNGS ............................................................................. 65 THE RESULT OF STATUS IV: ................................................................................ 73

PART II

SURAT AL-NİSA, VERSE 12 ........................................................... 75

STATUS I .......................................................................................................................... 77

THE CASE OF A DECEASED WOMAN WİTHOUT CHİLDREN HAVİNG LEFT A

HUSBAND BEHİND ............................................................................. 77 THE RESULT OF STATUS I: ................................................................................... 83

STATUS II......................................................................................................................... 85

THE CASE OF A DECEASED WOMAN WİTH A DAUGHTER HAVİNG LEFT A

HUSBAND BEHİND ............................................................................. 85 THE RESULT OF STATUS II: .................................................................................. 90

STATUS III ....................................................................................................................... 91

THE CASE OF A DECEASED MAN WİTHOUT CHİLDREN HAVİNG LEFT SPOUSES

BEHİND ........................................................................................... 91 THE RESULT OF STATUS III: ................................................................................ 99

STATUS IV .................................................................................................................101

THE CASE OF A DECEASED MAN WĐTH A DAUGHTER HAVĐNG

LEFT SPOUSES BEHĐND ............................................................... 101 THE RESULT OF STATUS IV: ...............................................................................108

PART III

SURAT AL-NİSA, VERSE 176 ....................................................... 109

STATUS I .........................................................................................................................111

Contents

9

THE CASE OF A DECEASED WİTHOUT CHİLDREN HAVİNG LEFT A SİSTER ... 111 THE RESULT OF STATUS I: ..................................................................................116

STATUS II........................................................................................................................117

THE CASE OF A DECEASED HAVİNG LEFT A BROTHER BEHİND ................. 117 THE RESULT OF STATUS II: .................................................................................122

STATUS III ......................................................................................................................123

THE CASE OF A DECEASED WİTHOUT CHİLDREN HAVİNG LEFT TWO SİSTERS

BEHİND ......................................................................................... 123 THE RESULT OF STATUS III: ...............................................................................129

STATUS IV ......................................................................................................................131

THE CASE OF A DECEASED WİTHOUT CHİLDREN HAVİNG LEFT BROTHERS AND

SİSTERS ......................................................................................... 131 THE RESULT OF STATUS IV: ...............................................................................137

INHERITANCE TEMPLATES ......................................................... 139

PART I .............................................................................................................................141

INHERITANCE TEMPLATES FOR A DECEASED MAN ..................... 141 BASİC HEİRS MENTİONED İN THE INHERİTANCE VERSES ...................................143

If The Deceased Man Has Got A Son, ......................................... 145 TEMPLATE 1 ..................................................................................................................145

If The Deceased Man Has Got A Daughter, ................................ 149 TEMPLATE 2 ..................................................................................................................149

If The Deceased Man Has Got A Father, .............. Hata! Yer işareti

tanımlanmamış. TEMPLATE 3 .......................................................... HATA! YER ĐŞARETĐ TANIMLANMAMIŞ.

If The Deceased Man Has Got A Mother, ................................... 153 TEMPLATE 3 .......................................................... HATA! YER ĐŞARETĐ TANIMLANMAMIŞ.


10

If The Deceased Man Has Got Brothers, .................................... 157 TEMPLATE 4 .......................................................... HATA! YER ĐŞARETĐ TANIMLANMAMIŞ.

If The Deceased Man Has Got Sisters, ........................................ 161 TEMPLATE 5 .......................................................... HATA! YER ĐŞARETĐ TANIMLANMAMIŞ.

If The Deceased Man Has Got Wifes, ......................................... 165 TEMPLATE 6 .......................................................... HATA! YER ĐŞARETĐ TANIMLANMAMIŞ.

PART II ............................................................................................................................169

INHERITANCE TEMPLATES FOR A DECEASED WOMAN ............... 169 BASİC HEİRS MENTİONED İN THE INHERİTANCE VERSES ...................................171

If The Deceased Woman Has Got A Son, .................................... 173 TEMPLATE 1 ..................................................................................................................173

If The Deceased Woman Has Got A Daughter,........................... 177 TEMPLATE 2 ..................................................................................................................177

If The Deceased Woman Has Got A Father, ........ Hata! Yer işareti

tanımlanmamış. TEMPLATE 3 .......................................................... HATA! YER ĐŞARETĐ TANIMLANMAMIŞ.

If The Deceased Woman Has Got A Mother, ............................. 181 TEMPLATE 3 .......................................................... HATA! YER ĐŞARETĐ TANIMLANMAMIŞ.

If The Deceased Woman Has Got Brothers, ............................... 185 TEMPLATE 4 .......................................................... HATA! YER ĐŞARETĐ TANIMLANMAMIŞ.

If The Deceased Woman Has Got Sisters, .................................. 189 TEMPLATE 5 .......................................................... HATA! YER ĐŞARETĐ TANIMLANMAMIŞ.

If The Deceased Woman Has Got Husband,............................... 193 TEMPLATE 6 .......................................................... HATA! YER ĐŞARETĐ TANIMLANMAMIŞ.

Contents

11

TEMPLATES DERİVATİONS .........................................................................................197

PART I .............................................................................................................................199

TEMPLATES DERİVATİONS FOR A DECEASED MAN ..................... 199 DERİVATİONS OF TEMPLATE 1 .................................................................................201

DERİVATİONS OF TEMPLATE 2 .................................................................................215

DERİVATİONS OF TEMPLATE 3 ......................... HATA! YER ĐŞARETĐ TANIMLANMAMIŞ.





PART II ............................................................................................................................383

TEMPLATES DERİVATİONS FOR A DECEASED WOMAN ............... 383 DERİVATİONS OF TEMPLATE 1 .................................................................................385


DERİVATİONS OF TEMPLATE 3 ......................... HATA! YER ĐŞARETĐ TANIMLANMAMIŞ.





ALGEBRAIC ALGORITHM ....................................................................................477

SURAT AL-NİSA, VERSE 11 ........................................................................................479

SURAT AL-NİSA, VERSE 12 ........................................................................................485

SURAT AL-NİSA, VERSE 176 .....................................................................................489

SUMMARY TABLE (DECEASED: WOMAN) ................................................493

SUMMARY TABLE (DECEASED: MAN) .........................................................497

CONCLUSION .....................................................................................................505

TWO ONGOİNG VERSES

OF INHERİTANCE VERSES ............................................................................................509


12

BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................511

SHARES INDEX (DECEASED: WOMAN) .......................................................513

SHARES INDEX (DECEASED: MAN) ................................................................521

SYMBOLS ....................................................................................................................543

FOREWORD

� �

� �

No matter in which language you write the words of

'Qu'ran' and 'error'; when you search in the internet, first

examples you see in the sites will be about the ones

concerning the claim of error related with the inheritance

verses in Qur'an. You will see the explanations with these

verses in detail and the criticism of how these verses cannot

be applied mathematically with some practical examples as

well!

Whether such approach directed to Qu'ran is evil-

minded or querier is not related with the essence of the

issue; in conclusion there is a challenge pointed out

mathematically in such critiques and this condition cannot

be ignored.

It is out of question that the inheritance division by

God is not appropriate mathematically. God is the creator of

humankind and the science of mathematics. Now then, it is

impossible that God proposes an imperfect division

mathematically. It is possible to find similar expressions in

corresponding sites.

Therefore, each so-called error to be found in Qu'ran

has been transformed into an argument directing to weaken

or confute the truth of its being apocalyptic. The claim

concerning the inheritance divisions is one of the the most

discussed examples and comes to minds first.


16

While we're discussing about inheritance divisions

during Qu'ran Courses that we carried out in the public

meetings in Qu'ran Research Foundation (KURAV)

auditoriums, we also evaluated this subject mathematically

with contributions of my dear friends. Visual and audial

records of this activity is available on the website:

kurandersleri.net. Thanks to inspirations from some of our

friends saying that the results we acquired are a little bit

different, remarkable and original, we find it acceptable to

broadcast by publishing a book.

This study has been prepared as a result of such

collective approach. Contrary to popular belief, it is not

established on the base of interpretation. It has been

carried out on the platform where source text has been

considered literally and the differences encountered in

formal plan have not been ignored.

I believe that the ones considering the inheritance

divisions verses subjected to several speculations until now,

one more time from the perspective of this book will realize

in a little while that they face with a real mathematical

miracle rather than a problematic challenge in number.

I take it as my duty to present my thanks to my dear

friends attending to our Qu'ran Courses forming the base of

this book and sharing their different ideas with us in the

courses. Because of his effort in the publication of the book,

I wish the very best for my brother Mehmet Sellüm

Foreword

17

(agriculture engineer) from the Supreme Being. On the

other hand, I am expressly grateful to my self-sacrificing

partner Haydar Soysal (electric engineer) not denying his

moral and material supports to me in my studies.

May Allah be pleased with them all.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Halis AYDEMİR Elect. Eng. Bursa–2010

INTRODUCTION

� �

� �

Introduction

21

TYPES of SHARES, GROUPS OF HEIRS and STAGES of DIVISION

I. TYPES of SHARES

When looked at the verses of inheritance, it will be

seen that they are mainly expressed in two different

meanings.

The first of them is the direct share.

The Direct Share

The reason why this share is named as direct, is that

its direct application on the whole property1 ready to share.

This type of share is expressed in two ways in the

verses of inheritance:

i) In Genitive Form.

Example

l��vu��t��s��r��q��p��o��n��m��m�But if they were women above two, then for them

two thirds of what he left.

ii) In Absolute Form

Example

1 If any, the inheritance adjusted from the debt and the testament.


22

m��z��y��x��w{|�l�And if she was one, then for her the half.

The Indirect Share

This is the type of share that cannot be directly

applied on the whole property ready to share; yet can only

be applied on a portion of the property.

While expressing this type of share, the letter “من” ,

which means “from”, is used. This letter indicates that

aforementioned fraction concerns only a part of the

property left by the deceased, not the whole property.

Example

m��¡��~��}��¢£��¤��©¨��§��¦��¥�l

And to his parents, to each one from them the sixth from

what he left, if for him was a child!

The pointed fraction in this verse, concerns not the

whole property left by the deceased but a part of the

property.1

As the direct share concerns the whole property, the

property applied with a related fraction is definite.

However, as the indirect share concerns a portion of the

property, the application of a given fraction to which part of

the property is important in this type. Because even if the

main property is devided for several parts, each part is still a

1 For more examples see the inheritance verses. These two types of share are used

carefully and repeatedly in the verses of inheritance.

Introduction

23

fragment of the main property. In this sense, there is an

absolute must in determining the portions of the property

which will be applied by a type of indirect share. The way of

detection is only possible by determining the groups of

heirs.

II. GROUPS OF HEIRS

The main factor in determining the groups of heirs is

the case, whether the deceased has got children or not.

By regarding the types of shares in the verses of

inheritance, it is possible to classify the heirs roughly:

i) The heirs of the direct share owners

ii) The heirs of the indirect share owners

However, when the verses are examined carefully, if

the deceased hasn’t got any children, it is seen that some of

the heirs of the indirect share owners, are risen up to the

direct share ownership position.

Example

m��¡��~��}��¢£��¤��©¨��§��¦��¥�l�from And to his parents, to each one from them the sixth

.he left, if for him was a child what

�

m��²��±��°��¯��®��¬��«��ª´³��l�But if there was not for him a child, and his parents

inherited him, then to his mother the third.


24

As seen in the verse, the parents, who are indirect

share owners in the case of deceased with children, have

become direct share owners in the case of deceased

without children.

This situation shows that the heirs of indirect share

owners are not homogeneous amongst themselves. If they

all had been at the same level, in the case of a deceased

without children, they would have risen and had a direct

share altogether.

For this reason, it is required to grade the indirect

share owners among themselves. The first of them are

those having a direct share by rising a level directly in the

case of a deceased without children. The other of them are

those staying one step behind the rest of them.

In this way, groups of heirs will be discussed as three

clusters.1

1st Group Heirs:

They are the heirs having the direct share in any

case. They are the ones who are never mentioned with an

indirect share. This group comprises of children of the

deceased.

1 In the Holy Quran, except the definitions on the basis of "the children of the

deceased", there is one more group called "siblings." We may accept them as the

fourth group heirs. Those are always passive in the presence of the children of the

deceased. They are the direct share owners in the case of al-kalala; but in the absence

of the parents of the deceased, the shares and the types of shares are described in a

verse separately. See Part III, Surat al-Nisa, Verse 176.

Introduction

25

�m�gf��e��d��cl�Allah is recommending you concerning your children:�

�

m�lk��j��i��h�l�To the male like the share of two females.1

�m��r��q��p��o��n��m��st��u��vl�

But if they were women above two, then for them two

thirds of what he left.

�

m��z��y��x��w{|�l�And if she was one, then for her the half.

2nd Group Heirs:

Should the deceased have got children (female),

they are the heirs who own an indirect share and in the

opposite case, the deceased without children, they are the

heirs who own a direct share. In other words, in the absence

of the first group heirs, they are the ones who rise up to the

1 It is understood from the verse that the son owns a full share and the daughter owns

a half share of the property. Because, no other heir takes precedence over the

children of the deceased in division of inheritance. In verses of inheritance, the

children are already referred to be in the front rank. In fact, the positions of other

heirs take shape according to the existence of children.


26

position of the first group heirs. The parents and the

husband1 of the deceased constitute this group.

i) Parents

m��¡��~��}��¢£��¤��©¨��§��¦��¥�l�from And to his parents, to each one from them the sixth

.he left, if for him was a child what

m��²��±��°��¯��®��¬��«��ª´³��l�But if there was not for him a child, and his parents


ii) Husband

m��B��CD��E��LK��J��I��H��G��Fl�And to you half of what your wives left, if there was not for

them a child!

�m��Q��P��O��N��MT��S��R��Ul�

But if there was for them a child, then to you the quarter

from what they left!

3rd Group Heirs

1 If the deceased is a woman.

Introduction

27

They are the heirs having an indirect share all the

time. The heirs in this group cannot be rise up to the

position of the first group heirs, even if the deceased hasn't

got any children. The wives of the deceased man constitute

this inheritor group.

m��^��_`��a��gf��e��d��c��b�l�And to them the quarter from what you left, if there was

not for you a child!

�m��l��k��j��i��h��mn��o��p�l�

But if there was for you a child, then for them the eighth

from what you left.

III. STAGES of DIVISION

The stages of division take shape naturally according

to the types of shares explained above.

Thus, the case, the indirect share owners will receive

a share over the which part of the property, has been

clarified.

Stage I (Direct Share Level)

As the first group heirs take direct shares of the

whole property, they perform sharing in the first stage.

Should the deceased have a son, the whole property is

divided in this stage.


28

The sole condition for the property to be transferred

to the next stage, in other words for the indirect share

owners to take a share, the deceased should not have a son,

as mentioned in the verse:

m��r��q��p��o��n��m��st��u��vl�But if they were women above two, then for them two


�

m��z��y��x��w|{�l�And if she was one, then for her the half.

If there is no children for the deceased in that's case

the second and some of fourth group heirs will be able to

take their shares in the first stage.

Stage II (Indirect Share Level)

The second group heirs perform a division of the

property amongst themselves in the second stage.1 Every

heir takes his/her share mentioned in the verse, over the

transferred property to the second stage.

The remaining property from the second stage forms

“the rest” of the inheritance which is out of sharing.2

1 In the state of kalalah if there is no parents and brothers for the deceased in that's

case some of fourth group heirs (sisters of the deceased) will take their shares in the

second stage. 2 In Surat al-Nisa, Verse 8, giving something to the relatives, available in sharing, the

orphans, and the poor is ruled. The remaining proportion of the property can be

evaluated in this direction.

Introduction

29

Introduction

31

VERSES OF İNHERİTANCE (al-Nisa 11/12/176)

�k�j�i�h�gX�W�

�mf��e��d��cg�l�Allah is recommending you concerning your children:

�

m�k��j��i��hl�l� To the male like the share of two females.

�m��r��q��p��o��n��ms��t��vu��l�



��

m��z��y��x��w{|�l�

And if she was one, then for her the half.

�

2/3 * Heritage

(direct share) ( �א )

1/2 * Heritage (absolute share)


32

�

�m��¡��~��}��¢£��¤��¨��§��¦��¥©�l�

from And to his parents, to each one from them the sixth

he left, if for him was a child what.

�m��²��±��°��¯��®��¬��«��ª³´��l�

But if there was not for him a child, and his parents


�m��º��¹��¸��¶��µ»¼��l�

But if siblings were for him,

then to his mother the sixth.

�m�Ã��Â��Á��À��¿��¾��½Ä�l�

From after a bequest he bequeaths with it or a debt!

��

1/6 * From Heritage

(indirect share) (א��)



Introduction

33

m�Ì��Ë��Ê��É��È��Ç��Æ��ÅÍ�l�Your fathers and your sons, you do not know, which of them

is closer to you in benefit!

�m�Ð��Ï��ÎÑ��×��Ö��Õ��Ô��Ó��Ò�l�

An injunction from Allah, Verily Allah was ever

knowledgeable, wise!

�m��B��CD��E��K��J��I��H��G��FLl�

And to you half of what your wives left, if there was not for

them a child!

�

��

m��Q��P��O��N��M��RS��UT��W��V\��[��Z��Y��X]��l�


from what they left from after a bequest they bequeath

with it or a debt!

�

1/2 * Heritage


1/4 * From Heritage



34

��

m��^��_`��a��f��e��d��c��bg�l�And to them the quarter from what you left, if there was

not for you a child!

�

�m��l��k��j��i��h��mn��po��r��q

w��v��u��t��sx�l�But if there was for you a child, then for them the eighth

from what you left from after a bequest you bequeath with

it or a debt!

�m��c��b��a��`��_��~��}��|��{��z��y

��f��e��dgh��l� And if he was a man to be inherited as a Kalale or a woman,

and for him is a brother, or a sister, then to each one from

them the sixth.

1/4 * From Heritage


1/8 * From Heritage



Introduction

35

�m��p��o��n��m��l��k��j��iqr��t��s

{��z��y��x��w��v��u|��~��}¡��£��¢��¥��¤l�

But if they were more than that, then they are partners in

the third, from after a bequest is bequeathed with it or a

debt not prejudicial, a bequest from Allah, and Allah is

knowledgeable clement!

�

�mF��E��D��C��B��AG�l� They are asking you for a pronouncement, say: "Allah

pronounces to you concerning the kalala.

�m��P��O��N��M��L��K��J��I��H��QR��TS�l�

If a human perished, having no child, and for him is a sister,

then to her half of what he left.

�m�[��Z��Y��X��W��V��U\��l�

And he inherits her if there was not for her a child.


1/2 * Heritage



36

�m��`��_��^��]��ab��dc��l�

But if they were two females, then to them the two thirds

from what he left.

�

m�m��l��k��j��i��h��g��f��en�l�And if they were siblings men and women, then to the male

alike the share of the two females.

�

m��s��r��q��p��ot��y��x��w��v��ul Allah clarifies for you that you not err, and Allah is with

every thing knowledgeable.

2/3 * From Heritage


Introduction

37

HADITHS REGARDING THE INHERITANCE

* Give assumed shares to the heirs. Give the rest to

the nearest man.1

* From victim’s heritage, there is nothing for the

murderer!2

* A Muslim cannot inherit an Infidel, and an Infidel

cannot inherit a Muslim!3

* The Prophet (peace be upon him) gave half of the

property to the daughter. He gave one sixth (as

complementary to two-thirds) to son of the son. He gave

the rest to the sister.4

* A man came to the Prophet and asked him: “ The

son of my son died. What do I have from his inheritance?”

The Prophet answered: “ One sixth.” When the man had

gone, the Prophet summoned him and gave him one more

sixth. Then, the Prophet summoned him again and said that

the second sixth was for eating.5

* Should the deceased not have got a mother, The

Prophet (peace be upon him) gave one sixth to the nana.6

1 See. al-Buhari, al-Câmi‘u’s-Sahîh, VI, 2476 (6351); 2476 (6354); 2478 (6356); 2480

(6365); Muslim, el-Sahîh, III, 1233 (1615). 2 See. Abû Dâvûd, al-Sunan, IV, 189 (4564).

3 Ibn Huzayma, al-Sahîh, IV, 322 (2985).

4 See. al-Buhârî, al-Câmi‘u’s-Sahîh, VI, 2477 (6355).

5 See. Abû Dâvûd, al-Sunan, III, 122 (2896).

6 See. Abû Dâvûd, al-Sunan, III, 122 (2895, 2896); al-Dârakutnî, al-Sunan, IV, 91 (74).


38

* The Prophet (peace be upon him) gave one sixth to

two nanas for sharing.1

* The inheritance belongs to the relatives, on the

contrary belongs to the freed.2

* The right of liberation belongs to the liberator!3

* Allah (the Lord) gave shares to every right holder.

Thereby, there is no testament for an heir!4

* Until the other heirs allow, it not permissible for

someone to request to a specific heir.5

1 al-Hâkim, al-Müstadrak, IV, 378 (7984).

2 See. Sa‘îd Ibn Mansûr, al-Sunan, I, 117 (281).

3 See. al-Buhârî, al-Câmi‘u’s-Sahîh, I, 174 (444).

4 See. Abû Dâvûd, al-Sunan, III, 114 (2870).

5 al-Bayhakî, al-Sunanü’l-Kübrâ, VI, 263 (12315).

PART I

Surat al-Nisa, Verse 11

� �

� �

A

Status I The Case of the Deceased

Having Left Son Behind

Part I, Status I: The Case of the Deceased Having Left a Son Behind

43

�

�X�W�k�j�i�h�g�

�mf��e��d��cg��k��j��i��hl

Allah is recommending you concerning your children: to the male like the share of two females!

Verse 11 of Surat al-Nisa begins with the most basic

statement above about the division of inheritance.

According to this, the property left by the deceased is

divided amongst the children in hereinabove proportion.

That is to say, the sons take twice as much as the daughters.

In other words, the sons own a full share and the daughters

own a half share of the property.

Example I Should the deceased have a daughter, a son,

parents, a spouse, and three siblings, after adjusting from

the testament and the debt1, the inheritance is divided

between children as follows:

As the daughter takes one share and the son takes

two shares, the property is divided into three parts. The son

receives two parts and the daughter receives a part. Thus,

1 At the end of the verse 11 of Surat al-Nisa, the property is to be divided after

adjusting from the testament and the debt. This is a general rule for each division, so

it will not be reminded over and over again.


44

the whole property is divided between children in the first

stage.1

Example II Supposing that, the deceased left three daughters,

two sons, parents, a spouse and three siblings behind. In

this case, after adjusting from the testament and the debt,

the inheritance is divided amongst children as follows:

As the daughter takes one share and the son takes

two shares, the property is divided into seven parts: each

daughter receives a part, and each son receives two parts.

Thus, the whole property has been divided amongst

children in the first stage. 2

In every case, when the deceased left combination

of daughters and sons, the result won’t change regardless of

the number of the children. The whole property is always

divided as a complete share for each son, and a half share

for each daughter in the first stage. The other heirs receive

nothing from the division. This case is a clear predication of

the introduction part of Surat al-Nisa, Verse 11.

Suppose the deceased has only got sons and no

daughters. In this case, as each son has a full share, they

divide the property equally amongst themselves in the first

stage.

1 In this example, the parents, the spouse and the siblings do not have a share, because

the deceased has a son. 2 In this example, the parents, the spouse and the siblings of the deceased do not own

a share.

Part I, Status I: The Case of the Deceased Having Left a Son Behind

45

Example III Supposing that, the deceased has got four sons and

no daughters. In this case, after adjusting from the

testament and the debt, the property is divided equally

amongst four sons in the first stage.

Example IV

Should the deceased have got only one son, he may

receive the whole inheritance as the son has a full share.1

Supposing that, the deceased has only got a

daughter. The daughter has a half share. In this case, may

she receive the whole inheritance as in the case of a son?

Or suppose the deceased has got four girls and no

sons. May the daughters, who normally have a half share,

receive a full share and divide the property equally amongst

themselves?

The continuation of Verse 11, Surat al-Nisa responds

exactly to this question.2

1 In this example, the parents, the spouse and the siblings do not have a share, because

the deceased has a son. 2 See. Part I, Status II.


