diversity of life. species organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring
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Diversity of Life
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Species
• Organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring
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Population
• Group of the same species living in the same place at the same time
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Gene Pool
• All of the genes in an entire population
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Mutation
• Spontaneous change in DNA sequence
• Source of new genes/alleles in a population
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Variation
• Naturally occurring differences between members of a species
• Result of different combinations of genes/alleles
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Natural Selection
• We observe and measure that-
• 1. There are more organisms born than can survive
• 2. There is naturally occurring variation in populations
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• As a result, members of a population with traits that are an advantage to survival (Best Fit) will pass on those traits to the future gene pool.
• Over time the gene pool changes to contain more of these traits
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Evolution
• Change in heritable traits of the gene pool, over time
• Populations evolve, not individuals
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Evidence for Evolution• 1. Fossil Record
• Deeper rock layers are older then the layers above them.
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• Fossils from various levels show how organisms have changed over time
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2. Homologous Structures
• Structures with different mature forms develop from the same embryonic tissues.
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3. Embryology
• embryonic cells develop in the same order and in similar patterns to produce tissues and organs in all vertebrates.
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4. Biochemical
• Similarities in DNA, RNA and proteins show relationships
• Changes in DNA sequence can be used as a molecular indicator or ‘clock’ to determine when divergence occurred
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Speciation
• The formation of new species
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• Recall that species are defined as organisms that can mate and produce offspring that can mate.
• If populations are isolated, Natural Selection may affect their gene pools in different ways.
• If in time, they have changed to the point of not being able to interbreed, new species have evolved.
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• Isolation can be caused by-
• Geography- mountains, islands, rivers, highways.
• Behavior- courtship rituals, songs
• Temporal- timing