Distribution and Abundance of Sea Otters Sea Lions and Harbor Seals in Prince

William Sound Summer 1973

By Kenneth W Pitcher and John S Vania

Survey Team Don Calkins Ed Klinkhart Ken Pitcher Karl Schneider Ron Somerville

and John Vania

A Preliminary Report Alaska Department of Fish and Game

Game Division Anchorage Alaska 21 December 1973

ABSTRACT

A shoreline survey of the Prince William Sound area was conducted to determine summer distribution and abundance of marine mammals Emphasis was placed on sea otters (Enhydra lutris) Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubata) and harbor-seals (Phoca vitulina) Observations of other marine mammals were recorded

Sea otter observations totaled 2015 animals and the population was estimated at about 5000 Current distribution patterns were established Recently populated areas include Knight Island Naked Island and the Knowles Head shyPort Gravina area

The total count of sea lions was 5134 with nearly all animals found on five rookeries and summer hauling grounds Cape St Elias Seal Rocks Lewis I The Needle and Pt Elrington Total numbers appeared to be about the same as in 1956-57 although changes in two rookeries were noted An estimate of total numbers of sea lions in the area is 6500 to 7500

The total number of harbor seals seen was 5640 The population far exceeds this figure but survey techniques are not adequate to make an estimate Some haul out areas were located and an idea of summer distribution was obtained

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

Methods

Summary of survey conditions

Sea otter Discussion Index to distribution maps Distribution maps -Nos 1- 21

Sea lion Discussion Rookery and hauling ground maps shy

Nos 22 - 26

Harbor seal Discussion Index to distribution maps Distribution maps -Nos 27 - 79

Miscellaneous observations

Summary and conclusions

Literature cited

Page No 1

1

3

5 8

9

14 15

16

16

18

-1shy

INTRODUCTION

Prince William Sound has received considerable attention in recent years due to increased concern for the coastal environment This attention was specifically focused on the area when the Valdez terminus was announced for the proposed trans-Alaska pipeline Location of oil storage and loading facilities in Valdez and heavy tanker traffic through the Sound will introduce the potential for contamination of marine habitats Degrashydation of the marine environment whether resulting from chronic small scale contamination or massive spills will affect marine mammal populations Baseline data on abundance are needed in order to detect and evaluate any changes which might occur Seasonal distribution information will be required to base sound recommendations on development in the area Continshygency plans must be based on knowledge of areas important to marine mammal populations

A review of available information indicated a definite need to increase our knowledge of marine mammal populations in the area In order to provide information which will be needed by governmental and industrial organizations research efforts must be accelerated

METHODS

As the first step in providing needed information a shoreline survey of the Prince William Sound area from Cape Puget to Cape St Elias was conducted to collect information on summer distribution and abundance of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubata) and harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) (Fig 1) Incidental observations were recorded of minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) Dall porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli) harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) killer whales (Orcinus orca) and a northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus)

Department of Fish and Game biologists participating in the survey as observers and recorders were Don Calkins Ed Klinkhart Ken Pitcher Karl Schneider Ron Somerville and John Vania

MOst of the survey was flown with two five place jet turbine helicopters a Jet Ranger (Bell 206A) and FHllOO Survey dates for the helicopter portion were 2426-29 June 1973 A Cessna 180 and Piper Super Cub (PA-18) were used to survey the Copper River Delta Controller Bay and Bering River on 2526 July 1973 A Boston whaler 17 1 skiff was used to survey the Esther I area on 7 June 1973

Total helicopter time required for the survey was 61 hours of which 40 hours were actual survey time The remaining 21 hours included ferry time dead head time travel to and from fuel caches and flights to check weather conditions The fixed wing survey of the Copper River Delta and Bering River area took 25 hours of flight time Transportation of fuel and gear in support of the helicopter survey required 143 hours of fixed wing charter

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-3shy

The h~licopter survey was flown at an altitude of 200 - 400 feet about 200 yards offshore The contour of the shoreline was followed Offshore rocks and islets were circled Airspeed was usually about 80 knots but when conshycentrations of animals were found speed was reduced Two observers and one recorder-observer were in each helicopter One observer was seated in the front and the helicopter was always flown so he was on the shore side The recorder-observer was seated directly behind the front seat obs~rver and helped with observations when not recording The third observer was in the back on the offshore side of the aircraft The pilot also assisted in making observations All observations were called out to the recorder who was equipped with large scale (180000) nautical charts and notebooks in which all data were recorded in a standardized method In some instances visual counts were supplmented with photographs to provide a more accurate estimate of numbers A 35mm camera with 50 or 105mm lens and a medium speed black and white film was used Such photographs were useful when concentrations of animals were found such as sea lion rookeries large pods of sea otters and large seal hauling areas

Fixed-wing surveys were flown with a single observer-recorder seated directly behind the pilot in the PA-18 or alongside the pilot in the Cessna 180 Airspeed was 70-100 knots and the altitude was 300-700 feet Data were recorded in a similar fashion to the helicopter survey Photoshygraphs were used to supplement visual counts

SURVEY CONDITIONS

Weather conditions affect the efficiency of marine mammal surveys and any factors which reduce visibility will be detrimental Kenyon (1969) used the following criteria to subjectively describe sea otter survey conditions

Excellent - no wind high overcast (water glassy) and no glare Good - light wind (to 6 or 8 knots) and overcast or no wind (glassy ---- water) but sun glare present Fair - light wind to 10 knots and surface glare or wind 8 to 15 knots

and sky overcast Poor - winds over 10 knots and glare on water or wind over 15 knots ---- regardless of sky cover

Following is a summary of survey weather conditions taken from field notes

Kayak I 26 July 1973- good conditions some surface glare offshore

Bering River Controller Bay 26 July 1973 - good conditions calm overcast some fog

Copper River Delta 25 July 1973 - good conditions calm overcast some fog

Hawkins I 24 June 1973 - fair to poor surface calm but rain on bubble made forward visibility poor

Hinchinbrook I

Montague I north end

Green I

Montague I south end

Cordova to Pt Freemantle

Columbia Bay Glacier I Unakwik

Naked Storey I

Seal Smith I

Knight I north end Eleanor Ingot Disc I

Knight I south end

Dutch Group Axel Lind Perry I

Ports Wells College and Harriman Fiords

Crafton I to Whittier

Latouche Elrington I

Evans Bainbridge I

Port Bainbridge

Whale Bay to Crafton I

-4shy

24 June 1973 - fair to excellent surface conditions calm rain on north side reduced visibility from front excellent on south side

24 June 1973 - fair to poor surface conditions calm rain in Zaikof Bay

24 June 1973 - excellent calm and overcast

26 June 1973 - excellent to good surface conditions calm some glare at Cape Cleare arid offshore

26 June 1973 - excellent to good surface conditions calm rain squalls at head several bays

28 June 1973 - good light west wind some glare

28 June 1973 - good 5 knot west wind some glare

27 June 1973 - excellent calm surface broken overcast no glare

27 June 1973 - good calm but glare in some areas

27 June 1973 - good to poor some light winds glare very bad at times on offshore side

29 June 1973 - good light wind overcast

29 June 1973 - excellent calm surface overcast

29 June 1973 - excellent to good calm overcast some shadows near shore

27 June - fair to poor some chop on water glare

27 June 1973 - fair to poor some bad glare when heading south

28 June 1973 - poor choppy in middle of bays bad glare

28 June 1973 - good glare sky clear

-5shy

SEA OTTER

Historical records indicate that sea otters were fairly abundant in Prince William Sound prior to 1742 the beginning of Russian exploitation Howshyever by 1800 aboriginal populations of sea otters in the Prince William Sound area had been reduced to very low levels Continued Russian hunting through 1867 and then intensive American exploitation until 1911 prevented any recovery (Lensink 1962)

Remnant groups of animals apparently survived as shown by Kenyons (1969) report of two illegally taken sea otter skins seized by the government at Seward in 1924 The repopulation of Prince William So~nd and the Kayak I area undoubtedly resulted from the buildup and dispersal of these remnant groups The pattern of population recovery is fairly evident when Lensinks (1962) summary of pre 1961 observations is examined along with Department records and results of this survey (table 1)

Sizable groups of otters were reported during the late 1940s and early 1950s from Montague I Hinchinbrook I Latouche-Elrington I and the Kayak I area Rare sightings of one or two animals were made in other areas (Lensink 1962) In the early 1960s distribution remained about the same but numbers appeared to have increased Now several additional areas are well populated including Knight I Naked I and the Knowles Head - Port Gravina area A group of 34 sea otters was recently found in Harriman Fiord far from any well populated area Additional small groups and singles are occassionally seen almost any where in Prince William Sound Sightings from the formerly barren northwestern portion of the Sound are increasingly frequent

During the same time period sea otter numbers around Kayak I appear to have dropped Aerial surveys in 1959 and 1960 produced 138 and 122 animals Five Department surveys between 1964 and 1973 failed to find more than 39 sea otters although a pilot reported seeing 85-100 otters in1965 Reasons for the apparent decline are not known but several possibilities have been advanced Changes in habitat resulting from the 1964 earthquake might have reduced carrying capacity although some areas in Prince William Sound appeared to experience more severe disturbance without corresponding reducshytions in numbers Reports of otters down the coast toward Yakutat have caused speculation of emigration

Helicopter surveys for sea otter are useful in determining and monitoring changes in distribution They are of limited value in determining magnitude and changes in population size Survey results vary as numerous factors influence the number of animals seen Distribution of sea otters will affect the number seen When animals are scattered offshore many are missed during a shoreline survey Higher counts will be obtained when otters are found in large pods close to shore as they are less likely to be missed Some otters are diving for food and will be missed Kenyon and Spencer (1960) assumed that nearly 25 of the otters in the flight path will be submerged and missed during a survey Weather conditions time of day observer experience and ability and pilot ability all affect survey results

-6shy

Table 1 Summary of sea otter surveys and sightings Prince William Sound - Kayak I

Area Pre-1959a 1959b 1960c 1964d 1970e 1973f

Kayak I NS 163 122 39 5 7

Hawkins I 1 (1951) NS NS NS 1 10

Hinch Egg I 150 (1951) 58 48 167 101 367

Montague I 78 (1957) 349 100 42 259 514

Green I area NS 42 101 116 103 135

Galena Bay to NS NS NS NS 1 6 Fish Bay

Fish Bay to Cordova NS 0 NS NS 104 200

Esther Pass to NS 0 NS NS NS 18 Valdez Arm

Naked Storey 1 (1959) NS 0 0 NS 159 Peak I

Knight Eleanor I 2 (1956) N S 1 3 145 208

Port Wells College NS N S NS Ns NS 35 Harr Fiords Esther I

Nellie Juan to NS 0 NS NS 1 28 Passage Canal

P Bainbridge 64 (1949) 96 149 41 133 293 Latouche area

Other Sightings of Interest

1 Whittier 6 winter 1969-70 2 Perry I 5 1968 3 Falls Bay 4 1968 4 Dangerous Pass 5 1968 5 Kayak I 35 1968

85-100 1965

a Lens ink (1962) - summary of miscellaneous observation b Lensink (1962) - fixed wing aerial survey c Lensink (1962) - fixed wing aerial survey d ADFampG - fixed wing aerial survey e ADFampG - fixed wing aerial survey f ADFampG - Helicopter survey

-7shy

Lensink (1962) estimated the Prince William Sound - Kayak I populations at 1000-1500 based on actual observations of 702 otters during a fixed wing survey Considering recent information on the accuracy of various types of sea otter surveys (Schneider 1971) his estimate was probably conservative possibly by 100 The Alaska Department of Fish amp Game (1973) estimates the population at 5000 This figure seems reasonable in light of the 2015 otters counted on this survey (map nos 1- 21) Comparative shore- helicopter counts on Amchitka Island showed that two to four times as many animals could be counted from the shore and even then some are missed (Schneider 1971)

In the Aleutian Islands sea otters form sexual segregations which have been studied by several observers Lensink (1962) Kenyon (1969) and Schneider (19721973) These workers found discrete female areas composed of females pups and some mature males and male areas in which numerous subadult males and some older males are found Number of males in the female areas varies directly with the number of estrous females In the Aleutians male areas are usually found where shallow water extends farther offshore than normal often near an exposed point of land or a pass between islands Female areas are often points with water sheltered by rocks and islets (Schneider 1971)

If sexual segregation exists in Prince William Sound it doesnt appear to take the same form as in the Aleutians Some areas seem to have charactershyistics of female areas but no discrete male areas have been found (Schneider 1973) Habitat is considerably different from the Aleutians and sexual segregation could be expressed in a different way

Accurate knowledge of segregation and identification of specific areas would be important in event of localized kills of sea otters It would be impossible to adequately evaluate effect on the population without knowing which segments were involved The desired information could be obtained with shore and skiff counts in certain areas and selective collecting

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ABSTRACT

A shoreline survey of the Prince William Sound area was conducted to determine summer distribution and abundance of marine mammals Emphasis was placed on sea otters (Enhydra lutris) Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubata) and harbor-seals (Phoca vitulina) Observations of other marine mammals were recorded

Sea otter observations totaled 2015 animals and the population was estimated at about 5000 Current distribution patterns were established Recently populated areas include Knight Island Naked Island and the Knowles Head shyPort Gravina area

The total count of sea lions was 5134 with nearly all animals found on five rookeries and summer hauling grounds Cape St Elias Seal Rocks Lewis I The Needle and Pt Elrington Total numbers appeared to be about the same as in 1956-57 although changes in two rookeries were noted An estimate of total numbers of sea lions in the area is 6500 to 7500

The total number of harbor seals seen was 5640 The population far exceeds this figure but survey techniques are not adequate to make an estimate Some haul out areas were located and an idea of summer distribution was obtained

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

Methods

Summary of survey conditions

Sea otter Discussion Index to distribution maps Distribution maps -Nos 1- 21

Sea lion Discussion Rookery and hauling ground maps shy

Nos 22 - 26

Harbor seal Discussion Index to distribution maps Distribution maps -Nos 27 - 79

Miscellaneous observations

Summary and conclusions

Literature cited

Page No 1

1

3

5 8

9

14 15

16

16

18

-1shy

INTRODUCTION

Prince William Sound has received considerable attention in recent years due to increased concern for the coastal environment This attention was specifically focused on the area when the Valdez terminus was announced for the proposed trans-Alaska pipeline Location of oil storage and loading facilities in Valdez and heavy tanker traffic through the Sound will introduce the potential for contamination of marine habitats Degrashydation of the marine environment whether resulting from chronic small scale contamination or massive spills will affect marine mammal populations Baseline data on abundance are needed in order to detect and evaluate any changes which might occur Seasonal distribution information will be required to base sound recommendations on development in the area Continshygency plans must be based on knowledge of areas important to marine mammal populations

A review of available information indicated a definite need to increase our knowledge of marine mammal populations in the area In order to provide information which will be needed by governmental and industrial organizations research efforts must be accelerated

METHODS

As the first step in providing needed information a shoreline survey of the Prince William Sound area from Cape Puget to Cape St Elias was conducted to collect information on summer distribution and abundance of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubata) and harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) (Fig 1) Incidental observations were recorded of minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) Dall porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli) harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) killer whales (Orcinus orca) and a northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus)

Department of Fish and Game biologists participating in the survey as observers and recorders were Don Calkins Ed Klinkhart Ken Pitcher Karl Schneider Ron Somerville and John Vania

MOst of the survey was flown with two five place jet turbine helicopters a Jet Ranger (Bell 206A) and FHllOO Survey dates for the helicopter portion were 2426-29 June 1973 A Cessna 180 and Piper Super Cub (PA-18) were used to survey the Copper River Delta Controller Bay and Bering River on 2526 July 1973 A Boston whaler 17 1 skiff was used to survey the Esther I area on 7 June 1973

Total helicopter time required for the survey was 61 hours of which 40 hours were actual survey time The remaining 21 hours included ferry time dead head time travel to and from fuel caches and flights to check weather conditions The fixed wing survey of the Copper River Delta and Bering River area took 25 hours of flight time Transportation of fuel and gear in support of the helicopter survey required 143 hours of fixed wing charter

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The h~licopter survey was flown at an altitude of 200 - 400 feet about 200 yards offshore The contour of the shoreline was followed Offshore rocks and islets were circled Airspeed was usually about 80 knots but when conshycentrations of animals were found speed was reduced Two observers and one recorder-observer were in each helicopter One observer was seated in the front and the helicopter was always flown so he was on the shore side The recorder-observer was seated directly behind the front seat obs~rver and helped with observations when not recording The third observer was in the back on the offshore side of the aircraft The pilot also assisted in making observations All observations were called out to the recorder who was equipped with large scale (180000) nautical charts and notebooks in which all data were recorded in a standardized method In some instances visual counts were supplmented with photographs to provide a more accurate estimate of numbers A 35mm camera with 50 or 105mm lens and a medium speed black and white film was used Such photographs were useful when concentrations of animals were found such as sea lion rookeries large pods of sea otters and large seal hauling areas

Fixed-wing surveys were flown with a single observer-recorder seated directly behind the pilot in the PA-18 or alongside the pilot in the Cessna 180 Airspeed was 70-100 knots and the altitude was 300-700 feet Data were recorded in a similar fashion to the helicopter survey Photoshygraphs were used to supplement visual counts

SURVEY CONDITIONS

Weather conditions affect the efficiency of marine mammal surveys and any factors which reduce visibility will be detrimental Kenyon (1969) used the following criteria to subjectively describe sea otter survey conditions

Excellent - no wind high overcast (water glassy) and no glare Good - light wind (to 6 or 8 knots) and overcast or no wind (glassy ---- water) but sun glare present Fair - light wind to 10 knots and surface glare or wind 8 to 15 knots

and sky overcast Poor - winds over 10 knots and glare on water or wind over 15 knots ---- regardless of sky cover

Following is a summary of survey weather conditions taken from field notes

Kayak I 26 July 1973- good conditions some surface glare offshore

Bering River Controller Bay 26 July 1973 - good conditions calm overcast some fog

Copper River Delta 25 July 1973 - good conditions calm overcast some fog

Hawkins I 24 June 1973 - fair to poor surface calm but rain on bubble made forward visibility poor

Hinchinbrook I

Montague I north end

Green I

Montague I south end

Cordova to Pt Freemantle

Columbia Bay Glacier I Unakwik

Naked Storey I

Seal Smith I

Knight I north end Eleanor Ingot Disc I

Knight I south end

Dutch Group Axel Lind Perry I

Ports Wells College and Harriman Fiords

Crafton I to Whittier

Latouche Elrington I

Evans Bainbridge I

Port Bainbridge

Whale Bay to Crafton I

-4shy

24 June 1973 - fair to excellent surface conditions calm rain on north side reduced visibility from front excellent on south side

24 June 1973 - fair to poor surface conditions calm rain in Zaikof Bay

24 June 1973 - excellent calm and overcast

26 June 1973 - excellent to good surface conditions calm some glare at Cape Cleare arid offshore

26 June 1973 - excellent to good surface conditions calm rain squalls at head several bays

28 June 1973 - good light west wind some glare

28 June 1973 - good 5 knot west wind some glare

27 June 1973 - excellent calm surface broken overcast no glare

27 June 1973 - good calm but glare in some areas

27 June 1973 - good to poor some light winds glare very bad at times on offshore side

29 June 1973 - good light wind overcast

29 June 1973 - excellent calm surface overcast

29 June 1973 - excellent to good calm overcast some shadows near shore

27 June - fair to poor some chop on water glare

27 June 1973 - fair to poor some bad glare when heading south

28 June 1973 - poor choppy in middle of bays bad glare

28 June 1973 - good glare sky clear

-5shy

SEA OTTER

Historical records indicate that sea otters were fairly abundant in Prince William Sound prior to 1742 the beginning of Russian exploitation Howshyever by 1800 aboriginal populations of sea otters in the Prince William Sound area had been reduced to very low levels Continued Russian hunting through 1867 and then intensive American exploitation until 1911 prevented any recovery (Lensink 1962)

Remnant groups of animals apparently survived as shown by Kenyons (1969) report of two illegally taken sea otter skins seized by the government at Seward in 1924 The repopulation of Prince William So~nd and the Kayak I area undoubtedly resulted from the buildup and dispersal of these remnant groups The pattern of population recovery is fairly evident when Lensinks (1962) summary of pre 1961 observations is examined along with Department records and results of this survey (table 1)

Sizable groups of otters were reported during the late 1940s and early 1950s from Montague I Hinchinbrook I Latouche-Elrington I and the Kayak I area Rare sightings of one or two animals were made in other areas (Lensink 1962) In the early 1960s distribution remained about the same but numbers appeared to have increased Now several additional areas are well populated including Knight I Naked I and the Knowles Head - Port Gravina area A group of 34 sea otters was recently found in Harriman Fiord far from any well populated area Additional small groups and singles are occassionally seen almost any where in Prince William Sound Sightings from the formerly barren northwestern portion of the Sound are increasingly frequent

During the same time period sea otter numbers around Kayak I appear to have dropped Aerial surveys in 1959 and 1960 produced 138 and 122 animals Five Department surveys between 1964 and 1973 failed to find more than 39 sea otters although a pilot reported seeing 85-100 otters in1965 Reasons for the apparent decline are not known but several possibilities have been advanced Changes in habitat resulting from the 1964 earthquake might have reduced carrying capacity although some areas in Prince William Sound appeared to experience more severe disturbance without corresponding reducshytions in numbers Reports of otters down the coast toward Yakutat have caused speculation of emigration

Helicopter surveys for sea otter are useful in determining and monitoring changes in distribution They are of limited value in determining magnitude and changes in population size Survey results vary as numerous factors influence the number of animals seen Distribution of sea otters will affect the number seen When animals are scattered offshore many are missed during a shoreline survey Higher counts will be obtained when otters are found in large pods close to shore as they are less likely to be missed Some otters are diving for food and will be missed Kenyon and Spencer (1960) assumed that nearly 25 of the otters in the flight path will be submerged and missed during a survey Weather conditions time of day observer experience and ability and pilot ability all affect survey results

-6shy

Table 1 Summary of sea otter surveys and sightings Prince William Sound - Kayak I

Area Pre-1959a 1959b 1960c 1964d 1970e 1973f

Kayak I NS 163 122 39 5 7

Hawkins I 1 (1951) NS NS NS 1 10

Hinch Egg I 150 (1951) 58 48 167 101 367

Montague I 78 (1957) 349 100 42 259 514

Green I area NS 42 101 116 103 135

Galena Bay to NS NS NS NS 1 6 Fish Bay

Fish Bay to Cordova NS 0 NS NS 104 200

Esther Pass to NS 0 NS NS NS 18 Valdez Arm

Naked Storey 1 (1959) NS 0 0 NS 159 Peak I

Knight Eleanor I 2 (1956) N S 1 3 145 208

Port Wells College NS N S NS Ns NS 35 Harr Fiords Esther I

Nellie Juan to NS 0 NS NS 1 28 Passage Canal

P Bainbridge 64 (1949) 96 149 41 133 293 Latouche area

Other Sightings of Interest

1 Whittier 6 winter 1969-70 2 Perry I 5 1968 3 Falls Bay 4 1968 4 Dangerous Pass 5 1968 5 Kayak I 35 1968

85-100 1965

a Lens ink (1962) - summary of miscellaneous observation b Lensink (1962) - fixed wing aerial survey c Lensink (1962) - fixed wing aerial survey d ADFampG - fixed wing aerial survey e ADFampG - fixed wing aerial survey f ADFampG - Helicopter survey

-7shy

Lensink (1962) estimated the Prince William Sound - Kayak I populations at 1000-1500 based on actual observations of 702 otters during a fixed wing survey Considering recent information on the accuracy of various types of sea otter surveys (Schneider 1971) his estimate was probably conservative possibly by 100 The Alaska Department of Fish amp Game (1973) estimates the population at 5000 This figure seems reasonable in light of the 2015 otters counted on this survey (map nos 1- 21) Comparative shore- helicopter counts on Amchitka Island showed that two to four times as many animals could be counted from the shore and even then some are missed (Schneider 1971)

In the Aleutian Islands sea otters form sexual segregations which have been studied by several observers Lensink (1962) Kenyon (1969) and Schneider (19721973) These workers found discrete female areas composed of females pups and some mature males and male areas in which numerous subadult males and some older males are found Number of males in the female areas varies directly with the number of estrous females In the Aleutians male areas are usually found where shallow water extends farther offshore than normal often near an exposed point of land or a pass between islands Female areas are often points with water sheltered by rocks and islets (Schneider 1971)

If sexual segregation exists in Prince William Sound it doesnt appear to take the same form as in the Aleutians Some areas seem to have charactershyistics of female areas but no discrete male areas have been found (Schneider 1973) Habitat is considerably different from the Aleutians and sexual segregation could be expressed in a different way

Accurate knowledge of segregation and identification of specific areas would be important in event of localized kills of sea otters It would be impossible to adequately evaluate effect on the population without knowing which segments were involved The desired information could be obtained with shore and skiff counts in certain areas and selective collecting

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Sea otter Copper River Delta Helicopter survey 23 June 1973 Scale 1250000 Total otters = 0

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

Methods

Summary of survey conditions

Sea otter Discussion Index to distribution maps Distribution maps -Nos 1- 21

Sea lion Discussion Rookery and hauling ground maps shy

Nos 22 - 26

Harbor seal Discussion Index to distribution maps Distribution maps -Nos 27 - 79

Miscellaneous observations

Summary and conclusions

Literature cited

Page No 1

1

3

5 8

9

14 15

16

16

18

-1shy

INTRODUCTION

Prince William Sound has received considerable attention in recent years due to increased concern for the coastal environment This attention was specifically focused on the area when the Valdez terminus was announced for the proposed trans-Alaska pipeline Location of oil storage and loading facilities in Valdez and heavy tanker traffic through the Sound will introduce the potential for contamination of marine habitats Degrashydation of the marine environment whether resulting from chronic small scale contamination or massive spills will affect marine mammal populations Baseline data on abundance are needed in order to detect and evaluate any changes which might occur Seasonal distribution information will be required to base sound recommendations on development in the area Continshygency plans must be based on knowledge of areas important to marine mammal populations

A review of available information indicated a definite need to increase our knowledge of marine mammal populations in the area In order to provide information which will be needed by governmental and industrial organizations research efforts must be accelerated

METHODS

As the first step in providing needed information a shoreline survey of the Prince William Sound area from Cape Puget to Cape St Elias was conducted to collect information on summer distribution and abundance of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubata) and harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) (Fig 1) Incidental observations were recorded of minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) Dall porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli) harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) killer whales (Orcinus orca) and a northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus)

Department of Fish and Game biologists participating in the survey as observers and recorders were Don Calkins Ed Klinkhart Ken Pitcher Karl Schneider Ron Somerville and John Vania

MOst of the survey was flown with two five place jet turbine helicopters a Jet Ranger (Bell 206A) and FHllOO Survey dates for the helicopter portion were 2426-29 June 1973 A Cessna 180 and Piper Super Cub (PA-18) were used to survey the Copper River Delta Controller Bay and Bering River on 2526 July 1973 A Boston whaler 17 1 skiff was used to survey the Esther I area on 7 June 1973

Total helicopter time required for the survey was 61 hours of which 40 hours were actual survey time The remaining 21 hours included ferry time dead head time travel to and from fuel caches and flights to check weather conditions The fixed wing survey of the Copper River Delta and Bering River area took 25 hours of flight time Transportation of fuel and gear in support of the helicopter survey required 143 hours of fixed wing charter

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The h~licopter survey was flown at an altitude of 200 - 400 feet about 200 yards offshore The contour of the shoreline was followed Offshore rocks and islets were circled Airspeed was usually about 80 knots but when conshycentrations of animals were found speed was reduced Two observers and one recorder-observer were in each helicopter One observer was seated in the front and the helicopter was always flown so he was on the shore side The recorder-observer was seated directly behind the front seat obs~rver and helped with observations when not recording The third observer was in the back on the offshore side of the aircraft The pilot also assisted in making observations All observations were called out to the recorder who was equipped with large scale (180000) nautical charts and notebooks in which all data were recorded in a standardized method In some instances visual counts were supplmented with photographs to provide a more accurate estimate of numbers A 35mm camera with 50 or 105mm lens and a medium speed black and white film was used Such photographs were useful when concentrations of animals were found such as sea lion rookeries large pods of sea otters and large seal hauling areas

Fixed-wing surveys were flown with a single observer-recorder seated directly behind the pilot in the PA-18 or alongside the pilot in the Cessna 180 Airspeed was 70-100 knots and the altitude was 300-700 feet Data were recorded in a similar fashion to the helicopter survey Photoshygraphs were used to supplement visual counts

SURVEY CONDITIONS

Weather conditions affect the efficiency of marine mammal surveys and any factors which reduce visibility will be detrimental Kenyon (1969) used the following criteria to subjectively describe sea otter survey conditions

Excellent - no wind high overcast (water glassy) and no glare Good - light wind (to 6 or 8 knots) and overcast or no wind (glassy ---- water) but sun glare present Fair - light wind to 10 knots and surface glare or wind 8 to 15 knots

and sky overcast Poor - winds over 10 knots and glare on water or wind over 15 knots ---- regardless of sky cover

Following is a summary of survey weather conditions taken from field notes

Kayak I 26 July 1973- good conditions some surface glare offshore

Bering River Controller Bay 26 July 1973 - good conditions calm overcast some fog

Copper River Delta 25 July 1973 - good conditions calm overcast some fog

Hawkins I 24 June 1973 - fair to poor surface calm but rain on bubble made forward visibility poor

Hinchinbrook I

Montague I north end

Green I

Montague I south end

Cordova to Pt Freemantle

Columbia Bay Glacier I Unakwik

Naked Storey I

Seal Smith I

Knight I north end Eleanor Ingot Disc I

Knight I south end

Dutch Group Axel Lind Perry I

Ports Wells College and Harriman Fiords

Crafton I to Whittier

Latouche Elrington I

Evans Bainbridge I

Port Bainbridge

Whale Bay to Crafton I

-4shy

24 June 1973 - fair to excellent surface conditions calm rain on north side reduced visibility from front excellent on south side

24 June 1973 - fair to poor surface conditions calm rain in Zaikof Bay

24 June 1973 - excellent calm and overcast

26 June 1973 - excellent to good surface conditions calm some glare at Cape Cleare arid offshore

26 June 1973 - excellent to good surface conditions calm rain squalls at head several bays

28 June 1973 - good light west wind some glare

28 June 1973 - good 5 knot west wind some glare

27 June 1973 - excellent calm surface broken overcast no glare

27 June 1973 - good calm but glare in some areas

27 June 1973 - good to poor some light winds glare very bad at times on offshore side

29 June 1973 - good light wind overcast

29 June 1973 - excellent calm surface overcast

29 June 1973 - excellent to good calm overcast some shadows near shore

27 June - fair to poor some chop on water glare

27 June 1973 - fair to poor some bad glare when heading south

28 June 1973 - poor choppy in middle of bays bad glare

28 June 1973 - good glare sky clear

-5shy

SEA OTTER

Historical records indicate that sea otters were fairly abundant in Prince William Sound prior to 1742 the beginning of Russian exploitation Howshyever by 1800 aboriginal populations of sea otters in the Prince William Sound area had been reduced to very low levels Continued Russian hunting through 1867 and then intensive American exploitation until 1911 prevented any recovery (Lensink 1962)

Remnant groups of animals apparently survived as shown by Kenyons (1969) report of two illegally taken sea otter skins seized by the government at Seward in 1924 The repopulation of Prince William So~nd and the Kayak I area undoubtedly resulted from the buildup and dispersal of these remnant groups The pattern of population recovery is fairly evident when Lensinks (1962) summary of pre 1961 observations is examined along with Department records and results of this survey (table 1)

Sizable groups of otters were reported during the late 1940s and early 1950s from Montague I Hinchinbrook I Latouche-Elrington I and the Kayak I area Rare sightings of one or two animals were made in other areas (Lensink 1962) In the early 1960s distribution remained about the same but numbers appeared to have increased Now several additional areas are well populated including Knight I Naked I and the Knowles Head - Port Gravina area A group of 34 sea otters was recently found in Harriman Fiord far from any well populated area Additional small groups and singles are occassionally seen almost any where in Prince William Sound Sightings from the formerly barren northwestern portion of the Sound are increasingly frequent

During the same time period sea otter numbers around Kayak I appear to have dropped Aerial surveys in 1959 and 1960 produced 138 and 122 animals Five Department surveys between 1964 and 1973 failed to find more than 39 sea otters although a pilot reported seeing 85-100 otters in1965 Reasons for the apparent decline are not known but several possibilities have been advanced Changes in habitat resulting from the 1964 earthquake might have reduced carrying capacity although some areas in Prince William Sound appeared to experience more severe disturbance without corresponding reducshytions in numbers Reports of otters down the coast toward Yakutat have caused speculation of emigration

Helicopter surveys for sea otter are useful in determining and monitoring changes in distribution They are of limited value in determining magnitude and changes in population size Survey results vary as numerous factors influence the number of animals seen Distribution of sea otters will affect the number seen When animals are scattered offshore many are missed during a shoreline survey Higher counts will be obtained when otters are found in large pods close to shore as they are less likely to be missed Some otters are diving for food and will be missed Kenyon and Spencer (1960) assumed that nearly 25 of the otters in the flight path will be submerged and missed during a survey Weather conditions time of day observer experience and ability and pilot ability all affect survey results

-6shy

Table 1 Summary of sea otter surveys and sightings Prince William Sound - Kayak I