46

THE RESULT OF STATUS I: The Deceased: Man or Woman

In Status I, the Heirs Left by the Deceased are As Follows:

Son of the Deceased (must be one at least)

Daughter of the Deceased (if one, receives a share)

Father of the deceased (the presence or the

absence of him is not important)

Mother of the Deceased (the presence or the

absence of her is not important)

Siblings of the Deceased (the presence or the

absence of them is not important)

Spouse or Spouses of the Deceased (the presence or the


In Status I, the Shares Received By the Heirs are As Follows:

Heirs Shares

Son of the Deceased Full Share

Daughter of the Deceased Half Share

Father of the Deceased None

Mother of the Deceased None

Siblings of the Deceased None

Spouse/s of the Deceased None

Ó

Status II The Case of the Deceased

Having Only Daughter, No Son

Part I, Status II: The Case of the Deceased Having Only Daughter, No Son

49

�

X�W�k�j�i�h�g

�mu��t��s��r��q��p��o��n��mv��y��x��w{��z|��§��¦��¥��¤��£��¢��¡��~��}

¨©�l


thirds of what he left, and if she was one, then for her the half and to his parents, to each one from them the sixth

from what he left, if for him was a child.

The ongoing part of the Verse 11, Surat al-Nisa,

starts with a ف letter, which means “however”, indicating a

transition to the second condition.

The questions we asked at the end of the previous

section, are answered in the ongoing part of the verse

above. Accordingly, should the deceased leave only

daughters, they do not divide the inheritance equally

amongst themselves, as understood from the explicit

expression of the verse. In such a case, the proportion that

the daughters will receive from the inheritance, is limited by

two-thirds in this part of the verse:


50

�mvu��t��s��r��q��p��o��n��m�l

But if they were women above two, then for them two thirds of what he left.

Thus, for example 10 daughters left by the deceased,

can only share two-thirds of the inheritance.1 In this

situation, one third is left unshared from the inheritance.

At this point, the issue that we want to draw

attention is the expression of the proportion that the

daughters should receive in the verse:

m��vu��t��s�l

two thirds of what he left

This expression cuts the property into three slices

and takes out two slices.2

On the other hand, should the deceased leave only

one daughter, the share she may receive is also limited in

the verse.3

m��|{��z��y��x��w�l 1

1 But Almighty Allâh, does not make a similar restriction for the only sons. See Status I.

On the other hand, the case of a deceased having left only two daughters behind is

indefinite in the verse. This issue will be referred to when considering the verse 176 of

Surat al-Nisa. 2 The reason that we want to draw attention to this usage, while giving similar

proportions in the ongoing parts of the verse, the Supreme Creator changes the

explicandum on purpose in certain parts. 3 But Almighty Allâh, does not make a similar restriction for the only son. See Status I.


51

And if she was one, then for her the half.2

In this case, in which sons are not mentioned any

more, the Supreme Creator speaks of other heirs and gives

shares to them after determining the shares of the

daughters:

m��©¨��§��¦��¥��¤��£��¢��¡��~��}l 3 And to his parents, to each one from them, the sixth from

what he left, if for him was a child.

In this part of the verse, a share is given for the first

time to an heir other than the children of the deceased.4

Here, the explanation of the proportion given to the

parents is different from the pattern we drew attention

above:

m��¤��£��¢�l the sixth from what he left

1 This part of the verse was to be mentioned by the letter و, as a normal reference in

the same situation. 2 The expression used here is an absolute half. Therefore, as it does not contain any

records, it directly cuts the property into two and takes out half of the property just as

the previous one. 3 This part of the verse was to be mentioned by the letter و, as a normal reference in

the same situation. 4 In the absence of a son left by the deceased, the parents are conduced to be

considered for a division. With ولد meant to be daughter here, because no inheritance is left by the son normally

and because Allah said: 'if the children were female...'. The word ولد in Arabic, can be

used both for the son and the daughter. See Surat al-Nisa, input of the Verse 11.


52

The question to be asked here is: whether the

following statements have the same meaning or not: “the

sixth from what he left” and “sixth of what he left”.

In an ordinary expression of daily life, sometimes

both may mean the same. However, it should have chosen

carefully for a pattern that all the Muslims follow in terms of

division of inheritance till the Last Judgement.

Even in the texts having a legal dimension and

interested by everyone, how all the mankind is all attention

and as a result of this, the derivation of a strong language

defined as legalese is known by everyone.

Yet, here we are making mention of an expression

used by the Supreme Creator.1 Thereby instead of making

the different meanings same, making sense of them would

be a more appropriate approach.

Indeed, the first expression is a direct one, and in the

second expression, an indirect expression is in the question.

While the expression “one sixth of the property left”

directly slices the property undoubtedly; the expression

“one sixth from the property left” indicates to a different

point. Because the word “من” entreats a portion of the

property, not the whole.2

1 Allâh (SWT) says in Quran: Who to be more accurate than Allah in terms of word? See

al-Nisa/87. So, literal differences in the verses are more than simple details and they

should be seen as factors indicating different meanings. Because it is not everybody’s

word. It is the word of Allah. Also see al-Nisa/122. 2 Indeed the word “��” is used to express a part. See Bakara/248 and al-Hajj/18 for a

similar situation.

For instance, in Arabic to express the whole property in the box, אل�א �� (The property

is inside) is said. If the used expression is אل�א �� (It has got from the property), the


53

For this reason, including the share into equation by

accepting the proportion, determinated for parents, as a

direct proportion, does not lend itself to the utterance of

the verse! Because this is an indirect proportion and is

relevant to not the whole property but a part of it.

In this section of the verse, after giving the shares to

the daughters, there is a left property in question.1 This

property has been processed by the daughters, the first

group heirs. Here, it is possible2 to describe this property as

“from property”, in respect of a part of the main property.

Whereas, it is a literally inaccurate approach to say ”from

property” for the whole property.3

Therefore, the proportion one sixth determinated

for parents in this section of the verse, is not the proportion

one sixth of the whole property! This is the proportion one

sixth left after the process of daughters’ division.4

appreciation is אل�ء �� א�� (It has got something from the property.) Now, let’s

explain the same examples as fractional:

�� א�אل )It has got one third of the property.( �� א�אل )It has got one third from the property( here goes the appreciation of

this sentence:

�� א�אل ��ء (It has got one third of something from the property.) 1 However, in the first status, there is nothing left from the property because the group

of children, including the sons, has already divided the property completely. On the

other hand, The Supreme Creator does not limit sons' division of the property, as in

the case of the daughters. For example, there is not such an explanation in the Quran,

starting with “if somebody has only one son” and limitating his share that he will

receive from the inheritance. This is also an evidence of no shares to be discussed for

indirect heirs in the presence of the sons of the deceased. 2 As seen in the verse, it is possible to describe as “from what s/he left”

3 Unfortunately, in meanings of Holy Quran no necessary attention has paid to those

combination differences in the verses of inheritance. 4 When looked carefully, there is no sign for this share subjected to the parents in

Status I. Because in the first status, the sons divide the whole property amongst


54

Example I

Supposing that, the deceased has got three

daughters, parents and three siblings left.1

In this case, two-thirds of the property left by the

deceased belongs directly to daughters.2 One-sixth of the

remaining property belongs to mother of the deceased and

one sixth belongs to the father of the deceased. In this case,

there is no share for siblings.3

In the first stage, over the whole property:

Share of the 3 daughters4 = 2/3 * M � 12/18 * M

In the second stage, over the remaining property:

Share of the mother = 1/6 * M *1/3 � 1/18 * M

Share of the father = 1/6 * M *1/3 � 1/18 * M

Total: 12/18 + 1/18 + 1/18 = 14/18 = 7/9

Thus, seven nineth of the property has been shared.5

Example II Supposing that, the deceased has got only one

daughter, parents and three siblings.1

themselves and no property left for the other heirs. The share subjected to the

parents is defined over the remaining part from the property. 1 Because we haven’t touched upon the proportions about the spouses, suppose the

deceased has got no spouses left. 2 If any, after adjusting from the testament and the debt.

3 Because according to the verse 12, siblings may only receive a share, if the deceased

does not have children. See Part I, Status IV. 4 M: The inheritance after payment of debt and will. 5 We will see sometime later that the spouses also have shares in this division. In this

example, we supposed that the deceased has no spouses.


55

In this case, half of the property left by the deceased

belongs to the daughter.2 One sixth of the remaining

property falls to the mother of the deceased, and one sixth

falls to the father of the deceased. In this case, the siblings

do not have any share from the property.


Share of the only daughter3 = 1/2 * M � 6/12 * M


Share of the mother = 1/6 * M *1/2 � 1/12 * M

Share of the father = 1/6 * M *1/2 � 1/12 * M

Total: 6/12 + 1/12 + 1/12 = 8/12 = 2/3

Thus, two-thirds of the property has been divided.4

1 Because we haven’t touched upon the proportions about the spouses, suppose the

deceased has got no spouses left. 2 If any, after adjusting from the testament and the debt.

3 M: The inheritance after payment of debt and will. 4 We will see sometime later that the spouses also have shares in this division. We

supposed that the deceased has no spouses in this example.

According to the division inheritance in the Qur'an, the surplus property is often a

normal situation. This approach provides a flexibility to meet the possible heirs'

existence or absence and also facilitates giving something from the inheritance to

relatives that do not have a share but present in the division of inheritance, orphans

and poor. Indeed, this issue has been put into words before the verses of division of

inheritance; See al-Nisa/8. The Prophet pointed to the same issue and suggested the

remaining part of inheritance to be distributed to the male relatives of deceased. The

Prophet's approach is a compatible result with the scope of verse just mentioned.

See. al-Buhârî, al-Câmi‘u’s-Sahîh, VI, 2476 (6351); 2476 (6354); 2478 (6356); 2480

(6365); Muslim, al-Sahîh, III, 1233 (1615). See also hadiths with similar content: Abu

Dâvûd, al-Sunan, III, 122 (2895, 2896); al-Dârakutnî, al-Sunan, IV, 91 (74).


56

Example III Supposing that, the deceased has got only one

daughter left. No parents, no spouses.1

In such a case, half of the property left by the

deceased belongs to the daughter. As there is no heirs of

shares, half of the heritage will be left over.2

1 The absence or the presence of the siblings is not important, because daughter of the

deceased is existing. 2 It is rumoured that, in a similar case, as the provision of Quran after giving half of the

property to the daughter, the Prophet (peace be upon him) gave something to the

grandchildren and to the sister. See. al-Bukhârî, al-Câmi‘ al-Sahîh, VI, 2477 (6355).


57

THE RESULT OF STATUS II:

The Deceased: Man or Woman

In Status II, the Heirs Left by the Deceased are As Follows: Son of the Deceased (does not exist)

Daughter of the Deceased (must be one at least)

Father of the deceased (if exists, receives his share)

Mother of the deceased (if exists, receives her share)



Spouse/s of the Deceased (if one, receives

his/her/their share)

In Status II, the Shares Received By the Heirs are As Follows:

Heirs Shares

Daughters of the deceased Two-thirds of the property

Only daughter of the deceased

Half of the property

Father of the deceased One-Sixth from the

property

Mother of the deceased One-Sixth from the

property

Siblings of the deceased None

Spouse/s of the deceased See Part II

Ó

Status III The Case of the Deceased without Children (State

of Kalalah) Inherited by the Parents

Part I, Status III: The Case of the Deceased without Children Inherited by the Parents

61

X�W�k�j�i�h�g��

�m³��²��±��°��¯��®��¬��«��ª´��l

But if there was not for him a child, and his parents inherited him, then to his mother the third.1



transition to the third condition.

In this case, the deceased has got no children at all.

Thus, the parents left have become heirs.

In such a case, it is clearly reported (absolute form of

share) in the verse that the mother has one-third share of

the property.2

On the other hand, while indicating that the father is

an heir, his receiving a share from the inheritance is left

1 However, if there is no father, then the mother of the deceased will turn into an

unlimited heir. So she will be able to receive the shares of the missing heirs in addition

to this share. 2 The absence of children of the deceased seems to made the mother a direct share

owner by rising the position. A similar situation is applicable for the father of the

deceased. It is important to pay attention to the gradual elimination here. First of all,

the sons and daughters of the deceased are mentioned and the division is arranged to

this (Status I). Then, the sons are eliminated and certain limited shares are given to

the daughters and while the parental factor is included indirectly (Status II). But later

on, the case of the deceased without children was revived and by rising the parents to

the top position, a direct share from the inheritance was given to the mother of the

deceased (Status III). In the next case, the siblings will be put in place (Status IV). In

the last case, the parents will be eliminated and shares of the siblings will be

redetermined (Part III, Surat al-Nisa Verse 176).


62

Unlimited. So, there isn’t a limit in question for the father,

he may receive what he may find from the inheritance and

missing heirs.1 Because he is named as an heir in the

Quran.2

Example

Supposing that, the deceased left no children

behind. But parents are still existing. There is also no

spouse/s and siblings left from the deceased.3

The mother of the deceased receives one-third of

the property directly. In view of the fact that there is no

siblings and spouse left, two-thirds proportion of the

property may fall to the father completely.

In the first stage, over the whole property:4

Share of the mother5 = 1/3 * M

Inasmuch as there is no heir, two-thirds of the

property will be left over. Because the share of the father is unlimited, this remaining share falls to the father.

In this case, father’s share takes place as = 2/3 * M

Total: 1/3 + 2/3 = 3/3 1 In other words, after the share owners have taken their shares, the father may take

the remnant. In such a case, there is no share owner except the mother, the siblings

and the spouse of deceased. 2 In such a case, except the mother, spouse/s of the deceased may receive a share.

Although they are not relatives, they have a portion from the inheritance through the

contraction of marriage. See al-Nisa/12 and al-Nisa/33. 3 We will treat this state, when the deceased leaves a spouse behind, later. See Part II,

Surat al-Nisa Verse 12. 4 As the deceased has got no children, the parents have risen to the first stage.

5 M: The inheritance after payment of debt and will.

Part I, Status III: The Case of the Deceased without Children Inherited by the Parents

63

Thus, the property has been divided completely

between the mother and the father of the deceased.1

1 In such a case, giving something from the property to the relatives, the orphans and

the miserables, who do not have shares, falls probably over the father of the

deceased. See al-Nisa/8.


64

THE RESULT OF STATUS III:


In Status III, the Heirs Left by the Deceased are As Follows:

Son of the Deceased (does not exist)

Daughter of the Deceased (does not exist)

Father of the deceased (does exist)






In Status III, the Shares Received By the Heirs are As Follows:

Heirs Shares

Father of the deceased Unlimited

Mother of the deceased One-third of the property



Ó

Status IV The Case of the Deceased without Children (State

of Kalalah) Inherited by the Parents and the Siblings

Part I, Status IV: The Case of the Deceased without Children Inherited by the Mother and the Siblings

67

�


�m»��º��¹��¸��¶��µ¼��l

But if siblings were for him, then to his mother the sixth.1



transition to the fourth condition.

With the inclusion of the siblings, the share of

mother has been fallen by half in this verse.2

The shares of the siblings from the property are

arranged in the last part of the verse 12, Surat an-Nisa:



to this share. 2 Indeed, in the case of a deceased inherited by the parents, the mother has had one-

thirds proportion. But here, in the presences of the siblings (more than one), the

mother has a direct one-sixth proportion. This alteration is a clear evidence showing

that two situations are constructed in reciprocal ways.

Morever, this share is given in the form of an absolute proportion as in the case of

Status III. So, it is calculated over the whole property.


68

�m��c��b��a��`��_��~��}��|��{��z��yg��f��e��dh��n��m��l��k��j��i

q��p��or�l

And if he was a man to be inherited as a Kalale or a woman, and for him is a brother, or a sister, then to each one from them the sixth, but if they were more than that,

then they are partners in the third.

In this section of the verse 12, the Kalala is

mentioned. A sort of definition of this word appears in Surat

al-Nisa, Verse 176. There, the case of Kalala is established

on the death of a person without children.

The parents and the siblings inherit the property,

should the deceased not have any children.1 Therefore, the

expression: “if the deceased has got heirs as Kalala...” at the

beginning of the verse, indicates to the parents and the

siblings left by the deceased.

In the verse, in such a case, the share for the only

brother or sister is determined as one-sixth for each. If the

siblings are more than this, they become shareholders on

the direct share one-third.

1 Except these, the spouses having a portion from the inheritance because of the

marriage contract may come into question. They are not included in relatives. In fact,

their shares have been determined in Surat al-Nisa, Verse 12 and these rates are

attributed to the division with the letter و . See Part II, Surat al-Nisa ,Verse 12.


69

So, the shares received by shuffle of the mother and

the siblings have been determined separately.1

Example I

Supposing that, the deceased has got no children

and left his parents and a brother behind.2

In this case, the mother has one-third direct share

from the inheritance.3 The brother takes one-sixth in the

same way.


Share of the mother = 1/3 * M

Share of the brother = 1/6 * M

Total: 1/3 + 1/6 = 3/6 = 1/2

Thus, half of the inheritance has been divided

between the mother and the brother. Other half of the

inheritance is left for the father.5

1 In the absence of the parents of deceased, the proportions of property received by

the siblings are arranged in Surat al-Nisa, Verse 176. See, Part III, Surat an-Nisa, Verse

176. 2 As we haven’t touched upon the verse 12 of Surat al-Nisa, suppose the deceased

hasn’t got a spouse. Later, the division including spouse/s will be handled separately. 3 According to the ayah there should be more than one sibling for to reduce the share

of the mother to 1/6. 4 M: The inheritance after payment of debt and will. 5 Because we ignore the spouse status, the remnant to the father here is massive. As

mentioned before, the property is left over in the division of inheritance, because a

flexible construction is built upon the possible heirs. Moreover, the share for the

relatives, the orphans and the miserables should not be forgotten. See Nisa/8.


70

Example II

Supposing that, the deceased without children left

her parents and a sister behind.1

In this case, the mother’s share is directly one-third

of the property. 2 The sister of deceased takes directly one-

sixth of the inheritance in the same way.



Share of the sister = 1/6 * M

Total: 1/3 + 1/6 = 3/6 = 1/2


between the mother and the sister. Other half of the

inheritance is left to the father.4

Example III


his parents, a sister, and a brother.

1 As we haven’t touched upon the verse 12 of Surat al-Nisa, suppose the deceased

hasn’t got a spouse. Later, the division including spouse/s will be handled separately.

See. Part II, Surat al-Nisa, Verse 12. 2 According to the ayah there should be more than one sibling for to reduce the share

of the mother to 1/6. 3 M: The inheritance after payment of debt and will. 4 Because we ignore the spouse status, the remnant to the father here is massive. As





71

In this case, the mother’s share is one-sixth of the

property directly. The sister of deceased and the brother of

deceased are shareholders on the direct share one-third.



Share of the siblings = 1/3 * M

Total: 1/6 + 1/3 = 3/6 = 1/2


amongst the mother, the sister and the brother. The

remaning half of the inheritance is left to the father.

Example IV


parents, three sisters, and four brothers.2

In this case, the mother’s share is one-sixth of the

property directly. The siblings of deceased allocate one-

thirds of the property amongst themselves directly.


Share of the mother = 1/6 * mal � 1/6 * M

Share of the siblings = 1/3 * mal � 2/6 * M

Total: 1/6 + 2/6 = 3/6 = 1/2

1 M: The inheritance after payment of debt and will. 2 As we haven’t touched upon the verse 12 of Surat al-Nisa, suppose the deceased

hasn’t got a spouse. Later, the division including spouse/s will be handled separately.

See. Part II, Verse 12.


72


amongst the mother and the siblings. The remaning half of

the inheritance is left to the father.1

1 Because we ignore the spouse status, the remnant to the father here is massive. As





73

THE RESULT OF STATUS IV:


In Status IV, the Heirs Left by the Deceased are As Follows:



Father of the Deceased (does exist)

Mother of the Deceased1 (does exist)

Siblings of the Deceased (must be one at least)



In Status IV, the Shares Received By the Heirs are As Follows:

Heirs Shares

Father of the deceased Unlimited

Mother of the deceased One-third or2 one-sixth of

the property

Only sister of the deceased One-Sixth of the property

Only Brother of the deceased

One-Sixth of the property

Siblings of the deceased One-Third of the property




to this share. 2 According to the ayah there should be more than one sibling for to reduce the share

of the mother to 1/6.

PART II


� �

� �

ë

Status I The Case of a Deceased Woman Without Children

(State of Kalalah) Having Left a Husband Behind

Part II, Status I: The Case of a Deceased Woman Without Children Having Left a Husband Behind

79

�


m��F�E��D�C��B��I��H�G��K��JLl��

And to you half of what your wives left, if there was not for them a child! 1

The Supreme Creator begins the verse with the

letter و so with an attribution. Because the provisions given

here are presented additionally to the divisions subjected in

the previous verse.2

In previous verse, only the children, the parents and

the siblings are mentioned in division; but in this verse, the

proportions for the spouse/s are also included. Although

they are strangers, there is a relation between spouses via

marriage contract. That is why, the Supreme Creator

rendered them as heirs between each other, just as close

relatives, and gave them shares from the inheritance.

So, the shares determinated for the spouses should

be seen as a part of the divisions subjected in the previous

1 The literal form of verse is "If they did not have any children" In our opinion, this

expression constitutes a presumption that a previously dead child should be

considered as if s/he were alive. So, his/her share has been determined; and this

share is divided between his/her heirs. 2 Some assert that the shares in the verse 12 are independent from the shares in the

verse 11. So, these rates cannot be used in the same equation in common. There is

not an understandable basis on this approach made with a defensive mood.


80

verse and they should be treated in the same system. The

attribution at the beginning of the verse denotes this.1

In the verse, the Supreme presents the share of the

husband as a direct one:

m��E��D��C�l

half of what left

This expression cuts the property into two directly

and takes out one.2

Example I

Supposing that, the deceased woman without

children left a mother, siblings and a husband.

In this case, the mother’s share is directly one-sixth

of the property. The shares of siblings are one-third

directly.3 The share of husband is half of the property

directly.4


Share of the mother = 1/6 * M � 1/6 * M

Share of the siblings = 1/3 * M � 2/6 * M

1 The shares of the siblings at the end of the verse 12, are also a part of the sharing in

the verse 11 in the same way. See Part I, Status IV. 2 So, just as the parents from the second group heirs who may rise to the position of

the first group heirs, the husband of the deceased woman without children is a direct

share owner from the property. See Introduction, Groups of Heirs. 3 The siblings share this property amongst themselves. See Part I, Status IV.

4 All of these shares are direct; so they are applied on the whole property.



81

Share of the husband = ½ *M � 3/6 * M

Total: 1/6 + 2/6 + 3/6 = 6/6

Thus, the whole inheritance has been divided

between the mother, the siblings and the husband.1

Example II

Supposing that, the deceased woman without

children left a mother, father and a husband.

In such a case, the mother’s share is directly one-

third of the property.2 The share of the husband is directly

half of the property left by the deceased woman.3 The share

to be received by father is not certain. So, the father

inherits whatever left from the property.



Share of the husband = ½ *M � 3/6 * M

Total: 2/6 + 3/6 = 5/6

The father receives the remanning property (one-

sixth of the whole property).5 1 This example shows a situation, in which the direct shares cover the whole property.

In this example if there was a father for the deceased there would be nothing

remained for him. For there is no certain share for the father, he receives the shares

of the missing heirs only. 2 See Part I, Status III.

3 All of these shares are direct; so they are applied on the whole property.

4 M: The inheritance after payment of debt and will. 5 In such a case, suppose the deceased woman hasn’t got a husband, so the father

receives two-thirds of the property. Also suppose, the deceased woman hasn’t got a

mother; in that case the father receives the whole inheritance.


82

Thus, the whole inheritance left by the deceased

woman, has been divided amongst the mother, the father

and the husband.1

Example III

Supposing that, the deceased woman left a father

and a husband behind.

The husband receives half of the property left by the

deceased woman directly. The share to be received by

father is not certain. So, the whole remnant from the

missing heirs belongs to him.


Share of the husband = ½ * M

The father inherits the other half of the property.


between the father and the husband of the deceased

woman.

1 If attention is paid, it will be seen that the property left over in the first part, is not left

over when the spouses are included. 2 M: The inheritance after payment of debt and will.


83

THE RESULT OF STATUS I:

The Deceased: Woman




Father of the Deceased (if exists, receives his share)

Mother of the Deceased (if exists, receives her share)

Siblings of the Deceased (if exist, receive their share) Husband of the Deceased (if exists, receives his share) In Status I, the Shares Received By the Heirs are As Follows:

Heirs Shares

Father of the deceased woman

Unlimited

Mother of the deceased woman

One-third or1 one-sixth of the property

Only Brother of the deceased woman

One-sixth of the property

Only Sister of the deceased woman


Siblings of the deceased woman

One-third of the property

Husband of the deceased woman


1 According to the ayah there should be more than one sibling for to reduce the share


Ó

Status II The Case of a Deceased Woman with Daughter/

Daughters Having Left a Husband Behind


86

�


�mT��S��R��Q��P��O��N��MU�l

But if there was for them a child, then to you the quarter from what they left.



transition to the second condition.

