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1

DO WE NEED PEACE

12th International Symposium on the Contribution of Psychology

St. Lazarus Lecture Hall, Larnaca

6-11, June 2011

Biran MERTAN

biran.mertan@emu.edu.tr

mailto:biran.mertan@emu.edu.trmailto:biran.mertan@emu.edu.tr

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World map of the Global Peace Index 2011. Countries

appearing more green are ranked as more peaceful,

countries appearing more red are ranked as less peaceful.

Change of number of countries in each GPI class from

2007-2011.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Global_peace_index_(temporal_change).pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Global_Peace_Index_2011.svg

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Key Findings

The world is less peaceful for the third straight year

Due to an increased threat of terrorist attacks in 29 nations

A greater likelihood of violent demonstrations in 33countries

Arab Spring unrest heralds biggest ever change inrankings, Libya tumbles 83 spots

Iceland bounces back from economic woes to top ranking

Somalia displaces Iraq as worlds least peaceful nation Violence cost the global economy more than $8.12 trillion

in 2010

US peacefulness shows minimal change

http://www.visionofhumanity.org/info-center/global-peace-index-2011/

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Multi

language/religous/ethnic

Environment

1960

1963

1964

1974

1975

1981

1983

1990

2003

2004

2011

?

Opening of Ganjelli (cancel lo)

Referendum-EU membership

Extreme

ethnocentrism/

hostile

Environment

c

o

n

f

u

s

o

n

Bi-communal meetings!...

Green Line

Attila Line

Missing Persons Committee

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Multi language/religous/ethnic

Environment

Tolerance to othersMusic/poem/novel/artistic

endeavors

Churc hbel ls/Muezin cal ls for prayer

1960

1963

1964

1974

1975

1983

1990

20032004

2011

?

Opening of Ganjelli (cancel lo)Referendum-EU membership

Extreme

ethnocentrism/hostile

Environment

Nationalistic

Music/poem/novel/artistic

endeavors

c

o

n

f

u

s

o

n

Bi-communal meetings!...

Green Line

Attila Line

Pol i t ical /psychological

adaptation of language!???

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GAVUR

An example of distancingthe other from the self

Enemy, non-Muslim,Christian, infidel,unbeliever, merciless, cruel,

heartless or obstinatePopular adjective todesignate the others,

i.e., Greek Cypriots,Armenians, Latinos, andMaronites.

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ATAKAN RUZEN (2004) YSSZLER-Lack of character

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http://www.google.com.tr/imgres?imgurl=http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/images_maplib/unflag.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/flag.htm&h=256&w=384&sz=9&tbnid=D0Uu9A4htzSZpM:&tbnh=82&tbnw=123&prev=/search?q=UN+flag&tbm=isch&tbo=u&zoom=1&q=UN+flag&usg=__cygZv1rNlzkHc_CNaWxpJZ7Fxhs=&sa=X&ei=aOrwTbPRJsvfsgbY04SIBw&ved=0CDUQ9QEwAghttp://www.google.com.tr/imgres?imgurl=http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/images_maplib/unflag.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/flag.htm&h=256&w=384&sz=9&tbnid=D0Uu9A4htzSZpM:&tbnh=82&tbnw=123&prev=/search?q=UN+flag&tbm=isch&tbo=u&zoom=1&q=UN+flag&usg=__cygZv1rNlzkHc_CNaWxpJZ7Fxhs=&sa=X&ei=aOrwTbPRJsvfsgbY04SIBw&ved=0CDUQ9QEwAg

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http://www.google.com.tr/imgres?imgurl=http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/images_maplib/unflag.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/flag.htm&h=256&w=384&sz=9&tbnid=D0Uu9A4htzSZpM:&tbnh=82&tbnw=123&prev=/search?q=UN+flag&tbm=isch&tbo=u&zoom=1&q=UN+flag&usg=__cygZv1rNlzkHc_CNaWxpJZ7Fxhs=&sa=X&ei=aOrwTbPRJsvfsgbY04SIBw&ved=0CDUQ9QEwAghttp://www.google.com.tr/imgres?imgurl=http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/images_maplib/unflag.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/flag.htm&h=256&w=384&sz=9&tbnid=D0Uu9A4htzSZpM:&tbnh=82&tbnw=123&prev=/search?q=UN+flag&tbm=isch&tbo=u&zoom=1&q=UN+flag&usg=__cygZv1rNlzkHc_CNaWxpJZ7Fxhs=&sa=X&ei=aOrwTbPRJsvfsgbY04SIBw&ved=0CDUQ9QEwAg

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*REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS * REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS AUTONOMOUS TURKISH GOVERNMENT

* TURKISH FEDERATED STATE OF CYPRUS * TURKISH REPUBLIC OF NORTHERN CYPRUS

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Biran born in Lefkoa living in

Cyprus holding the following IDs REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS(1960)

REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS AUTONOMOUS TURKISH

GOVERNMENT (1974) TURKISH FEDERATED STATE OF CYPRUS (1975)

TURKISH REPUBLIC OF NORTHERN CYPRUS(1983)

+ REPUBLIC OF TURKEY(1923)

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NORTH CYPRUS Political instability

Turkishness

Cypriotness Turkish-Cypriotness

....

Muslimness...

Vibrant and unresolved political and historical milieu

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LES IDENTITES MEURTRIERE (1998)

The frequent question how much you feel Frenchor Lebanese?

Im more French or more Lebanese...

the answer is not one nor the other: both...

Maaloufs writtings are marked by his experiences ofcivil war and migration. The novels characters areitinerant voyagers between lands, language andreligions.

AMIN MAALOUF

Born in Beriut (1949)

settled in Paris since

1976

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Amin_Maalouf.jpg&imgrefurl=http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestand:Amin_Maalouf.jpg&usg=__kmu2PGg7RJiF4klvi69iCkI9dXM=&h=1600&w=1200&sz=879&hl=en&start=43&um=1&tbnid=DVMiS6Ua4ihpKM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=113&prev=/images?q=amin+maalouf&ndsp=20&hl=en&sa=N&start=40&um=1

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The meaning of concepts peace and war varies

greatly between and within socio-cultural settings(Brock-Utne, 1989; Galtung, 1981; Ishida,1969).

Ishida (1969) underlined the importance ofunderstanding and clarifying variations and

similarities in the conceptualisation of peace. Ex:

Mutlu Bar Harekat-

Happy operation for Peace The occupation-intervention of Turkish

army

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Mr Sava Mr Bar

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erd

arM.

Deirmenciolu200

9

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TURKISH-CYPRIOT CHILDREN

RAISED IN A SETTING OF Overexaggerated ethnocentric historical narratives

and historical events strenthening ethnic identity

Symbols and emblems

Etnocentric curricula involving outgroup deregotion

and national pride

And hostility against the other (gavur)

POLITICAL PARALLEL PLAY

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Strategies for attaining peace in Cyprus is an area

of research that has been developing. Cypriot Universities are recently established...

Directed and initiated by the outsiders...

Fundings...

PUBLIC DATABASE: Need for the integration ofkey findings on the contribution of psychology to

peace research in Cyprus in order to make themaccessible to everyone working on this topic...

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We need Peace!... Media & message content

Like electronic, telephonic communication should beaccessible

Maximize mutual trust & reduce intergroup biais

Peace Education

Stop the psychological phenomena of demonizingmembers of other cultures

Burried traumas

Missing persons committee should carefully carry out... Strong gender perspective

Stop martyrizing the environment

School names, street names....

Good intentions

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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION