distribution transformer monitoring controlling and protection

Mungi Engineers Pvt. Ltd.

Making Power Point Slides – Avoiding pitfalls of Bad slides

Microcontroller based monitoring controlling and

protection of distribution transformer using RF

communication

Presented by:-Vikram R. Porje

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Microcontroller based monitoring Microcontroller based monitoring controlling and protection of distribution controlling and protection of distribution

transformer using RF communicationtransformer using RF communication

Project structure

Distribution system introduction Defining parameters Objective Project section Operation Advantages Limitations Applications Conclusion

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Distribution System Introduction

Power system divided into Generation

Transmission and Distribution.

Distribution system provides power to the

consumer end.

Voltage rating is equal to or less than

33KV.

Complex(mesh) grid of power system.

Voltage statuary limit at load end should be

+/-6%.

Distribution transformer, feeder, distributor

are the main component.3





Monitoring Means continuous supervising/observing electrical parameters.

Various parameters to monitor are current , voltage, oil level ,winding

temperature ,power factor.

Controlling

Means to regulate or hold electrical parameters within statuary limits by adjusting.

For ex. If excessive temp. rise than switching on cooling fans ,less power factor than

switching capacitor banks.

Defining Parameters

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Defining Parameters

Protection

Means act of protecting & isolating system or equipment from faults.

Various faults occurs in transformer are L-G,L-L,L-L-G,L-L-L faults, incipient

faults(like core heating ,insulation failure, oil leak due to leaky joints.)

Devices used are Switchgears(with relays), Fuses, Isolators/ Disconnectors.

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Ultimate objective is to monitor the electrical parameters of distribution transformer

continuously.

Controlling the parameters & guard the burning of distribution transformer due to

the constraints such as overload, over temperature and input high voltage.

Parameters increases beyond the limit, entire unit is shut down reducing further

severe damage to the transformer i.e. Protection.

Objective

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Project Section

Main station PC RF Transreceiver

Substation Distribution transformer Current transformer RF Transreceiver Controlling circuit(Microcontroller, ADC, Relay, Caps, Diodes) Smart card reader/card.

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Main station

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Substation

Load

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Operation

In project only current parameter is taken.

Instantaneous current value ,current set point ,relay condition of transformer are seen

on main station PC & substation LCD.

In normal condition, current parameter remain within limit.

If current exceeds the set point due to faults , relay sense the current ,

microcontroller immediately sends signal to relay and relay will turn off the load ,

hence protecting transformer from fault.

These turn off information is also send to main station.

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Operation

During maintenance or load shedding the transformer can be cutoff from any

station & its total information is recorded at main station.

Authorize maintenance engineer only perform maintenance work by inserting valid

smart card in SC reader.

Then only he shut down the transformer, his card no. & transformer status is

indicated at main station.

Insertion of Invalid card is immediately detected at main station.

Overall keeping transformer under complete surveillance.

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MICROCONTROLLER BASED MONITORING MICROCONTROLLER BASED MONITORING CONTROLLING AND PROTECTION OF DISTRIBUTION CONTROLLING AND PROTECTION OF DISTRIBUTION

TRANSFORMER USING RF COMMUNICATIONTRANSFORMER USING RF COMMUNICATION

Main station PC screen

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MICROCONTROLLER BASED MONITORING MICROCONTROLLER BASED MONITORING CONTROLLING AND PROTECTION OF DISTRIBUTION CONTROLLING AND PROTECTION OF DISTRIBUTION

TRANSFORMER USING RF COMMUNICATIONTRANSFORMER USING RF COMMUNICATION

Transformer status (instantaneous current, current set point, valid smart card tag no., invalid smart card detection) ON PC SCREEN in main station.

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Advantages

Single microcontroller performs number of tasks and according operate a relay for

various types of faults.

Wireless communication makes sharing and transferring signals i.e. parameters

between stations easier.

Accurate and fast operating speed.

Controlling panel is of compact in size.

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For small distribution transformer, to implement this system is quite costlier.

Use of digital electronic devices and components makes system more

complicated.

Since it is dependent on software logic, requires latest and advanced software

logic implementation.

Limitations

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Applications

This project is used for monitoring, controlling and protecting Power Transformers

in sub stations, industrial transformers.

Used for monitoring, controlling and protecting of auxiliary transformers in

generating stations.

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Conclusion

Project presents a design of a microcontroller based system that is used to monitor

control and protect a distribution transformer from over current.

This claims that the proposed design of the system makes the distribution transformer

more robust against power quality issues and faults. Hence the distribution is made

more secure, reliable and efficient.

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Thank YouThank You

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distribution transformer monitoring controlling and protection

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