The husband, who owns a direct share because of

the absence of the deceased woman’s children in the status

I, does not have a direct share here anymore. Here, because

of the presence of the children (female), the husband’s

share becomes an indirect share and the portion has been

reduced to one-fourth

m��T��S��RU�l��

the quarter from what they left1

The case of indirect share of husband, indicates that

the child, mentioned in the verse, is a daughter. Because, in

1 In our opinion, this expression is not the same thing with ’the quarter of what they

left’. Using these two different expressions by changing over and over again by

Almighty Allah is a presumption regarding to this. Yet, the letter �� in here is a

procreative postposition; allows passing from whole to part.

Part II, Status II: The Case of a Deceased Woman with a Daughter Having Left a Husband Behind

87

a division of inheritance by a son, the whole property is

divided between the children in the first stage and no

property is transferred to the indirect share division.

Moreover, Allah started this state by saying: 'If the children

were females...'.

If the children of the deceased are daughters, the

property is left over for an indirect share division. Because,

the Supreme Creator does not limit the shares of the sons,

but limits the shares of the daughters.1

Example I

Let’s divide the inheritance of a deceased woman,

having left a daughter, amongst parents, siblings and the

husband.

In this case, the share of the daughter of the

deceased, is a half share in absolute terms. The parents of

the deceased, receive one-sixth for each indirectly.

Similarly, the husband receives one-fourth indirectly. In

such an example, there is not a share for siblings.2


Share of the only daughter = 1/2 * M � 12/24 * M


Share of the mother = 1/6 * (M * ½) � 2/24 * M

1 For this reason, in the presence of a son, an indirect share does not happen to be.

Hence the first indirect share owners’, parents’ shares, are mentioned with the

expression “if all the children are daughters...” already. See Part I, Status I and II. 2 Because of the presence of the children, the siblings of the deceased could not rise up

to the position taking a share. See Part I, Status I, II and III. 3 M: The inheritance after payment of debt and will.


88

Share of the father = 1/6 * (M * ½) � 2/24 * M

Share of the husband = 1/4 * (M * ½) � 3/24 * M

Total: 12/24 + 2/24 + 2/24 + 3/24 = 19/24

Thus, 19/24 of the property has been divided

amongst heirs. 5/24 of the inheritance is left over.

Example II

Let’s divide the inheritance of a deceased woman,

having left three daughters, amongst the parents, the

siblings and the husband.

In this case, three daughters receive two-thirds of

the inheritance directly. The parents of the deceased

receive one-sixth for each indirectly. Similarly, the husband

receives one-fourth indirectly. In such an example, there is

not a share for the siblings.1


Share of three daughters = 2/3 * M � 24/36 * M


Share of the mother = 1/6 * (M * 1/3) � 2/36 * M

Share of the father = 1/6 * (M * 1/3) � 2/36 * M

Share of the husband = 1/4 * (M * 1/3) � 3/36 * M

Total: 24/36 + 2/36 + 2/36 + 3/36 = 31/36

1 Because of the presence of the children, the siblings of the deceased could not rise up

to the position taking a share. See Part I, Status I, II and III. 2 M: The inheritance after payment of debt and will.

Part II, Status II: The Case of a Deceased Woman with a Daughter Having Left a Husband Behind

89

Thus, 31/36 of the property has been shared



90


The Deceased: Woman

In Status II, the Heirs Left by the Deceased are As Follows:







Husband of the deceased (if exists, receives his share)


Heirs Shares





property


property


Husband of the deceased One-Fourth from the

property

ë

Status III The Case of a Deceased Man Without Children

(State of Kalalah) Having Left Spouses Behind

Part II, Status III: The Case of a Deceased Man Without Children Having Left Spouses Behind

93

�


m��f��e��d��c��b��a��`��_��^g�l��1

And to them the quarter from what you left, if there was not for you a child!

In this section of the verse, Allah (SWT) denotes the

proportions of shares to be inherited by the spouses of the

deceased man without children. The proportion mentioned

in the verse is one-fourth.

This proportion is descriptive of a part of the

property, not the whole. Because the composition

mentioned in the verse, is arranged to express an indirect

share:

m��a��`��_�l��

the quarter from what you left2

1 Almighty Allah begins this part of verse with the letter و.Indeed, the provision here is

an addition made to the division in verse 11. 2 However, in the introduction of verse, from the inheritance of a woman without

children, the husband was given a direct share as a proportion of ½. In this option coincide with the situation there, The Supreme Creator did not appoint the woman as a direct heir and gave her share as a proportion of ¼. See, Part II, Status I.


94

It can be clearly seen that instead of a direct

relativity, من is used in the combination.

This heir group, which receives indirect shares from

the inheritance even in the case of a deceased without

children, forms the third group of heirs.1

Example I

Supposing that, a deceased man without children

left his parents, siblings and a spouse behind.

In such a case, the share of mother is one-sixth

directly. The siblings receive one-third directly.2 The spouse

receives one-fourth indirectly.





Share of the spouse = 1/4 * (M * ½) � 3/24 * M

Total: 4/24 + 8/24 + 3/24 = 15/24

Thus, 15/24 of the inheritance has been divided

amongst the mother, the siblings and the spouse of the

deceased man. The remaning part (9/24) of the inheritance

is left to the father.

1 See Introduction, Groups of Heirs.

2 The siblings, share this property amongst themselves. See Part I, Status IV.



95

Example II


left his parents, siblings and four spouses behind.1

In such a case, the share of the mother is one-sixth

directly. The siblings receive one-third directly.2 The four

spouses of deceased man receive one-fourth for each

indirectly.




In the second stage, over the remaining property:4

Share of the first wife = 1/4 * (M * ½) � 3/24 * M

Share of the second wife = 1/4 * (M * ½) � 3/24 * M

Share of the third wife = 1/4 * (M * ½) � 3/24 * M

Share of the fourth wife = 1/4 * (M * ½) � 3/24 * M

Total: 4/24+ 8/24 + 3/24 + 3/24 + 3/24 + 3/24 = 24/24


amongst the mother, the siblings and four spouses.5

1 According to the Quran, as having maximum four wives is possible for a man, the

arranged division of inheritance by the Supreme Creator should be theoretically

flexible enough to provide this maximum spouse-related level. 2 The siblings, share this property amongst themselves equally. See Part I, Status IV.

3 M: The inheritance after payment of debt and will. 4 As seen, shares of spouses in the inheritance of man have been reserved. The case of

deceased having left fewer spouses is not an advantage for the other spouses. In

other words, the share of the fourth spouse from the inheritance of a deceased man

having left three spouses behind, cannot be divided. Namely it remains. 5 If attention is paid, mostly remained property in the Part I, is not left over here with

the inclusion of the spouses.


96

Nothing remained for the father because there is no missing

heirs.1

Example III


left his parents and a spouse behind.

In such a case, the share of mother is one-third

directly.2 The spouse of the deceased man receives one-

fourth indirectly. The share to be received by the father is

not limited. So, he inherits the remaining part of the

inheritance.


Share of the mother = 1/3 * M � 8/24 * M Share of the missing sibling = 1/6 * M � 4/24 * M

(This share shall be remained for the father)


Share of the wife = 1/4 * (M * ½) � 3/24 * M Total: 8/24 + 4/24 + 3/24 = 15/24 = 5/8 The remaning part (3/8) of the inheritance is also left to the

father.

1 This is an interesting situation and just the opposite is also possible. In the absence of

either mother, siblings or one of the spouses, the shares of them are directly

transferred to the father. Even in the absence of them all, the mother, siblings and the

spouses, the whole inheritance may be inherited by the father. This situation is a

miraculous dimension of leaving father’s share unlimited from numerical point of

view. 2 See Part I, Status III.



97


amongst the mother, the father and the spouse.

Example IV Supposing that, the deceased man without children

left parents and four spouses behind.1

In such a case, the share of mother is one-third

directly.2 Each share of the four spouses of deceased man is

one-fourth indirectly. The share to be received by the father

is not certain. So, he inherits the remaining part of the

property.



Share of the missing sibling = 1/6 * M � 4/24 * M

(This share shall be remained for the father)


Share of the first wife = 1/4 * (M * ½) � 3/24 * M

Share of the second wife = 1/4 * (M * ½) � 3/24 * M

Share of the third wife = 1/4 * (M * ½) � 3/24 * M

Share of the fourth wife = 1/4 * (M * ½) � 3/24 * M

Total: 8/24+ 4/24+ 3/24 + 3/24 + 3/24 + 3/24 = 24/24



flexible enough to provide this maximum spouse-related level. 2 See Part I, Status III.



98

As the inheritance has been divided completely

amongst the mother and the spouses, there is nothing left

for the father except the share of the missing sibling.


99


The Deceased: Man






Siblings of the Deceased (if exist, receive their share) Wifes of the Deceased (if one, receives her share) In Status III, the Shares Received By the Heirs are As Follows:

Heirs Shares Father of the deceased man Unlimited

Mother of the deceased man

One-third or1 one-sixth of the property

Only Brother of the deceased man


Only Sister of the deceased man


Siblings of the deceased man

One-third of the property

Wifes of the deceased man One-fourth from the

property for each

1 According to the ayah there should be more than one sibling for to reduce the share


Ó

Status IV The Case of a Deceased Man with Daughter/

Daughters Having Left Spouses Behind

Part II, Status IV: The Case of a Deceased Man with a Daughter Having Left Spouses Behind

103

�


m��po��n��m��l��k��j��i��hl

But if there was for you a child, then for them the eighth from what you left.



transition to the fourth condition.

The shares of each spouse, having one-fourth in the

case of a deceased man without children in status III, are

reduced to one-eighth indirectly again.

From the utterance of verse, it is understood that

the share is indirect:

m��po��n��ml��

the eighth from what you left1

It is understood that the mentioned child is a

daughter; because the spouses receive indirect shares in

1 In our opinion, this expression is not the same thing with ‘the eighth of what you left’.

Using these two different expressions by changing over and over again by Almighty

Allah is a presumption regarding to this. Yet, the letter منin here is a procreative

postposition; allows passing from whole to part.


104

here. Because, in a division of inheritance by a son, the

whole property is divided between children in the first stage

and no property is transferred to the indirect share divison.

Only when the children are composed of daughters,

the property is left over for a second share. Because, the

Supreme Creator limits the shares of daughters; although he

does not limit the shares of sons.1

Example I

Let’s divide the inheritance of deceased man having

left a daughter amongst parents, siblings and a spouse.

The share of the daughter of deceased is directly half

of the property in this case. The share of the parents’ is one-

sixth for each indirectly. Similarly, the spouse of deceased

takes an indirect one-eighth share. In such an example,

there is no share for siblings from the inheritance.2


Share of the daughter = 1/2 * M � 24/48 * M




Share of the wife = 1/8 * (M * ½) � 3/48 * M

1 For this reason, in any case of the deceased has got a son, there is no property for an

indirect share. Because, Parents’, the first indirect share owners’, shares are

mentioned for the situation beginning with “If all the children are daughters...” See

Part I, Status I and II. 2 Because of the presence of the children, the siblings could not rise up to the position

having a share. See Part I, Status I, II, and III. 3 M: The inheritance after payment of debt and will.


105

Total: 24/48 + 4/48 + 4/48 + 3/48 = 35/48



Example II Let’s divide the inheritance of the deceased man

having left a daughter, amongst parents, siblings and four

spouses.1

The share of the daughter of the deceased, is half of

the property in absolute terms in this case. The share of the

parents’ is one-sixth for each indirectly. Similarly, the

spouses of deceased take one-eighth for each indirectly. In

such an example, there is no share for siblings from the

inheritance.2


Share of the daughter = 1/2 * M � 24/48 * M




Share of first wife = 1/8 * (M * ½) � 3/48 * M

Share of second wife = 1/8 * (M * ½) � 3/48 * M

Share of third wife = 1/8 * (M * ½) � 3/48 * M

Share of fourth wife = 1/8 * (M * ½) � 3/48 * M



flexible enough to provide this maximum spouse-related level. 2 Because of the presence of the children, the siblings could not rise up to the position



106

Total: 24/48 + 4/48 + 4/48 + 3/48 + 3/48 + 3/48 + 3/48 =

44/48



Example III Let’s divide the inheritance of deceased man having

left three daughters amongst parents, siblings and four

spouses.

In this case, three daughters take two-thirds of the

inheritance directly. The share of the parents is one-sixth for

each indirectly. Similarly, each spouse takes one-eighth

indirectly. In such an example, there is no share for siblings

from the inheritance.1


Share of three daughters = 2/3 * M � 48/72 * M


Share of the mother = 1/6 * (M * 1/3) � 4/72 * M

Share of the father = 1/6 * (M * 1/3) � 4/72 * M

Share of first wife = 1/8 * (M * 2/9) � 3/72 * M

Share of second wife = 1/8 * (M * 2/9) � 3/72 * M

Share of third wife = 1/8 * (M * 2/9) � 3/72 * M

Share of fourth wife = 1/8 * (M * 2/9) � 3/72 * M

1 Because of the presence of the children, the siblings could not rise up to the position



107

Total: 48/72 + 4/72 + 4/72 + 3/72 + 3/72 + 3/72 + 3/72 =

68/72




108


The Deceased: Man

In Status IV, the Heirs Left by the Deceased are As Follows: Son of the Deceased (does not exist)






Wifes of the Deceased (if one, receives her share) In Status IV, the Shares Received By the Heirs are As Follows:

Heirs Shares





property


property


Wifes of the deceased One-Eighth from the

property

PART III


� �

� �

[

Status I The Case of a Deceased Without Children

(State of Kalalah) Having Left a Sister

Part III, Status I: The Case of a Deceased Without Children Having Left a Sister

113

�


m��S��R��Q��P��O��N��M��L��K��J��I��H�l��

If a human perished, having no child, and for him is a sister, then to her half of what he left.

With the exclusion of the children, the siblings have

received a share from the inheritance for the first time. The

siblings’ shares to be taken with the parents, were reported

in the verse 12, Surat al-Nisa.1

In Surat al-Nisa, verse 176, also with the exclusion of

the parents from the system, the shares of siblings to be

taken at which rate, are reported.

According to the introduction of the verse above, in

the case of a deceased without children having left a sister,

she may receive the half of the property directly:2

m��Q��S��R�l��

1 See Part I, Status IV.

2 As seen, with the exclusion of the parents, the shares of siblings have been increased.

Basically, Surat al-Nisa Verse 11 and 12 are adequate in the division of inheritance.

Indeed, the cases, explained in the verse 176, Surat al-Nisa, could already be

concluded from Verses 11 and 12. But on a fatwa request by people, the Supreme

Creator clarified the situation not to confuse people. For instance, the situation of the

only sister and the only daughter left by the deceased could have been likened and a

conclusion could have been drawn. See Part I, Status II.


114

half of what he left

Example I Supposing that, a deceased woman without children

left a sister and a husband behind.

In this case, the share of the sister is directly half of

the property. The share of the husband is half of the

property in the same way.


Share of the sister = 1/2 * mal

Share of the husband = 1/2 * mal

Total: 1/2 + 1/2 = 1


between the husband and the sister in half shares in the

first stage.2

Example II


left a sister and four spouses behind.

In this case, the share of the sister is directly half of

the property. The shares of the spouses are indirect and

one-fourth from the inheritance for each.

1 M: The inheritance after payment of debt and will. 2 Should the deceased woman not have a husband behind, it means that half of the

property will fall to the sister and the other half of the property will be left over. The

opposite of this situation is also possible.

Part III, Status I: The Case of a Deceased Without Children Having Left a Sister

115


Share of the daughter = 1/2 * M � 4/8 * M In the second stage, over the remaining property:





Total: 4/8 + 1/8 + 1/8 + 1/8 + 1/8 = 8/8


amongst the spouses and the sister of deceased.2

1 M: The inheritance after payment of debt and will. 2 The absence of any spouse may result in an increase of her share from the

inheritance.


116

THE RESULT OF STATUS I:





Father of the Deceased (does not exist)

Mother of the Deceased (does not exist)

Brothers of the Deceased (do not exist)

Only sister of Deceased (if exists, receives her share)



In Status I, the Shares Received By the Heirs are As Follows:

Heirs Shares

Only sister of deceased Half of the property



Spouses of the deceased man

One-fourth from the property for each

ë

Status II The Case of a Deceased Without Children

(State of Kalalah) Having Left a Brother Behind

Part III, Status II: The Case of a Deceased Having Left a Brother Behind

119

�


m�[��Z��Y��X��W��V��U\�l��









In the section of the verse above, it is reported that,

when a deceased without any children leaves a brother

behind, the brother inherits him/ her.

In here, no proportion is ever mentioned; but it is

reported that the brother will be an heir. In this case, the

brother may take whatever he finds from his deceased

sibling.2

1 See Part I, Status IV.

2 Basically, Surat al-Nisa Verses 11 and 12 are adequate in the division of inheritance.

The cases explained in the Verse 176, Surat al-Nisa, could already have understood

from Verses 11 and 12. But people demanded a fatwa on this issue. So the Supreme

Creator clarified the situation not to confuse people. For instance, the case of the only


120

Example I

Supposing that, a deceased woman without children

left a brother and a husband.

In this case, the husband receives half of the

property directly. The other half of the property falls to the

brother.

Thus, the whole inheritance has been divided in half

shares between the husband and the brother.1

Example II Supposing that, a deceased man without children

left a brother and four spouses behind.

In this case, the shares of the spouses are indirect

and one-fourth for each. The share to be received by the

brother is not limited. So, the whole remnant from the

missing heirs belongs to him.


Share of the missing mother = 1/6 * M � 4/24 * M

Share of the missing siblings = 1/3 * M � 8/24 * M

(This shares shall be left for the brother)

brother and the father may have been mixed and cut to the chase. See Part I, Status

III. 1 Should the deceased woman not have a husband behind, the whole property falls to

the brother. So, the difference between the only sister and the only brother has been

distinguished. 2 M: The inheritance after payment of debt and will.

Part III, Status II: The Case of a Deceased Having Left a Brother Behind

121






Total: 4/24 + 8/24 + 3/24 + 3/24 + 3/24 +3/24= 24/24


amongst the spouses and the only brother.


122



In Status II, the Heirs Left by the Deceased are As Follows:





Sisters of the Deceased (do not exist)

Only brother of Deceased (if exists, receives his share)




Heirs Shares

Only brother of deceased Unlimited





Ó

Status III The Case of a Deceased without Children (State of

Kalalah) Having Left Two Sisters Behind

Part III, Status III: The Case of a Deceased without Children Having Left Two Sisters Behind

125

�

�k�j�i�h�gX�W

m��dc��b��a��`��_��^��]l��

But if they were two females, then to them the two thirds from what he left.

In this section of Verse 176, Surat al-Nisa indicates

that if a deceased without children leaves two sisters

behind, the sisters will receive two-thirds indirect share

from the inheritance.1

m��\�c��b��a�l�� the two thirds from what he left

Hereby, in the Holy Quran, two-thirds share is

sometimes mentioned as direct and sometimes mentioned

as indirect.2 This case is significant in showing how

meticulously these meaning differences are chosen.

The Divinity, indicating one sister’s share as direct,

presents two sisters’ shares as indirect. When the examples

1 This new case is also indicated with the letter ف in the verse.

2 See Part I, Status II. There, the Supreme Creator used the expression א �א ��כ�� (two

thirds of what he left) while indicating the shares of the daughters.


126

below are examined, the important results of this case will

be seen.1

Example I


left two sisters and a husband behind.

In this case, the share of the husband is directly half

of the property. Two sisters receive two-thirds indirectly!


Share of the husband = 1/2 * M � 3/6 * M


Share of two sisters = 2/3 * (M * 1/2) � 2/6 * M

Total: 3/6 + 2/6 = 5/6

Thus, 5/6 of the inheritance has been divided

between the husband and two sisters.3

1 It is astonishing to see that the indirect shares in this section of the verse play a vital

role in terms of calculuses in the division. Maybe, in order to teach the types of shares

thoroughly with this regard, Allah SWT rules : “Allah clarifies for you that you not err.”

in following parts of this verse. 2 M: The inheritance after payment of debt and will. 3 If the share mentioned in the verse was a direct share, as in the case of the only sister

or more than two daughters in the verse 11, there would be a mathematical problem.

Because, if half of the property was given to the husband, two-thirds would not fall to

the sisters and if two thirds was given to the sisters, half of the property would not fall

to the husband! In such a case, where the numerator exceeds denominator, it would

be impossible to divide the shares mathematically between heirs.

No matter which method is applied, the solution in such a case would be reducing

one’s shares proposed by the verse or corroding the shares instead of handing over

them to the share owners. This would have been a synonymous result with confessing

of a mathematical problem in the verse rather than resolving the verse.

However, by no means, there is not such a mathematical problem in the verse. On the

contrary, very careful types of shares and division are in question!


127

Example II


left two sisters and four spouses behind.

In this case, two sisters receive two-thirds indirectly.1

The shares of the spouses are indirect and one-fourth for

each from the inheritance. The share of the sisters will be

counted over the shares of the missing mother&siblings.

In the second stage, over the mother&siblings' property:2

Share of two sisters = 2/3 * (M * 1/2) � 8/24 * M

In the second stage, over the second half of the property:





Total: 8/24 + 3/24 + 3/24 + 3/24 + 3/24 = 20/24

Thus, 20/24 of the property has been shared by the

spouses and two sisters. 4/20 of the inheritance is left over.3

Up to the present, the speculations on the case of incorrect division, have basis on the

lack of usage in distinguishing the types of shares mentioned and used properly in all

of these three verses. The mentioned case, the types of shares are not a result of

interpretation, but a direct result of the verse literally. It is possible for everybody,

who can or cannot speak Arabic, to examine the composion differences in the verse

literally. 1 It is possible to answer the question : “why the shares of two sisters are not arranged

as a direct share?” in this way: Because, the verse inholds the possibilty of the

deceased to be man or woman. From this angle, the verse covers the two possibilities

and in this way, it is dual and pervious. See Example I. 2 M: The inheritance after payment of debt and will. 3 The absence of one of the spouses, will result in an increase from the inheritance.


128


129








Brothers of the Deceased (do not exist)

Sisters of the Deceased (if exist, receive their share)



In Status III, the Shares Received By the Heirs are As Follows:

Heirs Shares

Sisters of the deceased Two-thirds from the

property





ë

Status IV The Case of a Deceased without Children (State of

Kalalah) Having Left Brothers and Sisters

Part III, Status IV: The Case of a Deceased without Children Having Left Brothers and Sisters

133

�


m�nm��l��k��j��i��h��g��f��e�l��

And if they were siblings men and women, then to the male alike the share of the two females.








In the above section of the verse we dealed with, in

the case of a deceased having left brothers and sisters

behind, it is reported that they receive shares in a way that,

two women's shares are equal to a man's.

Here, a proportion for siblings is not mentioned. So,

they will receive what they find.

Example I


left a brother, two sisters and a husband. 1 See Part I, Status IV.


134

In this case, the share of the husband is half of the

property directly. The other half of the property falls to the

siblings. The siblings divides this inheritance in a way that

two women’s shares are equal to a man’s.


Share of the husband = 1/2 * M � 4/8 * M

The remaining part of the inheritance should be divided

between the siblings in a way that way that two women’s

shares are equal to a man’s.

Share of the brother = 2/4 * (M * 1/2) � 2/8 * M

Share of first sister = 1/4 * (M * 1/2) � 1/8 * M

Share of second sister = 1/4 * (M * 1/2) � 1/8 * M

Total: 4/8 + 2/8 + 1/8 + 1/8 = 8/8


between the husband and the brother and two sisters.2

Example II


left a brother, two sisters and four spouses behind.

In this case, the shares of the spouses are indirect

and one-fourth for each from the inheritance. The share to

be received by the brother&sisters is not limited. So, the

whole remnant from the missing heirs belongs to them.

1 M: The inheritance after payment of debt and will. 2 If a deceased woman does not have a husband behind, the whole property falls to the

siblings.


135


Share of the missing mother = 1/6 * M


(This shares shall be left for the brother&sisters)

This part of the inheritance should be divided between the

siblings in a way that way that two women’s shares are

equal to a man’s.









Total: 2/8 + 1/8 + 1/8 + 1/8 + 1/8 + 1/8 + 1/8= 8/8


between the spouses and brother&sisters of the deceased.

Example III


left a brother, two sisters and a wife behind.

In this case, the share of the wife is an indirect one

and it is one-fourth. The share to be received by the

brother&sisters is not limited. So, the whole remnant from

the missing heirs belongs to them.



136


Share of the missing mother = 1/6 * M


(This shares shall be left for the brother&sisters)

This part of the inheritance should be divided between the

siblings in a way that way that two women’s shares are

equal to a man’s.