Area Pre-1959a 1959b 1960c 1964d 1970e 1973f

Kayak I NS 163 122 39 5 7

Hawkins I 1 (1951) NS NS NS 1 10

Hinch Egg I 150 (1951) 58 48 167 101 367

Montague I 78 (1957) 349 100 42 259 514

Green I area NS 42 101 116 103 135

Galena Bay to NS NS NS NS 1 6 Fish Bay

Fish Bay to Cordova NS 0 NS NS 104 200

Esther Pass to NS 0 NS NS NS 18 Valdez Arm

Naked Storey 1 (1959) NS 0 0 NS 159 Peak I

Knight Eleanor I 2 (1956) N S 1 3 145 208

Port Wells College NS N S NS Ns NS 35 Harr Fiords Esther I

Nellie Juan to NS 0 NS NS 1 28 Passage Canal

P Bainbridge 64 (1949) 96 149 41 133 293 Latouche area

Other Sightings of Interest

1 Whittier 6 winter 1969-70 2 Perry I 5 1968 3 Falls Bay 4 1968 4 Dangerous Pass 5 1968 5 Kayak I 35 1968

85-100 1965

a Lens ink (1962) - summary of miscellaneous observation b Lensink (1962) - fixed wing aerial survey c Lensink (1962) - fixed wing aerial survey d ADFampG - fixed wing aerial survey e ADFampG - fixed wing aerial survey f ADFampG - Helicopter survey

-7shy

Lensink (1962) estimated the Prince William Sound - Kayak I populations at 1000-1500 based on actual observations of 702 otters during a fixed wing survey Considering recent information on the accuracy of various types of sea otter surveys (Schneider 1971) his estimate was probably conservative possibly by 100 The Alaska Department of Fish amp Game (1973) estimates the population at 5000 This figure seems reasonable in light of the 2015 otters counted on this survey (map nos 1- 21) Comparative shore- helicopter counts on Amchitka Island showed that two to four times as many animals could be counted from the shore and even then some are missed (Schneider 1971)

In the Aleutian Islands sea otters form sexual segregations which have been studied by several observers Lensink (1962) Kenyon (1969) and Schneider (19721973) These workers found discrete female areas composed of females pups and some mature males and male areas in which numerous subadult males and some older males are found Number of males in the female areas varies directly with the number of estrous females In the Aleutians male areas are usually found where shallow water extends farther offshore than normal often near an exposed point of land or a pass between islands Female areas are often points with water sheltered by rocks and islets (Schneider 1971)

If sexual segregation exists in Prince William Sound it doesnt appear to take the same form as in the Aleutians Some areas seem to have charactershyistics of female areas but no discrete male areas have been found (Schneider 1973) Habitat is considerably different from the Aleutians and sexual segregation could be expressed in a different way

Accurate knowledge of segregation and identification of specific areas would be important in event of localized kills of sea otters It would be impossible to adequately evaluate effect on the population without knowing which segments were involved The desired information could be obtained with shore and skiff counts in certain areas and selective collecting

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Sea otter Copper River Delta Helicopter survey 23 June 1973 Scale 1250000 Total otters = 0

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-1shy

INTRODUCTION

Prince William Sound has received considerable attention in recent years due to increased concern for the coastal environment This attention was specifically focused on the area when the Valdez terminus was announced for the proposed trans-Alaska pipeline Location of oil storage and loading facilities in Valdez and heavy tanker traffic through the Sound will introduce the potential for contamination of marine habitats Degrashydation of the marine environment whether resulting from chronic small scale contamination or massive spills will affect marine mammal populations Baseline data on abundance are needed in order to detect and evaluate any changes which might occur Seasonal distribution information will be required to base sound recommendations on development in the area Continshygency plans must be based on knowledge of areas important to marine mammal populations

A review of available information indicated a definite need to increase our knowledge of marine mammal populations in the area In order to provide information which will be needed by governmental and industrial organizations research efforts must be accelerated

METHODS

As the first step in providing needed information a shoreline survey of the Prince William Sound area from Cape Puget to Cape St Elias was conducted to collect information on summer distribution and abundance of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubata) and harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) (Fig 1) Incidental observations were recorded of minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) Dall porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli) harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) killer whales (Orcinus orca) and a northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus)

Department of Fish and Game biologists participating in the survey as observers and recorders were Don Calkins Ed Klinkhart Ken Pitcher Karl Schneider Ron Somerville and John Vania

MOst of the survey was flown with two five place jet turbine helicopters a Jet Ranger (Bell 206A) and FHllOO Survey dates for the helicopter portion were 2426-29 June 1973 A Cessna 180 and Piper Super Cub (PA-18) were used to survey the Copper River Delta Controller Bay and Bering River on 2526 July 1973 A Boston whaler 17 1 skiff was used to survey the Esther I area on 7 June 1973

Total helicopter time required for the survey was 61 hours of which 40 hours were actual survey time The remaining 21 hours included ferry time dead head time travel to and from fuel caches and flights to check weather conditions The fixed wing survey of the Copper River Delta and Bering River area took 25 hours of flight time Transportation of fuel and gear in support of the helicopter survey required 143 hours of fixed wing charter

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-3shy

The h~licopter survey was flown at an altitude of 200 - 400 feet about 200 yards offshore The contour of the shoreline was followed Offshore rocks and islets were circled Airspeed was usually about 80 knots but when conshycentrations of animals were found speed was reduced Two observers and one recorder-observer were in each helicopter One observer was seated in the front and the helicopter was always flown so he was on the shore side The recorder-observer was seated directly behind the front seat obs~rver and helped with observations when not recording The third observer was in the back on the offshore side of the aircraft The pilot also assisted in making observations All observations were called out to the recorder who was equipped with large scale (180000) nautical charts and notebooks in which all data were recorded in a standardized method In some instances visual counts were supplmented with photographs to provide a more accurate estimate of numbers A 35mm camera with 50 or 105mm lens and a medium speed black and white film was used Such photographs were useful when concentrations of animals were found such as sea lion rookeries large pods of sea otters and large seal hauling areas

Fixed-wing surveys were flown with a single observer-recorder seated directly behind the pilot in the PA-18 or alongside the pilot in the Cessna 180 Airspeed was 70-100 knots and the altitude was 300-700 feet Data were recorded in a similar fashion to the helicopter survey Photoshygraphs were used to supplement visual counts

SURVEY CONDITIONS

Weather conditions affect the efficiency of marine mammal surveys and any factors which reduce visibility will be detrimental Kenyon (1969) used the following criteria to subjectively describe sea otter survey conditions

Excellent - no wind high overcast (water glassy) and no glare Good - light wind (to 6 or 8 knots) and overcast or no wind (glassy ---- water) but sun glare present Fair - light wind to 10 knots and surface glare or wind 8 to 15 knots

and sky overcast Poor - winds over 10 knots and glare on water or wind over 15 knots ---- regardless of sky cover

Following is a summary of survey weather conditions taken from field notes

Kayak I 26 July 1973- good conditions some surface glare offshore

Bering River Controller Bay 26 July 1973 - good conditions calm overcast some fog

Copper River Delta 25 July 1973 - good conditions calm overcast some fog

Hawkins I 24 June 1973 - fair to poor surface calm but rain on bubble made forward visibility poor

Hinchinbrook I

Montague I north end

Green I

Montague I south end

Cordova to Pt Freemantle

Columbia Bay Glacier I Unakwik

Naked Storey I

Seal Smith I

Knight I north end Eleanor Ingot Disc I

Knight I south end

Dutch Group Axel Lind Perry I

Ports Wells College and Harriman Fiords

Crafton I to Whittier

Latouche Elrington I

Evans Bainbridge I

Port Bainbridge

Whale Bay to Crafton I

-4shy

24 June 1973 - fair to excellent surface conditions calm rain on north side reduced visibility from front excellent on south side

24 June 1973 - fair to poor surface conditions calm rain in Zaikof Bay

24 June 1973 - excellent calm and overcast

26 June 1973 - excellent to good surface conditions calm some glare at Cape Cleare arid offshore

26 June 1973 - excellent to good surface conditions calm rain squalls at head several bays

28 June 1973 - good light west wind some glare

28 June 1973 - good 5 knot west wind some glare

27 June 1973 - excellent calm surface broken overcast no glare

27 June 1973 - good calm but glare in some areas

27 June 1973 - good to poor some light winds glare very bad at times on offshore side

29 June 1973 - good light wind overcast

29 June 1973 - excellent calm surface overcast

29 June 1973 - excellent to good calm overcast some shadows near shore

27 June - fair to poor some chop on water glare

27 June 1973 - fair to poor some bad glare when heading south

28 June 1973 - poor choppy in middle of bays bad glare

28 June 1973 - good glare sky clear

-5shy

SEA OTTER

Historical records indicate that sea otters were fairly abundant in Prince William Sound prior to 1742 the beginning of Russian exploitation Howshyever by 1800 aboriginal populations of sea otters in the Prince William Sound area had been reduced to very low levels Continued Russian hunting through 1867 and then intensive American exploitation until 1911 prevented any recovery (Lensink 1962)

Remnant groups of animals apparently survived as shown by Kenyons (1969) report of two illegally taken sea otter skins seized by the government at Seward in 1924 The repopulation of Prince William So~nd and the Kayak I area undoubtedly resulted from the buildup and dispersal of these remnant groups The pattern of population recovery is fairly evident when Lensinks (1962) summary of pre 1961 observations is examined along with Department records and results of this survey (table 1)

Sizable groups of otters were reported during the late 1940s and early 1950s from Montague I Hinchinbrook I Latouche-Elrington I and the Kayak I area Rare sightings of one or two animals were made in other areas (Lensink 1962) In the early 1960s distribution remained about the same but numbers appeared to have increased Now several additional areas are well populated including Knight I Naked I and the Knowles Head - Port Gravina area A group of 34 sea otters was recently found in Harriman Fiord far from any well populated area Additional small groups and singles are occassionally seen almost any where in Prince William Sound Sightings from the formerly barren northwestern portion of the Sound are increasingly frequent

During the same time period sea otter numbers around Kayak I appear to have dropped Aerial surveys in 1959 and 1960 produced 138 and 122 animals Five Department surveys between 1964 and 1973 failed to find more than 39 sea otters although a pilot reported seeing 85-100 otters in1965 Reasons for the apparent decline are not known but several possibilities have been advanced Changes in habitat resulting from the 1964 earthquake might have reduced carrying capacity although some areas in Prince William Sound appeared to experience more severe disturbance without corresponding reducshytions in numbers Reports of otters down the coast toward Yakutat have caused speculation of emigration

Helicopter surveys for sea otter are useful in determining and monitoring changes in distribution They are of limited value in determining magnitude and changes in population size Survey results vary as numerous factors influence the number of animals seen Distribution of sea otters will affect the number seen When animals are scattered offshore many are missed during a shoreline survey Higher counts will be obtained when otters are found in large pods close to shore as they are less likely to be missed Some otters are diving for food and will be missed Kenyon and Spencer (1960) assumed that nearly 25 of the otters in the flight path will be submerged and missed during a survey Weather conditions time of day observer experience and ability and pilot ability all affect survey results

-6shy

Table 1 Summary of sea otter surveys and sightings Prince William Sound - Kayak I

Area Pre-1959a 1959b 1960c 1964d 1970e 1973f

Kayak I NS 163 122 39 5 7

Hawkins I 1 (1951) NS NS NS 1 10

Hinch Egg I 150 (1951) 58 48 167 101 367

Montague I 78 (1957) 349 100 42 259 514

Green I area NS 42 101 116 103 135

Galena Bay to NS NS NS NS 1 6 Fish Bay

Fish Bay to Cordova NS 0 NS NS 104 200

Esther Pass to NS 0 NS NS NS 18 Valdez Arm

Naked Storey 1 (1959) NS 0 0 NS 159 Peak I

Knight Eleanor I 2 (1956) N S 1 3 145 208

Port Wells College NS N S NS Ns NS 35 Harr Fiords Esther I

Nellie Juan to NS 0 NS NS 1 28 Passage Canal

P Bainbridge 64 (1949) 96 149 41 133 293 Latouche area

Other Sightings of Interest

1 Whittier 6 winter 1969-70 2 Perry I 5 1968 3 Falls Bay 4 1968 4 Dangerous Pass 5 1968 5 Kayak I 35 1968

85-100 1965

a Lens ink (1962) - summary of miscellaneous observation b Lensink (1962) - fixed wing aerial survey c Lensink (1962) - fixed wing aerial survey d ADFampG - fixed wing aerial survey e ADFampG - fixed wing aerial survey f ADFampG - Helicopter survey

-7shy

Lensink (1962) estimated the Prince William Sound - Kayak I populations at 1000-1500 based on actual observations of 702 otters during a fixed wing survey Considering recent information on the accuracy of various types of sea otter surveys (Schneider 1971) his estimate was probably conservative possibly by 100 The Alaska Department of Fish amp Game (1973) estimates the population at 5000 This figure seems reasonable in light of the 2015 otters counted on this survey (map nos 1- 21) Comparative shore- helicopter counts on Amchitka Island showed that two to four times as many animals could be counted from the shore and even then some are missed (Schneider 1971)

In the Aleutian Islands sea otters form sexual segregations which have been studied by several observers Lensink (1962) Kenyon (1969) and Schneider (19721973) These workers found discrete female areas composed of females pups and some mature males and male areas in which numerous subadult males and some older males are found Number of males in the female areas varies directly with the number of estrous females In the Aleutians male areas are usually found where shallow water extends farther offshore than normal often near an exposed point of land or a pass between islands Female areas are often points with water sheltered by rocks and islets (Schneider 1971)

If sexual segregation exists in Prince William Sound it doesnt appear to take the same form as in the Aleutians Some areas seem to have charactershyistics of female areas but no discrete male areas have been found (Schneider 1973) Habitat is considerably different from the Aleutians and sexual segregation could be expressed in a different way

Accurate knowledge of segregation and identification of specific areas would be important in event of localized kills of sea otters It would be impossible to adequately evaluate effect on the population without knowing which segments were involved The desired information could be obtained with shore and skiff counts in certain areas and selective collecting

Ml ~middotmiddot - ~middot --middot ~

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N A T I 0 0

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Sea otter Kayak I Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 1250000 Total otters - 7

Sea otter Copper River Delta Helicopter survey 23 June 1973 Scale 1250000 Total otters = 0

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119 Scale - 1200000 Total otters = 419-

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Sea otter end -shy 1 swMontague middot Helicopter survey

26 June i~~O 000 Scale - middot s ~ 230Total otter

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June July 1973 marine mammal survey

a I I I I I I I I I

middot~a 29

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lt bull JJfi~~ r middot 50~

0----fl gt r liP~ ] c - -di Tv_z- _z _z middot -~~~

[L WWarn- 12so- 2953

1 a- ~I~HlftElconr -I middotmiddot-~she bull ~ IQijf gtr rJ-lt~lr~ ~ bull

pound 3023 (middotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddot l ~ Jr8 0

(use char 1 8551)middotbull bullgti J-0- ~middotmiddot 0 = SmnhJtlbullY ~

middot- )middot 1 tmiddotmiddot smiddot [gtV~~- gt rrmiddot ampV middot 0 bull gt ultA )f bull(middot I iK irj middotmiddot~middot LVn

~J_~~-t~~)- ibullbullmiddotn ~~~ 0

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middotmiddot middotmiddot j(ovmiddot~ r I

pound ( -1middotX~ bullbull~pound_~middotmiddotmiddotf = 15~~-fl~-middot middotmiddot SnuQ fbr

0 J~- 4 ~middot l~ -~c middot ~-middotbull ~~(I G bull~--middotmiddotmiddotmiddotlJl J r middotmiddotmiddotmiddottmiddot rA middot lr-~- f( middot jmiddot middotlt ~if~ bullko ~-[y)middotmiddot~igtcfIG_~~middotmiddot~ bull L rbull A

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JTtA o -middot~middot- ~~middot_ rY - _J_ ~ ~E~u~~ 12 bull middot lt bullbull middotmiddot

-32~1~ ~ bullo64 27 17 - 2o 0 210 37 34 82 49 41 43

_middot - middot__ -~ ~~~

84 - 107 middotmiddot ~~~~ -~~~~~ 7 middot fcfar 8~middot 98 middot i --122 - -~) 41 Ok middot ---____ lln~lam 1 lt=_~1li(~~---- s

3 ~2 Arrf bull 133----n- ~

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Co( 3 89 middot- middot3 ~IJgto -~- IS 22 22 bull 0 Figure 1 Area covered during 8 bull middot nt1tk l 33s_--ampGtltshy

-3shy

The h~licopter survey was flown at an altitude of 200 - 400 feet about 200 yards offshore The contour of the shoreline was followed Offshore rocks and islets were circled Airspeed was usually about 80 knots but when conshycentrations of animals were found speed was reduced Two observers and one recorder-observer were in each helicopter One observer was seated in the front and the helicopter was always flown so he was on the shore side The recorder-observer was seated directly behind the front seat obs~rver and helped with observations when not recording The third observer was in the back on the offshore side of the aircraft The pilot also assisted in making observations All observations were called out to the recorder who was equipped with large scale (180000) nautical charts and notebooks in which all data were recorded in a standardized method In some instances visual counts were supplmented with photographs to provide a more accurate estimate of numbers A 35mm camera with 50 or 105mm lens and a medium speed black and white film was used Such photographs were useful when concentrations of animals were found such as sea lion rookeries large pods of sea otters and large seal hauling areas

Fixed-wing surveys were flown with a single observer-recorder seated directly behind the pilot in the PA-18 or alongside the pilot in the Cessna 180 Airspeed was 70-100 knots and the altitude was 300-700 feet Data were recorded in a similar fashion to the helicopter survey Photoshygraphs were used to supplement visual counts

SURVEY CONDITIONS

Weather conditions affect the efficiency of marine mammal surveys and any factors which reduce visibility will be detrimental Kenyon (1969) used the following criteria to subjectively describe sea otter survey conditions

Excellent - no wind high overcast (water glassy) and no glare Good - light wind (to 6 or 8 knots) and overcast or no wind (glassy ---- water) but sun glare present Fair - light wind to 10 knots and surface glare or wind 8 to 15 knots

and sky overcast Poor - winds over 10 knots and glare on water or wind over 15 knots ---- regardless of sky cover

Following is a summary of survey weather conditions taken from field notes

Kayak I 26 July 1973- good conditions some surface glare offshore

Bering River Controller Bay 26 July 1973 - good conditions calm overcast some fog

Copper River Delta 25 July 1973 - good conditions calm overcast some fog

Hawkins I 24 June 1973 - fair to poor surface calm but rain on bubble made forward visibility poor

Hinchinbrook I

Montague I north end

Green I

Montague I south end

Cordova to Pt Freemantle

Columbia Bay Glacier I Unakwik

Naked Storey I

Seal Smith I

Knight I north end Eleanor Ingot Disc I

Knight I south end

Dutch Group Axel Lind Perry I

Ports Wells College and Harriman Fiords

Crafton I to Whittier

Latouche Elrington I

Evans Bainbridge I

Port Bainbridge

Whale Bay to Crafton I

-4shy

24 June 1973 - fair to excellent surface conditions calm rain on north side reduced visibility from front excellent on south side

24 June 1973 - fair to poor surface conditions calm rain in Zaikof Bay

24 June 1973 - excellent calm and overcast

26 June 1973 - excellent to good surface conditions calm some glare at Cape Cleare arid offshore

26 June 1973 - excellent to good surface conditions calm rain squalls at head several bays

28 June 1973 - good light west wind some glare

28 June 1973 - good 5 knot west wind some glare

27 June 1973 - excellent calm surface broken overcast no glare

27 June 1973 - good calm but glare in some areas

27 June 1973 - good to poor some light winds glare very bad at times on offshore side

29 June 1973 - good light wind overcast

29 June 1973 - excellent calm surface overcast

29 June 1973 - excellent to good calm overcast some shadows near shore

27 June - fair to poor some chop on water glare

27 June 1973 - fair to poor some bad glare when heading south

28 June 1973 - poor choppy in middle of bays bad glare

28 June 1973 - good glare sky clear

-5shy

SEA OTTER

Historical records indicate that sea otters were fairly abundant in Prince William Sound prior to 1742 the beginning of Russian exploitation Howshyever by 1800 aboriginal populations of sea otters in the Prince William Sound area had been reduced to very low levels Continued Russian hunting through 1867 and then intensive American exploitation until 1911 prevented any recovery (Lensink 1962)

Remnant groups of animals apparently survived as shown by Kenyons (1969) report of two illegally taken sea otter skins seized by the government at Seward in 1924 The repopulation of Prince William So~nd and the Kayak I area undoubtedly resulted from the buildup and dispersal of these remnant groups The pattern of population recovery is fairly evident when Lensinks (1962) summary of pre 1961 observations is examined along with Department records and results of this survey (table 1)

Sizable groups of otters were reported during the late 1940s and early 1950s from Montague I Hinchinbrook I Latouche-Elrington I and the Kayak I area Rare sightings of one or two animals were made in other areas (Lensink 1962) In the early 1960s distribution remained about the same but numbers appeared to have increased Now several additional areas are well populated including Knight I Naked I and the Knowles Head - Port Gravina area A group of 34 sea otters was recently found in Harriman Fiord far from any well populated area Additional small groups and singles are occassionally seen almost any where in Prince William Sound Sightings from the formerly barren northwestern portion of the Sound are increasingly frequent

During the same time period sea otter numbers around Kayak I appear to have dropped Aerial surveys in 1959 and 1960 produced 138 and 122 animals Five Department surveys between 1964 and 1973 failed to find more than 39 sea otters although a pilot reported seeing 85-100 otters in1965 Reasons for the apparent decline are not known but several possibilities have been advanced Changes in habitat resulting from the 1964 earthquake might have reduced carrying capacity although some areas in Prince William Sound appeared to experience more severe disturbance without corresponding reducshytions in numbers Reports of otters down the coast toward Yakutat have caused speculation of emigration

Helicopter surveys for sea otter are useful in determining and monitoring changes in distribution They are of limited value in determining magnitude and changes in population size Survey results vary as numerous factors influence the number of animals seen Distribution of sea otters will affect the number seen When animals are scattered offshore many are missed during a shoreline survey Higher counts will be obtained when otters are found in large pods close to shore as they are less likely to be missed Some otters are diving for food and will be missed Kenyon and Spencer (1960) assumed that nearly 25 of the otters in the flight path will be submerged and missed during a survey Weather conditions time of day observer experience and ability and pilot ability all affect survey results

-6shy

Table 1 Summary of sea otter surveys and sightings Prince William Sound - Kayak I

Area Pre-1959a 1959b 1960c 1964d 1970e 1973f

Kayak I NS 163 122 39 5 7

Hawkins I 1 (1951) NS NS NS 1 10

Hinch Egg I 150 (1951) 58 48 167 101 367

Montague I 78 (1957) 349 100 42 259 514

Green I area NS 42 101 116 103 135

Galena Bay to NS NS NS NS 1 6 Fish Bay

Fish Bay to Cordova NS 0 NS NS 104 200

Esther Pass to NS 0 NS NS NS 18 Valdez Arm

Naked Storey 1 (1959) NS 0 0 NS 159 Peak I

Knight Eleanor I 2 (1956) N S 1 3 145 208

Port Wells College NS N S NS Ns NS 35 Harr Fiords Esther I

Nellie Juan to NS 0 NS NS 1 28 Passage Canal

P Bainbridge 64 (1949) 96 149 41 133 293 Latouche area

Other Sightings of Interest

1 Whittier 6 winter 1969-70 2 Perry I 5 1968 3 Falls Bay 4 1968 4 Dangerous Pass 5 1968 5 Kayak I 35 1968

85-100 1965

a Lens ink (1962) - summary of miscellaneous observation b Lensink (1962) - fixed wing aerial survey c Lensink (1962) - fixed wing aerial survey d ADFampG - fixed wing aerial survey e ADFampG - fixed wing aerial survey f ADFampG - Helicopter survey

-7shy

Lensink (1962) estimated the Prince William Sound - Kayak I populations at 1000-1500 based on actual observations of 702 otters during a fixed wing survey Considering recent information on the accuracy of various types of sea otter surveys (Schneider 1971) his estimate was probably conservative possibly by 100 The Alaska Department of Fish amp Game (1973) estimates the population at 5000 This figure seems reasonable in light of the 2015 otters counted on this survey (map nos 1- 21) Comparative shore- helicopter counts on Amchitka Island showed that two to four times as many animals could be counted from the shore and even then some are missed (Schneider 1971)

In the Aleutian Islands sea otters form sexual segregations which have been studied by several observers Lensink (1962) Kenyon (1969) and Schneider (19721973) These workers found discrete female areas composed of females pups and some mature males and male areas in which numerous subadult males and some older males are found Number of males in the female areas varies directly with the number of estrous females In the Aleutians male areas are usually found where shallow water extends farther offshore than normal often near an exposed point of land or a pass between islands Female areas are often points with water sheltered by rocks and islets (Schneider 1971)

If sexual segregation exists in Prince William Sound it doesnt appear to take the same form as in the Aleutians Some areas seem to have charactershyistics of female areas but no discrete male areas have been found (Schneider 1973) Habitat is considerably different from the Aleutians and sexual segregation could be expressed in a different way

Accurate knowledge of segregation and identification of specific areas would be important in event of localized kills of sea otters It would be impossible to adequately evaluate effect on the population without knowing which segments were involved The desired information could be obtained with shore and skiff counts in certain areas and selective collecting

Ml ~middotmiddot - ~middot --middot ~

---shy

middot- middot

~~middotmiddot Lone

It Bal~y

111

-----

N A T I 0 0

7--__ middot -----shy

Sea otter Kayak I Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 1250000 Total otters - 7

Sea otter Copper River Delta Helicopter survey 23 June 1973 Scale 1250000 Total otters = 0

0-----------shy0

------

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18

f

72

72 l 68

~ --

NOTI

$1r

75 76 78 76

sli 75 B73 75

76 81

78 83

sA

~ ---- Jr~~~~(5) A middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot0~imiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~ D 6 ~i~) r middotmiddot5 Ji 4

4 ~middot 52 1 [ ~) ~123 middotmiddotmiddot

2 l 4 bull middotmiddot- 6-~ ~ftO) DEAD Tliilt~ ~-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot bullbullbull

8 2~ u ~1~r--L 4 middot--~~-~ E~g ICjslands~- 13 ( ltmiddot middot f 1

2 7 I 2 2l ~ middotmiddot t f3) 1)15) PA tlY- 2 middotmiddotmiddot~ Fl 6sec ~~ ll

5 2 - o 20ft 8M 2zbull 1 tl I 4 3l ~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddotbull ) I~ -1A~

2 I4 4 0----middot ) 3 21 li__ 3l middot---rmiddotmiddot 9 51 _ -I 4l I middot3

6 ~ f) ~- I

---f-1--=-q ---6

Sea otter Hawkins I Orca Bay Helicopter survey 24 26 June 1973 Scale - 1200000 Total otters = 10

II

----lJ---shy

_~_ ~

14-77

2009

~~~ INCHINBROO

t~ ~~6551505

(i

~~tpv----2L-middot

_1421 ~ I ~1709

~ t~- 1yen1 1205 111

~

Sea otter Hinchinbrook I Helicopter survey 24 June 1973 Scale - 120DOOO Total otters = ill_ ~ff~ f~t litbull

btl -~middotmiddot I85 bullmiddotmiddot 66 67

middotmiddot14559

j4 60

64 59

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot1~8

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot s

30 buCI

45 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 0 IGImiddotmiddotmiddotq

iss~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot I (cbgtrt 8gt20)

145

53 12

J 1(

lOG shy

155 128

ISO 124

139 146 J)IM

130 0

137

128 122 gM

52

0

146 12

~otter

141 Ill r Montague 1 - north end Green I

Helicopter survey 24 26 June 1973

119 Scale - 1200000 Total otters = 419-

lQ

Sea otter end -shy 1 swMontague middot Helicopter survey

26 June i~~O 000 Scale - middot s ~ 230Total otter

-3shy

The h~licopter survey was flown at an altitude of 200 - 400 feet about 200 yards offshore The contour of the shoreline was followed Offshore rocks and islets were circled Airspeed was usually about 80 knots but when conshycentrations of animals were found speed was reduced Two observers and one recorder-observer were in each helicopter One observer was seated in the front and the helicopter was always flown so he was on the shore side The recorder-observer was seated directly behind the front seat obs~rver and helped with observations when not recording The third observer was in the back on the offshore side of the aircraft The pilot also assisted in making observations All observations were called out to the recorder who was equipped with large scale (180000) nautical charts and notebooks in which all data were recorded in a standardized method In some instances visual counts were supplmented with photographs to provide a more accurate estimate of numbers A 35mm camera with 50 or 105mm lens and a medium speed black and white film was used Such photographs were useful when concentrations of animals were found such as sea lion rookeries large pods of sea otters and large seal hauling areas

Fixed-wing surveys were flown with a single observer-recorder seated directly behind the pilot in the PA-18 or alongside the pilot in the Cessna 180 Airspeed was 70-100 knots and the altitude was 300-700 feet Data were recorded in a similar fashion to the helicopter survey Photoshygraphs were used to supplement visual counts

SURVEY CONDITIONS

Weather conditions affect the efficiency of marine mammal surveys and any factors which reduce visibility will be detrimental Kenyon (1969) used the following criteria to subjectively describe sea otter survey conditions

Excellent - no wind high overcast (water glassy) and no glare Good - light wind (to 6 or 8 knots) and overcast or no wind (glassy ---- water) but sun glare present Fair - light wind to 10 knots and surface glare or wind 8 to 15 knots

and sky overcast Poor - winds over 10 knots and glare on water or wind over 15 knots ---- regardless of sky cover

Following is a summary of survey weather conditions taken from field notes

Kayak I 26 July 1973- good conditions some surface glare offshore

Bering River Controller Bay 26 July 1973 - good conditions calm overcast some fog

Copper River Delta 25 July 1973 - good conditions calm overcast some fog

Hawkins I 24 June 1973 - fair to poor surface calm but rain on bubble made forward visibility poor

Hinchinbrook I

Montague I north end

Green I

Montague I south end

Cordova to Pt Freemantle

Columbia Bay Glacier I Unakwik

Naked Storey I

Seal Smith I

Knight I north end Eleanor Ingot Disc I

Knight I south end

Dutch Group Axel Lind Perry I

Ports Wells College and Harriman Fiords

Crafton I to Whittier

Latouche Elrington I

Evans Bainbridge I

Port Bainbridge

Whale Bay to Crafton I

-4shy

24 June 1973 - fair to excellent surface conditions calm rain on north side reduced visibility from front excellent on south side

24 June 1973 - fair to poor surface conditions calm rain in Zaikof Bay

24 June 1973 - excellent calm and overcast

26 June 1973 - excellent to good surface conditions calm some glare at Cape Cleare arid offshore

26 June 1973 - excellent to good surface conditions calm rain squalls at head several bays

28 June 1973 - good light west wind some glare

28 June 1973 - good 5 knot west wind some glare

27 June 1973 - excellent calm surface broken overcast no glare

27 June 1973 - good calm but glare in some areas

27 June 1973 - good to poor some light winds glare very bad at times on offshore side

29 June 1973 - good light wind overcast

29 June 1973 - excellent calm surface overcast

29 June 1973 - excellent to good calm overcast some shadows near shore

27 June - fair to poor some chop on water glare

27 June 1973 - fair to poor some bad glare when heading south

28 June 1973 - poor choppy in middle of bays bad glare

28 June 1973 - good glare sky clear

-5shy

SEA OTTER

Historical records indicate that sea otters were fairly abundant in Prince William Sound prior to 1742 the beginning of Russian exploitation Howshyever by 1800 aboriginal populations of sea otters in the Prince William Sound area had been reduced to very low levels Continued Russian hunting through 1867 and then intensive American exploitation until 1911 prevented any recovery (Lensink 1962)

Remnant groups of animals apparently survived as shown by Kenyons (1969) report of two illegally taken sea otter skins seized by the government at Seward in 1924 The repopulation of Prince William So~nd and the Kayak I area undoubtedly resulted from the buildup and dispersal of these remnant groups The pattern of population recovery is fairly evident when Lensinks (1962) summary of pre 1961 observations is examined along with Department records and results of this survey (table 1)

Sizable groups of otters were reported during the late 1940s and early 1950s from Montague I Hinchinbrook I Latouche-Elrington I and the Kayak I area Rare sightings of one or two animals were made in other areas (Lensink 1962) In the early 1960s distribution remained about the same but numbers appeared to have increased Now several additional areas are well populated including Knight I Naked I and the Knowles Head - Port Gravina area A group of 34 sea otters was recently found in Harriman Fiord far from any well populated area Additional small groups and singles are occassionally seen almost any where in Prince William Sound Sightings from the formerly barren northwestern portion of the Sound are increasingly frequent

During the same time period sea otter numbers around Kayak I appear to have dropped Aerial surveys in 1959 and 1960 produced 138 and 122 animals Five Department surveys between 1964 and 1973 failed to find more than 39 sea otters although a pilot reported seeing 85-100 otters in1965 Reasons for the apparent decline are not known but several possibilities have been advanced Changes in habitat resulting from the 1964 earthquake might have reduced carrying capacity although some areas in Prince William Sound appeared to experience more severe disturbance without corresponding reducshytions in numbers Reports of otters down the coast toward Yakutat have caused speculation of emigration

Helicopter surveys for sea otter are useful in determining and monitoring changes in distribution They are of limited value in determining magnitude and changes in population size Survey results vary as numerous factors influence the number of animals seen Distribution of sea otters will affect the number seen When animals are scattered offshore many are missed during a shoreline survey Higher counts will be obtained when otters are found in large pods close to shore as they are less likely to be missed Some otters are diving for food and will be missed Kenyon and Spencer (1960) assumed that nearly 25 of the otters in the flight path will be submerged and missed during a survey Weather conditions time of day observer experience and ability and pilot ability all affect survey results

-6shy

Table 1 Summary of sea otter surveys and sightings Prince William Sound - Kayak I

Area Pre-1959a 1959b 1960c 1964d 1970e 1973f

Kayak I NS 163 122 39 5 7

Hawkins I 1 (1951) NS NS NS 1 10

Hinch Egg I 150 (1951) 58 48 167 101 367

Montague I 78 (1957) 349 100 42 259 514

Green I area NS 42 101 116 103 135

Galena Bay to NS NS NS NS 1 6 Fish Bay

Fish Bay to Cordova NS 0 NS NS 104 200

Esther Pass to NS 0 NS NS NS 18 Valdez Arm

Naked Storey 1 (1959) NS 0 0 NS 159 Peak I

Knight Eleanor I 2 (1956) N S 1 3 145 208

Port Wells College NS N S NS Ns NS 35 Harr Fiords Esther I

Nellie Juan to NS 0 NS NS 1 28 Passage Canal

P Bainbridge 64 (1949) 96 149 41 133 293 Latouche area

Other Sightings of Interest

1 Whittier 6 winter 1969-70 2 Perry I 5 1968 3 Falls Bay 4 1968 4 Dangerous Pass 5 1968 5 Kayak I 35 1968

85-100 1965

a Lens ink (1962) - summary of miscellaneous observation b Lensink (1962) - fixed wing aerial survey c Lensink (1962) - fixed wing aerial survey d ADFampG - fixed wing aerial survey e ADFampG - fixed wing aerial survey f ADFampG - Helicopter survey

-7shy

Lensink (1962) estimated the Prince William Sound - Kayak I populations at 1000-1500 based on actual observations of 702 otters during a fixed wing survey Considering recent information on the accuracy of various types of sea otter surveys (Schneider 1971) his estimate was probably conservative possibly by 100 The Alaska Department of Fish amp Game (1973) estimates the population at 5000 This figure seems reasonable in light of the 2015 otters counted on this survey (map nos 1- 21) Comparative shore- helicopter counts on Amchitka Island showed that two to four times as many animals could be counted from the shore and even then some are missed (Schneider 1971)

In the Aleutian Islands sea otters form sexual segregations which have been studied by several observers Lensink (1962) Kenyon (1969) and Schneider (19721973) These workers found discrete female areas composed of females pups and some mature males and male areas in which numerous subadult males and some older males are found Number of males in the female areas varies directly with the number of estrous females In the Aleutians male areas are usually found where shallow water extends farther offshore than normal often near an exposed point of land or a pass between islands Female areas are often points with water sheltered by rocks and islets (Schneider 1971)

If sexual segregation exists in Prince William Sound it doesnt appear to take the same form as in the Aleutians Some areas seem to have charactershyistics of female areas but no discrete male areas have been found (Schneider 1973) Habitat is considerably different from the Aleutians and sexual segregation could be expressed in a different way

Accurate knowledge of segregation and identification of specific areas would be important in event of localized kills of sea otters It would be impossible to adequately evaluate effect on the population without knowing which segments were involved The desired information could be obtained with shore and skiff counts in certain areas and selective collecting

Ml ~middotmiddot - ~middot --middot ~

---shy

middot- middot

~~middotmiddot Lone

It Bal~y

111

-----

N A T I 0 0

7--__ middot -----shy

Sea otter Kayak I Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 1250000 Total otters - 7

Sea otter Copper River Delta Helicopter survey 23 June 1973 Scale 1250000 Total otters = 0

0-----------shy0

------

M3

18

f

72

72 l 68

~ --

NOTI

$1r

75 76 78 76

sli 75 B73 75

76 81

78 83

sA

~ ---- Jr~~~~(5) A middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot0~imiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~ D 6 ~i~) r middotmiddot5 Ji 4

4 ~middot 52 1 [ ~) ~123 middotmiddotmiddot

2 l 4 bull middotmiddot- 6-~ ~ftO) DEAD Tliilt~ ~-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot bullbullbull

8 2~ u ~1~r--L 4 middot--~~-~ E~g ICjslands~- 13 ( ltmiddot middot f 1

2 7 I 2 2l ~ middotmiddot t f3) 1)15) PA tlY- 2 middotmiddotmiddot~ Fl 6sec ~~ ll

5 2 - o 20ft 8M 2zbull 1 tl I 4 3l ~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddotbull ) I~ -1A~

2 I4 4 0----middot ) 3 21 li__ 3l middot---rmiddotmiddot 9 51 _ -I 4l I middot3

6 ~ f) ~- I

---f-1--=-q ---6

Sea otter Hawkins I Orca Bay Helicopter survey 24 26 June 1973 Scale - 1200000 Total otters = 10

II

----lJ---shy

_~_ ~

14-77

2009

