distribution network planning

1© 2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.© 2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.

Distribution Network Planning

Daniel Desrosiers, P. EngEngineering Consulting Services

2© 2013 Eaton. All Rights Reserved.

What is Planning?

• Planning (also called forethought) is the process of thinking about and organizing the activities required to achieve a desired goal.

• Planning involves the creation and maintenance of a plan. As such, planning is a fundamental property of intelligent behavior. This thought process is essential to the creation and refinement of a plan, or integration of it with other plans; that is, it combines forecasting of developments with the preparation of scenarios of how to react to them.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thinking

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forecasting


Network Planning Goals

• Reach all consumers wanting to be connected.

• Meet their demand.• Provide satisfactory power supply

reliability.• Provide power supply quality.


Planning and Forecast

• An important, albeit often ignored aspect of planning, is the relationship it holds with forecasting. Forecasting can be described as predicting what the future will look like, whereas planning predicts what the future should look like.[1] The counterpart to planning is spontaneous order.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planning

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous_order


Planning Overview

5

The evolution of a distribution power system comprises a number of stages of development

Although capacity, security and quality/efficiency of supply are of concern throughout the development of a system, the focus shifts over time. In the early stages of rapid load growth or reconstruction, the priority is to build sufficient capacity to meet the load demands. Following establishment of the network and loads, security of supply becomes a critical factor. Once the system has matured, the focus is on optimization in terms of supplyquality and efficiency.


The EnvironmentSTRATEGIC PLANNING

DISTRIBUTION NETWORK PLANNING

SUBTRANSMISSION NETWORK

GENERATION CAPACITY

CUSTOMER CONNECTIONS

LOAD FORECASTING

CITY/TOWN PLANNING

RENEWABLE AND ALTERNATIVE

ENERGY SOLUTIONS

PROTECTION, RELIABILITY AND

QUALITY OF SUPPLY

NETWORK OPERATIONS &

SYSTEM DESIGN

ASSETS MANAGEMENT AND

CAPITAL/RESOURCES PLANNING

JOIN WORKING WITH OTHER

UTILITIES


High Level Planning Process


Network Analysis Part

Get Reference network YEAR n

Identify and validate solutions

Yearly T&D Scheduled

Projects and Improvements for YEAR n+1

Obtain New Yearly Network Model

Run Simulations

Introduce new loads, Apply Load growth

All ok?

>Last Year

TheEnd

Network becomes the Reference

network for year n+1

No

Update future yearly projects list

Increment YEAR counter

No Yes

Yes

Start

Review and optimize projects

plan


Finding Solutions

Identify and validate solutions

Network Solutions

Preliminary $ Estimate

Non-Network Solutions

Risk Assessment

Compare Solutions

Technical and financial

Recommendation

Update Projects list


Why use modern power system tools?

•Although most network planning related calculations could be done by hand, doing so will limit the number of studied solutions

•Using modern power system analysis tools makes it easy to create multiple project scenarios thus increasing planning quality

•Single data entry + Automation of data integration from multiple sources

•Territory or sub network approach allowing quick check of the entire network performance


Modern Power System Software is to planning what spreadsheet software was to accounting in the 80’ A wise man at Cooper/Cyme


Power System Analysis Tools

What should we look for :• It should be flexible allowing variable focus for the studies

• It should allow easy integration of forecast• Provide on demand recalculation• Answer questions, support decisions• Complete: take into consideration all the environment and integrate various data sources


Keeping up with the network!

Analysis Safety Load Time Capacity Security Quality / Efficiency

Load Flow Load Allocation Load Balancing Load Flow with Profile Network Forecaster Fault Analysis Capacitor Placement Protective Device coordination Load Flow Contingency Voltage Stability - PV Approach Single contingency Resoration Service Restoration Switching Optimization Arc Flash Hazards Volt/Var Optimization Long Term Dynamic Reliability Assessment Harmonic Transient Stability Optimal Power Flow Motor Start

Focus


Environment – Network Connection

CYMDI ST Gateway

GI S Customer Information

Enterprise Systems

CYMDI ST Network

Model

- ESRI ArcGIS 9.x- Smallworld 3.3, 4.x- Intergraph G/Technology 9.4

- LoadStar- PI -Historian- WireVision- AMR- etc.

Geographic, Connectivity, Settings

Loads, consumption,

demands

- DMS- OMS- SCADA- Maximo- etc.

- Oracle 9, 10, 11- SQL Server 2000, 2005, 2008- MS Access 2000/2003- Self-Contained Study (XML)

Settings, events history


Study case 1: PF correction

PF MW MVAMVARS (deficit)

new Mvars (capacitors)

Potential savings $M (see note)

80% 2298 2873 172490% 2298 2553 1113 611 42.2$ 95% 2298 2419 755 968 66.9$

% of deployement

MVARSCost

(@50$/kVAR)Savings

10% 96.8 4.84$ 6.69$ 25% 242.0 12.10$ 16.71$ 40% 387.3 19.36$ 26.74$

100% 968.2 48.41$ 66.86$

Note: 265 MVAR of capacitor banks installed, reducing demand by 47 megawatts, valued at $18.3 million annually

Problem: Reducing losses associated with poor PF at feeder level.

Analysis used: Optimal capacitor placement


Study case 2: VAR optimization

Problem: Good PF at peak but needed better management off-peak.Analysis used: Volt Vars optimization (VVO)

1

Peak

2

3


Study Case 3: Voltage Optimization

Problem: Initial voltage profile showing little margin for optimization (see below)



We applied various mitigation solutions: phase balancing, cap banks and voltage regulators relocation and addition. Results after corrections:


0.97

0.98

0.99

1.00

1.01

1.02

1.03

1.04

1.05

1.06

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%

MV

volta

ge (p

.u.)

% of peak level

Min and Max voltage vs load level

Voltage (at MV) Lowest

Voltage (at MV) Highest


We looked at the global picture for potential:

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

% o

f Jul

y pe

ak lo

ad

% of time

Load Values (max to min)

2

1

Margin



How does the margin translates in $$$?

Peak demand opportunitySubstation peak 22893 KW (based on July readings)

Reduction/voltage margin 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.01% 92 137 183 2292% 183 275 366 4583% 275 412 549 6874% 366 549 733 916

Potential capital cost saving @ 500.00$ / kW

Reduction/voltage margin 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.01% 45,786$ 68,679$ 91,572$ 114,465$ 2% 91,572$ 137,358$ 183,144$ 228,930$ 3% 137,358$ 206,037$ 274,716$ 343,395$ 4% 183,144$ 274,716$ 366,288$ 457,860$

CVR effi ciency factor (% saving vs % voltage reduction)




How does the margin translates in $$$?Energy opportunity (month of July)Total Energy at sub. 9497623 kWh (based on hourly July readings)

Reduction/voltage margin 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.01% 37990 56986 75981 949762% 75981 113971 151962 1899523% 113971 170957 227943 2849294% 151962 227943 303924 379905

Potential energy efficiency saving @ 0.04$ / kWh

Reduction/voltage margin 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.01% 1,520$ 2,279$ 3,039$ 3,799$ 2% 3,039$ 4,559$ 6,078$ 7,598$ 3% 4,559$ 6,838$ 9,118$ 11,397$ 4% 6,078$ 9,118$ 12,157$ 15,196$




Remember:


Questions? ...I know they have some!

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