In the second stage, over the second half of the property:

Share of the wife = 1/4 * (M * 1/2) � 4/32 * M

Siblings share also the remaining part of the inheritance.2

Share of first brother = 2/4 * (M * 3/8) � 6/32 * M



Total share of first brother = 8/32+6/32=14/32

Total share of first sister = 4/32+3/32=7/32

Total share of second sister = 4/32+3/32=7/32

Total: 14/32 + 7/32 + 7/32 + 4/32 = 32/32


between the wife and the siblings of the deceased.3

1 M: The inheritance after payment of debt and will. 2 No proportion is mentioned for the siblings in the verse; In this case, the siblings may

take what remains from the inheritance/heirs. 3 The case that shares of siblings have been issued as variable enabled the division of

inheritance to gain flexibility according to the possible number of spouses.


137



In Status IV, the Heirs Left by the Deceased are As Follows:





Brothers & Sisters of Deceased (if exist, receive their

share) Spouse/s of the Deceased (if one, receives


In Status IV, the Shares Received By the Heirs are As Follows:

Heirs Shares

Brothers & Sisters of Deceased

Unlimited





139

INHERITANCE TEMPLATES

� �

� �

141

Part I

INHERITANCE TEMPLATES FOR A DECEASED MAN

143

Basic Heirs Mentioned in the Inheritance Verses

1. Sons of the Deceased Man

2. Daughters of the Deceased Man

3. Parents of the Deceased Man

4. Brothers of the Deceased Man

5. Sisters of the Deceased Man

6. Wifes of the Deceased Man

There are six basic inheritance templates for the

deceased man. They shape according to the presence of the

heirs above. That is why, examine the related conditions in

an order by starting with the first template.1

1 Quantities on templates are proportional.

145

If The Deceased Man Has Got A Son,

Template 1

If The Deceased Hasn’t Got A Son, Go To The Template 2!


146

Active Heirs GROUP Shares Types

Sons of the Deceased 1 2 Direct

Daughters of the Deceased

1 1 Direct

Passive Heirs

Father of the Deceased

Mother of the Deceased

Brothers of the Deceased

Sisters of the Deceased

Wifes of the Deceased

In the template, the inheritance has been divided by

supposing the deceased man has got three sons and three

daughters. For the versions arranged for fewer children,

please look1 at the derivations of template 1.

1 Page: 211.

If The Deceased Man Has Got A Son, Template 1

147

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

2/9

1/9

2/9

1/9

2/9

1/9

1/9

2/9

1/9

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onA

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r

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ge

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on

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on

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R

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Y

� � � �

� � � �

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rA

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nA

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lk��j��i��h��gf��e��d��c

mA

llah I

s R

eco

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To T

he M

ale

Lik

e T

he S

hare

Of

Tw

o F

em

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s.

149

If The Deceased Man Has Got A Daughter,

Template 2

If The Deceased Hasn’t Got A Daughter, Go To The Template 3!


150



1 2/3 Direct


2 1/6 Indirect


2 1/6 Indirect

Wifes of the Deceased

3 1/8 Indirect

Passive Heirs




supposing the deceased has three daughters, parents and

four spouses. In order to see the heir versions by difference,

please look1 at the derivations of template 2.

1 Page: 225.

If The Deceased Man Has Got A Daughter, Template 2

151

FA

TH

ER

MO

TH

ER

32

/14

4

RE

MA

ININ

G

8/1

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RE

MA

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8

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: M

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R

l�©̈��§��¦��¥��¤��£��£��£��£��¢��¡��~��}��m

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ents

, to

eac

h o

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them

, th

e si

xth from

what

he

left,

if fo

r him

was

a c

hild

.

l�vu��t ttt��s��r��q��p��o��n��m��m

But

if th

ey w

ere

wom

en a

bov

e tw

o,th

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them

tw

o th

irds of

what

he

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l��po��n nnn��m��l��k��j��i��h��m

But

if th

ere

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you

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hild

,th

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them

the

eighth

from

what

you

left.

153

If The Deceased Man Has Got Parents,

Template 3

If The Deceased Hasn’t Got Parents, Go To The Template 4!


154


Father of the Deceased 2 Unlimited -


2 1/3 or1

1/6 Direct


4 1/6 Direct

Only sister of the deceased

4 1/6 Direct

Siblings of the Deceased

4 1/3 Direct

Wifes of the Deceased 3 1/4 Indirect

Passive Heirs

-


supposing the deceased man has parents, siblings and four

spouses. In order to see the heir versions by difference,

please look2 at the derivations of Template 3.

1 According to the ayah (Al-Nisa/12) there should be more than one sibling for to

reduce the share of the mother to 1/6. 2 Page: 299.

If The Deceased Man Has Got A Mother, Template 3

155

2nd

st

age

1/

41

/4

� � �

1st

st

age

2n

d W

ife

48

/14

42

4/1

44

1/

61

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1/

2

1/

4

4th

Wife

3rd

Wife

DE

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AS

ED

: M

AN

SIB

LIN

GS

MO

TH

ER

MO

TH

ER

SIB

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GS

� � �

� � �

� � �

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O

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R

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Y

1st

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� � �

18

/14

41

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44

18

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.

l�q��p��o��n��m��l��k��j��i�m

But

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.l�gf��e��d��c��b��a��`��_��̂�m

And t

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quar

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OT

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157

If The Deceased Man Has Got Brothers,

Template 4

If The Deceased Hasn’t Got Brothers, Go To The Template 5!


158



4 Unlimited -


Passive Heirs

-


supposing the deceased man has siblings and four spouses.

In order to see the heir versions by difference, please look1

at the derivations of Template 4.

1 Page: 321.

If The Deceased Man Has Got Brothers, Template 4

159

2n

d

sta

ge

1/

41

/4

� � �

1st

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� � �

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!

l�nm��l��k��j��i��h��g��f��e�m

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men

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ale

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are

of t

he

two

fem

ales

.

161

If The Deceased Man Has Got Sisters,

Template 5

If The Deceased Hasn’t Got Sisters, Go To The Template 6!


162


Sisters of the Deceased 4 2/3 Indirect


Pasif Varisler

-


supposing the deceased man has sisters and four spouses.



1 Page: 343.

If The Deceased Man Has Got Sisters, Template 5

163

18

/14

42

4/1

44

48

/14

4

RE

MA

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th W

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4

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: M

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� � �

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4

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ldc��b��a��`��_��^��]�m

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ales

,th

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he

two

thirds from

what

he

left.

165

If The Deceased Man Has Got Wifes,

Template 6


166



Passive Heirs

-


supposing the deceased man has four spouses. In order to

see the heir versions by difference, please look1 at the

derivations of Template 6.

1 Sayfa: 359.

If The Deceased Man Has Got Wifes, Template 6

167

72

/14

4

RE

MA

ININ

G

18

/14

41

8/1

44

18

/14

41

8/1

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d W

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4

DE

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: M

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OTHER

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� � �

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d

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4

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Wife

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Wife

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Wife

1/

41

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� � �

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if th

ere

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for

you

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hild

!

Part II

INHERITANCE TEMPLATES FOR A DECEASED WOMAN

Basic Heirs Mentioned in the Inheritance Verses

1. Sons of the Deceased

2. Daughters of the Deceased

3. Parents of the Deceased

4. Brothers of the Deceased

5. Sisters of the Deceased

6. Husband of the Deceased

There are six basic inheritance templates for the

deceased woman. They shape according to the presence of

the heirs above. That is why, examine the related conditions

in an order by starting with the first template.1

1 Quantities on templates are proportional.

If The Deceased Woman Has Got A Son,

Template 1

If The Deceased Hasn’t Got A Son, Go To The Template 2!


174


Sons of the Deceased 1 2 Direct


1 1 Direct

Passive Heirs





Husband of the Deceased


supposing the deceased woman has got three sons and

three daughters. For the versions arranged for fewer

children, please look1 at the derivations of template 1.

1 Page: 367.

If The Deceased Woman Has Got A Son, Template 1

175

DE

CE

AS

ED

: W

OM

AN

A S

on

A D

aughte

rA

Son

A D

aughte

rA

Son

A D

augh

ter

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

� � � �

� � � �

� � � �

� � � �

� � � �

A S

on

A D

aughte

r

1st

Sta

ge2/9

1/9

2/9

A S

on

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aughte

rA

Son

A D

augh

ter

2/9

1/9

2/9

1/9

2/9

1/9

1/9

2/9

1/9


m

Alla

h I

s R

eco

mm

end

ing Y

ou C

once

rnin

g Y

ou

r C

hild

ren:

To

Th

e M

ale

Lik

e T

he S

hare

Of

Tw

o F

em

ale

s.

177

If The Deceased Woman Has Got A Daughter,

Template 2

If The Deceased Hasn’t Got A Daughter, Go To The Template 3!


178



1 2/3 Direct

Father of the Deceased 2 1/6 Indirect


2 1/6 Indirect


2 1/4 Indirect

Passive Heirs




supposing the deceased woman has three daughters,

parents and a husband. In order to see the heir versions by

difference, please look1 at the derivations of template 2.

1 Page: 381.

If The Deceased Woman Has Got A Daughter, Template 2

179

� � �

� � �

MO

TH

ER

1st

st

age

2nd

stage

3 D

AU

GH

TE

RS

RE

MA

ININ

GH

US

BA

ND

1/

61

/6

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Y

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32

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144

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RA

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ED

: W

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/144

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8/1

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/7

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144

� � �

l�©¨��§��¦��¥��¤��£��£��£��£��¢��¡��~��}��m

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, th

e s

ixth

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wha

t h

e le

ft,

if fo

r h

im w

as

a c

hild

.


Bu

t if

the

y w

ere

wo

me

n a

bo

ve t

wo

,th

en

fo

r th

em

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o t

hird

s of

wh

at

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.

lUT��S ��S��S��S��R��Q��P��O��N��M�m

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t if

the

re w

as

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ch

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n t

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e q

uart

er from

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at

the

y le

ft.

181

If The Deceased Woman Has Got A Mother,

Template 3

If The Deceased Hasn’t Got A Mother, Go To The Template 4!


182


Father of the Deceased 2 Unlimited -


2 1/3 or1

1/6 Direct


4 1/6 Direct

Only sister of the deceased

4 1/6 Direct


4 1/3 Direct


2 1/2 Direct

Passive Heirs

-


supposing the deceased woman has parents, siblings and a

husband. In order to see the heir versions by difference,

please look2 at the derivations of Template 3.

1 According to the ayah (Al-Nisa/12) there should be more than one sibling for to

reduce the share of the mother to 1/6. 2 Page: 413.

If The Deceased Woman Has Got A Mother, Template 3

183

DE

CE

AS

ED

: W

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AN

HU

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AN

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GS

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ER

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144

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.

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t if

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y w

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re t

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at,

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n t

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rtne

rs in

the third

.

lK��J��I��H��G��F

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nd

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yo

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!

185

If The Deceased Woman Has Got Brothers,

Template 4

If The Deceased Hasn’t Got Brothers, Go To The Template 5!


186



4 Unlimited -


2 1/2 Direct

Passive Heirs

-


supposing the deceased woman has siblings and a husband.



1 Page: 423.

If The Deceased Woman Has Got Brothers, Template 4

187

DE

CE

AS

ED

: W

OM

AN

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

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st

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21

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OT

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ER

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ING

HU

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144

72/1

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as

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iblin

gs

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n a

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me

n,

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n t

o th

e m

ale

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e th

e s

ha

re o

f th

e t

wo

fem

ale

s.

189

If The Deceased Woman Has Got Sisters,

Template 5

If The Deceased Hasn’t Got Sisters, Go To The Template 6!


190



2 ½ Direct

Sisters of the Deceased 4 2/3 Indirect

Pasif Varisler

-


supposing the deceased woman has sisters and a husband.



1 Page: 435.

If The Deceased Woman Has Got Sisters, Template 5

191

1st

st

age

1/

3

RE

MA

ININ

GS

IST

ER

S

2n

d

sta

ge

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CE

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ED

: W

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HU

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3

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P R

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Y

HU

SB

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2/14

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4/14

4

� � �

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s n

ot

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the

m a

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en

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wh

at

he

left

.

193

If The Deceased Woman Has Got Husband,

Template 6


194



2 1/2 Direct

Passive Heirs

-


supposing the deceased woman has a husband.

If The Deceased Woman Has Got Husband, Template 6

195

P R

O

P

E

R

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Y

DE

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AS

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: W

OM

AN

HU

SB

AN

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� � �

1st

st

age

1/

21

/2

72/1

44

72/1

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2nd

st

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RE

MA

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GH

US

BA

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RE

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r th

em

a c

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!

197

Templates Derivations

� �

� �

199

Part I

TEMPLATES DERİVATİONS FOR A DECEASED MAN

201

Derivations Of Template 1

Templates Derivations For A Deceased Man, Template 1

203

1st S

tage

A S

on

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

2/8

2/8

2/8

2/8

1/8

2/8

1/8

2/8

A S

on

A D

aug

hte

rA

Son

A D

aughte

r

A S

on

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

� � � �

� � � �

� � � �

� � � �

1/8

1/8

A S

on

A D

aug

hte

rA

Son

A D

aughte

r


m

Alla

h I

s R

eco

mm

end

ing Y

ou

Co

nce

rnin

g Y

ou

r C

hild

ren:

To T

he

Male

Lik

e T

he S

hare

Of

Tw

o F

em

ale

s.


204

2/7

2/71

/72

/7

A S

on

A S

on

A D

aug

hter

A S

onA

So

n

2/71

/72

/72

/7

1st S

tage

A S

on

A D

aug

hter

A S

on

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

� � � �

� � � �

� � � �

P R

O P

E R

T Y


m

Alla

h Is R

eco

mm

endin

g Y

ou

Conce

rnin

g Y

our C

hild

ren:

To T

he M

ale

Like

The S

hare

Of T

wo

Fem

ale

s.


205

1st

Sta

ge

A S

on

A S

on

A S

on

1/3

1/3

1/3

� � � �

� � � �

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

A S

on

A S

on

A S

on

1/3

1/3

1/3

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y


m

Alla

h I

s R

eco

mm

end

ing

Yo

u C

on

cern

ing Y

ou

r C

hild

ren

: T

o T

he

Ma

le L

ike T

he

Sha

re O

f T

wo F

em

ale

s.


206

A S

on

� � � �

� � � �

� � � �

A D

au

ghte

r

1st S

tage

2/71/7

2/71

/7

2/72/7

1/7

1/7

A S

on

A S

on

A D

aug

hte

rA

Dau

ghter

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

A D

aug

hte

rA

Dau

ghter

A D

au

ghte

r

P R

O P

E R

T Y

1/7

1/7

A S

on

� � � �


m

Alla

h Is R

eco

mm

en

din

g Y

ou C

once

rnin

g Y

our C

hild

ren:

To T

he M

ale

Like

The S

ha

re O

f Tw

o F

em

ale

s.


207

1st

Sta

ge

A S

on

A D

aughte

r

2/5

1/5

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

1/5

1/5

1/5

1/5

A D

aughte

rA

Daugh

ter

A S

on

A D

aughte

rA

Dau

ghte

rA

Daugh

ter

2/5

1/5

� � � �

� � � �

� � � �


m

Alla

h Is

Reco

mm

en

din

g Y

ou

Con

cern

ing Y

our

Child

ren

: T

o T

he M

ale

Lik

e T

he

Sha

re O

f T

wo F

em

ale

s.


208

1st S

tage

P R

O P

E R

T Y

1/62

/62/6

1/6

2/6

1/62/6

1/6

A S

on

A D

augh

terA

Son

A D

aughter

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

A S

on

A D

augh

terA

Son

A D

aughter

� � � �

� � � �

� � � �


m

Alla

h Is R

eco

mm

en

din

g Y

ou

Co

nce

rnin

g Y

ou

r Ch

ildre

n:

To

Th

e M

ale

Like

Th

e S

ha

re O

f Tw

o F

em

ale

s.


209

1st S

tage

A S

on

A D

aughte

r

A S

on

A D

aughte

rA

Son

2/5

1/5

2/5

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

A S

on

� � � �

� � � �

1/5

2/5

2/5


m

Alla

h I

s R

eco

mm

en

din

g Y

ou

Con

cern

ing

You

r C

hild

ren

: T

o T

he M

ale

Lik

e T

he S

ha

re O

f Tw

o F

em

ale

s.


210

1st S

tage

A S

on

A S

on

1/2

1/2

1/2

1/2

A S

on

A S

on

� � � �

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

P R

O P

E R

T Y


m

Alla

h Is R

eco

mm

en

din

g Y

ou C

once

rnin

g Y

ou

r Child

ren

: T

o T

he

Ma

le L

ike T

he S

ha

re O

f Tw

o F

em

ale

s.


211

1st

Sta

ge

A S

on

A D

augh

ter

A D

aug

hte

r

1/4

1/4

2/4

� � � �

� � � �

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

A S

on

A D

augh

ter

A D

aug

hte

r

1/4

1/4

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

2/4


m

Alla

h I

s R

eco

mm

en

din

g Y

ou

Co

nce

rnin

g Y

ou

r C

hild

ren

: T

o T

he

Ma

le L

ike

Th

e S

ha

re O

f T

wo

Fe

ma

les.


212

1st S

tage

� � � �

1/3

2/3

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

A S

on

A D

aughte

r

A S

on

A D

aughte

r

P R

O P

E R

T Y

2/3

1/3


m

Alla

h Is R

eco

mm

en

din

g Y

ou C

once

rnin

g Y

ou

r Child

ren

: T

o T

he

Ma

le L

ike T

he S

ha

re O

f Tw

o F

em

ale

s.


213

A S

on

1st

Sta

ge

A S

on

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y


m

Alla

h I

s R

eco

mm

en

din

g Y

ou

Con

cern

ing

Yo

ur

Ch

ildre

n:

To

Th

e M

ale

Lik

e T

he

Sh

are

Of

Tw

o F

em

ale

s.

215



217

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

8/1

44

8/1

44

FA

TH

ER

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

1/

3

1/

8

2n

dW

ife

2 D

AU

GH

TE

RS

2/

3

1/

61

/6

MO

TH

ER

� � �

� � �

� � �

� � � 1/

8

3rd

Wife

6/1

44

� � �

� � �

1/

8

1st

Wife

6/1

44

1st

Wife

3rd

Wife

48

/14

44

8/1

44

A D

AU

GH

TE

RA

DA

UG

HT

ER

6/1

44

2n

dW

ifeF

AT

HE

RM

OT

HE

R

RE

MA

ININ

G

8/1

44

RE

MA

ININ

G

� � � 1/

8

4th

Wife

6/1

44

4th

Wife

l�©̈��§��¦��¥��¤��£��£��£��£��¢��¡��~��}��m

And t

o his

par

ents

, to

eac

h o

ne

from

them

, th

e si

xth from

what

he

left,

if fo

r him

was

a c

hild

.


But

if th

ey w

ere

wom

en a

bov

e tw

o,th

en for

them

tw

o th

irds of

what

he

left.


But

if th

ere

was

for

you

a c

hild

,th

en for

them

the

eighth

from

what

you

left.


218

9/1

44

1st

Wife

9/14

4

2n

dW

ifeR

EM

AIN

ING

12

/14

4

3rd

Wife

9/144

3rd

Wife

1st

stag

e

2n

d

stag

e

RE

MA

ININ

G

� � �

1/

8

1st

Wife

2n

dW

ife

� � �

1/

81

/6

A D

AU

GH

TE

R

1/

6

� � �

� � �

� � �

1/

8

FA

TH

ER

MO

TH

ER

A D

AU

GH

TE

R

MO

TH

ER

FA

TH

ER

12

/14

41

2/1

44

72

/14

4

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

� � �

1/

21

/2

P R

O P

E R

T Y

4th

Wife

� � �

1/

8

4th

Wife

9/14

4

l�©̈��§��¦��¥��¤��£��£��£��£��¢��¡��~��}��m

And to his p

arents, to each

one from

them

, th

e sixth fro

m w

hat h

e left, if for him

was a ch

ild.

l�|{��z��y��x��w�m

And if sh

e was on

e,th

en for h

er the half .

l��po��nnn n��m��l��k��j��i��h��m

But if there w

as for you a child

,th

en for them

the eig

hth fro

m w

hat you

left.


219

4th

Wife

32

/14

4

A D

AU

GH

TE

R2

nd

Wife

RE

MA

ININ

G

16

/14

4

RE

MA

ININ

G

2n

dW

ife

6/1

44

4th

Wife

6/1

44

6/1

44

3rd

Wife

32

/14

43

2/1

44

2/

3

� � �

� � �

� � �

� � �

FA

TH

ER

8/1

44

6/1

44

1st

Wife

1st

Wife

1st

st

ag

e

2n

d

sta

ge

3 D

AU

GH

TE

RS

1/

8

3rd

Wife

1/

81

/8

A D

AU

GH

TE

RA

DA

UG

HT

ER

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

� � �

FA

TH

ER

P R

O

P

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R

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1/

3

1/

6

� � � 1/

8

l�©̈��§��¦��¥��¤��£��£��£��£��¢��¡��~��}��m

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to

his

par

ents

, to

eac

h o

ne

from

them

, th

e si

xth from

what

he

left,

if fo

r him

was

a c

hild

.


But

if th

ey w

ere

wom

en a

bov

e tw

o,th

en for

them

tw

o th

irds of

what

he

left.


But

if t

her

e w

as for

you

a c

hild

,th

en for

them

the

eighth

from

what

you

left.


220

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

� � �

FA

TH

ER

P R

O P

E R

T Y

1/

3

1/

6

� � �1/

8

1st

Wife

1st

stag

e

2n

d

stag

e

2 D

AU

GH

TE

RS

FA

TH

ER

8/1

44

6/1

44

1st

Wife

48

/14

44

8/1

44

A D

AU

GH

TE

R

2/

3

� � �

� � �

A D

AU

GH

TE

R

� � �1/

8

3rd

Wife

6/1

44

3rd

Wife

2n

dW

ife

RE

MA

ININ

G

16

/14

4

RE

MA

ININ

G

� � �1/

8

2n

dW

ife

6/1

44

1/

8

4th

Wife

6/1

44

4th

Wife

l�©̈��§��¦��¥��¤��£��£��£��£��¢��¡��~��}��m

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to his p

arents, to each

one from

them

, th

e sixth fro

m w

hat he left, if for h

im w

as a child

.

l�vu��ttt t��s��r��q��p��o��n��m��m

But if th

ey were w

omen

above tw

o,th

en for th

em tw

o third

s of w

hat h

e left.


But if th

ere was for you

a child,

then

for them

the eig

hth

from

what you left.


221

FA

TH

ER

A D

AU

GH

TE

R

� � �

1st

stage

2nd

st

age

1/

6

� � �

FA

TH

ER

1/

8

2nd

Wife

� � �

1/

8

3rd

Wife

A D

AU

GH

TE

R

12/1

44

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

� � �

1/

21

/2

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

1st

Wife

3rd

Wife

72

/14

4

� � �

1/

8

1st

Wife

9/1

44

2nd

Wife

9/1

44

9/1

44

RE

MA

ININ

G

24/1

44

RE

MA

ININ

G4

thW

ife

� � �

1/

8

4th

Wife

9/1

44

l�©̈��§��¦��¥��¤��£��£��£��£��¢��¡��~��}��m

And t

o his

par

ents

, to

eac

h o

ne

from

them

, th

e si

xth from

what

he

left,

if fo

r him

was

a c

hild

.

l�|{��z��y��x��w�m

And

if sh

e w

as o

ne,

then

for

her

the half

.


But

if th

ere

was

for

you

a c

hild

,th

en fo

r th

em t

he

eighth

from

what

you

left.


222

4th

Wife

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

� � �

MO

TH

ER

P R

O P

E R

T Y

1/

3

1/

6

� � �1/

8

1st

stage

2nd

sta

ge

� � �1/

8

3rd

Wife

1/

8

4th

Wife

32

/14

43

2/1

44

1st

Wife

RE

MA

ININ

G

6/1

44

16

/14

4

RE

MA

ININ

G

2/

3

� � �

� � �

3 D

AU

GH

TE

RS

MO

TH

ER

� � �1/

8

2n

dW

ife

6/1

44

A D

AU

GH

TE

RA

DA

UG

HT

ER

A D

AU

GH

TE

R

6/1

44

3rd

Wife

2n

dW

ife

8/1

44

6/1

44

1st

Wife

32

/144

l�©̈��§��¦��¥��¤��£��£��£��£��¢��¡��~��}��m

And to h

is paren

ts, to each on

e from th

em,

the sixth

from

what h

e left, if for him

was a ch

ild.


But if th

ey were w

omen

above tw

o,then

for them

two th

irds o

f what h

e left.


But if th

ere was for you

a child

,th

en for th

em th

e eighth

from

what you

left.