~~~ INCHINBROO

t~ ~~6551505

(i

~~tpv----2L-middot

_1421 ~ I ~1709

~ t~- 1yen1 1205 111

~

Sea otter Hinchinbrook I Helicopter survey 24 June 1973 Scale - 120DOOO Total otters = ill_ ~ff~ f~t litbull

btl -~middotmiddot I85 bullmiddotmiddot 66 67

middotmiddot14559

j4 60

64 59

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot1~8

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot s

30 buCI

45 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 0 IGImiddotmiddotmiddotq

iss~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot I (cbgtrt 8gt20)

145

53 12

J 1(

lOG shy

155 128

ISO 124

139 146 J)IM

130 0

137

128 122 gM

52

0

146 12

~otter

141 Ill r Montague 1 - north end Green I

Helicopter survey 24 26 June 1973

119 Scale - 1200000 Total otters = 419-

lQ

Sea otter end -shy 1 swMontague middot Helicopter survey

26 June i~~O 000 Scale - middot s ~ 230Total otter

Hinchinbrook I

Montague I north end

Green I

Montague I south end

Cordova to Pt Freemantle

Columbia Bay Glacier I Unakwik

Naked Storey I

Seal Smith I

Knight I north end Eleanor Ingot Disc I

Knight I south end

Dutch Group Axel Lind Perry I

Ports Wells College and Harriman Fiords

Crafton I to Whittier

Latouche Elrington I

Evans Bainbridge I

Port Bainbridge

Whale Bay to Crafton I

-4shy

24 June 1973 - fair to excellent surface conditions calm rain on north side reduced visibility from front excellent on south side

24 June 1973 - fair to poor surface conditions calm rain in Zaikof Bay

24 June 1973 - excellent calm and overcast

26 June 1973 - excellent to good surface conditions calm some glare at Cape Cleare arid offshore

26 June 1973 - excellent to good surface conditions calm rain squalls at head several bays

28 June 1973 - good light west wind some glare

28 June 1973 - good 5 knot west wind some glare

27 June 1973 - excellent calm surface broken overcast no glare

27 June 1973 - good calm but glare in some areas

27 June 1973 - good to poor some light winds glare very bad at times on offshore side

29 June 1973 - good light wind overcast

29 June 1973 - excellent calm surface overcast

29 June 1973 - excellent to good calm overcast some shadows near shore

27 June - fair to poor some chop on water glare

27 June 1973 - fair to poor some bad glare when heading south

28 June 1973 - poor choppy in middle of bays bad glare

28 June 1973 - good glare sky clear

-5shy

SEA OTTER

Historical records indicate that sea otters were fairly abundant in Prince William Sound prior to 1742 the beginning of Russian exploitation Howshyever by 1800 aboriginal populations of sea otters in the Prince William Sound area had been reduced to very low levels Continued Russian hunting through 1867 and then intensive American exploitation until 1911 prevented any recovery (Lensink 1962)

Remnant groups of animals apparently survived as shown by Kenyons (1969) report of two illegally taken sea otter skins seized by the government at Seward in 1924 The repopulation of Prince William So~nd and the Kayak I area undoubtedly resulted from the buildup and dispersal of these remnant groups The pattern of population recovery is fairly evident when Lensinks (1962) summary of pre 1961 observations is examined along with Department records and results of this survey (table 1)

Sizable groups of otters were reported during the late 1940s and early 1950s from Montague I Hinchinbrook I Latouche-Elrington I and the Kayak I area Rare sightings of one or two animals were made in other areas (Lensink 1962) In the early 1960s distribution remained about the same but numbers appeared to have increased Now several additional areas are well populated including Knight I Naked I and the Knowles Head - Port Gravina area A group of 34 sea otters was recently found in Harriman Fiord far from any well populated area Additional small groups and singles are occassionally seen almost any where in Prince William Sound Sightings from the formerly barren northwestern portion of the Sound are increasingly frequent

During the same time period sea otter numbers around Kayak I appear to have dropped Aerial surveys in 1959 and 1960 produced 138 and 122 animals Five Department surveys between 1964 and 1973 failed to find more than 39 sea otters although a pilot reported seeing 85-100 otters in1965 Reasons for the apparent decline are not known but several possibilities have been advanced Changes in habitat resulting from the 1964 earthquake might have reduced carrying capacity although some areas in Prince William Sound appeared to experience more severe disturbance without corresponding reducshytions in numbers Reports of otters down the coast toward Yakutat have caused speculation of emigration

Helicopter surveys for sea otter are useful in determining and monitoring changes in distribution They are of limited value in determining magnitude and changes in population size Survey results vary as numerous factors influence the number of animals seen Distribution of sea otters will affect the number seen When animals are scattered offshore many are missed during a shoreline survey Higher counts will be obtained when otters are found in large pods close to shore as they are less likely to be missed Some otters are diving for food and will be missed Kenyon and Spencer (1960) assumed that nearly 25 of the otters in the flight path will be submerged and missed during a survey Weather conditions time of day observer experience and ability and pilot ability all affect survey results

-6shy

Table 1 Summary of sea otter surveys and sightings Prince William Sound - Kayak I

Area Pre-1959a 1959b 1960c 1964d 1970e 1973f

Kayak I NS 163 122 39 5 7

Hawkins I 1 (1951) NS NS NS 1 10

Hinch Egg I 150 (1951) 58 48 167 101 367

Montague I 78 (1957) 349 100 42 259 514

Green I area NS 42 101 116 103 135

Galena Bay to NS NS NS NS 1 6 Fish Bay

Fish Bay to Cordova NS 0 NS NS 104 200

Esther Pass to NS 0 NS NS NS 18 Valdez Arm

Naked Storey 1 (1959) NS 0 0 NS 159 Peak I

Knight Eleanor I 2 (1956) N S 1 3 145 208

Port Wells College NS N S NS Ns NS 35 Harr Fiords Esther I

Nellie Juan to NS 0 NS NS 1 28 Passage Canal

P Bainbridge 64 (1949) 96 149 41 133 293 Latouche area

Other Sightings of Interest

1 Whittier 6 winter 1969-70 2 Perry I 5 1968 3 Falls Bay 4 1968 4 Dangerous Pass 5 1968 5 Kayak I 35 1968

85-100 1965

a Lens ink (1962) - summary of miscellaneous observation b Lensink (1962) - fixed wing aerial survey c Lensink (1962) - fixed wing aerial survey d ADFampG - fixed wing aerial survey e ADFampG - fixed wing aerial survey f ADFampG - Helicopter survey

-7shy

Lensink (1962) estimated the Prince William Sound - Kayak I populations at 1000-1500 based on actual observations of 702 otters during a fixed wing survey Considering recent information on the accuracy of various types of sea otter surveys (Schneider 1971) his estimate was probably conservative possibly by 100 The Alaska Department of Fish amp Game (1973) estimates the population at 5000 This figure seems reasonable in light of the 2015 otters counted on this survey (map nos 1- 21) Comparative shore- helicopter counts on Amchitka Island showed that two to four times as many animals could be counted from the shore and even then some are missed (Schneider 1971)

In the Aleutian Islands sea otters form sexual segregations which have been studied by several observers Lensink (1962) Kenyon (1969) and Schneider (19721973) These workers found discrete female areas composed of females pups and some mature males and male areas in which numerous subadult males and some older males are found Number of males in the female areas varies directly with the number of estrous females In the Aleutians male areas are usually found where shallow water extends farther offshore than normal often near an exposed point of land or a pass between islands Female areas are often points with water sheltered by rocks and islets (Schneider 1971)

If sexual segregation exists in Prince William Sound it doesnt appear to take the same form as in the Aleutians Some areas seem to have charactershyistics of female areas but no discrete male areas have been found (Schneider 1973) Habitat is considerably different from the Aleutians and sexual segregation could be expressed in a different way

Accurate knowledge of segregation and identification of specific areas would be important in event of localized kills of sea otters It would be impossible to adequately evaluate effect on the population without knowing which segments were involved The desired information could be obtained with shore and skiff counts in certain areas and selective collecting

Ml ~middotmiddot - ~middot --middot ~

---shy

middot- middot

~~middotmiddot Lone

It Bal~y

111

-----

N A T I 0 0

7--__ middot -----shy

Sea otter Kayak I Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 1250000 Total otters - 7

Sea otter Copper River Delta Helicopter survey 23 June 1973 Scale 1250000 Total otters = 0

0-----------shy0

------

M3

18

f

72

72 l 68

~ --

NOTI

$1r

75 76 78 76

sli 75 B73 75

76 81

78 83

sA

~ ---- Jr~~~~(5) A middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot0~imiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~ D 6 ~i~) r middotmiddot5 Ji 4

4 ~middot 52 1 [ ~) ~123 middotmiddotmiddot

2 l 4 bull middotmiddot- 6-~ ~ftO) DEAD Tliilt~ ~-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot bullbullbull

8 2~ u ~1~r--L 4 middot--~~-~ E~g ICjslands~- 13 ( ltmiddot middot f 1

2 7 I 2 2l ~ middotmiddot t f3) 1)15) PA tlY- 2 middotmiddotmiddot~ Fl 6sec ~~ ll

5 2 - o 20ft 8M 2zbull 1 tl I 4 3l ~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddotbull ) I~ -1A~

2 I4 4 0----middot ) 3 21 li__ 3l middot---rmiddotmiddot 9 51 _ -I 4l I middot3

6 ~ f) ~- I

---f-1--=-q ---6

Sea otter Hawkins I Orca Bay Helicopter survey 24 26 June 1973 Scale - 1200000 Total otters = 10

II

----lJ---shy

_~_ ~

14-77

2009

~~~ INCHINBROO

t~ ~~6551505

(i

~~tpv----2L-middot

_1421 ~ I ~1709

~ t~- 1yen1 1205 111

~

Sea otter Hinchinbrook I Helicopter survey 24 June 1973 Scale - 120DOOO Total otters = ill_ ~ff~ f~t litbull

btl -~middotmiddot I85 bullmiddotmiddot 66 67

middotmiddot14559

j4 60

64 59

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot1~8

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot s

30 buCI

45 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 0 IGImiddotmiddotmiddotq

iss~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot I (cbgtrt 8gt20)

145

53 12

J 1(

lOG shy

155 128

ISO 124

139 146 J)IM

130 0

137

128 122 gM

52

0

146 12

~otter

141 Ill r Montague 1 - north end Green I

Helicopter survey 24 26 June 1973

119 Scale - 1200000 Total otters = 419-

lQ

Sea otter end -shy 1 swMontague middot Helicopter survey

26 June i~~O 000 Scale - middot s ~ 230Total otter

-5shy

SEA OTTER

Historical records indicate that sea otters were fairly abundant in Prince William Sound prior to 1742 the beginning of Russian exploitation Howshyever by 1800 aboriginal populations of sea otters in the Prince William Sound area had been reduced to very low levels Continued Russian hunting through 1867 and then intensive American exploitation until 1911 prevented any recovery (Lensink 1962)

Remnant groups of animals apparently survived as shown by Kenyons (1969) report of two illegally taken sea otter skins seized by the government at Seward in 1924 The repopulation of Prince William So~nd and the Kayak I area undoubtedly resulted from the buildup and dispersal of these remnant groups The pattern of population recovery is fairly evident when Lensinks (1962) summary of pre 1961 observations is examined along with Department records and results of this survey (table 1)

Sizable groups of otters were reported during the late 1940s and early 1950s from Montague I Hinchinbrook I Latouche-Elrington I and the Kayak I area Rare sightings of one or two animals were made in other areas (Lensink 1962) In the early 1960s distribution remained about the same but numbers appeared to have increased Now several additional areas are well populated including Knight I Naked I and the Knowles Head - Port Gravina area A group of 34 sea otters was recently found in Harriman Fiord far from any well populated area Additional small groups and singles are occassionally seen almost any where in Prince William Sound Sightings from the formerly barren northwestern portion of the Sound are increasingly frequent

During the same time period sea otter numbers around Kayak I appear to have dropped Aerial surveys in 1959 and 1960 produced 138 and 122 animals Five Department surveys between 1964 and 1973 failed to find more than 39 sea otters although a pilot reported seeing 85-100 otters in1965 Reasons for the apparent decline are not known but several possibilities have been advanced Changes in habitat resulting from the 1964 earthquake might have reduced carrying capacity although some areas in Prince William Sound appeared to experience more severe disturbance without corresponding reducshytions in numbers Reports of otters down the coast toward Yakutat have caused speculation of emigration

Helicopter surveys for sea otter are useful in determining and monitoring changes in distribution They are of limited value in determining magnitude and changes in population size Survey results vary as numerous factors influence the number of animals seen Distribution of sea otters will affect the number seen When animals are scattered offshore many are missed during a shoreline survey Higher counts will be obtained when otters are found in large pods close to shore as they are less likely to be missed Some otters are diving for food and will be missed Kenyon and Spencer (1960) assumed that nearly 25 of the otters in the flight path will be submerged and missed during a survey Weather conditions time of day observer experience and ability and pilot ability all affect survey results

-6shy

Table 1 Summary of sea otter surveys and sightings Prince William Sound - Kayak I

Area Pre-1959a 1959b 1960c 1964d 1970e 1973f

Kayak I NS 163 122 39 5 7

Hawkins I 1 (1951) NS NS NS 1 10

Hinch Egg I 150 (1951) 58 48 167 101 367

Montague I 78 (1957) 349 100 42 259 514

Green I area NS 42 101 116 103 135

Galena Bay to NS NS NS NS 1 6 Fish Bay

Fish Bay to Cordova NS 0 NS NS 104 200

Esther Pass to NS 0 NS NS NS 18 Valdez Arm

Naked Storey 1 (1959) NS 0 0 NS 159 Peak I

Knight Eleanor I 2 (1956) N S 1 3 145 208

Port Wells College NS N S NS Ns NS 35 Harr Fiords Esther I

Nellie Juan to NS 0 NS NS 1 28 Passage Canal

P Bainbridge 64 (1949) 96 149 41 133 293 Latouche area

Other Sightings of Interest

1 Whittier 6 winter 1969-70 2 Perry I 5 1968 3 Falls Bay 4 1968 4 Dangerous Pass 5 1968 5 Kayak I 35 1968

85-100 1965

a Lens ink (1962) - summary of miscellaneous observation b Lensink (1962) - fixed wing aerial survey c Lensink (1962) - fixed wing aerial survey d ADFampG - fixed wing aerial survey e ADFampG - fixed wing aerial survey f ADFampG - Helicopter survey

-7shy

Lensink (1962) estimated the Prince William Sound - Kayak I populations at 1000-1500 based on actual observations of 702 otters during a fixed wing survey Considering recent information on the accuracy of various types of sea otter surveys (Schneider 1971) his estimate was probably conservative possibly by 100 The Alaska Department of Fish amp Game (1973) estimates the population at 5000 This figure seems reasonable in light of the 2015 otters counted on this survey (map nos 1- 21) Comparative shore- helicopter counts on Amchitka Island showed that two to four times as many animals could be counted from the shore and even then some are missed (Schneider 1971)

In the Aleutian Islands sea otters form sexual segregations which have been studied by several observers Lensink (1962) Kenyon (1969) and Schneider (19721973) These workers found discrete female areas composed of females pups and some mature males and male areas in which numerous subadult males and some older males are found Number of males in the female areas varies directly with the number of estrous females In the Aleutians male areas are usually found where shallow water extends farther offshore than normal often near an exposed point of land or a pass between islands Female areas are often points with water sheltered by rocks and islets (Schneider 1971)

If sexual segregation exists in Prince William Sound it doesnt appear to take the same form as in the Aleutians Some areas seem to have charactershyistics of female areas but no discrete male areas have been found (Schneider 1973) Habitat is considerably different from the Aleutians and sexual segregation could be expressed in a different way

Accurate knowledge of segregation and identification of specific areas would be important in event of localized kills of sea otters It would be impossible to adequately evaluate effect on the population without knowing which segments were involved The desired information could be obtained with shore and skiff counts in certain areas and selective collecting

Ml ~middotmiddot - ~middot --middot ~

---shy

middot- middot

~~middotmiddot Lone

It Bal~y

111

-----

N A T I 0 0

7--__ middot -----shy

Sea otter Kayak I Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 1250000 Total otters - 7

Sea otter Copper River Delta Helicopter survey 23 June 1973 Scale 1250000 Total otters = 0

0-----------shy0

------

M3

18

f

72

72 l 68

~ --

NOTI

$1r

75 76 78 76

sli 75 B73 75

76 81

78 83

sA

~ ---- Jr~~~~(5) A middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot0~imiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~ D 6 ~i~) r middotmiddot5 Ji 4

4 ~middot 52 1 [ ~) ~123 middotmiddotmiddot

2 l 4 bull middotmiddot- 6-~ ~ftO) DEAD Tliilt~ ~-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot bullbullbull

8 2~ u ~1~r--L 4 middot--~~-~ E~g ICjslands~- 13 ( ltmiddot middot f 1

2 7 I 2 2l ~ middotmiddot t f3) 1)15) PA tlY- 2 middotmiddotmiddot~ Fl 6sec ~~ ll

5 2 - o 20ft 8M 2zbull 1 tl I 4 3l ~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddotbull ) I~ -1A~

2 I4 4 0----middot ) 3 21 li__ 3l middot---rmiddotmiddot 9 51 _ -I 4l I middot3

6 ~ f) ~- I

---f-1--=-q ---6

Sea otter Hawkins I Orca Bay Helicopter survey 24 26 June 1973 Scale - 1200000 Total otters = 10

II

----lJ---shy

_~_ ~

14-77

2009

~~~ INCHINBROO

t~ ~~6551505

(i

~~tpv----2L-middot

_1421 ~ I ~1709

~ t~- 1yen1 1205 111

~

Sea otter Hinchinbrook I Helicopter survey 24 June 1973 Scale - 120DOOO Total otters = ill_ ~ff~ f~t litbull

btl -~middotmiddot I85 bullmiddotmiddot 66 67

middotmiddot14559

j4 60

64 59

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot1~8

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot s

30 buCI

45 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 0 IGImiddotmiddotmiddotq

iss~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot I (cbgtrt 8gt20)

145

53 12

J 1(

lOG shy

155 128

ISO 124

139 146 J)IM

130 0

137

128 122 gM

52

0

146 12

~otter

141 Ill r Montague 1 - north end Green I

Helicopter survey 24 26 June 1973

119 Scale - 1200000 Total otters = 419-

lQ

Sea otter end -shy 1 swMontague middot Helicopter survey

26 June i~~O 000 Scale - middot s ~ 230Total otter

-6shy

Table 1 Summary of sea otter surveys and sightings Prince William Sound - Kayak I

Area Pre-1959a 1959b 1960c 1964d 1970e 1973f

Kayak I NS 163 122 39 5 7

Hawkins I 1 (1951) NS NS NS 1 10

Hinch Egg I 150 (1951) 58 48 167 101 367

Montague I 78 (1957) 349 100 42 259 514

Green I area NS 42 101 116 103 135

Galena Bay to NS NS NS NS 1 6 Fish Bay

Fish Bay to Cordova NS 0 NS NS 104 200

Esther Pass to NS 0 NS NS NS 18 Valdez Arm

Naked Storey 1 (1959) NS 0 0 NS 159 Peak I

Knight Eleanor I 2 (1956) N S 1 3 145 208

Port Wells College NS N S NS Ns NS 35 Harr Fiords Esther I

Nellie Juan to NS 0 NS NS 1 28 Passage Canal

P Bainbridge 64 (1949) 96 149 41 133 293 Latouche area

Other Sightings of Interest

1 Whittier 6 winter 1969-70 2 Perry I 5 1968 3 Falls Bay 4 1968 4 Dangerous Pass 5 1968 5 Kayak I 35 1968

85-100 1965

a Lens ink (1962) - summary of miscellaneous observation b Lensink (1962) - fixed wing aerial survey c Lensink (1962) - fixed wing aerial survey d ADFampG - fixed wing aerial survey e ADFampG - fixed wing aerial survey f ADFampG - Helicopter survey

-7shy

Lensink (1962) estimated the Prince William Sound - Kayak I populations at 1000-1500 based on actual observations of 702 otters during a fixed wing survey Considering recent information on the accuracy of various types of sea otter surveys (Schneider 1971) his estimate was probably conservative possibly by 100 The Alaska Department of Fish amp Game (1973) estimates the population at 5000 This figure seems reasonable in light of the 2015 otters counted on this survey (map nos 1- 21) Comparative shore- helicopter counts on Amchitka Island showed that two to four times as many animals could be counted from the shore and even then some are missed (Schneider 1971)

In the Aleutian Islands sea otters form sexual segregations which have been studied by several observers Lensink (1962) Kenyon (1969) and Schneider (19721973) These workers found discrete female areas composed of females pups and some mature males and male areas in which numerous subadult males and some older males are found Number of males in the female areas varies directly with the number of estrous females In the Aleutians male areas are usually found where shallow water extends farther offshore than normal often near an exposed point of land or a pass between islands Female areas are often points with water sheltered by rocks and islets (Schneider 1971)

If sexual segregation exists in Prince William Sound it doesnt appear to take the same form as in the Aleutians Some areas seem to have charactershyistics of female areas but no discrete male areas have been found (Schneider 1973) Habitat is considerably different from the Aleutians and sexual segregation could be expressed in a different way

Accurate knowledge of segregation and identification of specific areas would be important in event of localized kills of sea otters It would be impossible to adequately evaluate effect on the population without knowing which segments were involved The desired information could be obtained with shore and skiff counts in certain areas and selective collecting

Ml ~middotmiddot - ~middot --middot ~

---shy

middot- middot

~~middotmiddot Lone

It Bal~y

111

-----

N A T I 0 0

7--__ middot -----shy

Sea otter Kayak I Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 1250000 Total otters - 7

Sea otter Copper River Delta Helicopter survey 23 June 1973 Scale 1250000 Total otters = 0

0-----------shy0

------

M3

18

f

72

72 l 68

~ --

NOTI

$1r

75 76 78 76

sli 75 B73 75

76 81

78 83

sA

~ ---- Jr~~~~(5) A middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot0~imiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~ D 6 ~i~) r middotmiddot5 Ji 4

4 ~middot 52 1 [ ~) ~123 middotmiddotmiddot

2 l 4 bull middotmiddot- 6-~ ~ftO) DEAD Tliilt~ ~-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot bullbullbull

8 2~ u ~1~r--L 4 middot--~~-~ E~g ICjslands~- 13 ( ltmiddot middot f 1

2 7 I 2 2l ~ middotmiddot t f3) 1)15) PA tlY- 2 middotmiddotmiddot~ Fl 6sec ~~ ll

5 2 - o 20ft 8M 2zbull 1 tl I 4 3l ~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddotbull ) I~ -1A~

2 I4 4 0----middot ) 3 21 li__ 3l middot---rmiddotmiddot 9 51 _ -I 4l I middot3

6 ~ f) ~- I

---f-1--=-q ---6

Sea otter Hawkins I Orca Bay Helicopter survey 24 26 June 1973 Scale - 1200000 Total otters = 10

II

----lJ---shy

_~_ ~

14-77

2009

~~~ INCHINBROO

t~ ~~6551505

(i

~~tpv----2L-middot

_1421 ~ I ~1709

~ t~- 1yen1 1205 111

~

Sea otter Hinchinbrook I Helicopter survey 24 June 1973 Scale - 120DOOO Total otters = ill_ ~ff~ f~t litbull

btl -~middotmiddot I85 bullmiddotmiddot 66 67

middotmiddot14559

j4 60

64 59

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot1~8

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot s

30 buCI

45 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 0 IGImiddotmiddotmiddotq

iss~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot I (cbgtrt 8gt20)

145

53 12

J 1(

lOG shy

155 128

ISO 124

139 146 J)IM

130 0

137

128 122 gM

52

0

146 12

~otter

141 Ill r Montague 1 - north end Green I

Helicopter survey 24 26 June 1973

119 Scale - 1200000 Total otters = 419-

lQ

Sea otter end -shy 1 swMontague middot Helicopter survey

26 June i~~O 000 Scale - middot s ~ 230Total otter

-7shy

Lensink (1962) estimated the Prince William Sound - Kayak I populations at 1000-1500 based on actual observations of 702 otters during a fixed wing survey Considering recent information on the accuracy of various types of sea otter surveys (Schneider 1971) his estimate was probably conservative possibly by 100 The Alaska Department of Fish amp Game (1973) estimates the population at 5000 This figure seems reasonable in light of the 2015 otters counted on this survey (map nos 1- 21) Comparative shore- helicopter counts on Amchitka Island showed that two to four times as many animals could be counted from the shore and even then some are missed (Schneider 1971)

In the Aleutian Islands sea otters form sexual segregations which have been studied by several observers Lensink (1962) Kenyon (1969) and Schneider (19721973) These workers found discrete female areas composed of females pups and some mature males and male areas in which numerous subadult males and some older males are found Number of males in the female areas varies directly with the number of estrous females In the Aleutians male areas are usually found where shallow water extends farther offshore than normal often near an exposed point of land or a pass between islands Female areas are often points with water sheltered by rocks and islets (Schneider 1971)

If sexual segregation exists in Prince William Sound it doesnt appear to take the same form as in the Aleutians Some areas seem to have charactershyistics of female areas but no discrete male areas have been found (Schneider 1973) Habitat is considerably different from the Aleutians and sexual segregation could be expressed in a different way

Accurate knowledge of segregation and identification of specific areas would be important in event of localized kills of sea otters It would be impossible to adequately evaluate effect on the population without knowing which segments were involved The desired information could be obtained with shore and skiff counts in certain areas and selective collecting

Ml ~middotmiddot - ~middot --middot ~

---shy

middot- middot

~~middotmiddot Lone

It Bal~y

111

-----

N A T I 0 0

7--__ middot -----shy

Sea otter Kayak I Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 1250000 Total otters - 7

Sea otter Copper River Delta Helicopter survey 23 June 1973 Scale 1250000 Total otters = 0

0-----------shy0

------

M3

18

f

72

72 l 68

~ --

NOTI

$1r

75 76 78 76

sli 75 B73 75

76 81

78 83

sA

~ ---- Jr~~~~(5) A middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot0~imiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~ D 6 ~i~) r middotmiddot5 Ji 4

4 ~middot 52 1 [ ~) ~123 middotmiddotmiddot

2 l 4 bull middotmiddot- 6-~ ~ftO) DEAD Tliilt~ ~-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot bullbullbull

8 2~ u ~1~r--L 4 middot--~~-~ E~g ICjslands~- 13 ( ltmiddot middot f 1

2 7 I 2 2l ~ middotmiddot t f3) 1)15) PA tlY- 2 middotmiddotmiddot~ Fl 6sec ~~ ll

5 2 - o 20ft 8M 2zbull 1 tl I 4 3l ~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddotbull ) I~ -1A~

2 I4 4 0----middot ) 3 21 li__ 3l middot---rmiddotmiddot 9 51 _ -I 4l I middot3

6 ~ f) ~- I

---f-1--=-q ---6

Sea otter Hawkins I Orca Bay Helicopter survey 24 26 June 1973 Scale - 1200000 Total otters = 10

II

----lJ---shy

_~_ ~

14-77

2009

~~~ INCHINBROO

t~ ~~6551505

(i

~~tpv----2L-middot

_1421 ~ I ~1709

~ t~- 1yen1 1205 111

~

Sea otter Hinchinbrook I Helicopter survey 24 June 1973 Scale - 120DOOO Total otters = ill_ ~ff~ f~t litbull

btl -~middotmiddot I85 bullmiddotmiddot 66 67

middotmiddot14559

j4 60

64 59

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot1~8

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot s

30 buCI

45 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 0 IGImiddotmiddotmiddotq

iss~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot I (cbgtrt 8gt20)

145

53 12

J 1(

lOG shy

155 128

ISO 124

139 146 J)IM

130 0

137

128 122 gM

52

0

146 12

~otter

141 Ill r Montague 1 - north end Green I

Helicopter survey 24 26 June 1973

119 Scale - 1200000 Total otters = 419-

lQ

Sea otter end -shy 1 swMontague middot Helicopter survey

26 June i~~O 000 Scale - middot s ~ 230Total otter

Ml ~middotmiddot - ~middot --middot ~

---shy

middot- middot

~~middotmiddot Lone

It Bal~y

111

-----

N A T I 0 0

7--__ middot -----shy

Sea otter Kayak I Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 1250000 Total otters - 7

Sea otter Copper River Delta Helicopter survey 23 June 1973 Scale 1250000 Total otters = 0

0-----------shy0

------

M3

18

f

72

72 l 68

~ --

NOTI

$1r

75 76 78 76

sli 75 B73 75

76 81

78 83

sA

~ ---- Jr~~~~(5) A middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot0~imiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~ D 6 ~i~) r middotmiddot5 Ji 4

4 ~middot 52 1 [ ~) ~123 middotmiddotmiddot

2 l 4 bull middotmiddot- 6-~ ~ftO) DEAD Tliilt~ ~-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot bullbullbull

8 2~ u ~1~r--L 4 middot--~~-~ E~g ICjslands~- 13 ( ltmiddot middot f 1

2 7 I 2 2l ~ middotmiddot t f3) 1)15) PA tlY- 2 middotmiddotmiddot~ Fl 6sec ~~ ll

5 2 - o 20ft 8M 2zbull 1 tl I 4 3l ~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddotbull ) I~ -1A~

2 I4 4 0----middot ) 3 21 li__ 3l middot---rmiddotmiddot 9 51 _ -I 4l I middot3

6 ~ f) ~- I

---f-1--=-q ---6

Sea otter Hawkins I Orca Bay Helicopter survey 24 26 June 1973 Scale - 1200000 Total otters = 10