223

6/1

44

3rd

Wife

� � � 1/

8

2n

dW

ife

6/1

44

2n

dW

ife

16

/14

4

RE

MA

ININ

G

2/

3

� � �

� � �

48/1

44

A D

AU

GH

TE

R

2 D

AU

GH

TE

RS

MO

TH

ER

8/1

44

6/1

44

1st

Wife

48

/14

4

A D

AU

GH

TE

R

1st

Wife

RE

MA

ININ

G

1st

stage

2nd

st

age

� � � 1/

8

3rd

Wife

1/

8

4th

Wife

6/1

44

4th

Wife

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

� � �

MO

TH

ER

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

1/

3

1/

6

� � � 1/

8

l�©̈��§��¦��¥��¤��£��£��£��£��¢��¡��~��}��m

And t

o his

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ents

, to

eac

h o

ne

from

them

, th

e si

xth from

what

he

left,

if fo

r him

was

a c

hild

.


But

if th

ey w

ere

wom

en a

bov

e tw

o,th

en for

them

tw

o th

irds of

what

he

left.


But

if t

her

e w

as for

you

a c

hild

,th

en for

them

the

eighth

from

what

you

left.


224

2n

dW

ife

9/144

9/14

4

1st

Wife

� � �1/

8

1st

Wife

9/14

4

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

� � �

1/

21

/2

P R

O P

E R

T Y

72

/14

4

MO

TH

ER

A D

AU

GH

TE

R

12

/14

4

1st

stag

e

2n

d

stag

e1

/6

� � �

MO

TH

ER

1/

8

2n

dW

ife

� � �1/

8

3rd

Wife

A D

AU

GH

TE

R

� � �

� � �

1/

8

4th

Wife

9/144

4th

Wife

3rd

Wife

24

/14

4

RE

MA

ININ

G

RE

MA

ININ

G

l�©̈��§��¦��¥��¤��£��£��£��£��¢��¡��~��}��m

And to h

is paren

ts, to each one from

them

, th

e sixth fro

m w


im w

as a child.

l�|{��z��y��x��w�m

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241

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ild.


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omen

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o,then

for them

two th

irds o

f what h

e left.


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ere was for you

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,th

en for th

em th

e eighth

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what you

left.


259

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.


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o,th

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them

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o th

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260

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266

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267

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268

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269

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270

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8

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But if th

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271

1A

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272

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l�|{��z��y��x��w�m

And if sh

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273

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1/

8

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274

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275

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.

277



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l»��º�¹��¸��¶��µ

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l�q��p��o��n��m��l��k��j��i�m

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o th

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!N

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280

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l�q��p��o

��n��m��l��k��j��i�m

But if they w

ere more th

an th

at,then

they are partners in th

e th

ird.

l�gf��e��d��c��b��a

��`��_��̂�m

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to them

the quarter fro

m w

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left,if th

ere was n

ot for you a ch

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mB

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him

,th

en to his m

other th

e third

.


281

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2n

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l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

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th

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was

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d h

is p

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ts in

heri

ted

him

,th

en t

o h

is m

oth

er the third

.

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��l��hg��f��e��d��c��b��a��`

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if h

e w

as a

man

to

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her

ited

as a

Kal

ale

or a

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an,

and

for

him

is a

bro

ther

, or

a s

iste

r,th

en t

o ea

ch o

ne f

rom

the

m the sixth

.

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to

them

th

e q

uart

er from

wha

t yo

u le

ft,if

ther

e w

as n

ot f

or y

ou a

ch

ild!

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282

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2nd

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284

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285

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o hi

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e th

ird.


286

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287

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288

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e third

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289

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his

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third

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290

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292

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e third

.


293

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294

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295

A B

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if th

ere

was

not

for

him

a c

hild

,an

d hi

s par

ents

inher

ited h

im,

then

to

his

mot

her

the third

.

_��~��}��|��{��z��y�m

��l��hg��f��e��d��c��b��a��`

And if

he

was

a m

an t

o be

inher

ited

as a

Kal

ale

or a

wom

an,

and for

him

is a

bro

ther

, or

a s

iste

r,th

en t

o ea

ch o

ne

from

them

the sixth

.

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut

if th

ere

was

not

for

him

a c

hild

,an

d h

is p

aren

ts in

her

ited

him

,th

en t

o hi

s m

other

the

third.


308

RE

MA

ININ

GF

AT

HE

R

72

/14

42

4/1

44

A S

IST

ER

1/

3

NO M

OTHER

RE

MA

ININ

GF

AT

HE

R

1st

stage

2nd

sta

ge

1/

61

/2

RE

MA

ININ

G

FA

TH

ER

A S

IST

ER

RE

MA

ININ

G

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

� � �

� � �

P R

O P

E R

T Y

48

/14

4

FA

TH

ER

_��~��}

��|��{��z��y�m

��l��hg��f��e��d��c��b��a��`

And if h

e was a m

an to b

e inh

erited as a K

alale or a wom

an,

and for h

im is a b


then

to each on

e from th

em th

e sixth

.

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut if th

ere was n

ot for him

a child

,an

d h

is paren

ts inherited

him

,th

en to h

is moth

er the th

ird.

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut if th

ere was n

ot for him

a child

,an

d h

is paren

ts inherited

him

,th

en to h

is moth

er the th

ird.


309

2nd

st

age

1/

41

/4

� � �

1st

st

age

2nd W

ife

48/1

44

24/

144

1/

61

/3

1/

2

1/

4

4th

Wife

3rd

Wife

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

SIB

LIN

GS

MO

TH

ER

MO

TH

ER

SIB

LIN

GS

� � �

� � �

� � �

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

1st

Wife

� � �

18/1

44

18/1

44

18/

144

1/

4

18/1

44

4th

Wife

3rd

Wife

2nd W

ife

1st

Wife

l»��º�¹��̧�¶��µ

mB

ut

if si

blin

gs

were

fo

r h

im,

then

to

his

mo

the

r the sixth

.

lq��p��o��n��m��l��k��j��i�m

Bu

t if

the

y w

ere

mo

re t

han

th

at,

the

n t

hey

are

pa

rtne

rs in

the third

.l�gf��e��d��c��b��a��̀�_��̂m

An

d to

th

em

th

e q

ua

rte

r from

wh

at

you le

ft,

if th

ere

wa

s n

ot fo

r yo

u a

ch

ild!


310

A B

RO

TH

ER

MO

TH

ER

1st W

ife2

nd

Wife

18

/14

4

1st W

ife

18

/14

4

4th

Wife

3rd

Wife

2n

d W

ife

4th

Wife

3rd

Wife

1/

41

/4

MO

TH

ER

24

/14

44

8/1

44

� � �

1/

4

� � �

18

/14

41

8/1

44

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

� � �

� � �

P R

O P

E R

T Y

A B

RO

TH

ER

1st

stage

2nd

sta

ge

1/

61

/2

1/

3

1/

4

� � �

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut if th

ere was n

ot for him

a child

,an

d h

is paren

ts inherited

him

,th

en to h

is moth

er the th

ird.

_��~��}

��|��{��z��y�m

��l��hg��f��e��d��c��b��a��`

And

if he w

as a man

to be in

herited

as a Kalale or a w

oman

,an

d for h

im is a b


then

to each on

e from th

em th

e sixth

.


��`��_��̂�m

And to th

em th

e quarter fro

m w

hat you

left,if th

ere was n

ot for you a ch

ild!


311

A S

IST

ER

1st

st

age

2nd

st

age

1/

61

/2

1/

3

1/

4

� � �

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

� � �

� � �

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

MO

TH

ER

24

/14

44

8/1

44

� � �

1/

4

� � �

18

/14

41

8/1

44

4th

Wife

3rd

Wife

1/

41

/4

18

/14

4

4th

Wife

3rd

Wife

2n

d W

ifeA

SIS

TE

RM

OT

HE

R

1st

Wife

2n

d W

ife

18

/14

4

1st

Wife

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut

if th

ere

was

not

for

him

a c

hild

,an

d h

is p

aren

ts in

her

ited h

im,

then

to

his

mot

her

the third

.

_��~��}��|��{��z��y�m

��l��hg��f��e��d��c��b��a��`

And

if h

e w

as a

man

to

be

inher

ited

as

a K

alal

e or

a w

oman

,an

d for

him

is a

bro

ther

, or

a s

iste

r,th

en t

o ea

ch o

ne

from

them

the sixth

.

l�gf��e��d��c��b��a��`��_��̂�m

And t

o th

em t

he

quar

ter from

what

you

left,

if th

ere

was

not

for

you

a c

hild

!


312

2n

d

stag

e1

/4

1/

4

� � �

1st

stag

e

2n

d W

ife

1/

61

/3

1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

GM

OT

HE

R

4th

Wife

3rd

Wife

1st W

ife

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

� � �

� � �

� � �

P R

O P

E R

T Y

� � �

1/

4

NO SIBLING

MO

TH

ER

1/

4

72

/14

4

MO

TH

ER

18

/14

4

4th

Wife

3rd

Wife

2n

d W

ife1

st Wife

18

/14

41

8/1

44

18

/14

4


��`��_��̂�m

And to th

em th

e quarter fro

m w

hat you

left,if th

ere was n

ot for you a ch

ild!

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut if there w

as not for h

im a ch

ild,

and h

is paren

ts inherited

him

,th

en to h

is moth

er the th

ird.


313

2n

d W

ife1

st W

ife

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

SIB

LIN

GS

MO

TH

ER

MO

TH

ER

SIB

LIN

GS

� � �

� � �

24

/14

4

1/

61

/3

1/

2

1/

4

RE

MA

ININ

G

48

/14

41

8/1

44

1st

st

ag

e

2n

d W

ife

� � �

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

� � �

� � �

18

/14

4

1/

4

18

/14

4

3rd

Wife

1st

Wife

MO

TH

ER

2n

d

stag

e1

/4

1/

4

MO

TH

ER

RE

MA

ININ

G3

rd W

ife

18

/14

4

l»��º�¹��¸��¶��µ

mB

ut

if si

blin

gs

wer

e fo

r him

,th

en t

o his

mot

her

the sixth

.

l�q��p��o��n��m��l��k��j��i�m

But

if t

hey

wer

e m

ore

than

that

,th

en t

hey

are

par

tner

s in

the third

.

l�gf��e��d��c��b��a��`��_��̂�m

And t

o th

em t

he

quar

ter from

what

you

left,

if th

ere

was

not

for

you

a c

hild

!

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut

if th

ere

was

not

for

him

a c

hild

,an

d h

is p

aren

ts in

her

ited h

im,

then

to

his

mot

her

the

third.


314

MO

TH

ER

1st

sta

ge

2n

d W

ife

48

/14

41

8/1

44

1/

4

18

/14

4

2nd

sta

ge

2n

d W

ife1

st Wife

24

/14

4

1/

61

/3

1/

2

1/

4

1st W

ife

� � �

2/

4

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

SIB

LIN

GS

MO

TH

ER

MO

TH

ER

SIB

LIN

GS

� � �

� � �

� � �

P R

O P

E R

T Y

RE

MA

ININ

GM

OT

HE

R

RE

MA

ININ

G

36

/14

4

l»��º�¹��¸��¶��µ

mB

ut if sib

ling

s were for h

im,

then to

his m

oth

er th

e sixth

.

l�q��p��o

��n��m��l��k��j��i�m

But if th

ey were

more

than

that,

then

they are

partn

ers in th

e th

ird.


��̀�_��̂�m

An

d to th

em th

e qu

arter fro

m w

hat you

left,

if there w

as not for you

a child

!

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut if th

ere w

as not for h

im a

child

,and

his p

arents in

herite

d h

im,

then

to h

is moth

er th

e third

.


315

1st

Wife

54

/14

4

RE

MA

ININ

G

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

SIB

LIN

GS

MO

TH

ER

MO

TH

ER

SIB

LIN

GS

� � �

� � �

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y 4

8/1

44

24

/14

4

1/

4

1st

Wife

18

/14

4

MO

TH

ER

1/

61

/3

1/

2

� � �

MO

TH

ER

2n

d

stag

e

1st

st

ag

e

3/

4

RE

MA

ININ

G

l»��º�¹��¸��¶��µ

mB

ut

if si

blin

gs

wer

e fo

r him

,th

en t

o his

mot

her

the sixth

.

l�q��p��o��n��m��l��k��j��i�m

But

if t

hey

wer

e m

ore

than

that

,th

en t

hey

are

par

tner

s in

the third

.

l�gf��e��d��c��b��a��̀�_��̂�m

And t

o th

em t

he

quar

ter from

what

you

left,

if th

ere

was

not

for

you

a c

hild

!

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut

if th

ere

was

not

for

him

a c

hild

,an

d h

is p

aren

ts in

her

ited h

im,

then

to

his

mot

her

the

third.


316

2nd

stag

e

1st

stag

e

RE

MA

ININ

G

RE

MA

ININ

G

48

/14

42

4/1

44

1/

61

/3

1/

2

72

/14

4

MO

TH

ER

MO

TH

ER

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

SIB

LIN

GS

MO

TH

ER

MO

TH

ER

SIB

LIN

GS

� � �

� � �

P R

O P

E R

T Y

l»��º�¹��¸��¶��µ

mB

ut if sibling

s were for h

im,

then

to his m

other th

e sixth

.

l�q��p��o

��n��m��l��k��j��i�m

But if th

ey were m

ore than th

at,then th

ey are partn

ers in the th

ird.

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut if th

ere was not for him

a child

,and

his paren

ts inherited

him

,th

en to h

is moth

er the third.


317

RE

MA

ININ

G3

rd W

ife2

nd

Wife

1st

Wife

A B

RO

TH

ER

MO

TH

ER

1st

Wife

2n

d W

ife

18

/14

4

3rd

Wife

18

/14

4

1/

41

/4

MO

TH

ER

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

� � �

� � �

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

1st

st

age

2n

d

stage

1/

61

/2

1/

4

� � �

� � �

1/

4

� � �

RE

MA

ININ

G

MO

TH

ER

A B

RO

TH

ER

1/

3

MO

TH

ER

24

/14

44

8/1

44

18

/14

41

8/1

44

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut

if th

ere

was

not

for

him

a c

hild

,an

d h

is p

aren

ts in

her

ited

him

,th

en t

o hi

s m

other

the third

.

_��~��}��|��{��z��y�m

��l��hg��f��e��d��c��b��a��`

And

if he

was

a m

an t

o be

inher

ited a

s a

Kal

ale

or a

wom

an,

and for

him

is a

bro

ther

, or

a s

iste

r,th

en t

o ea

ch o

ne

from

them

the sixth

.

l�gf��e��d��c��b��a��̀�_��̂�m

And

to t

hem

the

quar

ter from

what

you

left,

if th

ere

was

not

for

you

a c

hild

!

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut

if th

ere

was

not

for

him

a c

hild

,an

d h

is p

aren

ts in

her

ited h

im,

then

to

his

mot

her

the

third.


318

A B

RO

TH

ER

1st

stage

2n

d

stage

1/

61

/2

1/

3

1/

4

� � �

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

� � �

� � �

P R

O P

E R

T Y

1st W

ife

2/

41

/4

MO

TH

ER

24

/14

44

8/1

44

� � �1

8/1

44

MO

TH

ER

MO

TH

ER

A B

RO

TH

ER

MO

TH

ER

1st W

ifeR

EM

AIN

ING

2n

d W

ife

36

/14

41

8/1

44

RE

MA

ININ

G2

nd

Wife

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut if th

ere was n

ot for him

a child

,an

d h

is paren

ts inherited h

im,

then

to his moth

er the th

ird.

_��~��}

��|��{��z��y�m

��l��hg��f��e��d��c��b��a��`

And if h

e was a m

an to b

e inherited

as a Kalale or a w

oman

,an

d for h

im is a b


then to each

one from

them

the sixth

.


��`��_��̂�m

And to th

em th

e quarter fro

m w

hat you

left,if th

ere was n

ot for you a ch

ild!

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut if th

ere was n

ot for him

a child

,an

d h

is paren

ts inherited

him

,th

en to h

is mother th

e third

.


319

RE

MA

ININ

G1

st W

ife

RE

MA

ININ

G1

st W

ife

54

/14

41

8/1

44

MO

TH

ER

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

� � �

� � �

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

1st

st

age

2nd

st

age

1/

61

/2

1/

4

� � �

3/

4

MO

TH

ER

A B

RO

TH

ER

1/

3

MO

TH

ER

24

/14

44

8/1

44

A B

RO

TH

ER

MO

TH

ER

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut

if th

ere

was

not

for

him

a c

hild

,an

d h

is p

aren

ts in

her

ited h

im,

then

to

his

mot

her

the third

.

_��~��}��|��{��z��y�m

��l��hg��f��e��d��c��b��a��`

And if

he

was

a m

an t

o be

inh

erite

d a

s a

Kal

ale

or a

wom

an,

and for

him

is a

bro

ther

, or

a s

iste

r,th

en t

o ea

ch o

ne

from

them

the sixth

.

l�gf��e��d��c��b��a��`��_��̂�m

And t

o th

em t

he

quar

ter from

what

you

left,

if th

ere

was

not

for

you

a c

hild

!

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut

if th

ere

was

not

for

him

a c

hild

,an

d h

is p

aren

ts in

her

ited h

im,

then

to

his

mot

her

the

third.


320

A B

RO

TH

ER

1st

stage

2n

d

stage

1/

61

/2

1/

3

MO

TH

ER

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

� � �

� � �

P R

O P

E R

T Y

24

/14

44

8/1

44

A B

RO

TH

ER

MO

TH

ER

MO

TH

ER

RE

MA

ININ

G

72

/14

4

RE

MA

ININ

GM

OT

HE

R

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut if th

ere was n

ot for him

a child

,an

d h

is paren

ts inherited h

im,

then

to his moth

er the th

ird.

_��~��}

��|��{��z��y�m

��l��hg��f��e��d��c��b��a��`

And if h

e was a m

an to b

e inherited

as a Kalale or a w

oman

,an

d for h

im is a b


then to each

one from

them

the sixth

.

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut if th

ere was n

ot for him

a child

,an

d h

is parents in

herited

him

,th

en to h

is moth

er the th

ird.


321

MO

TH

ER

A S

IST

ER

1/

3

MO

TH

ER

24

/14

44

8/1

44

18

/14

41

8/1

44

1st

st

age

2n

d

stage

1/

61

/2

1/

4

� � �

� � �

1/

4

� � �

RE

MA

ININ

G

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

� � �

� � �

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

3rd

Wife

18

/14

4

1/

41

/4

MO

TH

ER

A S

IST

ER

MO

TH

ER

1st

Wife

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ife

18

/14

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MA

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Wife

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Wife

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

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ut

if th

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him

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hild

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him

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other

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him

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ther

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hem

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im,

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his

mot

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third.


322

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TH

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TH

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1st W

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MA

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TH

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� � �1

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TH

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N

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O P

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3

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4

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l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

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then

to each on

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m w

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ild!

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ird.


323

MO

TH

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A S

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1/

3

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TH

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24

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MO

TH

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st

age

2n

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stage

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4

� � �

3/

4

DE

CE

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AN

� � �

� � �

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O

P

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MA

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MO

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l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

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ere

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him

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hild

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other

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ale

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him

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ther

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them

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And t

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ter from

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im,

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his

mot

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third.


324

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TH

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MA

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HE

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TH

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3

MO

TH

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l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

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ere was n

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him

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and for h

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ere was n

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ird.


325

MO

TH

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18

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MA

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G3

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1st

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/14

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TH

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2

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st

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qua

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from

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ther

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im,

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his

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her

the third

.


326

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TH

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� � �

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MA

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G

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� � �

� � �

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NO SIBLING

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TH

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ife

� � �

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4

18

/14

4

2n

d W

ife1

st Wife

36

/14

4

RE

MA

ININ

G

18

/14

4


��`��_��̂�m

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mB

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327

MO

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54

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18

/14

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Wife

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TH

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Wife

� � �

1/

4

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TH

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AN

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2

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MA

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them

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ere

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you

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ther

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r him

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hild

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is p

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ts in

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ited h

im,

then

to

his

mot

her

the third

.


328

MO

TH

ER

MO

TH

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14

4/1

44

MO

TH

ER

2n

d

stag

e

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stag

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MA

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G

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61

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2

RE

MA

ININ

G

DE

CE

AS

ED

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N

� � �

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T Y

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MO

TH

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l´³��²��±��°��¯��®��¬��«��ª

mB

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ere was n

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ild,

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him

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ird.


329

18

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4th

Wife

3rd

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2n

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/14

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1/

4

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MA

ININ

G

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TH

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� � �

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4

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61

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2

� � �

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sta

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1/

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l�gf��e��d��c��b��a��̀�_��̂�m

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ere

was

not

for

you

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ild!

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ere

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him

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is p

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ts in

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im,

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to

his

mot

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is p

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im,

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to

his

mot

her

the

thi

rd.


330

2n

d

stag

e1

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1/

4

� � �

1st

stag

e

2n

d W

ife

1/

4

4th

Wife

3rd

Wife

1st W

ife

1/

61

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2

RE

MA

ININ

G

DE

CE

AS

ED

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N

NO M

OTHER

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� � �

� � �

� � �

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O P

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� � �

18

/14

41

8/1

44

18

/14

4

1/

4

18

/14

4

4th

Wife

3rd

Wife

2n

d W

ife1

st Wife

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MA

ININ

GF

AT

HE

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TH

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MA

ININ

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him

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ird.


331

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st

age

1/

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� � �

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st

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2

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MA

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G

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AN

� � �

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P

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TH

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TH

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MA

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G3

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� � �

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1/

4

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TH

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MA

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G3

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18

/14

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8/1

44

l�gf��e��d��c��b��a��`��_��̂�m

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d to

th

em t

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uart

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u le

ft,if

ther

e w

as n

ot fo

r yo

u a

child

!

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mB

ut

if th

ere

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for

him

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en t

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othe

r the third

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ere

was

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hild

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is p

aren

ts in

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him

,th

en t

o h

is m

othe

r th

e th

ird.


332

RE

MA

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TH

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2n

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41

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MA

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G

2/

4

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44

DE

CE

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N

� � �

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O P

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61

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1/

2

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MA

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AT

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R

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TH

ER

� � �

FA

TH

ER

FA

TH

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TH

ER

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sta

ge

� � �

1st

stage

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RE

MA

ININ

G

1st W

ife

48

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ere was n

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ere was n

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him,

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other th

e th

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mB

ut if th

ere was n

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ts inherited

him,

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is moth

er the third.


333

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d

sta

ge

1st

st

ag

e

3/

4

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MA

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1/

61

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2

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MA

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G

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TH

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FA

TH

ER

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AS

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AN

� � �

� � �

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O

P

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R

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Y

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TH

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1st

Wife

� � �

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4

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TH

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TH

ER

FA

TH

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54

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4

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MA

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18

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48

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42

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l�gf��e��d��c��b��a��`��_��̂�m

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t yo

u le

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you

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him

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to

his

mot

her

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.l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

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ere

was

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him

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hild

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par

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en t

o hi

s m

othe

r th

e th

ird.


334

MO

TH

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42

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TH

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N

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MA

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TH

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1/

61

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MA

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TH

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TH

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arents inherited

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other th

e th

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mB

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ere was not for h

im a ch

ild,an

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ts inherited h

im,

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other the th

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mB

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ild,an

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ts inherited

him

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er the third

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335

DE

CE

AS

ED

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AN

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TH

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1/

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2

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MA

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4

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MA

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41

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4

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1st

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MA

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41

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MA

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AT

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RF

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you

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him

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to

his

mot

her

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him

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im,

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to

his

mot

her

the

third.


336

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4

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1/

42

nd

sta

ge

1/

61

/3

1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

GR

EM

AIN

ING

FA

TH

ER

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

NO M

OTHER

NO SIBLINGS

� � �

� � �

P R

O P

E R

T Y

RE

MA

ININ

GF

AT

HE

R2

nd

Wife

1st W

ife


��`��_��̂�m

And to th

em th

e quarter fro

m w

hat you

left,if there w

as not for you

a child

!

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut if th

ere was n

ot for him a ch

ild,

and his p

arents in

herited

him

,th

en to h

is moth

er the third

.

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut if th

ere was n

ot for him

a child

,an

d his p

arents in

herited

him

,then

to his m

other th

e third

.


337

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

NO M

OTHER

NO SIBLINGS

� � �

� � �

1/

61

/3

1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

G

1st

st

ag

e

� � �

1/

43

/4

2n

d

sta

ge

RE

MA

ININ

G

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

18

/14

4

1st

Wife

FA

TH

ER

54

/14

4

RE

MA

ININ

GF

AT

HE

R

RE

MA

ININ

GF

AT

HE

R

72

/14

4

RE

MA

ININ

GF

AT

HE

R1

st W

ife

l�gf��e��d��c��b��a��`��_��̂�m

And t

o th

em t

he

quar

ter from

what

you

left,

if th

ere

was

not

for

you

a c

hild

!

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut

if th

ere

was

not

for

him

a c

hild

,an

d h

is p

aren

ts in

her

ited h

im,

then

to

his

mot

her

the

third.

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut

if th

ere

was

not

for

him

a c

hild

,an

d his

par

ents

inher

ited h

im,

then

to

his

mot

her

the

third.


338

P R

O P

E R

T Y

RE

MA

ININ

GF

AT

HE

R

1st

stag

e

2n

d

stag

e

1/

61

/3

1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

G

14

4/1

44

RE

MA

ININ

GF

AT

HE

R

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

NO M

OTHER

NO SIBLINGS

� � �

� � �

RE

MA

ININ

GF

AT

HE

R

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut if th

ere was n

ot for him a ch

ild,

and his p

arents in

herited

him

,th

en to h

is moth

er the third

.

l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut if th

ere was n

ot for him

a child

,an

d his p

arents in

herited

him

,then

to his m

other th

e third

.

339



341

BR

OT

HE

RS

RE

MA

ININ

G

72/1

44

18/1

44

18/1

44

18/1

44

18/1

44

1/

4

4th

Wife

3rd

Wife

2nd W

ife1st

Wife

BR

OT

HE

RS

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

NO M

OTHER

SIBLINGS

� � �

� � �

� � �

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

� � �

1/

4

4th

Wife

3rd

Wife

1st

Wife

1/

61

/3

1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

G

2n

d

stag

e1

/4

1/

4

� � �

1st

st

ag

e

2nd W

ife

m��gf��e��d��c��b��a��`��_��^

l And to them the quarter fromwhat you left,

if there was not for you a child!

m��\[��Z��Y��X��W��V��U

l And he inherits her,

if there was not for her a child.


342

1/

4

4th

Wife

3rd

Wife

1st W

ife

2n

d

stag

e1

/4

1/

4

� � �

1st

stag

e

2nd W

ife

� � �

1/

61

/3

1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

G2 B

RO

TH

ER

S

18/1

44

1/

4

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

NO M

OTHER

SIBLINGS

� � �

� � �

� � �

P R

O P

E R

T Y

2 B

RO

TH

ER

SR

EM

AIN

ING

72/1

44

18/1

44

4th

Wife

3rd

Wife

2nd W

ife1st W

ife

18/1

44

18/1

44

m��gf��e��d��c��b��a

��`��_��^

lAnd to them the quarter fromwhat you left,


m��\[��Z��Y��X��W��V

��UlAnd he inherits h

er,



343

A B

RO

TH

ER

RE

MA

ININ

G

72

/14

41

8/1

44

4th

Wife

3rd

Wife

2n

d W

ife1

st W

ife

18

/14

41

8/1

44

18

/14

4

1/

4

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

NO M

OTHER

SIBLINGS

� � �

� � �

� � �

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

� � �

1/

61

/3

1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

GA

BR

OT

HE

R

1/

4

4th

Wife

3rd

Wife

1st

Wife

2n

d

sta

ge

1/

41

/4

� � �

1st

st

ag

e

2n

d W

ife

l�gf��e��d��c��b��a��`��_��̂�m

And t

o th

em t

he

qua

rter

from

what

you

left,

if th

ere

was

not

for

you

a c

hild

!

l��\[��Z��Y��X��W��V��U�m

And

he

inher

its h

er,

if th

ere

was

not

for

her

a c

hild

.


344

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

NO M

OTHER

SIBLINGS

� � �

� � �

P R

O P

E R

T Y

1/

61

/3

1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

G

1st

stag

e

2n

d W

ife

� � �

� � �

1/

4

RE

MA

ININ

G

� � �

2n

d

stag

e

18

/14

41

8/1

44

18

/14

4

1/

41

/4

BR

OT

HE

RS

& S

IST

ER

S

18

/14

4

3rd

Wife

1st W

ife

1/

4

72

/14

4

BR

OT

HE

RS

& S

IST

ER

S

RE

MA

ININ

GB

RO

TH

ER

S &

SIS

TE

RS

BR

OT

HE

RS

& S

IST

ER

S

RE

MA

ININ

G3

rd W

ife2

nd

Wife

1st W

ife


��`��_��̂�m

And to th

em th

e quarter fro

m w

hat you

left,if there w

as not for you

a child

!


And if th

ey were sib

lings m

en an

d wom

en,th

en to the m

ale alike the sh

are of the two fem

ales.


And if they w

ere siblin

gs m

en and

wom

en,

then

to the male alike th

e share of th

e two fem

ales.


345

72

/14

4

BR

OT

HE

RS

& S

IST

ER

S

36

/14

4

2/

4

RE

MA

ININ

GB

RO

TH

ER

S &

SIS

TE

RS

RE

MA

ININ

G

18

/14

4

1/

4

18

/14

4

1st

Wife

1st

st

ag

e

2n

d W

ife

� � �

� � �

1/

42

nd

st

ag

e

1/

61

/3

1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

GB

RO

TH

ER

S &

SIS

TE

RS

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

NO M

OTHER

SIBLINGS

� � �

� � �

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

RE

MA

ININ

GB

RO

TH

ER

S &

SIS

TE

RS

2n

d W

ife1

st W

ife

l�gf��e��d��c��b��a��`��_��̂�m

And t

o th

em t

he

quar

ter from

what

you

left,

if th

ere

was

not

for

you

a c

hild

!


And if

the

y w

ere

siblin

gs

men

and w

omen

,th

en t

o th

e m

ale

alik

e th

e sh

are

of t

he

two

fem

ales

.


And if

they

wer

e si

blin

gs

men

and w

omen

,th

en t

o th

e m

ale

alik

e th

e sh

are

of t

he

two

fem

ales

.


346

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

NO M

OTHER

SIBLINGS

� � �

� � �

P R

O P

E R

T Y

1/

61

/3

1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

G

BR

OT

HE

RS

& S

IST

ER

S

54

/14

4

1st

stag

e

� � �

1/

43

/4

2n

d

stag

e

RE

MA

ININ

G

RE

MA

ININ

GB

RO

TH

ER

S &

SIS

TE

RS

BR

OT

HE

RS

& S

IST

ER

S

72

/14

4

RE

MA

ININ

GB

RO

TH

ER

S &

SIS

TE

RS

1st W

ife

18

/14

4

1st W

ife


��`��_��̂�m

And to th

em th

e quarter fro

m w

hat you

left,if there w

as not for you

a child

!


And if th

ey were sib

lings m

en and w

omen

,th

en to th

e male alike the sh

are of the tw

o females.


And if th

ey were sib

lings m

en an

d w

omen

,th

en to th

e male alike th

e share of th

e two fem

ales.


347

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

RE

MA

ININ

GB

RO

TH

ER

S &

SIS

TE

RS

1st

st

ag

e

2n

d

sta

ge

1/

61

/3

1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

G

14

4/1

44

RE

MA

ININ

GB

RO

TH

ER

S &

SIS

TE

RS

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

NO M

OTHER

SIBLINGS

� � �

� � �

BR

OT

HE

RS

& S

IST

ER

S


And if

they

wer

e si

blin

gs

men

and w

omen

,th

en t

o th

e m

ale

alik

e th

e sh

are

of t

he

two

fem

ales

.


And if

they

wer

e si

blin

gs

men

and w

omen

,th

en t

o th

e m

ale

alik

e th

e sh

are

of t

he

two

fem

ales

.


348

RE

MA

ININ

GB

RO

TH

ER

SB

RO

TH

ER

SR

EM

AIN

ING

3rd

Wife

2nd W

ife1st W

ife

18/1

44

3rd

Wife

1st W

ife

1/

4

72/1

44

BR

OT

HE

RS

18/1

44

18/1

44

18/1

44

1/

41

/4

BR

OT

HE

RS

1st

stag

e

2nd W

ife

� � �

� � �

1/

4

RE

MA

ININ

G

� � �

2n

d

stag

e

1/

61

/3

1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

G

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

NO M

OTHER

SIBLINGS

� � �

� � �

P R

O P

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��`��_��^



m��\[��Z��Y��X��W��V


er,


m��\[��Z��Y��X��W��V


er,



349

RE

MA

ININ

GB

RO

TH

ER

S2nd W

ife1st

Wife

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

NO M

OTHER

SIBLINGS

� � �

� � �

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

1/

61

/3

1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

GB

RO

TH

ER

S

1st

Wife

1st

st

ag

e

2nd W

ife

� � �

� � �

1/

42

nd

stag

e

72/1

44

BR

OT

HE

RS

36/1

44

2/

4

RE

MA

ININ

GB

RO

TH

ER

S

RE

MA

ININ

G

18/1

44

1/

4

18/1

44

m��gf��e��d��c��b��a��`��_��^



m��\[��Z��Y��X��W��V��U



m��\[��Z��Y��X��W��V��U




350

RE

MA

ININ

GB

RO

TH

ER

S

BR

OT

HE

RS

72/1

44

RE

MA

ININ

GB

RO

TH

ER

S1st W

ife

18/1

44

1st W

ifeB

RO

TH

ER

S

54/1

44

1st

stag

e

� � �

1/

43

/4

2n

d

stag

e

RE

MA

ININ

G

1/

61

/3

1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

G

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

NO M

OTHER

SIBLINGS

� � �

� � �

P R

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��`��_��^



m��\[��Z��Y��X��W��V


er,


m��\[��Z��Y��X��W��V


er,



351

144/1

44

RE

MA

ININ

GB

RO

TH

ER

S

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

NO M

OTHER

SIBLINGS

� � �

� � �

BR

OT

HE

RS

1/

61

/3

1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

G

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

RE

MA

ININ

GB

RO

TH

ER

S

1st

st

ag

e

2n

d

stag

e

m��\[��Z��Y��X��W��V��U




352

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

NO M

OTHER

SIBLINGS

� � �

� � �

P R

O P

E R

T Y

1/

61

/3

1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

G

1st

stag

e

2nd W

ife

� � �

� � �

1/

4

RE

MA

ININ

G

� � �

2n

d

stag

e

18/1

44

18/1

44

18/1

44

1/

41

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2 B

RO

TH

ER

S

18/1

44

3rd

Wife

1st W

ife

1/

4

72/1

44

2 B

RO

TH

ER

S

RE

MA

ININ

G2 B

RO

TH

ER

S2 B

RO

TH

ER

SR

EM

AIN

ING

3rd

Wife

2nd W

ife1st W

ife


��`��_��^



m��\[��Z��Y��X��W��V


er,


m��\[��Z��Y��X��W��V


er,



353

72/1

44

2 B

RO

TH

ER

S

36/1

44

2/

4

RE

MA

ININ

G2 B

RO

TH

ER

S

RE

MA

ININ

G

18/1

44

1/

4

18/1

44

1st

Wife

1st

st

ag

e

2nd W

ife

� � �

� � �

1/

42

nd

stag

e

1/

61

/3

1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

G2 B

RO

TH

ER

S

RE

MA

ININ

G2 B

RO

TH

ER

S2nd W

ife1st

Wife

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

NO M

OTHER

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m��gf��e��d��c��b��a��`��_��^



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m��\[��Z��Y��X��W��V��U




354

DE

CE

AS

ED

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N

NO M

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SIBLINGS

� � �

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P R

O P

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T Y

1/

61

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1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

G

2 B

RO

TH

ER

S

54/1

44

1st

stag

e

� � �

1/

43

/4

2n

d

stag

e

RE

MA

ININ

G

RE

MA

ININ

G2 B

RO

TH

ER

S

2 B

RO

TH

ER

S

72/1

44

RE

MA

ININ

G2 B

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ER

S1st W

ife

18/1

44

1st W

ife


��`��_��^



m��\[��Z��Y��X��W��V


er,


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er,



355

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

RE

MA

ININ

G2 B

RO

TH

ER

S

1st

st

ag

e

2n

d

stag

e

1/

61

/3

1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

G

144/1

44

RE

MA

ININ

G2 B

RO

TH

ER

S

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

NO M

OTHER

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� � �

� � �

2 B

RO

TH

ER

S

m��\[��Z��Y��X��W��V��U




356

RE

MA

ININ

GA

BR

OT

HE

RA

BR

OT

HE

RR

EM

AIN

ING

3rd

Wife

2n

d W

ife1

st Wife

18

/14

4

3rd

Wife

1st W

ife

1/

4

72

/14

4

A B

RO

TH

ER

18

/14

41

8/1

44

18

/14

4

1/

41

/4

A B

RO

TH

ER

1st

stag

e

2n

d W

ife

� � �

� � �

1/

4

RE

MA

ININ

G

� � �

2n

d

stag

e

1/

61

/3

1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

G

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

NO M

OTHER

SIBLINGS

� � �

� � �

P R

O P

E R

T Y


��`��_��̂�m

And to th

em th

e quarter fro

m w

hat you

left,if there w

as not for you

a child

!

l��\[��Z��Y��X��W��V

��U�m

And h

e inherits h

er,if th

ere was n

ot for her a child

.

l��\[��Z��Y��X��W��V

��U�m

And h

e inherits h

er,if th

ere was n

ot for her a ch

ild.


357

RE

MA

ININ

GA

BR

OT

HE

R2

nd

Wife

1st

Wife

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

NO M

OTHER

SIBLINGS

� � �

� � �

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

1/

61

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1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

GA

BR

OT

HE

R

1st

Wife

1st

st

ag

e

2n

d W

ife

� � �

� � �

1/

42

nd

st

ag

e

72

/14

4

A B

RO

TH

ER

36

/14

4

2/

4

RE

MA

ININ

GA

BR

OT

HE

R

RE

MA

ININ

G

18

/14

4

1/

4

18

/14

4

l�gf��e��d��c��b��a��`��_��̂�m

And t

o th

em t

he

quar

ter from

what

you

left,

if th

ere

was

not

for

you

a c

hild

!

l��\[��Z��Y��X��W��V��U�m

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he

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l��\[��Z��Y��X��W��V��U�m

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e in

her

its h

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.


358

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.

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359

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l�gf��e��d��c��b��a��`��_��̂�m

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364

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2nd W

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um

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er h

alf o

f wha

t he

left.


365

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3rd

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1st

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366

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367

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ild!

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368

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369

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m��gf��e��d��c��b��a��`��_��^

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ld!

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370

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��`��_��^

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371

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m��gf��e��d��c��b��a��`��_��^

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ter from

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as

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m�dc��b��a��`��_��^��]

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372

DE

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��`��_��^��]

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ales,then

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ales,then

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373

1st

st

age

2n

d

stage

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

P R

O

P

E

R

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Y

� � �

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Wife

1st

W

ife

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A S

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RE

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2nd

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72/1

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� � �

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l�gf��e��d��c��b��a��`̀̀̀��_��^�m

An

d t

o t

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m t

he

qu

art

er from

wh

at

you

left

,if

the

re w

as

no

t fo

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u a

ch

ild!

l�TS��R RRR��Q��P��O��N��M��L��K��J��I��H�m

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hu

ma

n p

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he

d,

ha

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g n

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hild

, a

nd

fo

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iste

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en

to

he

r h

alf of

wh

at

he

left

.


374

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4

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� � �

1st

stage

2nd

stage

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

P R

O P

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Wife

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ife

1/

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� � �


��`̀̀̀��_��^�m

And

to th

em

the

qu

arte

r from

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t you le

ft,if th

ere

wa

s not fo

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child

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um

an p

erish

ed, h

avin

g n

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nd

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sister,

then

to h

er h

alf o

f wha

t he le

ft.


375

1st

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stage

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

P R

O

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� � �

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W

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21

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A S

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72

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l�gf��e��d��c��b��a��`̀̀̀��_��^�m

An

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m t

he

qu

art

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at

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left

,if

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re w

as

no

t fo

r yo

u a

ch

ild!

l�TS��R� R�R�R��Q��P��O��N��M��L��K��J��I��H�m

If a

hu

ma

n p

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he

d,

ha

vin

g n

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fo

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im is

a s

iste

r,th

en

to

he

r h

alf of

wh

at

he

left

.


376

A S

IST

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RE

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72

/144

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1st

stage

2nd

stage

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

P R

O P

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T Y

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l�TS��R�R�R� R��Q

��P��O��N��M��L��K��J��I��H�m

If a h

um

an p

erish

ed, h

avin

g n

o ch

ild, a

nd

for h

im is a

sister,

then

to h

er h

alf o

f wha

t he le

ft.

377



379

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stage

18

/14

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/14

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1st

st

age

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4

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MA

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4

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l�gf��e��d��c��b��a��`��_��̂�m

And t

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ter from

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you

left,

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380

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2

RE

MA

ININ

GR

EM

AIN

ING

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

NO M

OTHER

NO SIBLINGS

� � �

� � �

P R

O P

E R

T Y

2n

d W

ife1

st Wife

18

/14

41

8/1

44


��`��_��̂�m

And to th

em th

e qu

arter from

what you

left,if th

ere was n

ot for you a ch

ild!


381

54

/14

4

RE

MA

ININ

G

72

/14

4

DE

CE

AS

ED

: M

AN

NO M

OTHER

NO SIBLINGS

� � �

� � �

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

1/

61

/3

1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

G

1st

st

ag

e

� � �

1/

43

/4

2n

d

sta

ge

RE

MA

ININ

G

1st

Wife

18

/14

4

1st

Wife

RE

MA

ININ

GR

EM

AIN

ING

l�gf��e��d��c��b��a��`��_��̂�m

And t

o th

em t

he

quar

ter from

what

you

left,

if th

ere

was

not

for

you

a c

hild

!


382

72

/14

4

RE

MA

ININ

GR

EM

AIN

ING

P R

O P

E R

T Y

RE

MA

ININ

G

1st

stag

e

2n

d

stag

e

72

/14

4

1/

61

/3

1/

2

RE

MA

ININ

G

DE

CE

AS

ED

: MA

N

NO M

OTHER

NO SIBLINGS

� � �

� � �

RE

MA

ININ

G

383

Part II

TEMPLATES DERİVATİONS FOR A DECEASED WOMAN

385


Templates Derivations For A Deceased Woman, Template 1

387

A S

on

A D

aug

hte

rA

Son

A D

aughte

rA

Son

DE

CE

AS

ED

: W

OM

AN

� � � �

� � � �

� � � �A

Son

A D

aug

hte

rA

Son

A D

aughte

rA

Son

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

2/8

2/8

2/8

2/8

1/8

2/8

1/8

2/8

� � � �

1/8

1/8

1st S

tage


m

Alla

h I

s R

eco

mm

end

ing Y

ou

Co

nce

rnin

g Y

ou

r C

hild

ren:

To T

he

Male

Lik

e T

he S

hare

Of

Tw

o F

em

ale

s.


388

DE

CE

AS

ED

: WO

MA

N

� � � �

� � � �

� � � �

P R

O P

E R

T Y

1st S

tage

A S

onA

Da

ughter

A S

on

A S

on

A S

onA

Da

ughter

A S

on

A S

on

2/7

1/72

/72

/7

2/7

2/7

1/72

/7


m

Alla

h Is R

eco

mm

en

din

g Y

ou

Co

nce

rnin

g Y

ou

r Ch

ildre

n:

To

Th

e M

ale

Like

Th

e S

ha

re O

f Tw

o F

em

ale

s.


389

DE

CE

AS

ED

: W

OM

AN

A S

on

A S

on

A S

on

1/3

1/3

� � � �

� � � �

1/3

1st

Sta

ge

A S

on

A S

on

A S

on

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

1/3

1/3

1/3


m

Alla

h Is

Reco

mm

endin

g Y

ou C

once

rnin

g Y

our

Child

ren:

To T

he M

ale

Lik

e T

he S

hare

Of T

wo F

em

ale

s.


390

DE

CE

AS

ED

: WO

MA

N

A D

aug

hter

A D

aug

hterA

Dau

ghte

r

A S

onA

Son

A D

aug

hter

A D

aug

hterA

Dau

ghte

r

1st S

tage

2/7

1/7

2/71/7

P R

O P

E R

T Y

2/7

2/7

1/7

1/7

1/71

/7

A S

on

� � � �

A S

on

� � � �

� � � �

� � � �lk��j��i��h��gf��e��d��c

m

Alla

h Is R

eco

mm

en

din

g Y

ou

Co

nce

rnin

g Y

ou

r Ch

ildre

n:

To

Th

e M

ale

Like

Th

e S

ha

re O

f Tw

o F

em

ale

s.


391

� � � �

� � � �

� � � �

A D

aughte

rA

Daugh

ter

A S

on

A D

aughte

rA

Dau

ghte

rA

Daugh

ter

2/5

1/5

DE

CE

AS

ED

: W

OM

AN

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

1/5

1/5

1/5

1/5

1st S

tage

A S

on

A D

aughte

r

2/5

1/5


m

Alla

h Is

Reco

mm

en

din

g Y

ou

Con

cern

ing Y

our

Child

ren

: T

o T

he M

ale

Lik

e T

he

Sha

re O

f T

wo F

em

ale

s.


392

DE

CE

AS

ED

: WO

MA

N

A S

on

A D

aughte

rA

Son

A D

aughte

r

� � � �

� � � �

� � � �

A S

on

A D

aughte

rA

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A D

aughte

r

2/6

1/6

2/6

1/6

1st S

tage

P R

O P

E R

T Y

1/6

2/6

2/6

1/6


m

Alla

h Is R

eco

mm

en

din

g Y

ou

Co

nce

rnin

g Y

our C

hild

ren:

To

Th

e M

ale

Like

Th

e S

hare

Of T

wo

Fe

ma

les.


393

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

DE

CE

AS

ED

: W

OM

AN

A S

on

� � � �

� � � �

1/5

2/5

2/5

A S

on

A D

aughte

rA

Son

2/5

1/5

2/5

1st S

tage

A S

on

A D

aughte

r


m

Alla

h I

s R

eco

mm

en

din

g Y

ou

Con

cern

ing

You

r C

hild

ren

: T

o T

he M

ale

Lik

e T

he S

ha

re O

f Tw

o F

em

ale

s.


394

� � � �

DE

CE

AS

ED

: WO

MA

N

P R

O P

E R

T Y

1/2

1/2

A S

on

A S

on

1st S

tage

A S

on

A S

on

1/2

1/2


m

Alla

h Is R

eco

mm

en

din

g Y

ou C

once

rnin

g Y

ou

r Child

ren

: T

o T

he

Ma

le L

ike T

he S

ha

re O

f Tw

o F

em

ale

s.


395

DE

CE

AS

ED

: W

OM

AN

A S

on

A D

aughte

rA

Daughte

r

� � � �

� � � �

1st

Sta

ge

A S

on

A D

aughte

rA

Daughte

r

1/4

1/4

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

1/4

1/4

2/4

2/4


m

Alla

h Is

Re

com

me

ndin

g Y

ou

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cern

ing

Yo

ur

Ch

ildre

n:

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Th

e M

ale

Lik

e T

he

Sh

are

Of T

wo

Fem

ale

s.


396

DE

CE

AS

ED

: WO

MA

N

A S

on

A D

aughte

r

A S

on

A D

aughte

r

1st S

tage

� � � �

P R

O P

E R

T Y

1/3

2/3

2/3

1/3


m

Alla

h Is R

eco

mm

en

din

g Y

ou C

once

rnin

g Y

ou

r Child

ren

: T

o T

he

Ma

le L

ike T

he S

ha

re O

f Tw

o F

em

ale

s.


397

DE

CE

AS

ED

: W

OM

AN

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

1st

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ge

A S

on

A S

on


m

Alla

h I

s R

eco

mm

en

din

g Y

ou

Con

cern

ing

Yo

ur

Ch

ildre

n:

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Th

e M

ale

Lik

e T

he

Sh

are

Of

Tw

o F

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ale

s.

399



401

DE

CE

AS

ED

: W

OM

AN

32/1

4432

/144

32/1

448/

144

8/1

44

1/

43

/7

20/

144

� � �A

DA

UG

HT

ER

A D

AU

GH

TE

RA

DA

UG

HT

ER

FA

TH

ER

MO

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HU

SB

AN

D

12/

144

RE

MA

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G

FA

TH

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P R

O

P

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R

T

Y

1/

32

/3

� � � MO

TH

ER

1st

st

age

2nd

stage

3 D

AU

GH

TE

RS

RE

MA

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1/

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� � �

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ixth

from

wha

t h

e le

ft,

if fo

r h

im w

as

a c

hild

.


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t if

the

y w

ere

wo

me

n a

bo

ve t

wo

,th

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.

lUT��S ��S��S��S��R��Q��P��O��N��M�m

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uart

er from

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at

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y le

ft.


402

� � �

MO

TH

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1st

stage

2nd

stage

3 D

AU

GH

TE

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2/

3

RE

MA

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G

1/

61

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FA

TH

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P R

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1/

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� � �

32/1

44

RE

MA

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GA

DA

UG

HT

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A D

AU

GH

TE

RA

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FA

TH

ER

MO

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DE

CE

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t if the

y we

re w

om

en

abo

ve tw

o,

then

for th

em

two

third

s of w

ha

t he

left.