II

----lJ---shy

_~_ ~

14-77

2009

~~~ INCHINBROO

t~ ~~6551505

(i

~~tpv----2L-middot

_1421 ~ I ~1709

~ t~- 1yen1 1205 111

~

Sea otter Hinchinbrook I Helicopter survey 24 June 1973 Scale - 120DOOO Total otters = ill_ ~ff~ f~t litbull

btl -~middotmiddot I85 bullmiddotmiddot 66 67

middotmiddot14559

j4 60

64 59

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot1~8

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot s

30 buCI

45 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 0 IGImiddotmiddotmiddotq

iss~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot I (cbgtrt 8gt20)

145

53 12

J 1(

lOG shy

155 128

ISO 124

139 146 J)IM

130 0

137

128 122 gM

52

0

146 12

~otter

141 Ill r Montague 1 - north end Green I

Helicopter survey 24 26 June 1973

119 Scale - 1200000 Total otters = 419-

lQ

Sea otter end -shy 1 swMontague middot Helicopter survey

26 June i~~O 000 Scale - middot s ~ 230Total otter

Sea otter Copper River Delta Helicopter survey 23 June 1973 Scale 1250000 Total otters = 0

0-----------shy0

------

M3

18

f

72

72 l 68

~ --

NOTI

$1r

75 76 78 76

sli 75 B73 75

76 81

78 83

sA

~ ---- Jr~~~~(5) A middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot0~imiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~ D 6 ~i~) r middotmiddot5 Ji 4

4 ~middot 52 1 [ ~) ~123 middotmiddotmiddot

2 l 4 bull middotmiddot- 6-~ ~ftO) DEAD Tliilt~ ~-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot bullbullbull

8 2~ u ~1~r--L 4 middot--~~-~ E~g ICjslands~- 13 ( ltmiddot middot f 1

2 7 I 2 2l ~ middotmiddot t f3) 1)15) PA tlY- 2 middotmiddotmiddot~ Fl 6sec ~~ ll

5 2 - o 20ft 8M 2zbull 1 tl I 4 3l ~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddotbull ) I~ -1A~

2 I4 4 0----middot ) 3 21 li__ 3l middot---rmiddotmiddot 9 51 _ -I 4l I middot3

6 ~ f) ~- I

---f-1--=-q ---6

Sea otter Hawkins I Orca Bay Helicopter survey 24 26 June 1973 Scale - 1200000 Total otters = 10

II

----lJ---shy

_~_ ~

14-77

2009

~~~ INCHINBROO

t~ ~~6551505

(i

~~tpv----2L-middot

_1421 ~ I ~1709

~ t~- 1yen1 1205 111

~

Sea otter Hinchinbrook I Helicopter survey 24 June 1973 Scale - 120DOOO Total otters = ill_ ~ff~ f~t litbull

btl -~middotmiddot I85 bullmiddotmiddot 66 67

middotmiddot14559

j4 60

64 59

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot1~8

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot s

30 buCI

45 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 0 IGImiddotmiddotmiddotq

iss~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot I (cbgtrt 8gt20)

145

53 12

J 1(

lOG shy

155 128

ISO 124

139 146 J)IM

130 0

137

128 122 gM

52

0

146 12

~otter

141 Ill r Montague 1 - north end Green I

Helicopter survey 24 26 June 1973

119 Scale - 1200000 Total otters = 419-

lQ

Sea otter end -shy 1 swMontague middot Helicopter survey

26 June i~~O 000 Scale - middot s ~ 230Total otter

------

M3

18

f

72

72 l 68

~ --

NOTI

$1r

75 76 78 76

sli 75 B73 75

76 81

78 83

sA

~ ---- Jr~~~~(5) A middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot0~imiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~ D 6 ~i~) r middotmiddot5 Ji 4

4 ~middot 52 1 [ ~) ~123 middotmiddotmiddot

2 l 4 bull middotmiddot- 6-~ ~ftO) DEAD Tliilt~ ~-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot bullbullbull

8 2~ u ~1~r--L 4 middot--~~-~ E~g ICjslands~- 13 ( ltmiddot middot f 1

2 7 I 2 2l ~ middotmiddot t f3) 1)15) PA tlY- 2 middotmiddotmiddot~ Fl 6sec ~~ ll

5 2 - o 20ft 8M 2zbull 1 tl I 4 3l ~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddotbull ) I~ -1A~

2 I4 4 0----middot ) 3 21 li__ 3l middot---rmiddotmiddot 9 51 _ -I 4l I middot3

6 ~ f) ~- I

---f-1--=-q ---6

Sea otter Hawkins I Orca Bay Helicopter survey 24 26 June 1973 Scale - 1200000 Total otters = 10

II

----lJ---shy

_~_ ~

14-77

2009

~~~ INCHINBROO

t~ ~~6551505

(i

~~tpv----2L-middot

_1421 ~ I ~1709

~ t~- 1yen1 1205 111

~

Sea otter Hinchinbrook I Helicopter survey 24 June 1973 Scale - 120DOOO Total otters = ill_ ~ff~ f~t litbull

btl -~middotmiddot I85 bullmiddotmiddot 66 67

middotmiddot14559

j4 60

64 59

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot1~8

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot s

30 buCI

45 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 0 IGImiddotmiddotmiddotq

iss~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot I (cbgtrt 8gt20)

145

53 12

J 1(

lOG shy

155 128

ISO 124

139 146 J)IM

130 0

137

128 122 gM

52

0

146 12

~otter

141 Ill r Montague 1 - north end Green I

Helicopter survey 24 26 June 1973

119 Scale - 1200000 Total otters = 419-

lQ

Sea otter end -shy 1 swMontague middot Helicopter survey

26 June i~~O 000 Scale - middot s ~ 230Total otter

II

----lJ---shy

_~_ ~

14-77

2009

~~~ INCHINBROO

t~ ~~6551505

(i

~~tpv----2L-middot

_1421 ~ I ~1709

~ t~- 1yen1 1205 111

~

Sea otter Hinchinbrook I Helicopter survey 24 June 1973 Scale - 120DOOO Total otters = ill_ ~ff~ f~t litbull

btl -~middotmiddot I85 bullmiddotmiddot 66 67

middotmiddot14559

j4 60

64 59

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot1~8

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot s

30 buCI

45 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 0 IGImiddotmiddotmiddotq

iss~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot I (cbgtrt 8gt20)

145

53 12

J 1(

lOG shy

155 128

ISO 124

139 146 J)IM

130 0

137

128 122 gM

52

0

146 12

~otter

141 Ill r Montague 1 - north end Green I

Helicopter survey 24 26 June 1973

119 Scale - 1200000 Total otters = 419-

lQ

Sea otter end -shy 1 swMontague middot Helicopter survey

26 June i~~O 000 Scale - middot s ~ 230Total otter

btl -~middotmiddot I85 bullmiddotmiddot 66 67

middotmiddot14559

j4 60

64 59

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot1~8

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot s

30 buCI

45 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 0 IGImiddotmiddotmiddotq

iss~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot I (cbgtrt 8gt20)

145

53 12

J 1(

lOG shy

155 128

ISO 124

139 146 J)IM

130 0

137

128 122 gM

52

0

146 12

~otter

141 Ill r Montague 1 - north end Green I

Helicopter survey 24 26 June 1973

119 Scale - 1200000 Total otters = 419-

lQ

Sea otter end -shy 1 swMontague middot Helicopter survey

26 June i~~O 000 Scale - middot s ~ 230Total otter

lQ

Sea otter end -shy 1 swMontague middot Helicopter survey

26 June i~~O 000 Scale - middot s ~ 230Total otter

Sea otterIbull Port Fidalgo Port Gravina

- w- middot24 -( 30 Helicopter survey 26 June 197339 Scale - 1200000 Total otters = 199 Offshore flight line

~- - ~ -~~-__~

-- ~- ----~-- -1

--~_-middot --shy -middot ~ middot-~ ~middot

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=--shy~-~

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2945 middot-~2~4220 ltJtw -

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Tht shcrtcr cf ither t~c noir r-Jor ht

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CAUTtON

Only m~rnt~ riJcb--Jorbulli llVf cii1 Jir~Hd f-r S1Hfacc ~e Li-nitJtcns or ~h~ u~c G~ ot~~ r~j u si1n~1) iS Jid~ tc Mitllc n~vi[atio fJr J f(~bull ~

tnt U$ Co~~t Cu1rci Li~t _jf L~r-~ a-1 o-~ r r~r -c Aids and US -iv~ C)-CampIiJ~rpic Ctf~l P~rn~~i-l HO 117 (Aamp 6)

~45-l

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Sea otter Valdez Arm Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 1200000 T ot~ =~ Offshore flight line

I

bull F -middot - - bullbull cu0~0-~ 11~ - shy---- =-~-~ ~~ I r t ~ middotmiddot - -- shy ltmiddotgtshy _ I) lie bull - -- - ~~

middot_ T~ ~l ~~~cUrt o~ middot_i~f~ bullbullB ~1

~ ~~~ ~270 shy

0 2

21 4 1 241

~

-middot M

150-shy I I I I

200 205

210 I ~ 199

M

00 195

i53 I I~

i93

bullbulll

L 1gtshy

-lt l9bull ir --shy yi)

- middot) rJ r I

bullbull bullJ middot-middot bull ~ _ i)- ~-middotmiddot~middote-el~hLLl bull ~~middot middot i--_ltgt ~ ~middot- bull i bull i-bull bullc bullbull middotmiddotbull

flgtmiddotmiddot-1--JT--imiddotitJi middotmiddot ~-middot bullvmiddotmiddot~-middotj~J~bull ~-- bullf~_-1-f--i

middott ~~~~~~~ ~~~r9t~ 1 1 ~ __ Xr -~~ bullmiddot -(~ bull [I middotmiddot-~middotmiddot Gt I I ) lt-middotmiddot ~ middot lt~~o7s ~j1 ijjl ~r-middot rfr1 1)middot j 1JJmiddotmiddot- middot(rl ~middotmiddottimiddotbullmiddot r ( bull

11 middot--middot J _ - cmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddotbullmiddotJSgt ( middot~bull - bull1(1-~ ~-~-bull1[ltmiddot~ middot rmiddot-e~-- -middot71imiddot~~~~-- r---~2 middot~~ middot1~1-f~~rt(WtJfliK~~clt~~--1r---~~-- 4628 middot- _

I ~ middotmiddot

S006

SOUNDIXGS IN FATHOlviS AT MEAN LOWER LOW WATEI

-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddot bullmiddotbull

bull I i l -~

~ -cbullgt bull middot __middot~ middotmiddotmiddot_-~=

Sea otter middot --middot --- --~middot-- ~orGlacier I Unakwik L 28 29 June 1973 IH Helicopter survey rmiddotmiddoth

bull1Scale - 1 2 00 000 r- gt bull middotmiddotmiddotTotal otters = 16 r ) -- r~~

-~r-~~~gt~~~c-d1psr~_ -_-middot~_tmiddot-

123

MIO

i90 210158 270 254

Jl 21gt

285303

320

30 o

339

317 lj(Y)

328

329 262

302 280 2

2

290 351

351I 335 297

I 347 247

360

303r 300

230 bullm 140

270 280

285

2a

H

270

238 YI

264

i

246 220

220

215

Sea otter Naked Lone I 28 29 June 1973 Helico~ter sur~~~ Scale - 1200~ 159 Total otters - -- shy

1

7 I umiddot

j ( j

Smith Seal

123

MIO

i90 210158 270 254

Jl 21gt

285303

320

30 o

339

317 lj(Y)

328

329 262

302 280 2

2

290 351

351I 335 297

I 347 247

360

303r 300

230 bullm 140

270 280

285

2a

H

270

238 YI

264

i

246 220

220

215

Sea otter Naked Lone I 28 29 June 1973 Helico~ter sur~~~ Scale - 1200~ 159 Total otters - -- shy

1

7 I umiddot

j ( j

Smith Seal

1

7 I umiddot

j ( j

Smith Seal

1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

31

Sea otter ~lege Fiord Harriman F~d 29 June 1973 Helicopter survey Scale - 1200000 Total otters 34

162 94

ISO 204

187 200 214

eo ~ 1+7 134

~ 4

~ I ~1

bullmiddot 0

rr~ ll~ ~I ~

~I ~ I

--y 204Jy 201

ty

fJl

240 7195

C239 o

~

imiddot~ -cmiddot ~middot ~-- lt1)1~bull

3652 -shy 1 l middot _

1 bull--y ) - I 1 _- _o

v-bull

220 ZSI

126

145

193 229 146

235 134

~

201

0

poundlJ

235

f 731-ii

I

~ z

lfR 2tJvt jOIO r ~ 3

+0 shy ~ ~-~ ~shy ~ -- -shy ~ 5 ~~

Sea otter Nellie Juan Chenega I 27 29 June 1973 Helicopter survey Scale -1200000 Total otters = 1amp

Ml5

10

7

Sea otter Latouche I 27 June 1973 Helicopter survey Scale - 181436 Total otters =~

Ml6

- 3

Sea otter Elrington I 27 June 1973 Helicopter survey Scale- 181436 Total otters = 26

Hl7

5

1

~otter

Evans r Helicopt27 J er survey

une 1973 Scale- 1 81 4Tot 1 36 a otters = 34

37 rlrJI

71 149 164

167

154 103

112

170

175

205

248 235

267 109

2

130

153 222

268

190

57

260

260 6u

260 199 I-

260

2~~67

257

0 03bull

267 ~

~ 179~

268 bull 167 bull

243 267 14

145 6u~

212 215 ~

136 219 1~

161 I

125 12t

6uMI42 86 62

eo

~shy 5~ ~-75middotshy

Sea otter Whale Bay Bainbridge Pas Helicopter survey 27 28 June 1973 Scale - 181436 Total otters = 43

0

poundlJ

235

f 731-ii

I

~ z

lfR 2tJvt jOIO r ~ 3

+0 shy ~ ~-~ ~shy ~ -- -shy ~ 5 ~~

Sea otter Nellie Juan Chenega I 27 29 June 1973 Helicopter survey Scale -1200000 Total otters = 1amp

Ml5

10

7

Sea otter Latouche I 27 June 1973 Helicopter survey Scale - 181436 Total otters =~

Ml6

- 3

Sea otter Elrington I 27 June 1973 Helicopter survey Scale- 181436 Total otters = 26

Hl7

5

1

~otter

Evans r Helicopt27 J er survey

une 1973 Scale- 1 81 4Tot 1 36 a otters = 34

37 rlrJI

71 149 164

167

154 103

112

170

175

205

248 235

267 109

2

130

153 222

268

190

57

260

260 6u

260 199 I-

260

2~~67

257

0 03bull

267 ~

~ 179~

268 bull 167 bull

243 267 14

145 6u~

212 215 ~

136 219 1~

161 I

125 12t

6uMI42 86 62

eo

~shy 5~ ~-75middotshy

Sea otter Whale Bay Bainbridge Pas Helicopter survey 27 28 June 1973 Scale - 181436 Total otters = 43

Ml5

10

7

Sea otter Latouche I 27 June 1973 Helicopter survey Scale - 181436 Total otters =~

Ml6

- 3

Sea otter Elrington I 27 June 1973 Helicopter survey Scale- 181436 Total otters = 26

Hl7

5

1

~otter

Evans r Helicopt27 J er survey

une 1973 Scale- 1 81 4Tot 1 36 a otters = 34

37 rlrJI

71 149 164

167

154 103

112

170

175

205

248 235

267 109

2

130

153 222

268

190

57

260

260 6u

260 199 I-

260

2~~67

257

0 03bull

267 ~

~ 179~

268 bull 167 bull

243 267 14

145 6u~

212 215 ~

136 219 1~

161 I

125 12t

6uMI42 86 62

eo

~shy 5~ ~-75middotshy

Sea otter Whale Bay Bainbridge Pas Helicopter survey 27 28 June 1973 Scale - 181436 Total otters = 43

Ml6

- 3

Sea otter Elrington I 27 June 1973 Helicopter survey Scale- 181436 Total otters = 26

Hl7

5

1

~otter

Evans r Helicopt27 J er survey

une 1973 Scale- 1 81 4Tot 1 36 a otters = 34

37 rlrJI

71 149 164

167

154 103

112

170

175

205

248 235

267 109

2

130

153 222

268

190

57

260

260 6u

260 199 I-

260

2~~67

257

0 03bull

267 ~

~ 179~

268 bull 167 bull

243 267 14

145 6u~

212 215 ~

136 219 1~

161 I

125 12t

6uMI42 86 62

eo

~shy 5~ ~-75middotshy

Sea otter Whale Bay Bainbridge Pas Helicopter survey 27 28 June 1973 Scale - 181436 Total otters = 43

Hl7

5

1

~otter

Evans r Helicopt27 J er survey

une 1973 Scale- 1 81 4Tot 1 36 a otters = 34

37 rlrJI

71 149 164

167

154 103

112

170

175

205

248 235

267 109

2

130

153 222

268

190

57

260

260 6u

260 199 I-

260

2~~67

257

0 03bull

267 ~

~ 179~

268 bull 167 bull

243 267 14

145 6u~

212 215 ~

136 219 1~

161 I

125 12t

6uMI42 86 62

eo

~shy 5~ ~-75middotshy

Sea otter Whale Bay Bainbridge Pas Helicopter survey 27 28 June 1973 Scale - 181436 Total otters = 43

37 rlrJI

71 149 164

167

154 103

112

170

175

205

248 235

267 109

2

130

153 222

268

190

57

260

260 6u

260 199 I-

260

2~~67

257

0 03bull

267 ~

~ 179~

268 bull 167 bull

243 267 14

145 6u~

212 215 ~

136 219 1~

161 I

125 12t

6uMI42 86 62

eo

~shy 5~ ~-75middotshy

Sea otter Whale Bay Bainbridge Pas Helicopter survey 27 28 June 1973 Scale - 181436 Total otters = 43

Ml9

92

91

Sea otter Icy Bay Upper Port Bainbridge Helicopter survey28 June 1973 Scale - 181436 Total ott~rs bull 43

J

12 ~ 147

9( I ~

l1o6

~ c~ 148

149

149

tt1

60

17 120 10~

23 - -7--middot---middotshy

97 117

120 rl(y

113

108 122 106

103 rlty

80

f)

fll 8

II I33

148

62 M

80

72

97

101 middot 91 i 85

h~ 53~ 87 7

Qfl 07

~-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

Sea otter Cape Puget Port Bainbridge Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 181436 Total otters = 59

ry ~llmiddot IIJ(l 4t f -~

M21

i

I

middot IIogg Bay

I

~otter Bainbrid Helicopt I sw end 27 J survey

une 1973 Scale _ 1 Total ot 81436ters = 0

-9shy

SEA LION

Locations of major sea lion breeding rookeries and summer hauling grounds in the Prince William Sound- Kayak I area are well known (fig 2) Previous investigations by James Brooks (Alaska Fisheries Board and Alaska Department of Fisheries 1956) Mathisen and Lopp (1963) and Finn Sandegren (1970) provide background data on population status (Table 2)

An apparent large proportion of sea lion populations haul out on traditional rookeries and hauling grounds Highest numbers of animals are usually found during the summer (Mathisen and Lapp 1963) Breeding females and mature territorial bulls are strongly tied to rookeries Sandegren (1970) found considerable movement to and from a rookery Some territorial bulls went to sea occasionally while other remained on the rookery for over 60 days Females tend to make periodic trips to sea probably for feeding purposes but cows about to give birth who have just given birth or are estrous are reluctant to leave the rookery Peak numbers of animals are usually ashore about midday (Mathisen and Lopp 1963 and Saridegren 1970) Stormy weather high surf high tides disturbance and high solar radiation all appear to cause animals to return to the water Population estimates made on rookeries and hauling ground counts must be considered minimal as some animals will almost certainly be in the water at any given time The various factors which influence haul out behavior should be considered when planning a rookery count or when interpreting the results

The locations of rookeries and hauling grounds were known prior to our survey When these areas were approached in the helicopter the observers were prepared to photograph and estimate numbers of sea lions The initial pass was made at an altitude of about 500 feet and approximately 75 yards offshore Airspeed was reduced to allow for photographs to be taken and estimates of numbers The front seat observer estimated numbers while the backseat observer shyrecorder photographed the animals When the initial pass was completed most of the adults had entered the water and pups were counted The approach and method of coverage varied slightly from area to area as topography differed

The Cape St Elias rookery (map no 22) had been previously surveyed only once Mathisen and Lopp (1963) photographed the sea lions on 2 Oct 1957 and counted 1253 adults and 90 pups We photographed the rookery on this survey and found 1548 adults and 18 pups

Seal Rocks (map no 23) with 1533 adults and 200 pups was much higher than previous surveys In 1956 Mathisen and Lopp (1963) counted 162 adults and 21 pups The Bureau of Land Management took aerial photographs in 1966 which revealed a total of 846 sea lions Pups were restricted to two areas of the rookery The central gravel-rock portion produced most of the pups Nine pups were seen among 72 adults on a rocky point All other areas had many immature animals

Lewis Island sea lions (map no 24) have been studied more intensively than any others in Prince William Sound Population figures from 1956 to 1973 are summarized in table 2 It appears that numbers are now about half of 1956shy1957 levels Counts have dropped from 3000 in 1957 to 1269 in 1973

- - (usbull ch- ~~11Yl Jlf~~~lX a sst) ~

IJLoneJ )J[~If middot-r ettlI -

1 middot~ c -- - ~~akedi ~

MLWiu 725oWEzc 44r0 ~IIUthJ

(use ch 8SSIJsolfJVJJ a SeWJ

~ 0 I

62 IS

17 27

) 49 4 43 ~__middot--~-middotmiddotmiddot

84 _ 07 fcfoart 850)

-122~Figure 2 Locations of sea i lion rookeries and 126 summer hauling grounds 26 27 June 1973

-11shy

Table 2 Summary of sea lion rookery and summer hauling ground counts

Area Date Population Numbers

Cape St Elias 2 Oct 1957 - 1253 adults + 90 pups bull 1343 26 June 1973 - 1548 adults + 18 pups bull 1 2566

Seal Rocks 22 July 1956a - 162 adults + 21 pups bull 183 4 Sept 1966c total - 846

26 June 1973b - 1533 adults + 200 pups bull 1 2 733

Lewis Island 22 July 1956a - 466 adults + 213 pups bull 679 Summer 1956d - 2400 adults + 100 pups bull 22 500 3 June 1957a - total 32 000

27 May 1968 - 1500 adults + 49 pups 1 2549 26 June 1973 - 1243 adults + 26 pups 1 269

The Needle 22 June 1956a - 179 adults + 16 pups bull 195 3 June 1957 - 179 adults + 0 pups bull 179

26 June 1973 - 234 adults + 2 pups 236

Pt Elrington 22 June 1956a - 25 adults + 6 pups 31 3 June 1957 - 250 adults + 0 pups 250

21 June 1973 - 250 adults + 0 pups bull 250

a Mathisen and Lopp 1963 b Alaska Department of Fish amp Game survey c Bureau of Land Management aerial photo - pups not distinguishable d Alaska Fisheries Board and Alaska Department of Fisheries 1956 e Sandegren 1970 - using maximum count of adults and total number of pups

known born

-12shy

Sandegren (1970) describes extensive changes in the topography of Lewis I resulting from the 1964 earthquake Present distribution of animals is much different than pre-earthquake distribution Pupping and breeding areas are completely different The rookery area is now on the southern point of the island while the main hauling ground is near Harbor Point on the north side Changes in the rookery and hauling areas caused by the earthquake may be responsible for reduction in numbers

The Needle (map no 25) in 1956 had 179 adults and 16 pups In 1957 179 adults and no pups were found while in 1973 234 adults and two pups were counted No changes in population status were apparent

Point Elrington (map no 26) had 267 adult sea lions and no pups One mature bull fur seal was seen on a rock with 17 immature bull sea lions about 1 mile from the main hauling ground Previous surveys show 25 adults and six pups in 1956 and 250 adults and no pups in 1957

Danger Island south of Latouche Island has previously been used as a summer hauling ground Mathisen and Lopp (1963) reported 298 sea lions in July 1956 and no animals in June of 1957 None were seen on Danger Island during our June 1973 survey

Fountain Rocks about 45 miles south southeast of Cape Hinchinbrook is reported as a sea lion rookery or hauling ground (Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1973) The population is given as 300 This area was not covered during our survey

A total of 5134 sea lions were recorded during the survey of the Prince William Sound- Cape St Elias area Most of the animals were seen on the rookeries and summer hauling grounds previously discussed An additional 63 animals were recorded mostly along the outside coast of MOntague and Hinchinbrook I Only four sea lions were seen in inside waters The total number of animals seen is certainly andnimum population figure as some animals are undoubtedly missed when they are in the water A minimal total estimate is 6500-7500 sea lions

Only 246 pups were seen during this survey Pups are difficult to see and undoubtedly some were overlooked Even when this is considered pup producshytion is quite low in relation to the total number of animals seen All of the hauling areas appeared to have a very high proportion of immature animals Sandegrens (1970) data show a high proportion of nursing subadults in comparison to pups produced These data suggest that the sea lions in Prince William Sound - Kayak Island area are not a discrete population but that there may be considerable interchange with other areas possibly from the large rookeries of the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak area

Mathisen and Lopps (1963) population data from 1956 and 1957 are comparable with our figures in all areas except Seal Rocks which seems to have increased considerably and Lewis Island which apparently has decreased Tectonic changes in hauling and rookery areas resulting from the 1964 earthquake may be related to this apparent change in numbers Both areas uplifted considershyably Lewis Island about 16 feet and Seal Rocks about 8 feet (US Geological

-13shy

Survey 1969) The effects however were quite different at Lewis I there was an apparent loss of hauling and breeding areas (for description of changes see Sandegren 1970) while the uplift at Seal Rocks appears to have increased sea lion hauling habitat Cape St Elias may also have gained additional sea lion hauling grounds because of the earthquake That general area uplifted about 9 feet (US Geological Survey 1969) and apppears to have exposed an intertidal bench However no corresponding increase in sea lion numbers has been found

tJ 44 idults

0 Southeast Rock

27 Adults 0

bullG

Southenst i~ock

580 Adults + Pups

r-

~

1600 Inmiddot 26 June 1973

Se1 T icm s 1548 Adults (counted from photo~) many jllJlature animals ]g middotup (counted visually)

Seal~ Approximately 13100

c~we t Elias

I

QD cgt

766 Ad 200 Pups ~3+

0~ tb ~

CD

in water

Cgt

Seal Rocks 1245 26 June 1973

Sea Lions - 1533 Adults counted from photos 191 Pups estimated visually

gt~Rookeries All other areas contained many immature animals

Scale Approximately 12000

J

12 ~ 147

9( I ~

l1o6

~ c~ 148

149

149

tt1

60

17 120 10~

23 - -7--middot---middotshy

97 117

120 rl(y

113

108 122 106

103 rlty

80

f)

fll 8

II I33

148

62 M

80

72

97

101 middot 91 i 85

h~ 53~ 87 7

Qfl 07

~-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

Sea otter Cape Puget Port Bainbridge Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 181436 Total otters = 59

ry ~llmiddot IIJ(l 4t f -~

M21

i

I

middot IIogg Bay

I

~otter Bainbrid Helicopt I sw end 27 J survey

une 1973 Scale _ 1 Total ot 81436ters = 0

-9shy

SEA LION

Locations of major sea lion breeding rookeries and summer hauling grounds in the Prince William Sound- Kayak I area are well known (fig 2) Previous investigations by James Brooks (Alaska Fisheries Board and Alaska Department of Fisheries 1956) Mathisen and Lopp (1963) and Finn Sandegren (1970) provide background data on population status (Table 2)

An apparent large proportion of sea lion populations haul out on traditional rookeries and hauling grounds Highest numbers of animals are usually found during the summer (Mathisen and Lapp 1963) Breeding females and mature territorial bulls are strongly tied to rookeries Sandegren (1970) found considerable movement to and from a rookery Some territorial bulls went to sea occasionally while other remained on the rookery for over 60 days Females tend to make periodic trips to sea probably for feeding purposes but cows about to give birth who have just given birth or are estrous are reluctant to leave the rookery Peak numbers of animals are usually ashore about midday (Mathisen and Lopp 1963 and Saridegren 1970) Stormy weather high surf high tides disturbance and high solar radiation all appear to cause animals to return to the water Population estimates made on rookeries and hauling ground counts must be considered minimal as some animals will almost certainly be in the water at any given time The various factors which influence haul out behavior should be considered when planning a rookery count or when interpreting the results

The locations of rookeries and hauling grounds were known prior to our survey When these areas were approached in the helicopter the observers were prepared to photograph and estimate numbers of sea lions The initial pass was made at an altitude of about 500 feet and approximately 75 yards offshore Airspeed was reduced to allow for photographs to be taken and estimates of numbers The front seat observer estimated numbers while the backseat observer shyrecorder photographed the animals When the initial pass was completed most of the adults had entered the water and pups were counted The approach and method of coverage varied slightly from area to area as topography differed

The Cape St Elias rookery (map no 22) had been previously surveyed only once Mathisen and Lopp (1963) photographed the sea lions on 2 Oct 1957 and counted 1253 adults and 90 pups We photographed the rookery on this survey and found 1548 adults and 18 pups

Seal Rocks (map no 23) with 1533 adults and 200 pups was much higher than previous surveys In 1956 Mathisen and Lopp (1963) counted 162 adults and 21 pups The Bureau of Land Management took aerial photographs in 1966 which revealed a total of 846 sea lions Pups were restricted to two areas of the rookery The central gravel-rock portion produced most of the pups Nine pups were seen among 72 adults on a rocky point All other areas had many immature animals

Lewis Island sea lions (map no 24) have been studied more intensively than any others in Prince William Sound Population figures from 1956 to 1973 are summarized in table 2 It appears that numbers are now about half of 1956shy1957 levels Counts have dropped from 3000 in 1957 to 1269 in 1973

- - (usbull ch- ~~11Yl Jlf~~~lX a sst) ~

IJLoneJ )J[~If middot-r ettlI -

1 middot~ c -- - ~~akedi ~

MLWiu 725oWEzc 44r0 ~IIUthJ

(use ch 8SSIJsolfJVJJ a SeWJ

~ 0 I

62 IS

17 27

) 49 4 43 ~__middot--~-middotmiddotmiddot

84 _ 07 fcfoart 850)

-122~Figure 2 Locations of sea i lion rookeries and 126 summer hauling grounds 26 27 June 1973

-11shy

Table 2 Summary of sea lion rookery and summer hauling ground counts

Area Date Population Numbers

Cape St Elias 2 Oct 1957 - 1253 adults + 90 pups bull 1343 26 June 1973 - 1548 adults + 18 pups bull 1 2566

Seal Rocks 22 July 1956a - 162 adults + 21 pups bull 183 4 Sept 1966c total - 846

26 June 1973b - 1533 adults + 200 pups bull 1 2 733

Lewis Island 22 July 1956a - 466 adults + 213 pups bull 679 Summer 1956d - 2400 adults + 100 pups bull 22 500 3 June 1957a - total 32 000

27 May 1968 - 1500 adults + 49 pups 1 2549 26 June 1973 - 1243 adults + 26 pups 1 269

The Needle 22 June 1956a - 179 adults + 16 pups bull 195 3 June 1957 - 179 adults + 0 pups bull 179

26 June 1973 - 234 adults + 2 pups 236

Pt Elrington 22 June 1956a - 25 adults + 6 pups 31 3 June 1957 - 250 adults + 0 pups 250

21 June 1973 - 250 adults + 0 pups bull 250

a Mathisen and Lopp 1963 b Alaska Department of Fish amp Game survey c Bureau of Land Management aerial photo - pups not distinguishable d Alaska Fisheries Board and Alaska Department of Fisheries 1956 e Sandegren 1970 - using maximum count of adults and total number of pups

known born

-12shy

Sandegren (1970) describes extensive changes in the topography of Lewis I resulting from the 1964 earthquake Present distribution of animals is much different than pre-earthquake distribution Pupping and breeding areas are completely different The rookery area is now on the southern point of the island while the main hauling ground is near Harbor Point on the north side Changes in the rookery and hauling areas caused by the earthquake may be responsible for reduction in numbers

The Needle (map no 25) in 1956 had 179 adults and 16 pups In 1957 179 adults and no pups were found while in 1973 234 adults and two pups were counted No changes in population status were apparent

Point Elrington (map no 26) had 267 adult sea lions and no pups One mature bull fur seal was seen on a rock with 17 immature bull sea lions about 1 mile from the main hauling ground Previous surveys show 25 adults and six pups in 1956 and 250 adults and no pups in 1957

Danger Island south of Latouche Island has previously been used as a summer hauling ground Mathisen and Lopp (1963) reported 298 sea lions in July 1956 and no animals in June of 1957 None were seen on Danger Island during our June 1973 survey

Fountain Rocks about 45 miles south southeast of Cape Hinchinbrook is reported as a sea lion rookery or hauling ground (Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1973) The population is given as 300 This area was not covered during our survey

A total of 5134 sea lions were recorded during the survey of the Prince William Sound- Cape St Elias area Most of the animals were seen on the rookeries and summer hauling grounds previously discussed An additional 63 animals were recorded mostly along the outside coast of MOntague and Hinchinbrook I Only four sea lions were seen in inside waters The total number of animals seen is certainly andnimum population figure as some animals are undoubtedly missed when they are in the water A minimal total estimate is 6500-7500 sea lions

Only 246 pups were seen during this survey Pups are difficult to see and undoubtedly some were overlooked Even when this is considered pup producshytion is quite low in relation to the total number of animals seen All of the hauling areas appeared to have a very high proportion of immature animals Sandegrens (1970) data show a high proportion of nursing subadults in comparison to pups produced These data suggest that the sea lions in Prince William Sound - Kayak Island area are not a discrete population but that there may be considerable interchange with other areas possibly from the large rookeries of the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak area