403

� � �

� � �

1st

st

age

2nd

stage

3 D

AU

GH

TE

RS

HU

SB

AN

D

3/

5

RE

MA

ININ

G

1/

6

HU

SB

AN

D

12/1

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FA

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28/1

44

RE

MA

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GA

DA

UG

HT

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A D

AU

GH

TE

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DA

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FA

TH

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DE

CE

AS

ED

: W

OM

AN

32/1

4432

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32/1

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1/

4

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32

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t if

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me

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bo

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u t

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art

er from

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at

the

y le

ft.


404

DE

CE

AS

ED

: WO

MA

N

32/144

32/144

32/144

8/144

1/

4

� � �

P R

O P

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32

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DA

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12/144

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1st

stage

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stage

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AU

GH

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HU

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t if the

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t if the

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405

� � �

1st

st

age

2nd

stage

3 D

AU

GH

TE

RS

HU

SB

AN

D

3/

4

RE

MA

ININ

G

1/

32

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HU

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D

12/1

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RE

MA

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G

36/1

44

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AU

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R

DE

CE

AS

ED

: W

OM

AN

32/1

4432

/144

32/1

44

1/

4

� � �

P R

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P

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R

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t if

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y w

ere

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me

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y le

ft.


406

DE

CE

AS

ED

: WO

MA

N

32/144

32/144

32/144

8/144

� � �

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6

RE

MA

ININ

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40/144

FA

TH

ER

RE

MA

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G

P R

O P

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1/

32

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� � �

A D

AU

GH

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RA

DA

UG

HT

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A D

AU

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.


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t if the

y we

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om

en

abo

ve tw

o,

then

for th

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two

third

s of w

ha

t he

left.


407

1st

st

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2nd

stage

3 D

AU

GH

TE

RS

1/

6

RE

MA

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G

P R

O

P

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T

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,th

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408

2nd

stage

DE

CE

AS

ED

: WO

MA

N

1st

stage

P R

O P

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1/

3

32/144

� � �

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3

RE

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Bu

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men

ab

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two

,th

en

for th

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third

s of w

ha

t he

left.


409

� � �

� � �

1st

st

age

2nd

stage

2 D

AU

GH

TE

RS

RE

MA

ININ

GH

US

BA

ND

1/

61

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TH

ER

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48/

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er from

wh

at

the

y le

ft.


410

A D

AU

GH

TE

R

MO

TH

ER

12/144

� � �

72/1

44

MO

TH

ER

A D

AU

GH

TE

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1st

stage

2nd

stage

1/

61

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1/

6

FA

TH

ER

RE

MA

ININ

G

� � �

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her

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him

,th

en t

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mot

her

the third

.

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And

if h

e w

as a

man

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as

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alal

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a w

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d for

him

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mA

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ING

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FA

TH

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432

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AS

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AN

HU

SB

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� � �

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TH

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mA

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what

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ere

was

not

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them

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!

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And if

he

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a m

an t

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s a

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ale

or a

wom

an,

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him

is a

bro

ther

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im,

then

to

his

mot

her

the

third.


433

DE

CE

AS

ED

: W

OM

AN

� � �

� � �

P R

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1st

st

age

1/

61

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3

MO

TH

ER

HU

SB

AN

D

72

/14

4

HU

SB

AN

D

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24

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8/1

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MO

TH

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l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

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ere

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im,

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to

his

mot

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the third

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he

was

a m

an t

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inher

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or a

wom

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him

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.


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mA

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ere

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!

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FA

TH

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434

1st

st

ag

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48

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72

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TH

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61

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2

FA

TH

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AS

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: W

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AN

HU

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AN

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EM

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IST

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A S

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RE

MA

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GH

US

BA

ND

� � �

� � �


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mA

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what

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ives

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ere

was

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the

m a

child

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he

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a m

an t

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him

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ther

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then

to

his

mot

her

the

third.


435

DE

CE

AS

ED

: W

OM

AN

� � �

� � �

P R

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P

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T

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1st

st

age

1/

61

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3

MO

TH

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RE

MA

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G

72

/14

4

RE

MA

ININ

G

A B

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TH

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l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

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ere

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to

his

mot

her

the third

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he

was

a m

an t

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or a

wom

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him

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bro

ther

, or

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his

mot

her

the

third.


436

FA

TH

ER

RE

MA

ININ

G

FA

TH

ER

12

0/1

44

DE

CE

AS

ED

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OM

AN

A B

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TH

ER

A B

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� � �

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st

age

24

/14

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MA

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for

him

is a

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ther

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.

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mot

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third.


437

FA

TH

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24

/14

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8/1

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1st

st

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e1

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1/

21

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MA

ININ

G

FA

TH

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DE

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AS

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AN

� � �

� � �

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l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

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ere

was

not

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him

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is p

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ts in

her

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im,

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to

his

mot

her

the third

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a m

an t

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him

is a

bro

ther

, or

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from

them

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.

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his

mot

her

the

third.


438


439

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24

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4

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MA

ININ

G

DE

CE

AS

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OM

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A S

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A S

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_��~��}��|��{��z��y�m

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d if

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as a

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s a

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or a

wom

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and

for

him

is a

bro

ther

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iste

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om t

hem

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.

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,an

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is p

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her

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him

,th

en t

o h

is m

oth

er t

he

thir

d.


440

DE

CE

AS

ED

: W

OM

AN

HU

SB

AN

DS

IBLIN

GS

MO

TH

ER

MO

TH

ER

SIB

LIN

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� � �

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l»��º�¹��¸��¶��µ

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.

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Bu

t if

the

y w

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t,th

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th

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rtn

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in the third

.


��E��D��C��B

mA

nd

to

yo

u h

alf of

wh

at

you

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ive

s le

ft,

if th

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wa

s n

ot

for

the

m a

ch

ild!


441

1st

st

age

48

/14

42

4/1

44

72

/14

4

MO

TH

ER

P R

O

P

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R

T

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1/

61

/3

1/

2

MO

TH

ER

DE

CE

AS

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: W

OM

AN

RE

MA

ININ

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IBL

ING

SM

OT

HE

R

MO

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LIN

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RE

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� � �

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l»��º�¹��¸��¶��µ

mB

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e fo

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mot

her the sixth

.

l�q��p��o��n��m��l��k��j��i�m

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if th

ey w

ere

mor

e th

an t

hat

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then

to

his

mot

her

the

third.


442

MO

TH

ER

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TH

ER

DE

CE

AS

ED

: WO

MA

N

1st

stage

1/

6

RE

MA

ININ

G

� � �

1/

3

MO

TH

ER

48

/14

4

MO

TH

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P R

O P

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1/

2

RE

MA

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24

/14

47

2/1

44

HU

SB

AN

D

HU

SB

AN

D

� � �


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mA

nd to you

half o

f what you

r wives left,

if there w

as not for th

em a ch

ild!

l´³��²��±��°��¯��®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut if th

ere was not for him

a child

,an

d h

is paren

ts inherited

him

,th

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is moth

er the th

ird.


443

MO

TH

ER

DE

CE

AS

ED

: W

OM

AN

� � �

� � �

P R

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2nd

stage

1st

st

age

RE

MA

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1/

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MA

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TH

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l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

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him

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is p

aren

ts in

her

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im,

then

to

his

mot

her

the third

.


444

HU

SB

AN

D

72/1

44

HU

SB

AN

D

A B

RO

TH

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1st

stage

1/

61

/2

1/

3

DE

CE

AS

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MA

N

� � �

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P R

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24

/144

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MO

TH

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l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

mB

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ere was n

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a child

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is paren

ts inherited

him

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ird.

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if he w

as a man

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d for h

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then

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e sixth

.


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mA

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half o

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ives left,if th

ere was n

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!


445

DE

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AS

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: W

OM

AN

� � �

� � �

P R

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P

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1st

st

age

1/

61

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3

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TH

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HU

SB

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D

72/1

44

HU

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to

his

mot

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the third

.

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if h

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man

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him

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.


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mA

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u h

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wh

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our

wiv

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ft,

if th

ere

was

not

for

them

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!


446

MO

TH

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TH

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24

/14

44

8/1

44

1st

stage

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61

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1/

3

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TH

ER

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MA

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G

MO

TH

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DE

CE

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MA

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� � �

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HE

RM

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l´³��²��±��°��̄�®��¬��«��ª

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an to b

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im,

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other th

e third

.


447

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TH

ER

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AS

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the third

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d if

he

was

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an t

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Kal

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him

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ther

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.

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then

to

his

mot

her

th

e th

ird.


448

DE

CE

AS

ED

: W

OM

AN

� � �

� � �

P R

O

P

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R

T

Y

1/

31

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1/

61st

st

age

MO

TH

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MA

ININ

GH

US

BA

ND

24/1

4448

/144

72/1

44

FA

TH

ER

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im,

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n t

o h

is m

oth

er the third

.


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mA

nd

to

yo

u h

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wh

at yo

ur

wiv

es

left

,if

the

re w

as

no

t fo

r th

em

a c

hild

!


449

FA

TH

ER

DE

CE

AS

ED

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OM

AN

� � �

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R

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1/

3

48/

144

FA

TH

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96/1

44

MO

TH

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1st

st

age

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TH

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3

RE

MA

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G

RE

MA

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l´³��²��±��°��¯��®��¬��«��ª

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there

wa

s n

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hild

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nd

his

pa

ren

ts in

he

rite

d h

im,

the

n to

his

mo

the

r the third

.


450

DE

CE

AS

ED

: WO

MA

N

� � �

P R

O P

E R

T Y

1/

21st

stage

1/

2

RE

MA

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GH

US

BA

ND

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TH

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l´³��²��±��°��¯��®��¬��«��ª

mB

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en

to h

is mo

the

r the

third

.


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alf o

f wh

at yo

ur w

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ere

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a ch

ild!


451

1st

st

age

DE

CE

AS

ED

: W

OM

AN

RE

MA

ININ

G

P R

O

P

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TH

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144

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l´³��²��±��°��¯��®��¬��«��ª

mB

ut

if th

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im a

ch

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d h

is p

are

nts

inh

erite

d h

im,

the

n t

o h

is m

oth

er

the

th

ird.

453



455

1st

st

ag

e1

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72/1

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mK��J��I��H��G��F

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l And to you half ofwhat your wives left,

if there was not for them a child!

m��\[��Z��Y��X��W��V��U




456

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MA

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G

RE

MA

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GB

RO

TH

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S &

SIS

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RS

144/1

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BR

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HE

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& S

IST

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An

d if th

ey w

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gs m

en a

nd

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me

n,

the

n to

the

male

alike

the

sha

re o

f the

two

fem

ale

s.


457

DE

CE

AS

ED

: W

OM

AN

P R

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P

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1st

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72/1

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24/1

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lAnd to you half ofwhat your wives left,


m��\[��Z��Y��X��W��V


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459

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460

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462

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l��\[��Z��Y��X��W��V

��U�m

An

d h

e in

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r,if th

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s no

t for h

er a

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.

465



467

1st

st

age

1/

3

RE

MA

ININ

G

2nd

stage

24/1

44

24/1

44

A S

IST

ER

A S

IST

ER

DE

CE

AS

ED

: W

OM

AN

HU

SB

AN

D

2/

3

2 S

IST

ER

SR

EM

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P R

O

P

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R

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72/1

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� � �

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��E��D��C��B

mA

nd

to y

ou h

alf of

wh

at yo

ur

wiv

es

left

,if

the

re w

as

not

for

the

m a

child

!

ldc��b��a��̀�_��^��]�m

Bu

t if

they

were

tw

o f

em

ale

s,th

en t

o t

hem

the

tw

o th

irds from

wh

at

he

left

.


468

HU

SB

AN

D

72/1

44

� � �

1/

21

/2

A S

IST

ER

72/1

44

1st

stag

e

DE

CE

AS

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: WO

MA

N

HU

SB

AN

D

P R

O P

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T Y

A S

IST

ER


��E��D��C��B

mA

nd to

you

half o

f wha

t your w

ives le

ft,if th

ere

wa

s not fo

r them

a ch

ild!

l�TS��R��Q

��P��O��N��M��L��K��J��I��H�m

I f a h

um

an p

erish

ed, h

avin

g n

o ch

ild, a

nd

for h

im is a

sister,

the

n to

he

r half o

f wha

t he le

ft.


469

24/1

4448/1

44

RE

MA

ININ

GS

ISTE

RS

24/1

4448/1

44

RE

MA

ININ

GS

ISTE

RS

NO HUSBAND

RE

MA

ININ

G

2n

d

sta

ge

1/

32

/3

RE

MA

ININ

GS

ISTE

RS

RE

MA

ININ

GS

ISTE

RS

DE

CE

AS

ED

: WO

MA

N

P R

O

P

E

R

T

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� � �

1s

t s

tag

e1

/2

1/

2

� � �

m�dc��b��a��`��_��^��]

l But

if th

ey

wer

e tw

o fe

male

s,th

en

to th

em th

e tw

o th

irds from

wha

t he le

ft.

m�dc��b��a��`��_��^��]

l But

if th

ey w

ere tw

o fe

mal

es,

then

to th

em the

two

third

s from

wha

t he

left

.


470

24/1

4448/14

424

/144

48/14

4

RE

MA

ININ

G2 S

ISTE

RS

RE

MA

ININ

G2 S

ISTE

RS

NO HUSBAND

RE

MA

ININ

GR

EM

AIN

ING

2 S

ISTE

RS

2n

d

sta

ge

1/

32

/3

RE

MA

ININ

G2 S

ISTE

RS

DE

CE

AS

ED

: WO

MA

N

P R

O P

E R

T Y

� � �

1s

t s

tag

e1

/2

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2

� � �


��`��_��^��]

lBut if the

y were

two fe

males,

then to th

em the

two third

s from

wha

t he le

ft.


��`��_��^��]

lBut if they

were

two fe

males,

then to

them

the tw

o third

s from

what he

left.


471

1st

st

age

DE

CE

AS

ED

: W

OM

AN

A S

IST

ER

P R

O

P

E

R

T

Y

RE

MA

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A S

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72/1

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72/

144

l�TS��R��Q��P��O��N��M��L��K��J��I��H�m

If a

hu

ma

n p

erish

ed

, h

avi

ng

no c

hild

, a

nd f

or

him

is a

sis

ter,

the

n t

o h

er

ha

lf of

wh

at

he le

ft.

473



475

RE

MA

ININ

GH

US

BA

ND

RE

MA

ININ

G

1st

st

age

1/

21

/2

72/1

44

72/1

44

2nd

stage

P R

O

P

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R

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Y

DE

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ED

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OM

AN

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��E��D��C��B

mA

nd

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u h

alf of

wh

at

your

wiv

es

left

,if

there

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s n

ot

for

the

m a

ch

ild!

477

ALGEBRAIC ALGORITHM

� �

� �

ALGEBRAIC ALGORITHM

479


X�W�k�j�i�h�g�

�m�d��c��f��eg��k��j��i��hl

Allah is recommending you concerning your children: to the male like the share of two females!

M : The property adjusted from the testament

and the debt.

NoS: Number of Sons

SoS: Total Share of Sons

NoD: Number of Daughters

SoD: Total Share of Daughters

Status I

NoS > 0

M = SoS + SoD

SoS = NoS * (2*(M / (2*NoS + NoD))) SoD = NoD * (M / (2*NoS + NoD))


480

X�W�k�j�i�h�g�

�m��s��r��q��p��o��n��mt��uv��y��x��w{��z|��¢��¡��~��}£��§��¦��¥��¤

¨©�l

But if they were women above two, then for them two thirds of what he left, and if she was one, then for her the half and to his parents, to each one from them the sixth

from what he left, if for him was a child.

Mfrom : The remaining property from the previous

stage

MT : Mother

SoMT : Share of the Mother

FT : Father

SoFT : Share of the Father

Status II NoS = 0 NoD ≥ 2

SoD = 2 * M / 3 Mfrom = M - SoD

Mfrom = M / 3

ALGEBRAIC ALGORITHM

481

SoMT = 1/6 * Mfrom SoFT = 1/6 * Mfrom If NoS = 0 and NoD = 1 then:

SoD = M / 2 Mfrom = M - SoD

Mfrom = M / 2

SoMT = 1/6 * Mfrom SoFT = 1/6 * Mfrom


482

�j�i�h�gX�W�k

�m³��²��±��°��¯��®��¬��«��ª´��l

But if there was not for him a child, and his parents inherited him, then to his mother the third.

Status III NoS = 0 NoD = 0

MT : Yes (Does exist)

FT : Yes (Does exist)

SoMT = 1/3 * M

SoFT = X X : The remnant property from the division/heirs.

ALGEBRAIC ALGORITHM

483


�m»��º��¹��¸��¶��µ¼��l

But if siblings were for him, then to his mother the sixth.

NoBT: Number of Brothers

SoBT: Total Share of Brothers

NoST: Number of Sisters

SoST: Total Share of Sisters

Status IV NoS = 0 NoD = 0

MT : Yes (Does exist)

FT : Yes (Does exist)

NoBT + NoST ≥ 2

SoMT = 1/6 * M

�m��c��b��a��`��_��~��}��|��{��z��yg��f��e��dh��n��m��l��k��j��i

q��p��or�l


484

And if he was a man to be inherited as a Kalale or a

woman, and for him is a brother, or a sister, then to each one from them the sixth, but if they were more than that,

then they are partners in the third.

If,

NoBT = 1 and NoST = 0 then:

SoBT = 1/6 * M

If,

NoST = 1 and NoBT = 0 then:

SoST = 1/6 * M

If,

NoBT + NoST ≥ 2 then:

SoBT + SoST = 1/3 * M

ALGEBRAIC ALGORITHM

485



m��C��BD��F�E��I��H�G��K��JLl��

And to you half of what your wives left, if there was not for them a child!

H : Husband

SoH : Share of Husband

Status I NoS = 0 NoD = 0

H : Yes (Does exist)

SoH = ½ * M


486


�m��R��Q��P��O��N��MS��TU�l


from what they left.

Status II NoS = 0 NoD > 0

H : Yes (Does exist)

SoH = 1/4 * Mfrom

ALGEBRAIC ALGORITHM

487


m��_��^`��f��e��d��c��b��ag�l��

And to them the quarter from what you left, if there was not for you a child!

W1 : First Wife

W2 : Second Wife

W3 : Third Wife

W4 : Fourth Wife

SoW1 : Share of First Wife

SoW2 : Share of Second Wife

SoW3 : Share of Third Wife

SoW4 : Share of Fourth Wife


SoW1 = 1/4 * Mfrom

SoW2 = 1/4 * Mfrom

SoW3 = 1/4 * Mfrom

SoW4 = 1/4 * Mfrom


488


m��m��l��k��j��i��hn��pol

But if there was for you a child, then for them the eighth

from what you left.

Status IV NoS = 0 NoD > 0

SoW1 = 1/8 * Mfrom

SoW2 = 1/8 * Mfrom

SoW3 = 1/8 * Mfrom

SoW4 = 1/8 * Mfrom

ALGEBRAIC ALGORITHM

489



m��Q��P��O��N��M��L��K��J��I��HR��S�l��

If a human perished, having no child, and for him is a sister, then to her half of what he left.

Status I NoS = 0 NoD = 0

MT : No (Does not exist)

FT : No (Does not exist)

NoBT = 0

NoST = 1

SoST = M / 2


490


m�[��Z��Y��X��W��V��U\�l��


Status II NoS = 0 NoD = 0



NoBT = 1

NoST = 0

SoBT = X X : The remnant property from the division/heirs.

ALGEBRAIC ALGORITHM

491


m��a��`��_��^��]b��dcl��

But if they were two females, then to them the two thirds from what he left.




NoBT = 0

NoST = 2

SoST = 2/3 * Mfrom


492


m�nm��l��k��j��i��h��g��f��e�l��

And if they were siblings men and women, then to the male alike the share of the two females.

Status IV NoS = 0 NoD = 0



NoBT > 0

NoST > 0

SoBT + SoST = X SoBT = NoBT * (2*(X / (2*NoBT + NoST))) SoST = NoST * (X / (2*NoBT + NoST)) X : The remnant property from the division/heirs.

SUMMARY TABLE (DECEASED: WOMAN)

493


MINIMUM

CONDITIONS SHARING

NoS > 0

M = SoS + SoD SoS = NoS*(2*(M / (2*NoS + NoD))) SoD = NoD * (M / (2*NoS + NoD)) SoMT = 0 , SoFT = 0 , SoBT = 0 SoST = 0 , SoH = 0 , X = 0

NoS = 0

NoD ≥ 2

M = SoD + SoMT + SoFT + SoH + X

FIRST STAGE SoD = 2 * M / 3

SECOND STAGE Mfrom = M - SoD

Mfrom = M / 3

SoMT = 1/6 * Mfrom

SoFT = 1/6 * Mfrom

SoH = 1/4 * Mfrom

SoBT = 0 , SoST = 0

NoS = 0

NoD = 1

M = SoD + SoMT + SoFT + SoH + X

FIRST STAGE SoD = M / 2


Mfrom = M / 2

SoMT = 1/6 * Mfrom

SoFT = 1/6 * Mfrom

SoH = 1/4 * Mfrom

SoBT = 0 , SoST = 0


494

MINIMUM

CONDITIONS SHARING

NoS = 0

NoD = 0 FT : Yes

NoBT = 0 NoST = 0

M = SoMT + SoH + X

SoMT = 1/3 * M

SoH = 1/2 * M

SoFT = X

SoBT = 0 , SoST = 0

NoS = 0

NoD = 0 FT : Yes

NoBT + NoST ≥ 2

M = SoMT + SoH + SoBT + SoST + X

SoMT = 1/6 * M

SoH = 1/2 * M


SoFT = X

NoS = 0

NoD = 0 FT : Yes

NoBT = 1 NoST = 0

M = SoMT + SoH + SoBT + X

SoMT = 1/3 * M

SoH = 1/2 * M

SoBT = 1/6 * M

SoFT = X

NoS = 0

NoD = 0 FT : Yes

NoBT = 0 NoST = 1

M = SoMT + SoH + SoST + X

SoMT = 1/3 * M

SoH = 1/2 * M

SoST = 1/6 * M

SoFT = X

NoS = 0

NoD = 0 FT : No

MT : Yes NoBT = 0 NoST = 0

M =SoH + X

SoH = 1/2 * M

SoMT = X

SoBT = 0 , SoST = 0


495

MINIMUM

CONDITIONS SHARING

NoS = 0

NoD = 0 FT : No

MT : Yes NoBT + NoST ≥ 2

M = SoH + SoBT + SoST + X

SoH = 1/2 * M


SoMT = X

NoS = 0

NoD = 0 FT : No


M = SoH + SoBT + X

SoH = 1/2 * M

SoBT = 1/6 * M

SoMT = X

NoS = 0

NoD = 0 FT : No


M = SoH + SoST + X

SoH = 1/2 * M

SoST = 1/6 * M

SoMT = X

NoS = 0

NoD = 0 MT : No FT : No

NoBT = 0 NoST = 1

M = SoH + SoST

SoH = 1/2 * M

SoST = 1/2 * M

NoS = 0


NoBT ≥ 1 NoST = 0

M = SoH + X

SoH = 1/2 * M

SoBT = X


496

MINIMUM

CONDITIONS SHARING

NoS = 0


NoBT = 0 NoST ≥ 2

M = SoH + SoST + X

FIRST STAGE SoH = 1/2 * M

SECOND STAGE Mfrom = M - SoH SoST = 2/3 * Mfrom

NoS = 0


NoBT > 0 NoST > 0

M = SoH + X

SoH = 1/2 * M

SoBT + SoST = X

SoBT = NoBT * (2*(X/(2*NoBT + NoST))) SoST = NoST * (X / (2*NoBT + NoST))

SUMMARY TABLE (DECEASED: MAN)

497


MINIMUM

CONDITIONS SHARING

NoS > 0

M = SoS + SoD SoS = NoS*(2*(M / (2*NoS + NoD))) SoD = NoD * (M / (2*NoS + NoD)) SoMT = 0 , SoFT = 0 , SoBT = 0 SoST = 0 , SoW1 = 0 , SoW2 = 0 SoW3 =0 , SoW4 = 0 , X = 0

NoS = 0

NoD ≥ 2

M = SoD + SoMT + SoFT + SoW1 + SoW2 + SoW3 + SoW4 + X

FIRST STAGE SoD = 2 * M / 3


Mfrom = M / 3

SoMT = 1/6 * Mfrom

SoFT = 1/6 * Mfrom

SoW1 = 1/8 * Mfrom SoW2 = 1/8 * Mfrom SoW3 = 1/8 * Mfrom SoW4 = 1/8 * Mfrom SoBT = 0 , SoST = 0