Mathisen and Lopps (1963) population data from 1956 and 1957 are comparable with our figures in all areas except Seal Rocks which seems to have increased considerably and Lewis Island which apparently has decreased Tectonic changes in hauling and rookery areas resulting from the 1964 earthquake may be related to this apparent change in numbers Both areas uplifted considershyably Lewis Island about 16 feet and Seal Rocks about 8 feet (US Geological

-13shy

Survey 1969) The effects however were quite different at Lewis I there was an apparent loss of hauling and breeding areas (for description of changes see Sandegren 1970) while the uplift at Seal Rocks appears to have increased sea lion hauling habitat Cape St Elias may also have gained additional sea lion hauling grounds because of the earthquake That general area uplifted about 9 feet (US Geological Survey 1969) and apppears to have exposed an intertidal bench However no corresponding increase in sea lion numbers has been found

tJ 44 idults

0 Southeast Rock

27 Adults 0

bullG

Southenst i~ock

580 Adults + Pups

r-

~

1600 Inmiddot 26 June 1973

Se1 T icm s 1548 Adults (counted from photo~) many jllJlature animals ]g middotup (counted visually)

Seal~ Approximately 13100

c~we t Elias

I

QD cgt

766 Ad 200 Pups ~3+

0~ tb ~

CD

in water

Cgt

Seal Rocks 1245 26 June 1973

Sea Lions - 1533 Adults counted from photos 191 Pups estimated visually

gt~Rookeries All other areas contained many immature animals

Scale Approximately 12000

M21

i

I

middot IIogg Bay

I

~otter Bainbrid Helicopt I sw end 27 J survey

une 1973 Scale _ 1 Total ot 81436ters = 0

-9shy

SEA LION

Locations of major sea lion breeding rookeries and summer hauling grounds in the Prince William Sound- Kayak I area are well known (fig 2) Previous investigations by James Brooks (Alaska Fisheries Board and Alaska Department of Fisheries 1956) Mathisen and Lopp (1963) and Finn Sandegren (1970) provide background data on population status (Table 2)

An apparent large proportion of sea lion populations haul out on traditional rookeries and hauling grounds Highest numbers of animals are usually found during the summer (Mathisen and Lapp 1963) Breeding females and mature territorial bulls are strongly tied to rookeries Sandegren (1970) found considerable movement to and from a rookery Some territorial bulls went to sea occasionally while other remained on the rookery for over 60 days Females tend to make periodic trips to sea probably for feeding purposes but cows about to give birth who have just given birth or are estrous are reluctant to leave the rookery Peak numbers of animals are usually ashore about midday (Mathisen and Lopp 1963 and Saridegren 1970) Stormy weather high surf high tides disturbance and high solar radiation all appear to cause animals to return to the water Population estimates made on rookeries and hauling ground counts must be considered minimal as some animals will almost certainly be in the water at any given time The various factors which influence haul out behavior should be considered when planning a rookery count or when interpreting the results

The locations of rookeries and hauling grounds were known prior to our survey When these areas were approached in the helicopter the observers were prepared to photograph and estimate numbers of sea lions The initial pass was made at an altitude of about 500 feet and approximately 75 yards offshore Airspeed was reduced to allow for photographs to be taken and estimates of numbers The front seat observer estimated numbers while the backseat observer shyrecorder photographed the animals When the initial pass was completed most of the adults had entered the water and pups were counted The approach and method of coverage varied slightly from area to area as topography differed

The Cape St Elias rookery (map no 22) had been previously surveyed only once Mathisen and Lopp (1963) photographed the sea lions on 2 Oct 1957 and counted 1253 adults and 90 pups We photographed the rookery on this survey and found 1548 adults and 18 pups

Seal Rocks (map no 23) with 1533 adults and 200 pups was much higher than previous surveys In 1956 Mathisen and Lopp (1963) counted 162 adults and 21 pups The Bureau of Land Management took aerial photographs in 1966 which revealed a total of 846 sea lions Pups were restricted to two areas of the rookery The central gravel-rock portion produced most of the pups Nine pups were seen among 72 adults on a rocky point All other areas had many immature animals

Lewis Island sea lions (map no 24) have been studied more intensively than any others in Prince William Sound Population figures from 1956 to 1973 are summarized in table 2 It appears that numbers are now about half of 1956shy1957 levels Counts have dropped from 3000 in 1957 to 1269 in 1973

- - (usbull ch- ~~11Yl Jlf~~~lX a sst) ~

IJLoneJ )J[~If middot-r ettlI -

1 middot~ c -- - ~~akedi ~

MLWiu 725oWEzc 44r0 ~IIUthJ

(use ch 8SSIJsolfJVJJ a SeWJ

~ 0 I

62 IS

17 27

) 49 4 43 ~__middot--~-middotmiddotmiddot

84 _ 07 fcfoart 850)

-122~Figure 2 Locations of sea i lion rookeries and 126 summer hauling grounds 26 27 June 1973

-11shy

Table 2 Summary of sea lion rookery and summer hauling ground counts

Area Date Population Numbers

Cape St Elias 2 Oct 1957 - 1253 adults + 90 pups bull 1343 26 June 1973 - 1548 adults + 18 pups bull 1 2566

Seal Rocks 22 July 1956a - 162 adults + 21 pups bull 183 4 Sept 1966c total - 846

26 June 1973b - 1533 adults + 200 pups bull 1 2 733

Lewis Island 22 July 1956a - 466 adults + 213 pups bull 679 Summer 1956d - 2400 adults + 100 pups bull 22 500 3 June 1957a - total 32 000

27 May 1968 - 1500 adults + 49 pups 1 2549 26 June 1973 - 1243 adults + 26 pups 1 269

The Needle 22 June 1956a - 179 adults + 16 pups bull 195 3 June 1957 - 179 adults + 0 pups bull 179

26 June 1973 - 234 adults + 2 pups 236

Pt Elrington 22 June 1956a - 25 adults + 6 pups 31 3 June 1957 - 250 adults + 0 pups 250

21 June 1973 - 250 adults + 0 pups bull 250

a Mathisen and Lopp 1963 b Alaska Department of Fish amp Game survey c Bureau of Land Management aerial photo - pups not distinguishable d Alaska Fisheries Board and Alaska Department of Fisheries 1956 e Sandegren 1970 - using maximum count of adults and total number of pups

known born

-12shy

Sandegren (1970) describes extensive changes in the topography of Lewis I resulting from the 1964 earthquake Present distribution of animals is much different than pre-earthquake distribution Pupping and breeding areas are completely different The rookery area is now on the southern point of the island while the main hauling ground is near Harbor Point on the north side Changes in the rookery and hauling areas caused by the earthquake may be responsible for reduction in numbers

The Needle (map no 25) in 1956 had 179 adults and 16 pups In 1957 179 adults and no pups were found while in 1973 234 adults and two pups were counted No changes in population status were apparent

Point Elrington (map no 26) had 267 adult sea lions and no pups One mature bull fur seal was seen on a rock with 17 immature bull sea lions about 1 mile from the main hauling ground Previous surveys show 25 adults and six pups in 1956 and 250 adults and no pups in 1957

Danger Island south of Latouche Island has previously been used as a summer hauling ground Mathisen and Lopp (1963) reported 298 sea lions in July 1956 and no animals in June of 1957 None were seen on Danger Island during our June 1973 survey

Fountain Rocks about 45 miles south southeast of Cape Hinchinbrook is reported as a sea lion rookery or hauling ground (Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1973) The population is given as 300 This area was not covered during our survey

A total of 5134 sea lions were recorded during the survey of the Prince William Sound- Cape St Elias area Most of the animals were seen on the rookeries and summer hauling grounds previously discussed An additional 63 animals were recorded mostly along the outside coast of MOntague and Hinchinbrook I Only four sea lions were seen in inside waters The total number of animals seen is certainly andnimum population figure as some animals are undoubtedly missed when they are in the water A minimal total estimate is 6500-7500 sea lions

Only 246 pups were seen during this survey Pups are difficult to see and undoubtedly some were overlooked Even when this is considered pup producshytion is quite low in relation to the total number of animals seen All of the hauling areas appeared to have a very high proportion of immature animals Sandegrens (1970) data show a high proportion of nursing subadults in comparison to pups produced These data suggest that the sea lions in Prince William Sound - Kayak Island area are not a discrete population but that there may be considerable interchange with other areas possibly from the large rookeries of the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak area

Mathisen and Lopps (1963) population data from 1956 and 1957 are comparable with our figures in all areas except Seal Rocks which seems to have increased considerably and Lewis Island which apparently has decreased Tectonic changes in hauling and rookery areas resulting from the 1964 earthquake may be related to this apparent change in numbers Both areas uplifted considershyably Lewis Island about 16 feet and Seal Rocks about 8 feet (US Geological

-13shy

Survey 1969) The effects however were quite different at Lewis I there was an apparent loss of hauling and breeding areas (for description of changes see Sandegren 1970) while the uplift at Seal Rocks appears to have increased sea lion hauling habitat Cape St Elias may also have gained additional sea lion hauling grounds because of the earthquake That general area uplifted about 9 feet (US Geological Survey 1969) and apppears to have exposed an intertidal bench However no corresponding increase in sea lion numbers has been found

tJ 44 idults

0 Southeast Rock

27 Adults 0

bullG

Southenst i~ock

580 Adults + Pups

r-

~

1600 Inmiddot 26 June 1973

Se1 T icm s 1548 Adults (counted from photo~) many jllJlature animals ]g middotup (counted visually)

Seal~ Approximately 13100

c~we t Elias

I

QD cgt

766 Ad 200 Pups ~3+

0~ tb ~

CD

in water

Cgt

Seal Rocks 1245 26 June 1973

Sea Lions - 1533 Adults counted from photos 191 Pups estimated visually

gt~Rookeries All other areas contained many immature animals

Scale Approximately 12000

-9shy

SEA LION

Locations of major sea lion breeding rookeries and summer hauling grounds in the Prince William Sound- Kayak I area are well known (fig 2) Previous investigations by James Brooks (Alaska Fisheries Board and Alaska Department of Fisheries 1956) Mathisen and Lopp (1963) and Finn Sandegren (1970) provide background data on population status (Table 2)

An apparent large proportion of sea lion populations haul out on traditional rookeries and hauling grounds Highest numbers of animals are usually found during the summer (Mathisen and Lapp 1963) Breeding females and mature territorial bulls are strongly tied to rookeries Sandegren (1970) found considerable movement to and from a rookery Some territorial bulls went to sea occasionally while other remained on the rookery for over 60 days Females tend to make periodic trips to sea probably for feeding purposes but cows about to give birth who have just given birth or are estrous are reluctant to leave the rookery Peak numbers of animals are usually ashore about midday (Mathisen and Lopp 1963 and Saridegren 1970) Stormy weather high surf high tides disturbance and high solar radiation all appear to cause animals to return to the water Population estimates made on rookeries and hauling ground counts must be considered minimal as some animals will almost certainly be in the water at any given time The various factors which influence haul out behavior should be considered when planning a rookery count or when interpreting the results

The locations of rookeries and hauling grounds were known prior to our survey When these areas were approached in the helicopter the observers were prepared to photograph and estimate numbers of sea lions The initial pass was made at an altitude of about 500 feet and approximately 75 yards offshore Airspeed was reduced to allow for photographs to be taken and estimates of numbers The front seat observer estimated numbers while the backseat observer shyrecorder photographed the animals When the initial pass was completed most of the adults had entered the water and pups were counted The approach and method of coverage varied slightly from area to area as topography differed

The Cape St Elias rookery (map no 22) had been previously surveyed only once Mathisen and Lopp (1963) photographed the sea lions on 2 Oct 1957 and counted 1253 adults and 90 pups We photographed the rookery on this survey and found 1548 adults and 18 pups

Seal Rocks (map no 23) with 1533 adults and 200 pups was much higher than previous surveys In 1956 Mathisen and Lopp (1963) counted 162 adults and 21 pups The Bureau of Land Management took aerial photographs in 1966 which revealed a total of 846 sea lions Pups were restricted to two areas of the rookery The central gravel-rock portion produced most of the pups Nine pups were seen among 72 adults on a rocky point All other areas had many immature animals

Lewis Island sea lions (map no 24) have been studied more intensively than any others in Prince William Sound Population figures from 1956 to 1973 are summarized in table 2 It appears that numbers are now about half of 1956shy1957 levels Counts have dropped from 3000 in 1957 to 1269 in 1973

- - (usbull ch- ~~11Yl Jlf~~~lX a sst) ~

IJLoneJ )J[~If middot-r ettlI -

1 middot~ c -- - ~~akedi ~

MLWiu 725oWEzc 44r0 ~IIUthJ

(use ch 8SSIJsolfJVJJ a SeWJ

~ 0 I

62 IS

17 27

) 49 4 43 ~__middot--~-middotmiddotmiddot

84 _ 07 fcfoart 850)

-122~Figure 2 Locations of sea i lion rookeries and 126 summer hauling grounds 26 27 June 1973

-11shy

Table 2 Summary of sea lion rookery and summer hauling ground counts

Area Date Population Numbers

Cape St Elias 2 Oct 1957 - 1253 adults + 90 pups bull 1343 26 June 1973 - 1548 adults + 18 pups bull 1 2566

Seal Rocks 22 July 1956a - 162 adults + 21 pups bull 183 4 Sept 1966c total - 846

26 June 1973b - 1533 adults + 200 pups bull 1 2 733

Lewis Island 22 July 1956a - 466 adults + 213 pups bull 679 Summer 1956d - 2400 adults + 100 pups bull 22 500 3 June 1957a - total 32 000

27 May 1968 - 1500 adults + 49 pups 1 2549 26 June 1973 - 1243 adults + 26 pups 1 269

The Needle 22 June 1956a - 179 adults + 16 pups bull 195 3 June 1957 - 179 adults + 0 pups bull 179

26 June 1973 - 234 adults + 2 pups 236

Pt Elrington 22 June 1956a - 25 adults + 6 pups 31 3 June 1957 - 250 adults + 0 pups 250

21 June 1973 - 250 adults + 0 pups bull 250

a Mathisen and Lopp 1963 b Alaska Department of Fish amp Game survey c Bureau of Land Management aerial photo - pups not distinguishable d Alaska Fisheries Board and Alaska Department of Fisheries 1956 e Sandegren 1970 - using maximum count of adults and total number of pups

known born

-12shy

Sandegren (1970) describes extensive changes in the topography of Lewis I resulting from the 1964 earthquake Present distribution of animals is much different than pre-earthquake distribution Pupping and breeding areas are completely different The rookery area is now on the southern point of the island while the main hauling ground is near Harbor Point on the north side Changes in the rookery and hauling areas caused by the earthquake may be responsible for reduction in numbers

The Needle (map no 25) in 1956 had 179 adults and 16 pups In 1957 179 adults and no pups were found while in 1973 234 adults and two pups were counted No changes in population status were apparent

Point Elrington (map no 26) had 267 adult sea lions and no pups One mature bull fur seal was seen on a rock with 17 immature bull sea lions about 1 mile from the main hauling ground Previous surveys show 25 adults and six pups in 1956 and 250 adults and no pups in 1957

Danger Island south of Latouche Island has previously been used as a summer hauling ground Mathisen and Lopp (1963) reported 298 sea lions in July 1956 and no animals in June of 1957 None were seen on Danger Island during our June 1973 survey

Fountain Rocks about 45 miles south southeast of Cape Hinchinbrook is reported as a sea lion rookery or hauling ground (Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1973) The population is given as 300 This area was not covered during our survey

A total of 5134 sea lions were recorded during the survey of the Prince William Sound- Cape St Elias area Most of the animals were seen on the rookeries and summer hauling grounds previously discussed An additional 63 animals were recorded mostly along the outside coast of MOntague and Hinchinbrook I Only four sea lions were seen in inside waters The total number of animals seen is certainly andnimum population figure as some animals are undoubtedly missed when they are in the water A minimal total estimate is 6500-7500 sea lions

Only 246 pups were seen during this survey Pups are difficult to see and undoubtedly some were overlooked Even when this is considered pup producshytion is quite low in relation to the total number of animals seen All of the hauling areas appeared to have a very high proportion of immature animals Sandegrens (1970) data show a high proportion of nursing subadults in comparison to pups produced These data suggest that the sea lions in Prince William Sound - Kayak Island area are not a discrete population but that there may be considerable interchange with other areas possibly from the large rookeries of the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak area

Mathisen and Lopps (1963) population data from 1956 and 1957 are comparable with our figures in all areas except Seal Rocks which seems to have increased considerably and Lewis Island which apparently has decreased Tectonic changes in hauling and rookery areas resulting from the 1964 earthquake may be related to this apparent change in numbers Both areas uplifted considershyably Lewis Island about 16 feet and Seal Rocks about 8 feet (US Geological

-13shy

Survey 1969) The effects however were quite different at Lewis I there was an apparent loss of hauling and breeding areas (for description of changes see Sandegren 1970) while the uplift at Seal Rocks appears to have increased sea lion hauling habitat Cape St Elias may also have gained additional sea lion hauling grounds because of the earthquake That general area uplifted about 9 feet (US Geological Survey 1969) and apppears to have exposed an intertidal bench However no corresponding increase in sea lion numbers has been found

tJ 44 idults

0 Southeast Rock

27 Adults 0

bullG

Southenst i~ock

580 Adults + Pups

r-

~

1600 Inmiddot 26 June 1973

Se1 T icm s 1548 Adults (counted from photo~) many jllJlature animals ]g middotup (counted visually)

Seal~ Approximately 13100

c~we t Elias

I

QD cgt

766 Ad 200 Pups ~3+

0~ tb ~

CD

in water

Cgt

Seal Rocks 1245 26 June 1973

Sea Lions - 1533 Adults counted from photos 191 Pups estimated visually

gt~Rookeries All other areas contained many immature animals

Scale Approximately 12000

- - (usbull ch- ~~11Yl Jlf~~~lX a sst) ~

IJLoneJ )J[~If middot-r ettlI -

1 middot~ c -- - ~~akedi ~

MLWiu 725oWEzc 44r0 ~IIUthJ

(use ch 8SSIJsolfJVJJ a SeWJ

~ 0 I

62 IS

17 27

) 49 4 43 ~__middot--~-middotmiddotmiddot

84 _ 07 fcfoart 850)

-122~Figure 2 Locations of sea i lion rookeries and 126 summer hauling grounds 26 27 June 1973

-11shy

Table 2 Summary of sea lion rookery and summer hauling ground counts

Area Date Population Numbers

Cape St Elias 2 Oct 1957 - 1253 adults + 90 pups bull 1343 26 June 1973 - 1548 adults + 18 pups bull 1 2566

Seal Rocks 22 July 1956a - 162 adults + 21 pups bull 183 4 Sept 1966c total - 846

26 June 1973b - 1533 adults + 200 pups bull 1 2 733

Lewis Island 22 July 1956a - 466 adults + 213 pups bull 679 Summer 1956d - 2400 adults + 100 pups bull 22 500 3 June 1957a - total 32 000

27 May 1968 - 1500 adults + 49 pups 1 2549 26 June 1973 - 1243 adults + 26 pups 1 269

The Needle 22 June 1956a - 179 adults + 16 pups bull 195 3 June 1957 - 179 adults + 0 pups bull 179

26 June 1973 - 234 adults + 2 pups 236

Pt Elrington 22 June 1956a - 25 adults + 6 pups 31 3 June 1957 - 250 adults + 0 pups 250

21 June 1973 - 250 adults + 0 pups bull 250

a Mathisen and Lopp 1963 b Alaska Department of Fish amp Game survey c Bureau of Land Management aerial photo - pups not distinguishable d Alaska Fisheries Board and Alaska Department of Fisheries 1956 e Sandegren 1970 - using maximum count of adults and total number of pups

known born

-12shy

Sandegren (1970) describes extensive changes in the topography of Lewis I resulting from the 1964 earthquake Present distribution of animals is much different than pre-earthquake distribution Pupping and breeding areas are completely different The rookery area is now on the southern point of the island while the main hauling ground is near Harbor Point on the north side Changes in the rookery and hauling areas caused by the earthquake may be responsible for reduction in numbers

The Needle (map no 25) in 1956 had 179 adults and 16 pups In 1957 179 adults and no pups were found while in 1973 234 adults and two pups were counted No changes in population status were apparent

Point Elrington (map no 26) had 267 adult sea lions and no pups One mature bull fur seal was seen on a rock with 17 immature bull sea lions about 1 mile from the main hauling ground Previous surveys show 25 adults and six pups in 1956 and 250 adults and no pups in 1957

Danger Island south of Latouche Island has previously been used as a summer hauling ground Mathisen and Lopp (1963) reported 298 sea lions in July 1956 and no animals in June of 1957 None were seen on Danger Island during our June 1973 survey

Fountain Rocks about 45 miles south southeast of Cape Hinchinbrook is reported as a sea lion rookery or hauling ground (Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1973) The population is given as 300 This area was not covered during our survey

A total of 5134 sea lions were recorded during the survey of the Prince William Sound- Cape St Elias area Most of the animals were seen on the rookeries and summer hauling grounds previously discussed An additional 63 animals were recorded mostly along the outside coast of MOntague and Hinchinbrook I Only four sea lions were seen in inside waters The total number of animals seen is certainly andnimum population figure as some animals are undoubtedly missed when they are in the water A minimal total estimate is 6500-7500 sea lions

Only 246 pups were seen during this survey Pups are difficult to see and undoubtedly some were overlooked Even when this is considered pup producshytion is quite low in relation to the total number of animals seen All of the hauling areas appeared to have a very high proportion of immature animals Sandegrens (1970) data show a high proportion of nursing subadults in comparison to pups produced These data suggest that the sea lions in Prince William Sound - Kayak Island area are not a discrete population but that there may be considerable interchange with other areas possibly from the large rookeries of the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak area

Mathisen and Lopps (1963) population data from 1956 and 1957 are comparable with our figures in all areas except Seal Rocks which seems to have increased considerably and Lewis Island which apparently has decreased Tectonic changes in hauling and rookery areas resulting from the 1964 earthquake may be related to this apparent change in numbers Both areas uplifted considershyably Lewis Island about 16 feet and Seal Rocks about 8 feet (US Geological

-13shy

Survey 1969) The effects however were quite different at Lewis I there was an apparent loss of hauling and breeding areas (for description of changes see Sandegren 1970) while the uplift at Seal Rocks appears to have increased sea lion hauling habitat Cape St Elias may also have gained additional sea lion hauling grounds because of the earthquake That general area uplifted about 9 feet (US Geological Survey 1969) and apppears to have exposed an intertidal bench However no corresponding increase in sea lion numbers has been found

tJ 44 idults

0 Southeast Rock

27 Adults 0

bullG

Southenst i~ock

580 Adults + Pups

r-

~

1600 Inmiddot 26 June 1973

Se1 T icm s 1548 Adults (counted from photo~) many jllJlature animals ]g middotup (counted visually)

Seal~ Approximately 13100

c~we t Elias

I

QD cgt

766 Ad 200 Pups ~3+

0~ tb ~

CD

in water

Cgt

Seal Rocks 1245 26 June 1973

Sea Lions - 1533 Adults counted from photos 191 Pups estimated visually

gt~Rookeries All other areas contained many immature animals

Scale Approximately 12000

-11shy

Table 2 Summary of sea lion rookery and summer hauling ground counts

Area Date Population Numbers

Cape St Elias 2 Oct 1957 - 1253 adults + 90 pups bull 1343 26 June 1973 - 1548 adults + 18 pups bull 1 2566

Seal Rocks 22 July 1956a - 162 adults + 21 pups bull 183 4 Sept 1966c total - 846

26 June 1973b - 1533 adults + 200 pups bull 1 2 733

Lewis Island 22 July 1956a - 466 adults + 213 pups bull 679 Summer 1956d - 2400 adults + 100 pups bull 22 500 3 June 1957a - total 32 000

27 May 1968 - 1500 adults + 49 pups 1 2549 26 June 1973 - 1243 adults + 26 pups 1 269

The Needle 22 June 1956a - 179 adults + 16 pups bull 195 3 June 1957 - 179 adults + 0 pups bull 179

26 June 1973 - 234 adults + 2 pups 236

Pt Elrington 22 June 1956a - 25 adults + 6 pups 31 3 June 1957 - 250 adults + 0 pups 250

21 June 1973 - 250 adults + 0 pups bull 250

a Mathisen and Lopp 1963 b Alaska Department of Fish amp Game survey c Bureau of Land Management aerial photo - pups not distinguishable d Alaska Fisheries Board and Alaska Department of Fisheries 1956 e Sandegren 1970 - using maximum count of adults and total number of pups

known born

-12shy

Sandegren (1970) describes extensive changes in the topography of Lewis I resulting from the 1964 earthquake Present distribution of animals is much different than pre-earthquake distribution Pupping and breeding areas are completely different The rookery area is now on the southern point of the island while the main hauling ground is near Harbor Point on the north side Changes in the rookery and hauling areas caused by the earthquake may be responsible for reduction in numbers

The Needle (map no 25) in 1956 had 179 adults and 16 pups In 1957 179 adults and no pups were found while in 1973 234 adults and two pups were counted No changes in population status were apparent

Point Elrington (map no 26) had 267 adult sea lions and no pups One mature bull fur seal was seen on a rock with 17 immature bull sea lions about 1 mile from the main hauling ground Previous surveys show 25 adults and six pups in 1956 and 250 adults and no pups in 1957

Danger Island south of Latouche Island has previously been used as a summer hauling ground Mathisen and Lopp (1963) reported 298 sea lions in July 1956 and no animals in June of 1957 None were seen on Danger Island during our June 1973 survey

Fountain Rocks about 45 miles south southeast of Cape Hinchinbrook is reported as a sea lion rookery or hauling ground (Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1973) The population is given as 300 This area was not covered during our survey

A total of 5134 sea lions were recorded during the survey of the Prince William Sound- Cape St Elias area Most of the animals were seen on the rookeries and summer hauling grounds previously discussed An additional 63 animals were recorded mostly along the outside coast of MOntague and Hinchinbrook I Only four sea lions were seen in inside waters The total number of animals seen is certainly andnimum population figure as some animals are undoubtedly missed when they are in the water A minimal total estimate is 6500-7500 sea lions

Only 246 pups were seen during this survey Pups are difficult to see and undoubtedly some were overlooked Even when this is considered pup producshytion is quite low in relation to the total number of animals seen All of the hauling areas appeared to have a very high proportion of immature animals Sandegrens (1970) data show a high proportion of nursing subadults in comparison to pups produced These data suggest that the sea lions in Prince William Sound - Kayak Island area are not a discrete population but that there may be considerable interchange with other areas possibly from the large rookeries of the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak area

Mathisen and Lopps (1963) population data from 1956 and 1957 are comparable with our figures in all areas except Seal Rocks which seems to have increased considerably and Lewis Island which apparently has decreased Tectonic changes in hauling and rookery areas resulting from the 1964 earthquake may be related to this apparent change in numbers Both areas uplifted considershyably Lewis Island about 16 feet and Seal Rocks about 8 feet (US Geological

-13shy

Survey 1969) The effects however were quite different at Lewis I there was an apparent loss of hauling and breeding areas (for description of changes see Sandegren 1970) while the uplift at Seal Rocks appears to have increased sea lion hauling habitat Cape St Elias may also have gained additional sea lion hauling grounds because of the earthquake That general area uplifted about 9 feet (US Geological Survey 1969) and apppears to have exposed an intertidal bench However no corresponding increase in sea lion numbers has been found

tJ 44 idults

0 Southeast Rock

27 Adults 0

bullG

Southenst i~ock

580 Adults + Pups

r-

~

1600 Inmiddot 26 June 1973

Se1 T icm s 1548 Adults (counted from photo~) many jllJlature animals ]g middotup (counted visually)

Seal~ Approximately 13100

c~we t Elias

I

QD cgt

766 Ad 200 Pups ~3+

0~ tb ~

CD

in water

Cgt

Seal Rocks 1245 26 June 1973

Sea Lions - 1533 Adults counted from photos 191 Pups estimated visually

gt~Rookeries All other areas contained many immature animals

Scale Approximately 12000

-12shy

Sandegren (1970) describes extensive changes in the topography of Lewis I resulting from the 1964 earthquake Present distribution of animals is much different than pre-earthquake distribution Pupping and breeding areas are completely different The rookery area is now on the southern point of the island while the main hauling ground is near Harbor Point on the north side Changes in the rookery and hauling areas caused by the earthquake may be responsible for reduction in numbers

The Needle (map no 25) in 1956 had 179 adults and 16 pups In 1957 179 adults and no pups were found while in 1973 234 adults and two pups were counted No changes in population status were apparent

Point Elrington (map no 26) had 267 adult sea lions and no pups One mature bull fur seal was seen on a rock with 17 immature bull sea lions about 1 mile from the main hauling ground Previous surveys show 25 adults and six pups in 1956 and 250 adults and no pups in 1957

Danger Island south of Latouche Island has previously been used as a summer hauling ground Mathisen and Lopp (1963) reported 298 sea lions in July 1956 and no animals in June of 1957 None were seen on Danger Island during our June 1973 survey

Fountain Rocks about 45 miles south southeast of Cape Hinchinbrook is reported as a sea lion rookery or hauling ground (Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1973) The population is given as 300 This area was not covered during our survey

A total of 5134 sea lions were recorded during the survey of the Prince William Sound- Cape St Elias area Most of the animals were seen on the rookeries and summer hauling grounds previously discussed An additional 63 animals were recorded mostly along the outside coast of MOntague and Hinchinbrook I Only four sea lions were seen in inside waters The total number of animals seen is certainly andnimum population figure as some animals are undoubtedly missed when they are in the water A minimal total estimate is 6500-7500 sea lions

Only 246 pups were seen during this survey Pups are difficult to see and undoubtedly some were overlooked Even when this is considered pup producshytion is quite low in relation to the total number of animals seen All of the hauling areas appeared to have a very high proportion of immature animals Sandegrens (1970) data show a high proportion of nursing subadults in comparison to pups produced These data suggest that the sea lions in Prince William Sound - Kayak Island area are not a discrete population but that there may be considerable interchange with other areas possibly from the large rookeries of the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak area

Mathisen and Lopps (1963) population data from 1956 and 1957 are comparable with our figures in all areas except Seal Rocks which seems to have increased considerably and Lewis Island which apparently has decreased Tectonic changes in hauling and rookery areas resulting from the 1964 earthquake may be related to this apparent change in numbers Both areas uplifted considershyably Lewis Island about 16 feet and Seal Rocks about 8 feet (US Geological

-13shy

Survey 1969) The effects however were quite different at Lewis I there was an apparent loss of hauling and breeding areas (for description of changes see Sandegren 1970) while the uplift at Seal Rocks appears to have increased sea lion hauling habitat Cape St Elias may also have gained additional sea lion hauling grounds because of the earthquake That general area uplifted about 9 feet (US Geological Survey 1969) and apppears to have exposed an intertidal bench However no corresponding increase in sea lion numbers has been found

tJ 44 idults

0 Southeast Rock

27 Adults 0

bullG

Southenst i~ock

580 Adults + Pups

r-

~

1600 Inmiddot 26 June 1973

Se1 T icm s 1548 Adults (counted from photo~) many jllJlature animals ]g middotup (counted visually)

Seal~ Approximately 13100

c~we t Elias

I

QD cgt

766 Ad 200 Pups ~3+

0~ tb ~

CD

in water

Cgt

Seal Rocks 1245 26 June 1973

Sea Lions - 1533 Adults counted from photos 191 Pups estimated visually

gt~Rookeries All other areas contained many immature animals

Scale Approximately 12000

-13shy

Survey 1969) The effects however were quite different at Lewis I there was an apparent loss of hauling and breeding areas (for description of changes see Sandegren 1970) while the uplift at Seal Rocks appears to have increased sea lion hauling habitat Cape St Elias may also have gained additional sea lion hauling grounds because of the earthquake That general area uplifted about 9 feet (US Geological Survey 1969) and apppears to have exposed an intertidal bench However no corresponding increase in sea lion numbers has been found

tJ 44 idults

0 Southeast Rock

27 Adults 0

bullG

Southenst i~ock

580 Adults + Pups

r-

~

1600 Inmiddot 26 June 1973

Se1 T icm s 1548 Adults (counted from photo~) many jllJlature animals ]g middotup (counted visually)

Seal~ Approximately 13100

c~we t Elias

I

QD cgt

766 Ad 200 Pups ~3+

0~ tb ~

CD

in water

Cgt

Seal Rocks 1245 26 June 1973

Sea Lions - 1533 Adults counted from photos 191 Pups estimated visually

gt~Rookeries All other areas contained many immature animals

Scale Approximately 12000

tJ 44 idults

0 Southeast Rock

27 Adults 0

bullG

Southenst i~ock

580 Adults + Pups

r-

~

1600 Inmiddot 26 June 1973

Se1 T icm s 1548 Adults (counted from photo~) many jllJlature animals ]g middotup (counted visually)

Seal~ Approximately 13100

c~we t Elias

I

QD cgt

766 Ad 200 Pups ~3+

0~ tb ~

CD

in water

Cgt

Seal Rocks 1245 26 June 1973

Sea Lions - 1533 Adults counted from photos 191 Pups estimated visually

gt~Rookeries All other areas contained many immature animals

Scale Approximately 12000

QD cgt

766 Ad 200 Pups ~3+

0~ tb ~

CD

in water

Cgt

Seal Rocks 1245 26 June 1973

Sea Lions - 1533 Adults counted from photos 191 Pups estimated visually

gt~Rookeries All other areas contained many immature animals

Scale Approximately 12000

i N

Pups

Nonbreeding 686 Adults (many immature)

19 mature bulls

N shy

Lewis Island 1145 26 June 1973

Sea Lions 1243 Adults (counted from photos) 26 Pups (counted visually)

Scnle Approximately 13300

0 XLg llull Kittiwake Colony

7 5+ Adults cgt2 Puwmiddot oo 4 Adults

~ 4 Sea otters in pod

1 Nl ~

The Needle 1000 26 June 1973

Harbor Seals - 2 Sea Otters -42 Sea Lions - 234+ Adults counted from pl1otos (mostly nonbreedlng 1 large territorial bull)

2 Pups

~cale Approximately- 13200

Hh

immature Few adult

Elrington Island

17 Immature Bull Sea Lions

M1 turc nuLl Fur Seill

f N

Point Elrinrtun 1215 hrs 27 Junp 1973

Sea Lions - 267 Adults (vi1ual Ly estimlted) bullur Seal l Adult Bull

Scale Approximately- 181436

-14shy

HARBOR SEAL

Detailed information on abundance and distribution of harbor seals in Prince William Sound is lacking Alaskas Wildlife and Habitat (Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1973) shows in a general way distribution and areas of concentration Slightly more is known about the Copper River area because of an intensive control program from 1951 to 1958 during which 30250 seals were reportedly killed (Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1958) Herds of over 1000 seals were reported as common on sand bars at the mouth of the river

Survey techniques for harbor seals are not adequate for estimating populashytion size and may even be marginal for determining distribution Seals in the water are difficult to see When under water they can be seen only under the most favorable conditions ie clear shallow calm water with good lighting Even on the surface seals are difficult to see and many are missed Seals are most easily seen and accurately counted when hauled out Various environmental factors apparently affect haul out behavior with tide probably being most important In tidal areas many more seals are usually seen hauled out on lower stages of the tide It has been our experience that in some tidal haul out areas four to five times more seals can be counted at low tide than at high tide In glacier fed bays where seals haul on floating ice pans the greatest numbers of animals are usually seen on higher stages of the tide when the floating ice is concentrated near the glaciers Bishop (1967) felt more seals in total hauled out when the ice was concentrated at high tide than when the ice scattered on outgoing tides Unfortunately even when large numbers of seals are hauled out and can be counted the relationship to total population size is unknown

Ideally a seal survey would only be conducted under optimum conditions when surface conditions were calm lighting was good and stage of tide suitable for the type of haul out area During this survey financial and time limitations prevented restricting the survey to times of optimum conditions Weather was considered to some degree but no regard was made to stage of tide and the results should be considered in this light Populashytion numbers are undoubtedly far in excess of the 5640 recorded (map nos 27- 79) Some haul out and concentration areas may have been missed because of timing and conditions of the survey

The largest concentration of seals was found on the Copper River Delta where 1349 were counted hauled out on sand bars Other areas found where seals used sand bars as hauling areas were Controller Bay and the Bering River The Copper River Miles Lake and Bering River were the only areas where seals were found in fresh water

The following areas where seals haul out on glacial ice pans were identified during the survey Columbia Bay Unakwik Inlet College Fiord Harriman Fiord Blackstone Bay Derickson Bay and Nassau Fiord

Offshore rocks and islets are used as haul out grounds throughout the area Concentrations of harbor seals were found at the Port Chalmers - Stockdale Harbor area Seal I Applegate Rocks Channel I Little Green I OlsenshyFairmount I Naked I Knight I Danger I Evans I and Port Bainbridge

) middot ~

~

62 II

Harbor seal distribution map reference numbers

middot middots

lt0

49 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotshy

7) bull 14

I ln I

84 middot 107 middot middot 7 fus~ C~middott CIJ middot (c- 1 8513) 9

8 41 ~ bullbull~ ~bullbull---12 lliulantJ ~

133 21shy~LJmiddot kr 7J h~bulllU gt J bullbull I

126 krf~middotN~ltbullbull~ltmiddotmiddot bull - io7 middotmiddotmiddot 21 middot i~middotmiddotmiddot bullbull 7 bull

- tO -~ 22-shyJ middot J-bull IS 22 28 _ bull JJ 8

~7

----_______ ---------------------shy

------shy

--middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotshy --shy

I ____________________ -shy

I ~0

_

lteuro I

N A

I

18 39

Harbor seal

36 1

-~ 111 Ul Kayak I Controller Bayeta$ bull Helicopter and fixed-wing

oSout~east Rock surveyl + 26 June 26 July 1973 Scale - 1250000

I I TOtal seals = 326

Hauled out on land

Harbor seal Copper River Delta Fixed-wing survey 25 26 July 1973 Scale - 1250000 Total seals = 1349 Hauled out on land

21

0 XLg llull Kittiwake Colony

7 5+ Adults cgt2 Puwmiddot oo 4 Adults

~ 4 Sea otters in pod

1 Nl ~

The Needle 1000 26 June 1973

Harbor Seals - 2 Sea Otters -42 Sea Lions - 234+ Adults counted from pl1otos (mostly nonbreedlng 1 large territorial bull)

2 Pups

~cale Approximately- 13200

Hh

immature Few adult

Elrington Island

17 Immature Bull Sea Lions

M1 turc nuLl Fur Seill

f N

Point Elrinrtun 1215 hrs 27 Junp 1973

Sea Lions - 267 Adults (vi1ual Ly estimlted) bullur Seal l Adult Bull

Scale Approximately- 181436

-14shy

HARBOR SEAL

Detailed information on abundance and distribution of harbor seals in Prince William Sound is lacking Alaskas Wildlife and Habitat (Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1973) shows in a general way distribution and areas of concentration Slightly more is known about the Copper River area because of an intensive control program from 1951 to 1958 during which 30250 seals were reportedly killed (Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1958) Herds of over 1000 seals were reported as common on sand bars at the mouth of the river

Survey techniques for harbor seals are not adequate for estimating populashytion size and may even be marginal for determining distribution Seals in the water are difficult to see When under water they can be seen only under the most favorable conditions ie clear shallow calm water with good lighting Even on the surface seals are difficult to see and many are missed Seals are most easily seen and accurately counted when hauled out Various environmental factors apparently affect haul out behavior with tide probably being most important In tidal areas many more seals are usually seen hauled out on lower stages of the tide It has been our experience that in some tidal haul out areas four to five times more seals can be counted at low tide than at high tide In glacier fed bays where seals haul on floating ice pans the greatest numbers of animals are usually seen on higher stages of the tide when the floating ice is concentrated near the glaciers Bishop (1967) felt more seals in total hauled out when the ice was concentrated at high tide than when the ice scattered on outgoing tides Unfortunately even when large numbers of seals are hauled out and can be counted the relationship to total population size is unknown

Ideally a seal survey would only be conducted under optimum conditions when surface conditions were calm lighting was good and stage of tide suitable for the type of haul out area During this survey financial and time limitations prevented restricting the survey to times of optimum conditions Weather was considered to some degree but no regard was made to stage of tide and the results should be considered in this light Populashytion numbers are undoubtedly far in excess of the 5640 recorded (map nos 27- 79) Some haul out and concentration areas may have been missed because of timing and conditions of the survey

The largest concentration of seals was found on the Copper River Delta where 1349 were counted hauled out on sand bars Other areas found where seals used sand bars as hauling areas were Controller Bay and the Bering River The Copper River Miles Lake and Bering River were the only areas where seals were found in fresh water

The following areas where seals haul out on glacial ice pans were identified during the survey Columbia Bay Unakwik Inlet College Fiord Harriman Fiord Blackstone Bay Derickson Bay and Nassau Fiord

Offshore rocks and islets are used as haul out grounds throughout the area Concentrations of harbor seals were found at the Port Chalmers - Stockdale Harbor area Seal I Applegate Rocks Channel I Little Green I OlsenshyFairmount I Naked I Knight I Danger I Evans I and Port Bainbridge

) middot ~

~

62 II

Harbor seal distribution map reference numbers

middot middots

lt0

49 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotshy

7) bull 14

I ln I

84 middot 107 middot middot 7 fus~ C~middott CIJ middot (c- 1 8513) 9

8 41 ~ bullbull~ ~bullbull---12 lliulantJ ~

133 21shy~LJmiddot kr 7J h~bulllU gt J bullbull I

126 krf~middotN~ltbullbull~ltmiddotmiddot bull - io7 middotmiddotmiddot 21 middot i~middotmiddotmiddot bullbull 7 bull

- tO -~ 22-shyJ middot J-bull IS 22 28 _ bull JJ 8

~7

----_______ ---------------------shy

------shy

--middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotshy --shy

I ____________________ -shy

I ~0

_

lteuro I

N A

I

18 39

Harbor seal

36 1

-~ 111 Ul Kayak I Controller Bayeta$ bull Helicopter and fixed-wing

oSout~east Rock surveyl + 26 June 26 July 1973 Scale - 1250000

I I TOtal seals = 326

Hauled out on land

Harbor seal Copper River Delta Fixed-wing survey 25 26 July 1973 Scale - 1250000 Total seals = 1349 Hauled out on land

21

Hh

immature Few adult

Elrington Island

17 Immature Bull Sea Lions

M1 turc nuLl Fur Seill

f N

Point Elrinrtun 1215 hrs 27 Junp 1973

Sea Lions - 267 Adults (vi1ual Ly estimlted) bullur Seal l Adult Bull

Scale Approximately- 181436

-14shy

HARBOR SEAL

Detailed information on abundance and distribution of harbor seals in Prince William Sound is lacking Alaskas Wildlife and Habitat (Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1973) shows in a general way distribution and areas of concentration Slightly more is known about the Copper River area because of an intensive control program from 1951 to 1958 during which 30250 seals were reportedly killed (Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1958) Herds of over 1000 seals were reported as common on sand bars at the mouth of the river

Survey techniques for harbor seals are not adequate for estimating populashytion size and may even be marginal for determining distribution Seals in the water are difficult to see When under water they can be seen only under the most favorable conditions ie clear shallow calm water with good lighting Even on the surface seals are difficult to see and many are missed Seals are most easily seen and accurately counted when hauled out Various environmental factors apparently affect haul out behavior with tide probably being most important In tidal areas many more seals are usually seen hauled out on lower stages of the tide It has been our experience that in some tidal haul out areas four to five times more seals can be counted at low tide than at high tide In glacier fed bays where seals haul on floating ice pans the greatest numbers of animals are usually seen on higher stages of the tide when the floating ice is concentrated near the glaciers Bishop (1967) felt more seals in total hauled out when the ice was concentrated at high tide than when the ice scattered on outgoing tides Unfortunately even when large numbers of seals are hauled out and can be counted the relationship to total population size is unknown

Ideally a seal survey would only be conducted under optimum conditions when surface conditions were calm lighting was good and stage of tide suitable for the type of haul out area During this survey financial and time limitations prevented restricting the survey to times of optimum conditions Weather was considered to some degree but no regard was made to stage of tide and the results should be considered in this light Populashytion numbers are undoubtedly far in excess of the 5640 recorded (map nos 27- 79) Some haul out and concentration areas may have been missed because of timing and conditions of the survey

The largest concentration of seals was found on the Copper River Delta where 1349 were counted hauled out on sand bars Other areas found where seals used sand bars as hauling areas were Controller Bay and the Bering River The Copper River Miles Lake and Bering River were the only areas where seals were found in fresh water

The following areas where seals haul out on glacial ice pans were identified during the survey Columbia Bay Unakwik Inlet College Fiord Harriman Fiord Blackstone Bay Derickson Bay and Nassau Fiord

Offshore rocks and islets are used as haul out grounds throughout the area Concentrations of harbor seals were found at the Port Chalmers - Stockdale Harbor area Seal I Applegate Rocks Channel I Little Green I OlsenshyFairmount I Naked I Knight I Danger I Evans I and Port Bainbridge

) middot ~

~

62 II

Harbor seal distribution map reference numbers

middot middots

lt0

49 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotshy

7) bull 14

I ln I

84 middot 107 middot middot 7 fus~ C~middott CIJ middot (c- 1 8513) 9

8 41 ~ bullbull~ ~bullbull---12 lliulantJ ~

133 21shy~LJmiddot kr 7J h~bulllU gt J bullbull I

126 krf~middotN~ltbullbull~ltmiddotmiddot bull - io7 middotmiddotmiddot 21 middot i~middotmiddotmiddot bullbull 7 bull

- tO -~ 22-shyJ middot J-bull IS 22 28 _ bull JJ 8

~7

----_______ ---------------------shy

------shy

--middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotshy --shy

I ____________________ -shy

I ~0

_

lteuro I

N A

I

18 39

Harbor seal

36 1

-~ 111 Ul Kayak I Controller Bayeta$ bull Helicopter and fixed-wing

oSout~east Rock surveyl + 26 June 26 July 1973 Scale - 1250000

I I TOtal seals = 326

Hauled out on land

Harbor seal Copper River Delta Fixed-wing survey 25 26 July 1973 Scale - 1250000 Total seals = 1349 Hauled out on land

21

-14shy

HARBOR SEAL

Detailed information on abundance and distribution of harbor seals in Prince William Sound is lacking Alaskas Wildlife and Habitat (Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1973) shows in a general way distribution and areas of concentration Slightly more is known about the Copper River area because of an intensive control program from 1951 to 1958 during which 30250 seals were reportedly killed (Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1958) Herds of over 1000 seals were reported as common on sand bars at the mouth of the river

Survey techniques for harbor seals are not adequate for estimating populashytion size and may even be marginal for determining distribution Seals in the water are difficult to see When under water they can be seen only under the most favorable conditions ie clear shallow calm water with good lighting Even on the surface seals are difficult to see and many are missed Seals are most easily seen and accurately counted when hauled out Various environmental factors apparently affect haul out behavior with tide probably being most important In tidal areas many more seals are usually seen hauled out on lower stages of the tide It has been our experience that in some tidal haul out areas four to five times more seals can be counted at low tide than at high tide In glacier fed bays where seals haul on floating ice pans the greatest numbers of animals are usually seen on higher stages of the tide when the floating ice is concentrated near the glaciers Bishop (1967) felt more seals in total hauled out when the ice was concentrated at high tide than when the ice scattered on outgoing tides Unfortunately even when large numbers of seals are hauled out and can be counted the relationship to total population size is unknown

Ideally a seal survey would only be conducted under optimum conditions when surface conditions were calm lighting was good and stage of tide suitable for the type of haul out area During this survey financial and time limitations prevented restricting the survey to times of optimum conditions Weather was considered to some degree but no regard was made to stage of tide and the results should be considered in this light Populashytion numbers are undoubtedly far in excess of the 5640 recorded (map nos 27- 79) Some haul out and concentration areas may have been missed because of timing and conditions of the survey

The largest concentration of seals was found on the Copper River Delta where 1349 were counted hauled out on sand bars Other areas found where seals used sand bars as hauling areas were Controller Bay and the Bering River The Copper River Miles Lake and Bering River were the only areas where seals were found in fresh water

The following areas where seals haul out on glacial ice pans were identified during the survey Columbia Bay Unakwik Inlet College Fiord Harriman Fiord Blackstone Bay Derickson Bay and Nassau Fiord

Offshore rocks and islets are used as haul out grounds throughout the area Concentrations of harbor seals were found at the Port Chalmers - Stockdale Harbor area Seal I Applegate Rocks Channel I Little Green I OlsenshyFairmount I Naked I Knight I Danger I Evans I and Port Bainbridge

) middot ~

~

62 II

Harbor seal distribution map reference numbers

middot middots

lt0

49 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotshy

7) bull 14

I ln I

84 middot 107 middot middot 7 fus~ C~middott CIJ middot (c- 1 8513) 9

8 41 ~ bullbull~ ~bullbull---12 lliulantJ ~

133 21shy~LJmiddot kr 7J h~bulllU gt J bullbull I

126 krf~middotN~ltbullbull~ltmiddotmiddot bull - io7 middotmiddotmiddot 21 middot i~middotmiddotmiddot bullbull 7 bull

- tO -~ 22-shyJ middot J-bull IS 22 28 _ bull JJ 8

~7

----_______ ---------------------shy

------shy

--middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotshy --shy

I ____________________ -shy

I ~0

_

lteuro I

N A

I

18 39

Harbor seal

36 1

-~ 111 Ul Kayak I Controller Bayeta$ bull Helicopter and fixed-wing

oSout~east Rock surveyl + 26 June 26 July 1973 Scale - 1250000

I I TOtal seals = 326

Hauled out on land

Harbor seal Copper River Delta Fixed-wing survey 25 26 July 1973 Scale - 1250000 Total seals = 1349 Hauled out on land

21

) middot ~

~

62 II

Harbor seal distribution map reference numbers

middot middots

lt0

49 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotshy

7) bull 14

I ln I

84 middot 107 middot middot 7 fus~ C~middott CIJ middot (c- 1 8513) 9

8 41 ~ bullbull~ ~bullbull---12 lliulantJ ~

133 21shy~LJmiddot kr 7J h~bulllU gt J bullbull I

126 krf~middotN~ltbullbull~ltmiddotmiddot bull - io7 middotmiddotmiddot 21 middot i~middotmiddotmiddot bullbull 7 bull

- tO -~ 22-shyJ middot J-bull IS 22 28 _ bull JJ 8

~7

----_______ ---------------------shy

------shy

--middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotshy --shy

I ____________________ -shy

I ~0

_

lteuro I

N A

I

18 39

Harbor seal

36 1

-~ 111 Ul Kayak I Controller Bayeta$ bull Helicopter and fixed-wing

oSout~east Rock surveyl + 26 June 26 July 1973 Scale - 1250000

I I TOtal seals = 326

Hauled out on land

Harbor seal Copper River Delta Fixed-wing survey 25 26 July 1973 Scale - 1250000 Total seals = 1349 Hauled out on land

21

----_______ ---------------------shy

------shy

--middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotshy --shy

I ____________________ -shy

I ~0

_

lteuro I

N A

I

18 39

Harbor seal

36 1

-~ 111 Ul Kayak I Controller Bayeta$ bull Helicopter and fixed-wing

oSout~east Rock surveyl + 26 June 26 July 1973 Scale - 1250000

I I TOtal seals = 326

Hauled out on land

Harbor seal Copper River Delta Fixed-wing survey 25 26 July 1973 Scale - 1250000 Total seals = 1349 Hauled out on land

21

Harbor seal Copper River Delta Fixed-wing survey 25 26 July 1973 Scale - 1250000 Total seals = 1349 Hauled out on land

21

1 middot ~

I

i

rl

l i

f

i fmiddotmiddotmiddot GoVlrnmentRoJ~-~ i i middotmiddotmiddotmiddot ( (Jo Pt Whitshed

r middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot t ~middot~~l~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotgtmiddotlt~~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot1~middotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~o~n~=~l3 sCmiddot~Tmiddot i ~ ~~ ~ ~ - 4 bullbull ~ Helicopter and fixed-wingI bull bullbullt 2l I 3 middot t middotmiddot ~middotmiddot survey

1

1

bull ~-l~---J ~~-~-~~=-~~~~~~i__~_f_~_n_~___i__o_~-~-~-~~1-9_7_3~~-

119 bull~1

103

120 Harbor seal Simpson Bay Nelson Bay Helicopter survey 24 26 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 18 Hauled out on-rand

~

119 bull~1

103

120 Harbor seal Simpson Bay Nelson Bay Helicopter survey 24 26 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 18 Hauled out on-rand

~

~ 2l l

hrd i

l I

I 2vd

II ~

I bull l ~(if2 2 3 i I ot )I~I i l 2l i 3 I 2 4 bull bullgtbull2

I I i I 4 bullbull bullbullbullbull middotmiddotmiddoti l I 2 II 2 8

11 2 ~lJ- ) 13 bullbull

I is I i i s - I

2l S I Sf~ I i i r-(i I s ~~ __-lt middot

I~

(7 1~

(2

~~_~~ Littlo Mummr I Qmiddotmiddot3

~--~~fi~t~--4middot~

t

II j i (751 ~middot i f ~

Harbor seal Hawkins-r-w end Helicopter survey 24 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 4

I i

75 ~ ~ AI 85~ - -o -I

75 -shy 75+ 76 _~ 78 -shy-= =-74

- - () S

~~ sk~~CIFf5( - =

78 _eo ~81 _ 79 78

73 ~ shy ~ L

~ ~

t 7 I middot 4 - 55

____49 35 0

bull 46

46 11 23 37 -shy

-

------()__-- 3S f~ d 2l bulllaquo om II bull bull

f 21 ~ I I~ hrd ll

I

~ Chbullngtuble A~bull 01~ J I __ 4

ll -_ - I J~ 2 I

I

d

~~ 2

86 83

I i-t-shy1

i

6 6

Harbor seal8 ws 7l Hinchinbrook I east end

7 Helicopter survey

IS 24 June 1973 9 _Scale - 180000

Total seals = 1 __________ 9

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-J C

middot___~middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

omiddot~middot

0 0 K 01709

~lhltllbull

~~~~middot

01205

s 4l ----l 4l~ --~---- ~ Sl

I

9 II ws

B

II

6l

B llrdS

9 ----=

sand

b -middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot~

Sl Slw s

-

I

2~

B

4l

Sl

Sl

B

blrS

6l

~22

--3[--~ ---r-- shy

-_ 2l3~ middot-_

ws

12

5~

13 IS

Illbull 64 3199 L~- -- ~2 vv87

J_______ 83 78 73 67 -- 40 - 32 33 ~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 343 _roe 93 86142 t82

87 2975 ros

N 8895 I 75 186

117 ro5 98 I

ro2

110 ro8 N

86

roo 115

89

r02

r23

ro8 middotmiddot M 130 M

116 95

ro3 134

bullmiddotmiddotmiddot129

ro9 99

r3o

112

9YM r22 119 127

124

131

52

149

Ill N c H

s 31 22 30w

23 17

19 15 rg25

15

2009

I 182f

orw w w

Harbor seal HinchinbrOOk I n end Helicopter survey 24 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 4 Hauled out on~and

)2

156

16bull 71M

151

166

239GA ~Iii

0 01800

02260

146

13bull

129 diM

117

119

32 gt 36

-4i ~39 33 pmiddot 48 c 46

149 49 Y-7~

~ 795 osao J)j~

lt) 436

7

7l

7l 9 7

~ 10 II 12

Ill

middoto

~middot6

115 middot

ltl7

106 Etc qyS

103

113 35 on~and

5middot~ 10egt-1o4

qyS middotmiddotltmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot lOB

lOS

109 106

107 9s

110 l(i()

Ill 103

104 9Ys Ill

85

9Ci

102

99

------=middot------m------middot

~1546

~~ Signnl fwtt

o0

~~middotmiddot-~LIGHT OiJSr 11~ ~o(lp~ ~middot o s

v ~~

I

II Total seals bull

cr

~middotpound~

12

12

fS 16

17

IJ~

~

12

--middot~~ ~ I gt Sh G (fjmiddotbullomiddotTJ~ --1-9-

17

19

16 20 2

23

12

Harbor~ H1nchinbrook I Port Helicopter survey 24 June 1973 Scale - 180000

Hauled out

M35

Harbor seal Montague I ne end Helicopter survey 24 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 193 Hauled out on land

loo

gt

-oshy

~

-sectgt 1 tlf

ll

~ C)

~ gtI

~

IC)

~ gtloo

-oshy

i

-oshyi

10

middotmiddot

(Qb middot (Q~

qi I

ro I ~) rJ

10 t~ I

0 -

gt

~oo ~oo gt

(11 0

i gt

gt

i C)

10

IJII 11

C)

~I

gt0

~0 ~

rgt

~

Harbor seal Montagu~ w side Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 23 Hauled out on~and

Illbull 64 3199 L~- -- ~2 vv87

J_______ 83 78 73 67 -- 40 - 32 33 ~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 343 _roe 93 86142 t82

87 2975 ros

N 8895 I 75 186

117 ro5 98 I

ro2

110 ro8 N

86

roo 115

89

r02

r23

ro8 middotmiddot M 130 M

116 95

ro3 134

bullmiddotmiddotmiddot129

ro9 99

r3o

112

9YM r22 119 127

124

131

52

149

Ill N c H

s 31 22 30w

23 17

19 15 rg25

15

2009

I 182f

orw w w

Harbor seal HinchinbrOOk I n end Helicopter survey 24 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 4 Hauled out on~and

)2

156

16bull 71M

151

166

239GA ~Iii

0 01800

02260

146

13bull

129 diM

117

119

32 gt 36

-4i ~39 33 pmiddot 48 c 46

149 49 Y-7~

~ 795 osao J)j~

lt) 436

7

7l

7l 9 7

~ 10 II 12

Ill

middoto

~middot6

115 middot

ltl7

106 Etc qyS

103

113 35 on~and

5middot~ 10egt-1o4

qyS middotmiddotltmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot lOB

lOS

109 106

107 9s

110 l(i()

Ill 103

104 9Ys Ill

85

9Ci

102

99

------=middot------m------middot

~1546

~~ Signnl fwtt

o0

~~middotmiddot-~LIGHT OiJSr 11~ ~o(lp~ ~middot o s

v ~~

I

II Total seals bull

cr

~middotpound~

12

12

fS 16

17

IJ~

~

12

--middot~~ ~ I gt Sh G (fjmiddotbullomiddotTJ~ --1-9-

17

19

16 20 2

23

12

Harbor~ H1nchinbrook I Port Helicopter survey 24 June 1973 Scale - 180000

Hauled out

M35

Harbor seal Montague I ne end Helicopter survey 24 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 193 Hauled out on land

loo

gt

-oshy

~

-sectgt 1 tlf

ll

~ C)

~ gtI

~

IC)

~ gtloo

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i

-oshyi

10

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(Qb middot (Q~

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10 t~ I

0 -

gt

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(11 0

i gt

gt

i C)

10

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C)

~I

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~0 ~

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~

Harbor seal Montagu~ w side Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 23 Hauled out on~and

)2

156

16bull 71M

151

166

239GA ~Iii

0 01800

02260

146

13bull

129 diM

117

119

32 gt 36

-4i ~39 33 pmiddot 48 c 46

149 49 Y-7~

~ 795 osao J)j~

lt) 436

7

7l

7l 9 7

~ 10 II 12

Ill

middoto

~middot6

115 middot

ltl7

106 Etc qyS

103

113 35 on~and

5middot~ 10egt-1o4

qyS middotmiddotltmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot lOB

lOS

109 106

107 9s

110 l(i()

Ill 103

104 9Ys Ill

85

9Ci

102

99

------=middot------m------middot

~1546

~~ Signnl fwtt

o0

~~middotmiddot-~LIGHT OiJSr 11~ ~o(lp~ ~middot o s

v ~~

I

II Total seals bull

cr

~middotpound~

12

12

fS 16

17

IJ~

~

12

--middot~~ ~ I gt Sh G (fjmiddotbullomiddotTJ~ --1-9-

17

19

16 20 2

23

12

Harbor~ H1nchinbrook I Port Helicopter survey 24 June 1973 Scale - 180000

Hauled out

M35

Harbor seal Montague I ne end Helicopter survey 24 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 193 Hauled out on land

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gt

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~

Harbor seal Montagu~ w side Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 23 Hauled out on~and

M35

Harbor seal Montague I ne end Helicopter survey 24 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 193 Hauled out on land

loo

gt

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~

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Harbor seal Montagu~ w side Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 23 Hauled out on~and

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ll

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~ gtI

~

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i

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10 t~ I

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10

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~

Harbor seal Montagu~ w side Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 23 Hauled out on~and

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b

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~q Harbor seal Montagu~ west side Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = ~ Hauled out on land

90

96 86

80

82 61

71 71

89 74

middotmiddotmiddot shy i middotss s7middot 3~

f f2 28 56

~ 32 f I lJ 26

66

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48

43

lily 37

shy 4S 43 22

38 31

31

45 22

25

14 13

14

7 II 12

I

12 iiO

bull

17

54

93 bCI

76

83

74

58 middotmiddot

middot ( middotmiddotmiddot

55 bull 42

41 26 middotmiddotmiddot

( 25

38 20 23 middotmiddot 2442 17

26 22 18

17 22 2019

(24 IIs 14 24 lily 17

19 20

I 19 17 16 17

16 13 13 14 14 lily

(

14 13 14

II15 14

rflty

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14

16

I

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M38 101

94

I

For Symbols 7

Harbor seal Montagu~~ sw end Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale- 180000 Total seal = 32 Hauled out on-land

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)

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st

71

s 74

middot II

II 21

17 25

19 13 20llty

sgtIBILITY II 1613 jomiddoto1er the nominal or the 14middot~1921 charted See uS Coast

ior additional information IS AENTAL INFORMATION 16 20

Coast Pilat 9 for importattt tal information

0l 5

t 233 b 1- 22

~~~~~-f~~--6 hed to afford the

e character of the ed upon as lines of 31I

20 1 5 4512 45

18 42 5327 47

12 PATTON BAY4o 5731(see note 8) 45 5820 55

27 2912 38 56 59

4423 32 393627

21 46 33 42

38 41

25 N 38 3834 39

31

inificant changes in depths and shoreline have 19 28 2725 ed in the area of thfs chart as a result of the

28tquake of March 27 1964 Tidal observations middotthe earthquake indicate bottom uplift at the

Harbor seal Montague I east side Helicopter survey26 June 1973

Scale - 180000 Total seals = 104 Hauled out on land

90

96 86

80

82 61

71 71

89 74

middotmiddotmiddot shy i middotss s7middot 3~

f f2 28 56

~ 32 f I lJ 26

66

middotmiddotmiddot

48

43

lily 37

shy 4S 43 22

38 31

31

45 22

25

14 13

14

7 II 12

I

12 iiO

bull

17

54

93 bCI

76

83

74

58 middotmiddot

middot ( middotmiddotmiddot

55 bull 42

41 26 middotmiddotmiddot

( 25

38 20 23 middotmiddot 2442 17

26 22 18

17 22 2019

(24 IIs 14 24 lily 17

19 20

I 19 17 16 17

16 13 13 14 14 lily

(

14 13 14

II15 14

rflty

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14

16

I

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M38 101

94

I

For Symbols 7

Harbor seal Montagu~~ sw end Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale- 180000 Total seal = 32 Hauled out on-land

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)

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Hauled ou )-l ) o

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st

71

s 74

middot II

II 21

17 25

19 13 20llty

sgtIBILITY II 1613 jomiddoto1er the nominal or the 14middot~1921 charted See uS Coast

ior additional information IS AENTAL INFORMATION 16 20

Coast Pilat 9 for importattt tal information

0l 5

t 233 b 1- 22

~~~~~-f~~--6 hed to afford the

e character of the ed upon as lines of 31I

20 1 5 4512 45

18 42 5327 47

12 PATTON BAY4o 5731(see note 8) 45 5820 55

27 2912 38 56 59

4423 32 393627

21 46 33 42

38 41

25 N 38 3834 39

31

inificant changes in depths and shoreline have 19 28 2725 ed in the area of thfs chart as a result of the

28tquake of March 27 1964 Tidal observations middotthe earthquake indicate bottom uplift at the

Harbor seal Montague I east side Helicopter survey26 June 1973

Scale - 180000 Total seals = 104 Hauled out on land

M39

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71

s 74

middot II

II 21

17 25

19 13 20llty

sgtIBILITY II 1613 jomiddoto1er the nominal or the 14middot~1921 charted See uS Coast

ior additional information IS AENTAL INFORMATION 16 20

Coast Pilat 9 for importattt tal information

0l 5

t 233 b 1- 22

~~~~~-f~~--6 hed to afford the

e character of the ed upon as lines of 31I

20 1 5 4512 45

18 42 5327 47

12 PATTON BAY4o 5731(see note 8) 45 5820 55

27 2912 38 56 59

4423 32 393627

21 46 33 42

38 41

25 N 38 3834 39

31

inificant changes in depths and shoreline have 19 28 2725 ed in the area of thfs chart as a result of the

28tquake of March 27 1964 Tidal observations middotthe earthquake indicate bottom uplift at the