498

MINIMUM

CONDITIONS SHARING

NoS = 0

NoD = 1

M = SoD + SoMT + SoFT + SoW1 + SoW2 + SoW3 + SoW4 + X

FIRST STAGE SoD = M / 2


Mfrom = M / 2

SoMT = 1/6 * Mfrom

SoFT = 1/6 * Mfrom

SoW1 = 1/8 * Mfrom SoW2 = 1/8 * Mfrom SoW3 = 1/8 * Mfrom SoW4 = 1/8 * Mfrom SoBT = 0 , SoST = 0

NoS = 0

NoD = 0 FT : Yes

NoBT = 0 NoST = 0

M = SoMT + SoW1 + SoW2 + SoW3+SoW4 + X

FIRST STAGE SoMT = 1/3 * M

SECOND STAGE Mfrom = M / 2

SoW1 = 1/4 * Mfrom SoW2 = 1/4 * Mfrom SoW3 = 1/4 * Mfrom SoW4 = 1/4 * Mfrom SoFT = X

SoBT = 0 , SoST = 0


499

MINIMUM

CONDITIONS SHARING

NoS = 0

NoD = 0 FT : Yes

NoBT +NoST ≥ 2

M = SoMT + SoBT + SoST + SoW1 + SoW2 + SoW3+SoW4 + X




SoW1 = 1/4 * Mfrom SoW2 = 1/4 * Mfrom SoW3 = 1/4 * Mfrom SoW4 = 1/4 * Mfrom

SoFT = X

NoS = 0

NoD = 0 FT : Yes

NoBT = 1 NoST = 0

M = SoMT + SoBT + SoW1 + SoW2 + SoW3 + SoW4 + X


SoBT = 1/6 * M



SoFT = X


500

MINIMUM

CONDITIONS SHARING

NoS = 0

NoD = 0 FT : Yes

NoBT = 0 NoST = 1

M = SoMT + SoST + SoW1 + SoW2 + SoW3 + SoW4 + X


SoST = 1/6 * M



SoFT = X

NoS = 0

NoD = 0 FT : No


M = SoW1 + SoW2 + SoW3+SoW4 + X


SoW1 = 1/4 * Mfrom SoW2 = 1/4 * Mfrom SoW3 = 1/4 * Mfrom SoW4 = 1/4 * Mfrom SoBT = 0 , SoST = 0 SoMT = X


501

MINIMUM

CONDITIONS SHARING

NoS = 0

NoD = 0 FT : No

MT : Yes

NoBT +NoST ≥ 2

M = SoBT + SoST + SoW1 + SoW2 + SoW3+SoW4 + X

FIRST STAGE SoBT + SoST = 1/3 * M



SoMT = X

NoS = 0

NoD = 0 FT : No


M = SoBT + SoW1 + SoW2 + SoW3

+ SoW4 + X

FIRST STAGE SoBT = 1/6 * M



SoMT = X


502

MINIMUM

CONDITIONS SHARING

NoS = 0

NoD = 0 FT : No


M = SoST + SoW1 + SoW2 + SoW3 + SoW4 + X

FIRST STAGE SoST = 1/6 * M



SoMT = X

NoS = 0


NoBT = 0 NoST = 1

M = SoST + SoW1 + SoW2 + SoW3+SoW4 + X

FIRST STAGE SoST = 1/2 * M



NoS = 0


NoBT ≥ 1 NoST = 0




SoBT = X


503

MINIMUM

CONDITIONS SHARING

NoS = 0


NoBT = 0 NoST ≥ 2

M = SoW1 + SoW2 + SoW3+SoW4 + SoST + X

SECOND STAGE SoW1 = 1/4 * M/2 SoW2 = 1/4 * M/2 SoW3 = 1/4 * M/2 SoW4 = 1/4 * M/2

Mfrom = M - (SoW1 + SoW2 + SoW3

+ SoW4) SoST = 2/3 * Mfrom

NoS = 0


NoBT > 0 NoST > 0




SoBT + SoST = X

SoBT = NoBT * (2*(X/(2*NoBT + NoST))) SoST = NoST * (X / (2*NoBT + NoST))

505

CONCLUSION

� �

� �

507

What fraction of the inheritance to be received in

certain cases by the heirs, mentioned in the verses of

inheritance, is explained in the verses.

This division resumed in three verses in total, is an

extremely systematic, punctual, consistent and flexible

structure. Because in the system, in which the heirs take

shares according to their positions; as long as the cases

change, the shares of the heirs change too.

An elaborate language is used in the explanations of

the shares, direct and indirect shares are distinguished

literally.

The positions of share owners are regulated amongst

themselves and the shares of the heirs are determined for

each case separately. In this regard, verses of inheritance

remind of algebraic analysis.

When the share rates mentioned in the verses are

applied, no mathematical problem has been faced. All of the

examples related to this, are presented in templates.

It is determined that the underlying reason for the

critical discourses about imposing the share rates, rules by

the Supreme Creator in the Holy Quran, as mathematically


508

impossible in some cases, and the interpretations of the

Quran encountering the same dilemma, is the delusion of

considering the completely different share explanations in

the verses of inheritance as same.

It is evident that, if the mentioned utterances of

share rates in the verses of Noble Qur’an are paid attention,

a mathematical problem is impossible to be faced in any

derivation of the division of inheritance.

509

Two Ongoing Verses of Inheritance Verses

�k�j�i�h�g�X�W�

�m¨��§��¦©��¯��®��¬��«��ª¶��µ��´��³��²��±��°¸��

¼��»��º��¹��

��Å��Ä��Ã��Â��Á��À��¿��¾��½��Ê��É��È��Ç��Æl

4–13 Those are Allah's boundaries1 and who obeys Allah

and His messenger, He makes him to enter gardens, the

rivers flow from beneath it, eternally in it, and that is the

great achievement!

4–14 And who disobeys Allah and His messenger and

transgresses His boundaries, He makes him enter a fire

eternally in it, and to him is a humiliating torture!

1 When this expression (boundaries) of the verse is taken into account, it is understood

that taking shares, excessing the share rates mentioned in verses 11 and 12, would be

a disobedience to the Supreme Creator. Similarly, resharing the non-sharing part, in

other words the remaining part of the inheritance amongst heirs, will result in

excessing the share practically, which is proposed theoretically for each heir!

511

BIBLIOGRAPHY

* Abū Dāwūd, Sulaymān b. Ash‘ath al-Sijistānī (d.

275),

al-Sunan, 4 vols., ed. Muḥammad Muḥiyy al-Dīn ‘Abd al-ḥamīd (Dār al-Fikr, n.d.)

* al-Dāraquṭnī, ‘Alī b. ‘Umar (d. 385),

al-Sunan, 4 vols., ed. ‘Abdullāh Hāshim Yamānī al-Madanī (Beirut: Dār al-Ma‘rifa, 1966/1386)

* al-Bayhaqī, Aṭmad b. ṭusayn b. ‘Alī (d. 458),

al-Sunan al-Kubrā, 10 vols., ed. Muḥammad ‘Abd al-Qādir ‘Aḥā (Makka al-Mukarrama: Maktabat Dār al-Bāz, 1994/1414)

* al-Bukhārī, Abū ‘Abdullāh Muṭammad b. Ismā‘īl (d. 256),

al-ṢaṢīṢ, 6 vols., ed. Muḥḥafā Dīb al-Bighā, (3d. ed., Beirut: Dār Ibn Kathīr, 1987/1407)

* al-ṭākim al-Nīsābūrī, Muṭammad b. ‘Abdullāh (d. 405),

al-Mustadrak ‘ala al-ṢaṢīṢayn, 4 vols., ed. Muḥḥafa ‘Abd al-Qādir ‘Aḥā (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyya, 1990/1411)


512

* al-Tirmidhī, Muṭammad b. ‘Īsā Abū ‘Īsā (d. 279),

al-Jāmi‘, 5 vols., ed. Aḥmad Muḥammad Shākir (Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī, n.d.)

* Ibn Khuzayma, Muṭammad b. Isṭāq (d. 311),

al-ṢaṢīṢ, 4 vols., ed. Muḥammad Muḥḥafa al-A‘ḥamī (Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1970/1390)

* Mālik b. Anas (d. 179),

al-MuwaṢṢa’, 2 vols., ed. Muḥammad Fu’ād ‘Abd al-Bāqī (Cairo: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī, n.d.)

* Ibn Māja, Muṭammad b. Yazīd al-Qazwīnī (d. 273),

al-Sunan, 2 vols., ed. Muḥammad Fu’ād ‘Abd al-Bāqī (Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, n.d.)

* Muslim b. ṭajjāj al-Qushayrī (d. 261),

al-ṢaṢīṢ, 4 vols. + index vol., ed. Muḥammad Fu’ād ‘Abd al-Bāqī (Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī, 1956-72)

SHARES INDEX (DECEASED: WOMAN) N.I. : The presence is not important (No Share)

M: The property adjusted from the testament and the debt.

Share: Per share for each heir.

Son Daughter Father Mother Brother Sister Husband Page

Number 3 3 N.I. N.I. N.I. N.I. N.I. 181

Share 2M/9 M/9 0 0 0 0 0


Share 2M/8 M/8 0 0 0 0 0


Share 2M/7 M/7 0 0 0 0 0


Share M/3 0 0 0 0 0


Share 2M/7 M/7 0 0 0 0 0


Share 2M/5 M/5 0 0 0 0 0


Share M/3 M/6 0 0 0 0 0


Share 2M/5 M/5 0 0 0 0 0


514



Share M/2 0 0 0 0 0


Share M/2 M/4 0 0 0 0 0


Share 2M/3 M/3 0 0 0 0 0


Share M 0 0 0 0 0

Number 0 3 YES YES N.I. N.I. YES 185

Share 2M/9 M/18 M/18 0 0 M/12

Number 0 3 YES YES N.I. N.I. NO 384

Share 2M/9 M/18 M/18 0 0

Number 0 3 YES NO N.I. N.I. YES 385

Share 2M/9 M/18 0 0 M/12

Number 0 3 NO YES N.I. N.I. YES 386

Share 2M/9 M/18 0 0 M/12

Number 0 3 NO NO N.I. N.I. YES 387

Share 2M/9 0 0 M/12

Number 0 3 YES NO N.I. N.I. NO 388

Share 2M/9 M/18 0 0

SHARES INDEX (DECEASED: WOMAN)

515


Number 0 3 NO YES N.I. N.I. NO 389

Share 2M/9 M/18 0 0

Number 0 3 NO NO N.I. N.I. NO 390

Share 2M/9 0 0


Share M/3 M/18 M/18 0 0 M/12


Share M/2 M/12 M/12 0 0 M/8


Share M/3 M/18 M/18 0 0


Share M/2 M/12 M/12 0 0


Share M/3 M/18 0 0 M/12


Share M/2 M/12 0 0 M/8


Share M/3 M/18 0 0 M/12


Share M/2 M/12 0 0 M/8


516



Share M/3 0 0 M/12


Share M/2 0 0 M/8


Share M/3 M/18 0 0


Share M/2 M/12 0 0


Share M/3 M/18 0 0


Share M/2 M/12 0 0


Share M/3 0 0


Share M/2 0 0


Share M/6 M/3 M/2


Share 2M/3 M/3


517



Share M/2 M/2


Share M

Number 0 0 NO YES 3 3 YES 193

Share M/6 2M/27 M/27 M/2

Number 0 0 NO YES 3 3 NO 415

Share M/6 2M/27 M/27


Share M/3 M/2


Share M/3


Share M/3 M/6 M/2


Share M/3 M/6 M/2


Share M/3 M/6


Share M/3 M/6


518


Number 0 0 NO NO 3 3 YES 197

Share M/9 M/18 M/2


Share M/6 M/2

Number 0 0 NO NO 3 3 NO 426

Share 2M/9 M/9


Share M/3


Share M/4 M/2


Share M/2


Share M/2 M/2


Share M


Share M/9 M/2


Share M/6 M/2


519



Share M/2 M/2


Share 2M/9


Share M/3


Share M/2


Share M/2

SHARES INDEX (DECEASED: MAN) N.I. : The presence is not important (No Share)

M: The property adjusted from the testament and the debt.

Share: Per share for each heir.

Son Daughter Father Mother Brother Sister Wife Page


Share M 0 0 0 0 0 0


Share M/2 0 0 0 0 0 0


Share M/3 0 0 0 0 0 0


Share 2M/3 M/3 0 0 0 0 0


Share 2M/5 M/5 0 0 0 0 0


Share 2M/7 M/7 0 0 0 0 0


Share M/2 M/4 0 0 0 0 0


Share M/3 M/6 0 0 0 0 0



522


Share M/4 M/8 0 0 0 0 0


Share 2M/5 M/5 0 0 0 0 0


Share 2M/7 M/7 0 0 0 0 0


Share 2M/9 M/9 0 0 0 0 0

Number 0 3 YES YES N.I. N.I. 4 153

Share 2M/9 M/18 M/18 0 0 M/36


Share M/3 M/18 M/18 0 0 M/36


Share M/2 M/12 M/12 0 0 M/24

Number 0 3 YES NO N.I. N.I. 4 229

Share 2M/9 M/18 0 0 5M/144


Share M/3 M/18 0 0 5M/144


Share M/2 M/12 0 0 5M/96

Number 0 3 NO YES N.I. N.I. 4 232

SHARES INDEX (DECEASED: MAN)

523


Share 2M/9 M/18 0 0 5M/144


Share M/3 M/18 0 0 5M/144


Share M/2 M/12 0 0 5M/96

Number 0 3 NO NO N.I. N.I. 4 235

Share 2M/9 0 0 M/24


Share M/3 0 0 M/24


Share M/2 0 0 M/16


Share 2M/9 M/18 M/18 0 0 M/36


Share 2M/9 M/18 M/18 0 0 M/36


Share 2M/9 M/18 M/18 0 0 M/36


Share 2M/9 M/18 M/18 0 0



524


Share M/3 M/18 M/18 0 0 M/36


Share M/3 M/18 M/18 0 0 M/36


Share M/3 M/18 M/18 0 0 M/36


Share M/3 M/18 M/18 0 0


Share M/2 M/12 M/12 0 0 M/24


Share M/2 M/12 M/12 0 0 M/24


Share M/2 M/12 M/12 0 0 M/24


Share M/2 M/12 M/12 0 0


Share 2M/9 M/18 0 0 5M/144


Share 2M/9 M/18 0 0 5M/144



525


Share 2M/9 M/18 0 0 5M/144


Share 2M/9 M/18 0 0


Share M/3 M/18 0 0 5M/144


Share M/3 M/18 0 0 5M/144


Share M/3 M/18 0 0 5M/144


Share M/3 M/18 0 0


Share M/2 M/12 0 0 5M/96


Share M/2 M/12 0 0 5M/96


Share M/2 M/12 0 0 5M/96


Share M/2 M/12 0 0



526


Share 2M/9 M/18 0 0 5M/144


Share 2M/9 M/18 0 0 5M/144


Share 2M/9 M/18 0 0 5M/144


Share 2M/9 M/18 0 0 5M/144


Share M/3 M/18 0 0 5M/144


Share M/3 M/18 0 0 5M/144


Share M/3 M/18 0 0 5M/144


Share M/3 M/18 0 0


Share M/2 M/12 0 0 5M/96


Share M/2 M/12 0 0 5M/96



527


Share M/2 M/12 0 0 5M/96


Share M/2 M/12 0 0


Share 2M/9 0 0 M/24


Share 2M/9 0 0 M/24


Share 2M/9 0 0 M/24


Share 2M/9 0 0


Share M/3 0 0 M/24


Share M/3 0 0 M/24


Share M/3 0 0 M/24


Share M/3 0 0



528


Share M/2 0 0 M/16


Share M/2 0 0 M/16


Share M/2 0 0 M/16


Share M/2 0 0


Share 0 M/3 M/6


Share 0 M/4


Share M/6 M/3 M/6


Share M/3 M/3 M/6


Share M/2 M/3 M/6


Share 2M/3 M/3



529


Share M/4 M/4


Share M/2 M/4


Share 3M/4 M/4


Share M

Number 0 0 NO YES 3 3 4 161

Share M/6 2M/27 M/27 M/8


Share M/3 M/6 M/8


Share M/3 M/6 M/8


Share M/3 M/6


Share M/6 2M/27 M/27 M/8


Share M/6 2M/27 M/27 M/8



530


Share M/6 2M/27 M/27 M/8


Share M/6 2M/27 M/27


Share M/3 M/6 M/8


Share M/3 M/6 M/8


Share M/3 M/6 M/8


Share M/3 M/6


Share M/3 M/6 M/8


Share M/3 M/6 M/8


Share M/3 M/6 M/8


Share M/3 M/6



531


Share M/3 M/6


Share M/3 M/6


Share M/3 M/6


Share M/3

Number 0 0 NO NO 3 3 4 165

Share 0 0 M/4

Number 0 0 NO NO 3 0 4 323

Share 0 M/4

Number 0 0 NO NO 2 0 4 324

Share 0 M/4

Number 0 0 NO NO 1 0 4 325

Share 0 M/4

Number 0 0 NO NO 3 3 3 326

Share M/18 M/36 M/4

Number 0 0 NO NO 3 3 2 327

Share M/9 M/18 M/4

Number 0 0 NO NO 3 3 1 328


532


Share M/6 M/12 M/4

Number 0 0 NO NO 3 3 0 329

Share 2M/9 M/9

Number 0 0 NO NO 3 0 3 330

Share M/12 M/4

Number 0 0 NO NO 3 0 2 331

Share M/6 M/4

Number 0 0 NO NO 3 0 1 332

Share M/4 M/4

Number 0 0 NO NO 3 0 0 333

Share M/3

Number 0 0 NO NO 2 0 3 334

Share M/8 M/4

Number 0 0 NO NO 2 0 2 335

Share M/4 M/4

Number 0 0 NO NO 2 0 1 336

Share 3M/8 M/4

Number 0 0 NO NO 2 0 0 337

Share M/2

Number 0 0 NO NO 1 0 3 338


533


Share M/4 M/4

Number 0 0 NO NO 1 0 2 339

Share M/2 M/4

Number 0 0 NO NO 1 0 1 340

Share 3M/4 M/4

Number 0 0 NO NO 1 0 0 341

Share M

Number 0 0 NO NO 0 3 4 169

Share 2M/9 M/12

Number 0 0 NO NO 0 2 4 345

Share M/3 M/12

Number 0 0 NO NO 0 1 4 346

Share M/2 M/8

Number 0 0 NO NO 0 3 3 347

Share 2M/9 M/12

Number 0 0 NO NO 0 3 2 348

Share 2M/9 M/12

Number 0 0 NO NO 0 3 1 349

Share 2M/9 M/12

Number 0 0 NO NO 0 3 0 350


534


Share 2M/9

Number 0 0 NO NO 0 2 3 351

Share M/3 M/12

Number 0 0 NO NO 0 2 2 352

Share M/3 M/12

Number 0 0 NO NO 0 2 1 353

Share M/3 M/12

Number 0 0 NO NO 0 2 0 354

Share M/3

Number 0 0 NO NO 0 1 3 355

Share M/2 M/8

Number 0 0 NO NO 0 1 2 356

Share M/2 M/8

Number 0 0 NO NO 0 1 1 357

Share M/2 M/8

Number 0 0 NO NO 0 1 0 358

Share M/2

Number 0 0 NO NO 0 0 4 173

Share M/4

Number 0 0 NO NO 0 0 3 361


535


Share M/4

Number 0 0 NO NO 0 0 2 362

Share M/4

Number 0 0 NO NO 0 0 1 363

Share M/4

ISLAMIC INHERITANCE CALCULATOR You may find this program at this site: www.quraanicstudies.com

About The Program

1) As long as there is a son for the deceased, the

property left by the deceased after payment

the testament and debt is entirely divided

amongst the children in hereinabove

proportion. That is to say, the sons take twice

as much as the daughters. For Allah The

Almighty says: “Allah is recommending you

concerning your children: To the male like the

share of two females.” (al-Nisa/11) In this case

there is no share mentioned for the parents,

siblings and spouses.

2) If the deceased had no son/sons but left only

daughter/daughters as Allah says: “But if the

children were daughters…” (al-Nisa/11) in this

case the shares after payment the testament

and debt are as follows:

• Total share of daughters: Two thirds of the property. For Allah says: “But if the children were


538

daughters above two, then for them two thirds of what he left.” (al-Nisa/11)

• The share of the only daughter: Half of the property. For Allah says: “…but if she was alone, then for her the half.” (al-Nisa/11)

• To the parents, to each one from them one-sixth of what left by the deceased after payment the share of the daughter/daughters. For Allah says: “And to his parents, to each one from them the sixth from what he left, if for him was a child”. (al-Nisa/11)

• To the husband, one-fourth of what left by the deceased after payment the share of the daughter/daughters. For Allah says: “But if there was for them a child, then to you the quarter from what they left”. (al-Nisa/12)

• To the wifes, to each one from them one-eighth of what left by the deceased after payment the share of the daughter/daughters. For Allah says: “But if there was for you a child, then for them the eighth from what you left”. (al-Nisa/12)

• In this case, there is no share to the siblings of the deceased. For Allah says: “And if he was a man to be inherited as a Kalale…” (al-Nisa/12)


539

3) If the deceased had neither son/sons nor

daughter/daughters (state of kalalah) as Allah

says: “But if there was not for him a child…”

(al-Nisa/11), in this case the shares after

payment the testament and debt are as follows:

• The share of the mother: One-third of the property. (If there were father and not more than one sibling.) For Allah says: “But if there was not for him a child, and his parents inherited him, then to his mother the third”. (al-Nisa/11) However, if there is no father, then the mother of the deceased will turn into an unlimited heir. So she will be able to receive the shares of the missing heirs in addition to this share.

• The share of the mother: One-sixth of the property. (If there were father and more than one sibling.) For Allah says: “But if there was not for him a child, and his parents inherited him, then to his mother the third. But if siblings were for him, then to his mother the sixth”. (al-Nisa/11) However, if there is no father, then the mother of the deceased will turn into an unlimited heir. So she will be able to receive the shares of the missing heirs in addition to this share.

• The share of the only sibling: One-sixth of the property. For Allah says: “And if he was a man to be inherited as a Kalale or a woman, and for him


540

is a brother or a sister, then to each one from them the sixth”. (al-Nisa/12)

• Total share of the siblings: One-third of the property. For Allah says: “And if he was a man to be inherited as a Kalale or a woman, and for him is a brother or a sister, then to each one from them the sixth. But if they were more than that, then they are partners in the one-third”. (al-Nisa/12)

• The share of the husband: Half of the property. For Allah says: “And to you half of what your wives left, if there was not for them a child”. (al-Nisa/12)

• To the wifes, to each one from them one-fourth of what left by the deceased after payment the share of the siblings and mother. For Allah says: “And to them the quarter from what you left, if there was not for you a child”. (al-Nisa/12)

• The share of the father: Total shares of all missing heirs in the first and second stage. For Allah mentioned the father as an heir but limited not his share where He The Almighty said: “But if there was not for him a child, and his parents inherited him, then to his mother the third”. (al-Nisa/11)

• The share of the only sister: Half of the property (if there is no parents).


541

For Allah says: “If a human perished, having no child, and for him is a sister, then to her half of what he left”. (al-Nisa/176)

• Total share of the sisters: Two-thirds of the total shares of all missing heirs in the first and second stage (if there is no parents). For Allah says: “But if they were two females, then to them two thirds from what he left”. (al-Nisa/176)

• Total share of the brother/brothers: Total shares of all missing heirs in the first and second stage (if there is no parents). For Allah limited not the share of brother: “And he inherits her if there was not for her a child”. (al-Nisa/176)

• Total share of the brothers & sisters together: Total shares of all missing heirs in the first and second stage; if there is no parents (the brothers take twice as much as the sisters). For Allah limited not their total share: “And if they were siblings men and women, then to the male alike the share of the two females”. (al-Nisa/176)

SYMBOLS

M : The property adjusted from the testament and

the debt.

NoS: Number of Sons

SoS: Total Share of Sons

NoD: Number of Daughters

SoD: Total Share of Daughters

Mfrom : The remaining property from the previous

stage MT : Mother

SoMT : Share of the Mother

FT : Father

SoFT : Share of the Father

X : The remnant property from the division.

NoBT: Number of Brothers

SoBT: Total Share of Brothers

NoST: Number of Sisters

SoST: Total Share of Sisters

H : Husband SoH : Share of Husband

W1 : First Wife

W2 : Second Wife

W3 : Third Wife

W4 : Fourth Wife

SoW1 : Share of First Wife

SoW2 : Share of Second Wife

SoW3 : Share of Third Wife

SoW4 : Share of Fourth Wife


544

division of inheritance according to quran

Education