Harbor seal Montague I east side Helicopter survey26 June 1973

Scale - 180000 Total seals = 104 Hauled out on land

st

71

s 74

middot II

II 21

17 25

19 13 20llty

sgtIBILITY II 1613 jomiddoto1er the nominal or the 14middot~1921 charted See uS Coast

ior additional information IS AENTAL INFORMATION 16 20

Coast Pilat 9 for importattt tal information

0l 5

t 233 b 1- 22

~~~~~-f~~--6 hed to afford the

e character of the ed upon as lines of 31I

20 1 5 4512 45

18 42 5327 47

12 PATTON BAY4o 5731(see note 8) 45 5820 55

27 2912 38 56 59

4423 32 393627

21 46 33 42

38 41

25 N 38 3834 39

31

inificant changes in depths and shoreline have 19 28 2725 ed in the area of thfs chart as a result of the

28tquake of March 27 1964 Tidal observations middotthe earthquake indicate bottom uplift at the

Harbor seal Montague I east side Helicopter survey26 June 1973

Scale - 180000 Total seals = 104 Hauled out on land

11 109

Ill 107

1cent 13 1gt

08 13

Iamp

-14

Ill

112 14

Ill Ill

1 102 oo

10118 us lOll

08

1291 97 0gt 13

10

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109

i IOl toyI

2gt 1gt I38 qyJ

22shy samp I 10$13 11 ~ 24middotn Harbor~ 1

ligt 21 gyM Montague east sidegto fgt1 ~ Helicopter survey - 26 July 197318 12 40 5gt Scale - 180000

1 o Total seals = ~4 13 11 3a

s n TIs Igt -o17

12 2gt I

142

~

~

~ 10

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Harbor seal Montague I ne end Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 25 Hauled out on~nd

12

A J 49r-G

4 66 6u

ltirt~ 75

_ )~ 74

~ 73

77

79 70

69 btJCI 69

bu Cl

69

64

32

36

28

35 33 36

47 42

(~-P)-pound)~of~~( ( ssgtgt-( ((0 I~-~ I t ~- -~ _~_-_ _~ --~

~~-_ (( -~194 ___ _

---amiddotmiddot------79

79 6u91

77 79 83

---- _ ___ _ ----- --

~f~~j ~

77 75

42

40

Ill 41

20

29

32

33

34

41

24 39

~ II

~Jbullbull36

49~~ 44 38 ~~ 4 oo ~ 48~ 46

43 32

31

53 35 34 17

65063 I n 11111111u 73

~~0 ~1111 io

66

58

29

52 41

33 12 II

36 llld

4gt 39 deg 3037

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22 Jl

42 37 25 24

Harbor~

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34

~ ~ wmiddotmiddotmiddot

36

62 Gravina Point~111 75 72 ~ 76 67 ~ 3 30

1111 Helicopter surveyE I eo r t 60 76 II II II I 0 ~~ gy Cl 26 June 1973 ou 11 111 I - 79

bull ~ middot middot ~ Scalemiddot-middot 180000

middot 78 u M~c1 76 - 75 -------=----~yen~~ ~-~- _ltfJ

82 Total seals = 13 Hauled out on-rand

lto

7~ lt~ -1-s

gts

J 2~ - ltG 1) lt~ - middot ~

~) 6 _rs_middot ~B middot-~1 s I~ 6olt Ss

--7fT---~--

)9

shy

Harbor seal Port Gravina Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 38

_Hauled Qllt an~ndi

54

86 vir

52

46 25

43 35

~--------~--------~------~~~~~---24~4567

51 vir 32

22

37 29

bulllr 29 22

43 22 15

19 17

23 24

2 I

26

23 22

i5 54 24 26

43

51 22 16 23 16

35 26

15 --15

15 _i 25 20

30 16

29

1r

37

21

23 22

22

e

13 e

4 bull

-shy -sR26

2bull II

1 1 4 17 12

12

17 15

20 16

2J 16

w

16

15

1 1

15

19

21

15

25

37

Harbor seal Red HeadKnowles Head Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 180000

1 - 33Total sea s - -- d Hauled out on lan

~

-a

1

middot~

~ ~

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~

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A J 49r-G

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~ 73

77

79 70

69 btJCI 69

bu Cl

69

64

32

36

28

35 33 36

47 42

(~-P)-pound)~of~~( ( ssgtgt-( ((0 I~-~ I t ~- -~ _~_-_ _~ --~

~~-_ (( -~194 ___ _

---amiddotmiddot------79

79 6u91

77 79 83

---- _ ___ _ ----- --

~f~~j ~

77 75

42

40

Ill 41

20

29

32

33

34

41

24 39

~ II

~Jbullbull36

49~~ 44 38 ~~ 4 oo ~ 48~ 46

43 32

31

53 35 34 17

65063 I n 11111111u 73

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66

58

29

52 41

33 12 II

36 llld

4gt 39 deg 3037

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~ ~ wmiddotmiddotmiddot

36

62 Gravina Point~111 75 72 ~ 76 67 ~ 3 30

1111 Helicopter surveyE I eo r t 60 76 II II II I 0 ~~ gy Cl 26 June 1973 ou 11 111 I - 79

bull ~ middot middot ~ Scalemiddot-middot 180000

middot 78 u M~c1 76 - 75 -------=----~yen~~ ~-~- _ltfJ

82 Total seals = 13 Hauled out on-rand

lto

7~ lt~ -1-s

gts

J 2~ - ltG 1) lt~ - middot ~

~) 6 _rs_middot ~B middot-~1 s I~ 6olt Ss

--7fT---~--

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shy

Harbor seal Port Gravina Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 38

_Hauled Qllt an~ndi

54

86 vir

52

46 25

43 35

~--------~--------~------~~~~~---24~4567

51 vir 32

22

37 29

bulllr 29 22

43 22 15

19 17

23 24

2 I

26

23 22

i5 54 24 26

43

51 22 16 23 16

35 26

15 --15

15 _i 25 20

30 16

29

1r

37

21

23 22

22

e

13 e

4 bull

-shy -sR26

2bull II

1 1 4 17 12

12

17 15

20 16

2J 16

w

16

15

1 1

15

19

21

15

25

37

Harbor seal Red HeadKnowles Head Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 180000

1 - 33Total sea s - -- d Hauled out on lan

~

-a

1

middot~

~ ~

ltI

cg shy

~

- -

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c06~

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~

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~

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--7fT---~--

)9

shy

Harbor seal Port Gravina Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 38

_Hauled Qllt an~ndi

54

86 vir

52

46 25

43 35

~--------~--------~------~~~~~---24~4567

51 vir 32

22

37 29

bulllr 29 22

43 22 15

19 17

23 24

2 I

26

23 22

i5 54 24 26

43

51 22 16 23 16

35 26

15 --15

15 _i 25 20

30 16

29

1r

37

21

23 22

22

e

13 e

4 bull

-shy -sR26

2bull II

1 1 4 17 12

12

17 15

20 16

2J 16

w

16

15

1 1

15

19

21

15

25

37

Harbor seal Red HeadKnowles Head Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 180000

1 - 33Total sea s - -- d Hauled out on lan

~

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1

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~ ~

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cg shy

~

- -

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~

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~ ~--

~

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~

~

~

54

86 vir

52

46 25

43 35

~--------~--------~------~~~~~---24~4567

51 vir 32

22

37 29

bulllr 29 22

43 22 15

19 17

23 24

2 I

26

23 22

i5 54 24 26

43

51 22 16 23 16

35 26

15 --15

15 _i 25 20

30 16

29

1r

37

21

23 22

22

e

13 e

4 bull

-shy -sR26

2bull II

1 1 4 17 12

12

17 15

20 16

2J 16

w

16

15

1 1

15

19

21

15

25

37

Harbor seal Red HeadKnowles Head Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 180000

1 - 33Total sea s - -- d Hauled out on lan

~

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~

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87

92 127

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56 36 I~ 32 0 ~

41 p_ 71

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77 Jv 03

61 bv N

50

57

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34

42

61

49

34

43

42 sllr

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18

771 25

53

45 I~

38

43 25

19

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6 1122

2yen19 13 33

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63 22 22 32

36

24 63

142

74

34 45 M

I 45 22

62

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23

13

12

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8

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24

44

28

35

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38

54

68

45

48 Ill

58

36

36

34

42

67

68

57

78

36 33

53 48 33

56 rloy69

66 4e

Harbor seal

31

43

93

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90 96

69

71 I middot40 20

36 19

28bull1 _

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37

16

26

35

62

93

43

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82

Q

80

88

80

88

86

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85

91

84 slf

83 Bligh -Tatitlek Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale- 180000 Total seals = 4 Hauled out on-land

64

146

107

I 158

143

90 203 Uk

179

133

40 75

193

183 172

204

173 173

195 ~ 172

207 lrl

184 200 ) 183

102 153

178 171

206

~09 I

210

207

202

92 190

10~

~middot 198

h bullbull

133 109

207 ~ 135

209 191

173 176 187

148 ~ 205 bull

206 197

184

205

209 105

40

208 20~ 204 but

209

195 206

200

215 Vr 158

199

206

68 ~0

202 162

194 172 41 51

72

95 49

186

91

sA

67 87

120

117

6lt

58

sA

56

middot

49

Harbor seal Outer Valdez Arm Helicopter survey26 June 1973 Scale - 180000 T9tal_ seals_= 2

~ It

~

~ cl-shy-- -p -~-

ell ~ ~I ~

-~ ~

-~

C~

~

~

lt~

~ ~

N N I~ I

~ ~

~

~

~

~

amp

~

~

6

~ ~

~ 1

j- -amp

~ ~ ~

~

~

~ ~

0shy ~

08

47 03 sflM

133 12S 99 83

62104 113

89119 93 bull4()1)2 Ill

94 JYM

100]_2 shy

Harbor seal Port Valdez Helicopter survey 26 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals =

f~1710

not surveyed

47

70

34

79

66

16

02628

70 2 15 r2 90

IJG 108 108 65 0

13 ~ v 93 83 77 115 t amiddot 63 ~42113 126

middot 5 shy 47 7 115 -shymiddot 16 ----shy

22

114 113

85 _______ ~ 144

0 L U M 147

122 146 151 156 150

150157 155148

145 160 158143

130 162 16369

155 159123 117 152 161 168145

135 163109138

74 158 15L

__lL_

35

32

8815 45

107

172 171 177 PT

173

i

Harbor seal Columbia Bay Helicopter survey

middot 28 June 197 3 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 133 Hauled out on land Hauled out on ice

130 162

161 165 168 167

3 111 1-

IlL 32 17 tmiddot__-shy

middot4middotmiddot----- bull

g

t~ G 1578

OM5 I 137 Ill

77 62

eo 132 1--middot --- 88 30 16 33 31 106 - 47 65 80 3033 52

50 5746 50 85 15 4 145 91

15

43

35 32 13 112028 45

_ 1745

VJ v -

r 52 36 bull

I -1 A~J _ J middot- jll I 11 I Joimbullki ~t t92 42 ~ 108 bull10 t~l562

10 ~

Jmiddot 50 ~9 )1J frJf~~0o~~o~ (

1034

210

s V1

210 N

205 2

222I I vs~~~- i-7[J ru- 130

137

19530 31

36 3 4 ~- 30 210 ltf --middot -middot---------middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-- shy

73 69 58 66 54 22

67 55 47 61 62

---middot -middot-a--middot-middot 64- 55 54 64 ~ ~Q~E__

Harbor seal Glacier I Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 34 Hauled out on land

l) Cl~~- I ~ I _ iftl 2~ 1 1 4 4 2 26

99

90

41

33

29

20

17 N

36

27 8 39

41 24 32 63

IN 45

58

34

66

24

29

-middot bull I I

~--~~~ft14 io~gt~_middot- 16 39 _12

46 23

112

60rlry

106 41 6144

61 43 59 70105 7

34 53

60 63 82 (104 N

71

69 82 -----lo-z---28~~~3J--M3-4---23-----~a-49---71-~-7-2___7_5------------u3

9342 47 109 I I a~~~85 ~ 20 25 17 (gl3_middots(i 16 17

102I I I I ~ ___ Jrj bullbull_I 24I I I I I 1 I II I I 0i- ~ 64 28 _ 18 IJ i -~ 29 21 40 26 74 96 $~Cler

11 11

111111h~ 82~ (Itmiddot~ _ bull58 bull 31I as -- middot 11 23 24 83 88 85 94

89 I i oot bull~ 7~ee_~-~tf- ~ middotmiddot~t-9)middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot---- 61

26 18 431111~1 ~~~~ l~ o n f 37 i -middot middot ~-i-~ 13 25 ~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-~-~----- ---~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~ ~~-- 941 1 8I I 180 56

9~117J 70 6 49 63 76 90 86 N 0 2 55

~9 7384

941 I 59 43 76 75 7479I Ct 1

I~ 50 I 84 75 58 26

I I

I 58 64 71 70 66 6762 64 43 57I Cl 64 so_j~shyI I 55 6SI 49 _shy

I I 66 60 52 69 70 72 60 5872 62 61I 48 61I

78 rmiddot66I 5964I

fJI

__ 57 61 54 65 shy

i 57

f)H

54

I 54 o5 I 65

Harbor seal Seal S~ I Helicoptec survey 24 27 June 1973 Scale- 180000 Total seals = 292 Hauled out on-rand

rl03 26 I 39 6962

5791 91I 100 46 76 0 102 10 55

luulu1 1111 M 29 7056 38

I _ ho CtJ_i --~ -- 8292 1 93-~ ~4 70 89

I ~f-- s -==-~ = - 43 35

-8-3--=--=---8-0- ~ a- 33 57-1 85 54 7730~ 90 ~lt I

I 0 i degCI1E AS~ 1f 66 t 26 ~8 27 ~ 54 62 N2t l middot ~ -middot-middot9 - sy van4 Rlt 48

I 87 82 ~ ~ 30 (~-~~ew 16 24 46 I ~ ~ pound 35 middot-t Y bull 44 I ~ $ nly 32 --II 14 37 27

91 I I

buCI

172 73 69

66

~ sA 61 82 middotbull

_ 60

82 __ _In

e 54 61 57

57

61 52

52

101 96 Ill 115

80 103

67shy70

58

88

56 9253 126 40 76

39 58 119

38 116105 N 19

2

middot

oB ~ 5

~middotmiddot i]

7~ 52 48 46 3

ltF I 19 N 34

551 ~rfty 74 ) 48

Itmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 68 _37 145

s 30 33 21

lfTI 60 27

_~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 28

(~~middot-35 bvC33 20

6 17 31

Sll 22

~ 29

63

54(~smiddot _ t44middotmiddotmiddot~~ 2

601 i

I 24

-~middotmiddotmiddot~ ~ 7o

75 (-~) 1

65 25 75

27 21

15 rly Sl19 36 2134 93 25 40 35

312969 25 2$32

65 bu

5 27

27

59 NICI

40

I 14

31 16

i 39

36

43

35

45

33

24

39 22

rky

44

I

52 sa

271 23

52

34

16

II

II 13 18(e

17 ) i9

13~ 38

27

18

21

17

38 gyM

41

46

32 26

33 25

y

Harbormiddot seal Green r- shyHelicopter24 June 197urvey

Scale shyTotal s 180000 eals - 3Hauled - 49out on-1and

g

t~ G 1578

OM5 I 137 Ill

77 62

eo 132 1--middot --- 88 30 16 33 31 106 - 47 65 80 3033 52

50 5746 50 85 15 4 145 91

15

43

35 32 13 112028 45

_ 1745

VJ v -

r 52 36 bull

I -1 A~J _ J middot- jll I 11 I Joimbullki ~t t92 42 ~ 108 bull10 t~l562

10 ~

Jmiddot 50 ~9 )1J frJf~~0o~~o~ (

1034

210

s V1

210 N

205 2

222I I vs~~~- i-7[J ru- 130

137

19530 31

36 3 4 ~- 30 210 ltf --middot -middot---------middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-- shy

73 69 58 66 54 22

67 55 47 61 62

---middot -middot-a--middot-middot 64- 55 54 64 ~ ~Q~E__

Harbor seal Glacier I Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 34 Hauled out on land

l) Cl~~- I ~ I _ iftl 2~ 1 1 4 4 2 26

99

90

41

33

29

20

17 N

36

27 8 39

41 24 32 63

IN 45

58

34

66

24

29

-middot bull I I

~--~~~ft14 io~gt~_middot- 16 39 _12

46 23

112

60rlry

106 41 6144

61 43 59 70105 7

34 53

60 63 82 (104 N

71

69 82 -----lo-z---28~~~3J--M3-4---23-----~a-49---71-~-7-2___7_5------------u3

9342 47 109 I I a~~~85 ~ 20 25 17 (gl3_middots(i 16 17

102I I I I ~ ___ Jrj bullbull_I 24I I I I I 1 I II I I 0i- ~ 64 28 _ 18 IJ i -~ 29 21 40 26 74 96 $~Cler

11 11

111111h~ 82~ (Itmiddot~ _ bull58 bull 31I as -- middot 11 23 24 83 88 85 94

89 I i oot bull~ 7~ee_~-~tf- ~ middotmiddot~t-9)middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot---- 61

26 18 431111~1 ~~~~ l~ o n f 37 i -middot middot ~-i-~ 13 25 ~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-~-~----- ---~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~ ~~-- 941 1 8I I 180 56

9~117J 70 6 49 63 76 90 86 N 0 2 55

~9 7384

941 I 59 43 76 75 7479I Ct 1

I~ 50 I 84 75 58 26

I I

I 58 64 71 70 66 6762 64 43 57I Cl 64 so_j~shyI I 55 6SI 49 _shy

I I 66 60 52 69 70 72 60 5872 62 61I 48 61I

78 rmiddot66I 5964I

fJI

__ 57 61 54 65 shy

i 57

f)H

54

I 54 o5 I 65

Harbor seal Seal S~ I Helicoptec survey 24 27 June 1973 Scale- 180000 Total seals = 292 Hauled out on-rand

rl03 26 I 39 6962

5791 91I 100 46 76 0 102 10 55

luulu1 1111 M 29 7056 38

I _ ho CtJ_i --~ -- 8292 1 93-~ ~4 70 89

I ~f-- s -==-~ = - 43 35

-8-3--=--=---8-0- ~ a- 33 57-1 85 54 7730~ 90 ~lt I

I 0 i degCI1E AS~ 1f 66 t 26 ~8 27 ~ 54 62 N2t l middot ~ -middot-middot9 - sy van4 Rlt 48

I 87 82 ~ ~ 30 (~-~~ew 16 24 46 I ~ ~ pound 35 middot-t Y bull 44 I ~ $ nly 32 --II 14 37 27

91 I I

buCI

172 73 69

66

~ sA 61 82 middotbull

_ 60

82 __ _In

e 54 61 57

57

61 52

52

101 96 Ill 115

80 103

67shy70

58

88

56 9253 126 40 76

39 58 119

38 116105 N 19

2

middot

oB ~ 5

~middotmiddot i]

7~ 52 48 46 3

ltF I 19 N 34

551 ~rfty 74 ) 48

Itmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 68 _37 145

s 30 33 21

lfTI 60 27

_~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 28

(~~middot-35 bvC33 20

6 17 31

Sll 22

~ 29

63

54(~smiddot _ t44middotmiddotmiddot~~ 2

601 i

I 24

-~middotmiddotmiddot~ ~ 7o

75 (-~) 1

65 25 75

27 21

15 rly Sl19 36 2134 93 25 40 35

312969 25 2$32

65 bu

5 27

27

59 NICI

40

I 14

31 16

i 39

36

43

35

45

33

24

39 22

rky

44

I

52 sa

271 23

52

34

16

II

II 13 18(e

17 ) i9

13~ 38

27

18

21

17

38 gyM

41

46

32 26

33 25

y

Harbormiddot seal Green r- shyHelicopter24 June 197urvey

Scale shyTotal s 180000 eals - 3Hauled - 49out on-1and

99

90

41

33

29

20

17 N

36

27 8 39

41 24 32 63

IN 45

58

34

66

24

29

-middot bull I I

~--~~~ft14 io~gt~_middot- 16 39 _12

46 23

112

60rlry

106 41 6144

61 43 59 70105 7

34 53

60 63 82 (104 N

71

69 82 -----lo-z---28~~~3J--M3-4---23-----~a-49---71-~-7-2___7_5------------u3

9342 47 109 I I a~~~85 ~ 20 25 17 (gl3_middots(i 16 17

102I I I I ~ ___ Jrj bullbull_I 24I I I I I 1 I II I I 0i- ~ 64 28 _ 18 IJ i -~ 29 21 40 26 74 96 $~Cler

11 11

111111h~ 82~ (Itmiddot~ _ bull58 bull 31I as -- middot 11 23 24 83 88 85 94

89 I i oot bull~ 7~ee_~-~tf- ~ middotmiddot~t-9)middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot---- 61

26 18 431111~1 ~~~~ l~ o n f 37 i -middot middot ~-i-~ 13 25 ~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-~-~----- ---~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~ ~~-- 941 1 8I I 180 56

9~117J 70 6 49 63 76 90 86 N 0 2 55

~9 7384

941 I 59 43 76 75 7479I Ct 1

I~ 50 I 84 75 58 26

I I

I 58 64 71 70 66 6762 64 43 57I Cl 64 so_j~shyI I 55 6SI 49 _shy

I I 66 60 52 69 70 72 60 5872 62 61I 48 61I

78 rmiddot66I 5964I

fJI

__ 57 61 54 65 shy

i 57

f)H

54

I 54 o5 I 65

Harbor seal Seal S~ I Helicoptec survey 24 27 June 1973 Scale- 180000 Total seals = 292 Hauled out on-rand

rl03 26 I 39 6962

5791 91I 100 46 76 0 102 10 55

luulu1 1111 M 29 7056 38

I _ ho CtJ_i --~ -- 8292 1 93-~ ~4 70 89

I ~f-- s -==-~ = - 43 35

-8-3--=--=---8-0- ~ a- 33 57-1 85 54 7730~ 90 ~lt I

I 0 i degCI1E AS~ 1f 66 t 26 ~8 27 ~ 54 62 N2t l middot ~ -middot-middot9 - sy van4 Rlt 48

I 87 82 ~ ~ 30 (~-~~ew 16 24 46 I ~ ~ pound 35 middot-t Y bull 44 I ~ $ nly 32 --II 14 37 27

91 I I

buCI

172 73 69

66

~ sA 61 82 middotbull

_ 60

82 __ _In

e 54 61 57

57

61 52

52

101 96 Ill 115

80 103

67shy70

58

88

56 9253 126 40 76

39 58 119

38 116105 N 19

2

middot

oB ~ 5

~middotmiddot i]

7~ 52 48 46 3

ltF I 19 N 34

551 ~rfty 74 ) 48

Itmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 68 _37 145

s 30 33 21

lfTI 60 27

_~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 28

(~~middot-35 bvC33 20

6 17 31

Sll 22

~ 29

63

54(~smiddot _ t44middotmiddotmiddot~~ 2

601 i

I 24

-~middotmiddotmiddot~ ~ 7o

75 (-~) 1

65 25 75

27 21

15 rly Sl19 36 2134 93 25 40 35

312969 25 2$32

65 bu

5 27

27

59 NICI

40

I 14

31 16

i 39

36

43

35

45

33

24

39 22

rky

44

I

52 sa

271 23

52

34

16

II

II 13 18(e

17 ) i9

13~ 38

27

18

21

17

38 gyM

41

46

32 26

33 25

y

Harbormiddot seal Green r- shyHelicopter24 June 197urvey

Scale shyTotal s 180000 eals - 3Hauled - 49out on-1and

2

middot

oB ~ 5

~middotmiddot i]

7~ 52 48 46 3

ltF I 19 N 34

551 ~rfty 74 ) 48

Itmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 68 _37 145

s 30 33 21

lfTI 60 27

_~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 28

(~~middot-35 bvC33 20

6 17 31

Sll 22

~ 29

63

54(~smiddot _ t44middotmiddotmiddot~~ 2

601 i

I 24

-~middotmiddotmiddot~ ~ 7o

75 (-~) 1

65 25 75

27 21

15 rly Sl19 36 2134 93 25 40 35

312969 25 2$32

65 bu

5 27

27

59 NICI

40

I 14

31 16

i 39

36

43

35

45

33

24

39 22

rky

44

I

52 sa

271 23

52

34

16

II

II 13 18(e

17 ) i9

13~ 38

27

18

21

17

38 gyM

41

46

32 26

33 25

y

Harbormiddot seal Green r- shyHelicopter24 June 197urvey

Scale shyTotal s 180000 eals - 3Hauled - 49out on-1and

M55

Harbor seal Unakwik Inlet Helicopter survey 28 29 June 1973 Scale- 1200000 Total seals = 288 Hauled out on land Hauled out on ice

1 1

75

29 50-lt~-----shy----middot~ bullbull (ioo) bull too

96

33 3----~-~ 48 94 a73 ~ 85 bull bull 190r43

92 (100) 66 degfrlfflaquobull A_xpj J d79 95 120 15 bull 11 _ bullIll l73 11145 Bald HCnd Chris~_--~middot_ 3 7

60137 167 168

113115 bull 70 middot 7

middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot 133 16 3 1 2 71 13()160 lOB 94200 205l---Epoundg ~~-~128middot Ia _L ---shy middotmiddot middot36middot ~78 -wmiddot__ _14- ~f ~itmiddot~ ITISS 163 j ~

225 13 tl 59r9o reo 118 66 l18 19 138 50 71 25 287

179 183 21 33186 94 167 Fool I ~

1tgt)l

r25 eo middotJi

47 0

107 291

t

r

11

11

61 15 27(-~5(J) ItO190 37

65 -J 93 I vo

96 51 122 60 AI

184 27 43 205 224 195 52 s

293iR 20ft 113M 23 250 188rv- 102 200

ISt 46 219 Z15Ct Iso 153 1 310

256 I184 1 AI

187 11 295

24G

I 5

Harbor seal Axel Lind Dutch Group Helicopter survey 28 29 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 73 Hauled out on-rand

7

I

20

H57 235

251 240

-middot 2gt764 265 2S3I rl-y 2l

260 ~ q

240 130

I

I 2lt I shy1 5 1 2241

189 rllty

i I

I

207

65

175 )

GS

102

18

104 59

IOi 61JgJ-middot r-1pSJ 18 17 7816 II 14

23

~ I 30

2

M 71 14 r--middot ~middot

20 r-~ 16 i

17 ~ 90 J5

103

69 I 2

II I lOS67 I lrY

7216 74 7728 3724 102M

107

55 63 7J

80 ry3618 18

101 47

7343M 6043 18

middot~

57

35

72

50

Harbor seal Naked StoHelicopt rey Peak I 2 er surve

8 June 1973 y5 3 1 Scale_ 1 80 0 T bull 00 otal seals - 14

Hauled shyout on land 9

H58

409 1 3 12 1

1~3 5b

3 CoS

( bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullrtf Iffmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

373

129 320

187

)334

39S 148

Cl

98

t3shy

r gt 121

c~ 9 21

1

31

70

19

56 24

59 -42

67 2 25 1 2

Harbor seal Eleanor Ingot Disk I Helicopter survey 27 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 94 Hauled out on-rand

M59

3-3 303 middot

269 r-J

226 IS

156

14(

IIG 12G

16 Qo 110 It

226 86

5

bull e9

G4 Cl 9

49

66

GG

50

Cl

76

75 63 AI

17 Sl

-7

1

_ ~

Harbor seal Knight ~- end Helicopter survey 27 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 8l Hauled out on-rand

rlty

f 144M

Ill

98

165

ISO

-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot27_ - 33 irlty middotbull~middot 47

4 -~ I shy bull i i 1j 68

middot 64 1 middot-~l middot 1 4~j ampj-middotiliy( 73AI 964S i 70~-middotmiddot w_ Cl -~-4~middot 836 middot i 15 L)Ianning Ria

IS j 16 43 J 48 29 9middotmiddotmiddot middot bu Cl

~5 1 tr 4ft 16riyf

~ bull middot 7 -middotmiddot- 26 198

I 7 69 middot- _44) iZitoiJo~ +shy bu Cl ~-N[l 73 76

--4 l 81 iampSbull ---- I

middotL f 22 eo 86 43 )

18 49_ (~ OS~wCI

middot tlfyl-middot i68 106

1i 31 46i k l

6 (

i

108 79 I

t

~ Q~l8ff~~tlt

~

87

6

172

203

12

r 136 4

~ 01 ci

81

90

liS

109

=shy us 104

I

-=shyhrd ) 10

113 ~

97

0

sol middot s4

42 ~

63 97

73 65

71 I

81

27

25

)

~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

37 4

Harbor seal Knight I Helicopter survey 27 June 1973

31 48 Sl

Sl 31

r rlty

JI )shyScale - 180000 Total seals = 237 Hauled out on land

1 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot83

lSI

I 140

2

_dO tigte G

5 2 252 239

--M 241 235

~ 211 ~ ~ ~ (chJrf 8523)

middot

middotmiddot 196

~

209 205

~183 tas I

---shy 145

171 138

62 17

20

29 II

4

-1

117 1

112 147

107 90

118

IImiddotPmiddot middotmiddot middot

Harbor seal

Knight I s end Helicopter survey 27 June 1973 Scale- 180000 Total seals = 49 Hauled out onland

3 0 1-

59 37

166

Harbor seal College~rriman Fiords Helicopter survey 29 June 1973 Scale - 1200000 Total seals = 195 HatA1 ed~_pound~~

M63

196 tshy 190 Ql

165 Cl - 201

153 2054y

117 221

224910

J 2 3 1 5

Harbor seal Esther I Skiff helicopter survey 7 29 June 1973 Scale - 1200000 Total seals = 34 Hauled out on land

4gt

I j ~

160

l6

h

220

~smiddot- middot

2ZC

84middot I 7) co(746 I 129 middot~ r~ 106

131 Cl 134 132 61- fll 10a 117 198 bull -- -- - middot- 35

rmiddottibullbulll --23-1 - middot148 IJO )7 -middotmiddot - - I flO

Jlr ~-~middot 2 1 2

bullG~ ll5 l 117

~ 13-

11$ St

0 128 aI rh

IU ~liD M I 12

5

2~ 203

69 8

9$

65

~ 1113

I ~~7

214 180

middotmiddot- p 99

106 147

middotmiddot 174 middotmiddot

121

I

[I I

95 rlcy Jillmiddot 27 15~ 6l1 ~~ 1 -

j

1~3

~ N I 143

41

89

~ 101

ll8

760

II

IZO

ISO

178

98

M

tbullp 91------57

63 88 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullmiddotmiddotmiddot

------------1~~-~--- ~ - -- ~~~

vmiddot

297 290

gt75 270 198 162 110 175

114 235 123 94 71

17S 317 I121 64

25 127143 - lO

13middotmiddotmiddot middot lfl 3t middotmiddotmiddot 21

bull7 74 68 foul j l~ -1

11 r ------- middot 1 ~ 037 43 54 p33 tl3

11646

IS5 60 middots

476 43 40~

57 51 307

17

rft 16 6G middot -l I

I 410t0533 r~a o 9Y ) _Y sbull 135

ZmiddotrJry_middot 40fo71 -_ll

396l4 is~ s~) 422 I 16 421

43 isbullI ~I 40567 iamp 38714 i i 82

is iIll lfbulli Harbor seal

16~ 96

Perry I19 R2 middot

Fl4soc pound31 bull Helicopter survey136 BCLL j1-

29 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 35 Hal oR Old ~1L~

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

M65 1

1

1

~ 1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Harbor seal Passage -C-Heli anal 29 copter surve

June 197) Y Scale_ 1 bull8Total bull 0 000 H seals - 7

auled out on- - land

middot~

3--~--t-QF-f 3 --~-+--HJL

Harbor seal Blackstone Bay Helicopter survey 29 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 81 Hauled out o-ice

7

I

20

H57 235

251 240

-middot 2gt764 265 2S3I rl-y 2l

260 ~ q

240 130

I

I 2lt I shy1 5 1 2241

189 rllty

i I

I

207

65

175 )

GS

102

18

104 59

IOi 61JgJ-middot r-1pSJ 18 17 7816 II 14

23

~ I 30

2

M 71 14 r--middot ~middot

20 r-~ 16 i

17 ~ 90 J5

103

69 I 2

II I lOS67 I lrY

7216 74 7728 3724 102M

107

55 63 7J

80 ry3618 18

101 47

7343M 6043 18

middot~

57

35

72

50

Harbor seal Naked StoHelicopt rey Peak I 2 er surve

8 June 1973 y5 3 1 Scale_ 1 80 0 T bull 00 otal seals - 14

Hauled shyout on land 9

H58

409 1 3 12 1

1~3 5b

3 CoS

( bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullrtf Iffmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

373

129 320

187

)334

39S 148

Cl

98

t3shy

r gt 121

c~ 9 21

1

31

70

19

56 24

59 -42

67 2 25 1 2

Harbor seal Eleanor Ingot Disk I Helicopter survey 27 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 94 Hauled out on-rand

M59

3-3 303 middot

269 r-J

226 IS

156

14(

IIG 12G

16 Qo 110 It

226 86

5

bull e9

G4 Cl 9

49

66

GG

50

Cl

76

75 63 AI

17 Sl

-7

1

_ ~

Harbor seal Knight ~- end Helicopter survey 27 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 8l Hauled out on-rand

rlty

f 144M

Ill

98

165

ISO

-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot27_ - 33 irlty middotbull~middot 47

4 -~ I shy bull i i 1j 68

middot 64 1 middot-~l middot 1 4~j ampj-middotiliy( 73AI 964S i 70~-middotmiddot w_ Cl -~-4~middot 836 middot i 15 L)Ianning Ria

IS j 16 43 J 48 29 9middotmiddotmiddot middot bu Cl

~5 1 tr 4ft 16riyf

~ bull middot 7 -middotmiddot- 26 198

I 7 69 middot- _44) iZitoiJo~ +shy bu Cl ~-N[l 73 76

--4 l 81 iampSbull ---- I

middotL f 22 eo 86 43 )

18 49_ (~ OS~wCI

middot tlfyl-middot i68 106

1i 31 46i k l

6 (

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108 79 I

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~ Q~l8ff~~tlt

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87

6

172

203

12

r 136 4

~ 01 ci

81

90

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109

=shy us 104

I

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113 ~

97

0

sol middot s4

42 ~

63 97

73 65

71 I

81

27

25

)

~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

37 4

Harbor seal Knight I Helicopter survey 27 June 1973

31 48 Sl

Sl 31

r rlty

JI )shyScale - 180000 Total seals = 237 Hauled out on land

1 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot83

lSI

I 140

2

_dO tigte G

5 2 252 239

--M 241 235

~ 211 ~ ~ ~ (chJrf 8523)

middot

middotmiddot 196

~

209 205

~183 tas I

---shy 145

171 138

62 17

20

29 II

4

-1

117 1

112 147

107 90

118

IImiddotPmiddot middotmiddot middot

Harbor seal

Knight I s end Helicopter survey 27 June 1973 Scale- 180000 Total seals = 49 Hauled out onland

3 0 1-

59 37

166

Harbor seal College~rriman Fiords Helicopter survey 29 June 1973 Scale - 1200000 Total seals = 195 HatA1 ed~_pound~~

M63

196 tshy 190 Ql

165 Cl - 201

153 2054y

117 221

224910

J 2 3 1 5

Harbor seal Esther I Skiff helicopter survey 7 29 June 1973 Scale - 1200000 Total seals = 34 Hauled out on land

4gt

I j ~

160

l6

h

220

~smiddot- middot

2ZC

84middot I 7) co(746 I 129 middot~ r~ 106

131 Cl 134 132 61- fll 10a 117 198 bull -- -- - middot- 35

rmiddottibullbulll --23-1 - middot148 IJO )7 -middotmiddot - - I flO

Jlr ~-~middot 2 1 2

bullG~ ll5 l 117

~ 13-

11$ St

0 128 aI rh

IU ~liD M I 12

5

2~ 203

69 8

9$

65

~ 1113

I ~~7

214 180

middotmiddot- p 99

106 147

middotmiddot 174 middotmiddot

121

I

[I I

95 rlcy Jillmiddot 27 15~ 6l1 ~~ 1 -

j

1~3

~ N I 143

41

89

~ 101

ll8

760

II

IZO

ISO

178

98

M

tbullp 91------57

63 88 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullmiddotmiddotmiddot

------------1~~-~--- ~ - -- ~~~

vmiddot

297 290

gt75 270 198 162 110 175

114 235 123 94 71

17S 317 I121 64

25 127143 - lO

13middotmiddotmiddot middot lfl 3t middotmiddotmiddot 21

bull7 74 68 foul j l~ -1

11 r ------- middot 1 ~ 037 43 54 p33 tl3

11646

IS5 60 middots

476 43 40~

57 51 307

17

rft 16 6G middot -l I

I 410t0533 r~a o 9Y ) _Y sbull 135

ZmiddotrJry_middot 40fo71 -_ll

396l4 is~ s~) 422 I 16 421

43 isbullI ~I 40567 iamp 38714 i i 82

is iIll lfbulli Harbor seal

16~ 96

Perry I19 R2 middot

Fl4soc pound31 bull Helicopter survey136 BCLL j1-

29 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 35 Hal oR Old ~1L~

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

M65 1

1

1

~ 1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Harbor seal Passage -C-Heli anal 29 copter surve

June 197) Y Scale_ 1 bull8Total bull 0 000 H seals - 7

auled out on- - land

middot~

3--~--t-QF-f 3 --~-+--HJL

Harbor seal Blackstone Bay Helicopter survey 29 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 81 Hauled out o-ice

H58

409 1 3 12 1

1~3 5b

3 CoS

( bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullbullbullrtf Iffmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

373

129 320

187

)334

39S 148

Cl

98

t3shy

r gt 121

c~ 9 21

1

31

70

19

56 24

59 -42

67 2 25 1 2

Harbor seal Eleanor Ingot Disk I Helicopter survey 27 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 94 Hauled out on-rand

M59

3-3 303 middot

269 r-J

226 IS

156

14(

IIG 12G

16 Qo 110 It

226 86

5

bull e9

G4 Cl 9

49

66

GG

50

Cl

76

75 63 AI

17 Sl

-7

1

_ ~

Harbor seal Knight ~- end Helicopter survey 27 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 8l Hauled out on-rand

rlty

f 144M

Ill

98

165

ISO

-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot27_ - 33 irlty middotbull~middot 47

4 -~ I shy bull i i 1j 68

middot 64 1 middot-~l middot 1 4~j ampj-middotiliy( 73AI 964S i 70~-middotmiddot w_ Cl -~-4~middot 836 middot i 15 L)Ianning Ria

IS j 16 43 J 48 29 9middotmiddotmiddot middot bu Cl

~5 1 tr 4ft 16riyf

~ bull middot 7 -middotmiddot- 26 198

I 7 69 middot- _44) iZitoiJo~ +shy bu Cl ~-N[l 73 76

--4 l 81 iampSbull ---- I

middotL f 22 eo 86 43 )

18 49_ (~ OS~wCI

middot tlfyl-middot i68 106

1i 31 46i k l

6 (

i

108 79 I

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~ Q~l8ff~~tlt

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87

6

172

203

12

r 136 4

~ 01 ci

81

90

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109

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113 ~

97

0

sol middot s4

42 ~

63 97

73 65

71 I

81

27

25

)

~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

37 4

Harbor seal Knight I Helicopter survey 27 June 1973

31 48 Sl

Sl 31

r rlty

JI )shyScale - 180000 Total seals = 237 Hauled out on land

1 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot83

lSI

I 140

2

_dO tigte G

5 2 252 239

--M 241 235

~ 211 ~ ~ ~ (chJrf 8523)

middot

middotmiddot 196

~

209 205

~183 tas I

---shy 145

171 138

62 17

20

29 II

4

-1

117 1

112 147

107 90

118

IImiddotPmiddot middotmiddot middot

Harbor seal

Knight I s end Helicopter survey 27 June 1973 Scale- 180000 Total seals = 49 Hauled out onland

3 0 1-

59 37

166

Harbor seal College~rriman Fiords Helicopter survey 29 June 1973 Scale - 1200000 Total seals = 195 HatA1 ed~_pound~~

M63

196 tshy 190 Ql

165 Cl - 201

153 2054y

117 221

224910

J 2 3 1 5

Harbor seal Esther I Skiff helicopter survey 7 29 June 1973 Scale - 1200000 Total seals = 34 Hauled out on land

4gt

I j ~

160

l6

h

220

~smiddot- middot

2ZC

84middot I 7) co(746 I 129 middot~ r~ 106

131 Cl 134 132 61- fll 10a 117 198 bull -- -- - middot- 35

rmiddottibullbulll --23-1 - middot148 IJO )7 -middotmiddot - - I flO

Jlr ~-~middot 2 1 2

bullG~ ll5 l 117

~ 13-

11$ St

0 128 aI rh

IU ~liD M I 12

5

2~ 203

69 8

9$

65

~ 1113

I ~~7

214 180

middotmiddot- p 99

106 147

middotmiddot 174 middotmiddot

121

I

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95 rlcy Jillmiddot 27 15~ 6l1 ~~ 1 -

j

1~3

~ N I 143

41

89

~ 101

ll8

760

II

IZO

ISO

178

98

M

tbullp 91------57

63 88 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullmiddotmiddotmiddot

------------1~~-~--- ~ - -- ~~~

vmiddot

297 290

gt75 270 198 162 110 175

114 235 123 94 71

17S 317 I121 64

25 127143 - lO

13middotmiddotmiddot middot lfl 3t middotmiddotmiddot 21

bull7 74 68 foul j l~ -1

11 r ------- middot 1 ~ 037 43 54 p33 tl3

11646

IS5 60 middots

476 43 40~

57 51 307

17

rft 16 6G middot -l I

I 410t0533 r~a o 9Y ) _Y sbull 135

ZmiddotrJry_middot 40fo71 -_ll

396l4 is~ s~) 422 I 16 421

43 isbullI ~I 40567 iamp 38714 i i 82

is iIll lfbulli Harbor seal

16~ 96

Perry I19 R2 middot

Fl4soc pound31 bull Helicopter survey136 BCLL j1-

29 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 35 Hal oR Old ~1L~

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

M65 1

1

1

~ 1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Harbor seal Passage -C-Heli anal 29 copter surve

June 197) Y Scale_ 1 bull8Total bull 0 000 H seals - 7

auled out on- - land

middot~

3--~--t-QF-f 3 --~-+--HJL

Harbor seal Blackstone Bay Helicopter survey 29 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 81 Hauled out o-ice

M59

3-3 303 middot

269 r-J

226 IS

156

14(

IIG 12G

16 Qo 110 It

226 86

5

bull e9

G4 Cl 9

49

66

GG

50

Cl

76

75 63 AI

17 Sl

-7

1

_ ~

Harbor seal Knight ~- end Helicopter survey 27 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 8l Hauled out on-rand

rlty

f 144M

Ill

98

165

ISO

-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot27_ - 33 irlty middotbull~middot 47

4 -~ I shy bull i i 1j 68

middot 64 1 middot-~l middot 1 4~j ampj-middotiliy( 73AI 964S i 70~-middotmiddot w_ Cl -~-4~middot 836 middot i 15 L)Ianning Ria

IS j 16 43 J 48 29 9middotmiddotmiddot middot bu Cl

~5 1 tr 4ft 16riyf

~ bull middot 7 -middotmiddot- 26 198

I 7 69 middot- _44) iZitoiJo~ +shy bu Cl ~-N[l 73 76

--4 l 81 iampSbull ---- I

middotL f 22 eo 86 43 )

18 49_ (~ OS~wCI

middot tlfyl-middot i68 106

1i 31 46i k l

6 (

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108 79 I

t

~ Q~l8ff~~tlt

~

87

6

172

203

12

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~ 01 ci

81

90

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109

=shy us 104

I

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113 ~

97

0

sol middot s4

42 ~

63 97

73 65

71 I

81

27

25

)

~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

37 4

Harbor seal Knight I Helicopter survey 27 June 1973

31 48 Sl

Sl 31

r rlty

JI )shyScale - 180000 Total seals = 237 Hauled out on land

1 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot83

lSI

I 140

2

_dO tigte G

5 2 252 239

--M 241 235

~ 211 ~ ~ ~ (chJrf 8523)

middot

middotmiddot 196

~

209 205

~183 tas I

---shy 145

171 138

62 17

20

29 II

4

-1

117 1

112 147

107 90

118

IImiddotPmiddot middotmiddot middot

Harbor seal

Knight I s end Helicopter survey 27 June 1973 Scale- 180000 Total seals = 49 Hauled out onland

3 0 1-

59 37

166

Harbor seal College~rriman Fiords Helicopter survey 29 June 1973 Scale - 1200000 Total seals = 195 HatA1 ed~_pound~~

M63

196 tshy 190 Ql

165 Cl - 201

153 2054y

117 221

224910

J 2 3 1 5

Harbor seal Esther I Skiff helicopter survey 7 29 June 1973 Scale - 1200000 Total seals = 34 Hauled out on land

4gt

I j ~

160

l6

h

220

~smiddot- middot

2ZC

84middot I 7) co(746 I 129 middot~ r~ 106

131 Cl 134 132 61- fll 10a 117 198 bull -- -- - middot- 35

rmiddottibullbulll --23-1 - middot148 IJO )7 -middotmiddot - - I flO

Jlr ~-~middot 2 1 2

bullG~ ll5 l 117

~ 13-

11$ St

0 128 aI rh

IU ~liD M I 12

5

2~ 203

69 8

9$

65

~ 1113

I ~~7

214 180

middotmiddot- p 99

106 147

middotmiddot 174 middotmiddot

121

I

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95 rlcy Jillmiddot 27 15~ 6l1 ~~ 1 -

j

1~3

~ N I 143

41

89

~ 101

ll8

760

II

IZO

ISO

178

98

M

tbullp 91------57

63 88 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullmiddotmiddotmiddot

------------1~~-~--- ~ - -- ~~~

vmiddot

297 290

gt75 270 198 162 110 175

114 235 123 94 71

17S 317 I121 64

25 127143 - lO

13middotmiddotmiddot middot lfl 3t middotmiddotmiddot 21

bull7 74 68 foul j l~ -1

11 r ------- middot 1 ~ 037 43 54 p33 tl3

11646

IS5 60 middots

476 43 40~

57 51 307

17

rft 16 6G middot -l I

I 410t0533 r~a o 9Y ) _Y sbull 135

ZmiddotrJry_middot 40fo71 -_ll

396l4 is~ s~) 422 I 16 421

43 isbullI ~I 40567 iamp 38714 i i 82

is iIll lfbulli Harbor seal

16~ 96

Perry I19 R2 middot

Fl4soc pound31 bull Helicopter survey136 BCLL j1-

29 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 35 Hal oR Old ~1L~

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

M65 1

1

1

~ 1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Harbor seal Passage -C-Heli anal 29 copter surve

June 197) Y Scale_ 1 bull8Total bull 0 000 H seals - 7

auled out on- - land

middot~

3--~--t-QF-f 3 --~-+--HJL

Harbor seal Blackstone Bay Helicopter survey 29 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 81 Hauled out o-ice

rlty

f 144M

Ill

98

165

ISO

-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot27_ - 33 irlty middotbull~middot 47

4 -~ I shy bull i i 1j 68

middot 64 1 middot-~l middot 1 4~j ampj-middotiliy( 73AI 964S i 70~-middotmiddot w_ Cl -~-4~middot 836 middot i 15 L)Ianning Ria

IS j 16 43 J 48 29 9middotmiddotmiddot middot bu Cl

~5 1 tr 4ft 16riyf

~ bull middot 7 -middotmiddot- 26 198

I 7 69 middot- _44) iZitoiJo~ +shy bu Cl ~-N[l 73 76

--4 l 81 iampSbull ---- I

middotL f 22 eo 86 43 )

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1i 31 46i k l

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108 79 I

t

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87

6

172

203

12

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109

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I

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113 ~

97

0

sol middot s4

42 ~

63 97

73 65

71 I

81

27

25

)

~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

37 4

Harbor seal Knight I Helicopter survey 27 June 1973

31 48 Sl

Sl 31

r rlty

JI )shyScale - 180000 Total seals = 237 Hauled out on land

1 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot83

lSI

I 140

2

_dO tigte G

5 2 252 239

--M 241 235

~ 211 ~ ~ ~ (chJrf 8523)

middot

middotmiddot 196

~

209 205

~183 tas I

---shy 145

171 138

62 17

20

29 II

4

-1

117 1

112 147

107 90

118

IImiddotPmiddot middotmiddot middot

Harbor seal

Knight I s end Helicopter survey 27 June 1973 Scale- 180000 Total seals = 49 Hauled out onland

3 0 1-

59 37

166

Harbor seal College~rriman Fiords Helicopter survey 29 June 1973 Scale - 1200000 Total seals = 195 HatA1 ed~_pound~~

M63

196 tshy 190 Ql

165 Cl - 201

153 2054y

117 221

224910

J 2 3 1 5

Harbor seal Esther I Skiff helicopter survey 7 29 June 1973 Scale - 1200000 Total seals = 34 Hauled out on land

4gt

I j ~

160

l6

h

220

~smiddot- middot

2ZC

84middot I 7) co(746 I 129 middot~ r~ 106

131 Cl 134 132 61- fll 10a 117 198 bull -- -- - middot- 35

rmiddottibullbulll --23-1 - middot148 IJO )7 -middotmiddot - - I flO

Jlr ~-~middot 2 1 2

bullG~ ll5 l 117

~ 13-

11$ St

0 128 aI rh

IU ~liD M I 12

5

2~ 203

69 8

9$

65

~ 1113

I ~~7

214 180

middotmiddot- p 99

106 147

middotmiddot 174 middotmiddot

121

I

[I I

95 rlcy Jillmiddot 27 15~ 6l1 ~~ 1 -

j

1~3

~ N I 143

41

89

~ 101

ll8

760

II

IZO

ISO

178

98

M

tbullp 91------57

63 88 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotbullmiddotmiddotmiddot

------------1~~-~--- ~ - -- ~~~

vmiddot

297 290

gt75 270 198 162 110 175

114 235 123 94 71

17S 317 I121 64

25 127143 - lO

13middotmiddotmiddot middot lfl 3t middotmiddotmiddot 21

bull7 74 68 foul j l~ -1

11 r ------- middot 1 ~ 037 43 54 p33 tl3

11646

IS5 60 middots

476 43 40~

57 51 307

17

rft 16 6G middot -l I

I 410t0533 r~a o 9Y ) _Y sbull 135

ZmiddotrJry_middot 40fo71 -_ll

396l4 is~ s~) 422 I 16 421

43 isbullI ~I 40567 iamp 38714 i i 82

is iIll lfbulli Harbor seal

16~ 96

Perry I19 R2 middot

Fl4soc pound31 bull Helicopter survey136 BCLL j1-

29 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 35 Hal oR Old ~1L~

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

M65 1

1

1

~ 1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Harbor seal Passage -C-Heli anal 29 copter surve

June 197) Y Scale_ 1 bull8Total bull 0 000 H seals - 7

auled out on- - land

middot~

3--~--t-QF-f 3 --~-+--HJL

Harbor seal Blackstone Bay Helicopter survey 29 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 81 Hauled out o-ice

1 middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot83

lSI

I 140

2

_dO tigte G

5 2 252 239

--M 241 235

~ 211 ~ ~ ~ (chJrf 8523)

middot

middotmiddot 196

~

209 205

~183 tas I

---shy 145

171 138

62 17

20

29 II

4

-1

117 1

112 147

107 90

118

IImiddotPmiddot middotmiddot middot

Harbor seal

Knight I s end Helicopter survey 27 June 1973 Scale- 180000 Total seals = 49 Hauled out onland

3 0 1-

59 37

166

Harbor seal College~rriman Fiords Helicopter survey 29 June 1973 Scale - 1200000 Total seals = 195 HatA1 ed~_pound~~

M63

196 tshy 190 Ql

165 Cl - 201

153 2054y

117 221

224910

J 2 3 1 5

Harbor seal Esther I Skiff helicopter survey 7 29 June 1973 Scale - 1200000 Total seals = 34 Hauled out on land

4gt

I j ~

160

l6

h

220

~smiddot- middot

2ZC

84middot I 7) co(746 I 129 middot~ r~ 106

131 Cl 134 132 61- fll 10a 117 198 bull -- -- - middot- 35

rmiddottibullbulll --23-1 - middot148 IJO )7 -middotmiddot - - I flO

Jlr ~-~middot 2 1 2

bullG~ ll5 l 117

~ 13-

11$ St

0 128 aI rh

IU ~liD M I 12

5

2~ 203

69 8

9$

65

~ 1113

I ~~7

214 180

middotmiddot- p 99

106 147

middotmiddot 174 middotmiddot

121

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Harbor seal Blackstone Bay Helicopter survey 29 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 81 Hauled out o-ice

59 37

166

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196 tshy 190 Ql

165 Cl - 201

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117 221

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Harbor seal Blackstone Bay Helicopter survey 29 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 81 Hauled out o-ice

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Fl4soc pound31 bull Helicopter survey136 BCLL j1-

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167 112

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u ed out on land 51

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0

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-16shy

MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS

Six minke whales were seen during this survey two near Green I one at Bainbridge I and three just east of Seal I Department biologists have reported this whale as comnon around northwestern Montague I and Passage Canal during the summer

Hunpback whales were seen eight times all in the southwestern portion of the Sound Three were seen in Shelter Bay on Evans I and five were found around Bainbridge I Several other sightings of whales were made which were not identified as to species

Dall and harbor porpoises are both common year around residents of Prince William Sound Numerous observations were made on the survey many of which were not identified as to species because they were offshore from the flight line No distinct pattern of distribution was apparent

A group of at least 40 and possibly as many as 100 killer whales was seen between Evans and Knight I Three were seen in Bass Harbor on Naked I three were seen off the east side of Perry I and one was recorded at Busby I

One adult male fur seal was observed among 17 immature male sea lions on a rock off the southwest end of Elrington Island

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

SUlllller distribution patterns were established for sea otter Montague Green Hinchinbrook Latouche and Elrington I all retain sizable numbers of otters Knight I Naked I and the Knowles Head - Port Gravina area have become well populated in recent years Total population size is estimated at 5000 based on observations of 2015 otters Further investishygations are needed to determine if sexual segregation of sea otters occurs in this area If segregation does occur the pattern needs to be determined and specific use areas identified

Summer distribution of sea lions was found to be almost exclusively limited to five rookeries and hauling ground and to outside waters Counts of sea lions totaled 5134 animals The population is estimated at 6500-7500 Total numbers appear to be about the same as during 1956-57 but an increase was detected at Seal Rocks and a decrease at Lewis I Pup production was low only 246 were recorded Large numbers of imnature animals were seen on the hauling grounds More detailed studies are needed to verify the low pup production This could be done by ground counts of each rookery in late June A marking program on rookeries in Prince William Sound the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak area would provide needed information on degree of interchange and population discreteness

Useful information on harbor seal distribution concentrations and hauling areas was obtained but cannot be considered complete due to shortcomings of the survey technique Major concentration and haul out areas include Controller Bay Copper River Delta Columbia Bay Seal I Applegate Rocks

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9181

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167 112

170 267

267

268 199

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199 268

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257

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12 219

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125 121

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0

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M76

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une 1973 Scale - 1 bull8Total bull 0000

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M77

14

6

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une 1973 Scale _ 1Total se 180000 Ha 1 a s = 208

u ed out on land 51

Hogg

18 1

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ge I icopt 28 er sur June 1973 vey

Scale _ 1 bull Total

180000

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0

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88

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I Harbor seal Port Ba~idge Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 153 Hauled out on land

-16shy

MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS

Six minke whales were seen during this survey two near Green I one at Bainbridge I and three just east of Seal I Department biologists have reported this whale as comnon around northwestern Montague I and Passage Canal during the summer

Hunpback whales were seen eight times all in the southwestern portion of the Sound Three were seen in Shelter Bay on Evans I and five were found around Bainbridge I Several other sightings of whales were made which were not identified as to species

Dall and harbor porpoises are both common year around residents of Prince William Sound Numerous observations were made on the survey many of which were not identified as to species because they were offshore from the flight line No distinct pattern of distribution was apparent

A group of at least 40 and possibly as many as 100 killer whales was seen between Evans and Knight I Three were seen in Bass Harbor on Naked I three were seen off the east side of Perry I and one was recorded at Busby I

One adult male fur seal was observed among 17 immature male sea lions on a rock off the southwest end of Elrington Island

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

SUlllller distribution patterns were established for sea otter Montague Green Hinchinbrook Latouche and Elrington I all retain sizable numbers of otters Knight I Naked I and the Knowles Head - Port Gravina area have become well populated in recent years Total population size is estimated at 5000 based on observations of 2015 otters Further investishygations are needed to determine if sexual segregation of sea otters occurs in this area If segregation does occur the pattern needs to be determined and specific use areas identified

Summer distribution of sea lions was found to be almost exclusively limited to five rookeries and hauling ground and to outside waters Counts of sea lions totaled 5134 animals The population is estimated at 6500-7500 Total numbers appear to be about the same as during 1956-57 but an increase was detected at Seal Rocks and a decrease at Lewis I Pup production was low only 246 were recorded Large numbers of imnature animals were seen on the hauling grounds More detailed studies are needed to verify the low pup production This could be done by ground counts of each rookery in late June A marking program on rookeries in Prince William Sound the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak area would provide needed information on degree of interchange and population discreteness

Useful information on harbor seal distribution concentrations and hauling areas was obtained but cannot be considered complete due to shortcomings of the survey technique Major concentration and haul out areas include Controller Bay Copper River Delta Columbia Bay Seal I Applegate Rocks

201 252

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251

251

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102 IS6

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252 252 252

252

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213

253

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29 Jun~ i~~~oooScale _ 21

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19

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0

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151

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198 I ~ i N~3r

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2~

90 Scale - 180000

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~I 33 14 Gs Hauled out on-Iand

-~9 12 sli~middot~15 j deg

~YCrf middot l

Tiger G

M73

9181

90 90

I

-Harbor seal Icy Bay Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 78 Hauled out on-rand Hauled out on ice

167 112

170 267

267

268 199

IJli 268 middot

199 268

2GB o lP bull

~~7

257

136

267 amp ~

268 179~ --_

167 243 Jfi7 14

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145 212 215

12 219

161

125 121

Harbor seal Whale Bay Bainbridge Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals - 97 Hauled out on-Yand

0

3DVVDJH

M75

72no J4

II 71

~

3

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bull 18

Harbor seal LatoucheL Helicopter survey 27 June 1973 Scale - 180gt000 Total seals = 382 Hauled out on land

M76

l

1

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Harbor seal Elrington I Helicopt bull27 J er Survey

une 1973 Scale - 1 bull8Total bull 0000

Hauled out on- land~~~~~~~~~~~R~ ~~s=SO-

M77

14

6

Harbor seal Evans Imiddot-Helico27 J pter survey

une 1973 Scale _ 1Total se 180000 Ha 1 a s = 208

u ed out on land 51

Hogg

18 1

Habor seal Ba1nbrid--Hel

ge I icopt 28 er sur June 1973 vey

Scale _ 1 bull Total

180000

Ha sea s = 27 uled out -on land

0

M79

as 30

88

j 148

14~ 146

104

~ 144

(j

~ 147

135 12490

~ 147 s 129

146 143

~ Illy

~middot 148

149

149 49 141

~ 148

147 ~ ~

147 149

Q

140 149

152

148 145

147

149 107

133 120

123

97 117

120 Illy83 l

113

45 32 5 2 l 6 6

108 122 106 62 middot IVI rd

N

80

95 94

90

as 89

aa 87

88 7

90

97 87

ti bullbullmiddotY

31 3middotmiddotmiddot bullbull~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot I87

I Harbor seal Port Ba~idge Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 153 Hauled out on land

-16shy

MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS

Six minke whales were seen during this survey two near Green I one at Bainbridge I and three just east of Seal I Department biologists have reported this whale as comnon around northwestern Montague I and Passage Canal during the summer

Hunpback whales were seen eight times all in the southwestern portion of the Sound Three were seen in Shelter Bay on Evans I and five were found around Bainbridge I Several other sightings of whales were made which were not identified as to species

Dall and harbor porpoises are both common year around residents of Prince William Sound Numerous observations were made on the survey many of which were not identified as to species because they were offshore from the flight line No distinct pattern of distribution was apparent

A group of at least 40 and possibly as many as 100 killer whales was seen between Evans and Knight I Three were seen in Bass Harbor on Naked I three were seen off the east side of Perry I and one was recorded at Busby I

One adult male fur seal was observed among 17 immature male sea lions on a rock off the southwest end of Elrington Island

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

SUlllller distribution patterns were established for sea otter Montague Green Hinchinbrook Latouche and Elrington I all retain sizable numbers of otters Knight I Naked I and the Knowles Head - Port Gravina area have become well populated in recent years Total population size is estimated at 5000 based on observations of 2015 otters Further investishygations are needed to determine if sexual segregation of sea otters occurs in this area If segregation does occur the pattern needs to be determined and specific use areas identified

Summer distribution of sea lions was found to be almost exclusively limited to five rookeries and hauling ground and to outside waters Counts of sea lions totaled 5134 animals The population is estimated at 6500-7500 Total numbers appear to be about the same as during 1956-57 but an increase was detected at Seal Rocks and a decrease at Lewis I Pup production was low only 246 were recorded Large numbers of imnature animals were seen on the hauling grounds More detailed studies are needed to verify the low pup production This could be done by ground counts of each rookery in late June A marking program on rookeries in Prince William Sound the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak area would provide needed information on degree of interchange and population discreteness

Useful information on harbor seal distribution concentrations and hauling areas was obtained but cannot be considered complete due to shortcomings of the survey technique Major concentration and haul out areas include Controller Bay Copper River Delta Columbia Bay Seal I Applegate Rocks

middot M71

0

J

)

to

~ 280

--

151

l

145 149

126 rky

IOJ

14 rky

74

r

ZI

17

ZI

36 ~_I

fl r7 41 11

13

25 83

4Z

8Z 34

91

7lOS

1

I I

209 I I I

225 208 I

I

209 223 I 11sr I

198 I ~ i N~3r

~ -bull

~ Harbor seal7 17middotmiddot Chenega--Yshy

L Helicopter survey 5~ -g-c----~c-- 27 June 1973

2~

90 Scale - 180000

151I 88 19 160 Total seals 683f 141

~I 33 14 Gs Hauled out on-Iand

-~9 12 sli~middot~15 j deg

~YCrf middot l

Tiger G

M73

9181

90 90

I

-Harbor seal Icy Bay Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 78 Hauled out on-rand Hauled out on ice

167 112

170 267

267

268 199

IJli 268 middot

199 268

2GB o lP bull

~~7

257

136

267 amp ~

268 179~ --_

167 243 Jfi7 14

xJM Sh

145 212 215

12 219

161

125 121

Harbor seal Whale Bay Bainbridge Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals - 97 Hauled out on-Yand

0

3DVVDJH

M75

72no J4

II 71

~

3

ll2

bull 18

Harbor seal LatoucheL Helicopter survey 27 June 1973 Scale - 180gt000 Total seals = 382 Hauled out on land

M76

l

1

J

Harbor seal Elrington I Helicopt bull27 J er Survey

une 1973 Scale - 1 bull8Total bull 0000

Hauled out on- land~~~~~~~~~~~R~ ~~s=SO-

M77

14

6

Harbor seal Evans Imiddot-Helico27 J pter survey

une 1973 Scale _ 1Total se 180000 Ha 1 a s = 208

u ed out on land 51

Hogg

18 1

Habor seal Ba1nbrid--Hel

ge I icopt 28 er sur June 1973 vey

Scale _ 1 bull Total

180000

Ha sea s = 27 uled out -on land

0

M79

as 30

88

j 148

14~ 146

104

~ 144

(j

~ 147

135 12490

~ 147 s 129

146 143

~ Illy

~middot 148

149

149 49 141

~ 148

147 ~ ~

147 149

Q

140 149

152

148 145

147

149 107

133 120

123

97 117

120 Illy83 l

113

45 32 5 2 l 6 6

108 122 106 62 middot IVI rd

N

80

95 94

90

as 89

aa 87

88 7

90

97 87

ti bullbullmiddotY

31 3middotmiddotmiddot bullbull~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot I87

I Harbor seal Port Ba~idge Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 153 Hauled out on land

-16shy

MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS

Six minke whales were seen during this survey two near Green I one at Bainbridge I and three just east of Seal I Department biologists have reported this whale as comnon around northwestern Montague I and Passage Canal during the summer

Hunpback whales were seen eight times all in the southwestern portion of the Sound Three were seen in Shelter Bay on Evans I and five were found around Bainbridge I Several other sightings of whales were made which were not identified as to species

Dall and harbor porpoises are both common year around residents of Prince William Sound Numerous observations were made on the survey many of which were not identified as to species because they were offshore from the flight line No distinct pattern of distribution was apparent

A group of at least 40 and possibly as many as 100 killer whales was seen between Evans and Knight I Three were seen in Bass Harbor on Naked I three were seen off the east side of Perry I and one was recorded at Busby I

One adult male fur seal was observed among 17 immature male sea lions on a rock off the southwest end of Elrington Island

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

SUlllller distribution patterns were established for sea otter Montague Green Hinchinbrook Latouche and Elrington I all retain sizable numbers of otters Knight I Naked I and the Knowles Head - Port Gravina area have become well populated in recent years Total population size is estimated at 5000 based on observations of 2015 otters Further investishygations are needed to determine if sexual segregation of sea otters occurs in this area If segregation does occur the pattern needs to be determined and specific use areas identified

Summer distribution of sea lions was found to be almost exclusively limited to five rookeries and hauling ground and to outside waters Counts of sea lions totaled 5134 animals The population is estimated at 6500-7500 Total numbers appear to be about the same as during 1956-57 but an increase was detected at Seal Rocks and a decrease at Lewis I Pup production was low only 246 were recorded Large numbers of imnature animals were seen on the hauling grounds More detailed studies are needed to verify the low pup production This could be done by ground counts of each rookery in late June A marking program on rookeries in Prince William Sound the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak area would provide needed information on degree of interchange and population discreteness

Useful information on harbor seal distribution concentrations and hauling areas was obtained but cannot be considered complete due to shortcomings of the survey technique Major concentration and haul out areas include Controller Bay Copper River Delta Columbia Bay Seal I Applegate Rocks

1

I I

209 I I I

225 208 I

I

209 223 I 11sr I

198 I ~ i N~3r

~ -bull

~ Harbor seal7 17middotmiddot Chenega--Yshy

L Helicopter survey 5~ -g-c----~c-- 27 June 1973

2~

90 Scale - 180000

151I 88 19 160 Total seals 683f 141

~I 33 14 Gs Hauled out on-Iand

-~9 12 sli~middot~15 j deg

~YCrf middot l

Tiger G

M73

9181

90 90

I

-Harbor seal Icy Bay Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 78 Hauled out on-rand Hauled out on ice

167 112

170 267

267

268 199

IJli 268 middot

199 268

2GB o lP bull

~~7

257

136

267 amp ~

268 179~ --_

167 243 Jfi7 14

xJM Sh

145 212 215

12 219

161

125 121

Harbor seal Whale Bay Bainbridge Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals - 97 Hauled out on-Yand

0

3DVVDJH

M75

72no J4

II 71

~

3

ll2

bull 18

Harbor seal LatoucheL Helicopter survey 27 June 1973 Scale - 180gt000 Total seals = 382 Hauled out on land

M76

l

1

J

Harbor seal Elrington I Helicopt bull27 J er Survey

une 1973 Scale - 1 bull8Total bull 0000

Hauled out on- land~~~~~~~~~~~R~ ~~s=SO-

M77

14

6

Harbor seal Evans Imiddot-Helico27 J pter survey

une 1973 Scale _ 1Total se 180000 Ha 1 a s = 208

u ed out on land 51

Hogg

18 1

Habor seal Ba1nbrid--Hel

ge I icopt 28 er sur June 1973 vey

Scale _ 1 bull Total

180000

Ha sea s = 27 uled out -on land

0

M79

as 30

88

j 148

14~ 146

104

~ 144

(j

~ 147

135 12490

~ 147 s 129

146 143

~ Illy

~middot 148

149

149 49 141

~ 148

147 ~ ~

147 149

Q

140 149

152

148 145

147

149 107

133 120

123

97 117

120 Illy83 l

113

45 32 5 2 l 6 6

108 122 106 62 middot IVI rd

N

80

95 94

90

as 89

aa 87

88 7

90

97 87

ti bullbullmiddotY

31 3middotmiddotmiddot bullbull~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot I87

I Harbor seal Port Ba~idge Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 153 Hauled out on land

-16shy

MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS

Six minke whales were seen during this survey two near Green I one at Bainbridge I and three just east of Seal I Department biologists have reported this whale as comnon around northwestern Montague I and Passage Canal during the summer

Hunpback whales were seen eight times all in the southwestern portion of the Sound Three were seen in Shelter Bay on Evans I and five were found around Bainbridge I Several other sightings of whales were made which were not identified as to species

Dall and harbor porpoises are both common year around residents of Prince William Sound Numerous observations were made on the survey many of which were not identified as to species because they were offshore from the flight line No distinct pattern of distribution was apparent

A group of at least 40 and possibly as many as 100 killer whales was seen between Evans and Knight I Three were seen in Bass Harbor on Naked I three were seen off the east side of Perry I and one was recorded at Busby I

One adult male fur seal was observed among 17 immature male sea lions on a rock off the southwest end of Elrington Island

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

SUlllller distribution patterns were established for sea otter Montague Green Hinchinbrook Latouche and Elrington I all retain sizable numbers of otters Knight I Naked I and the Knowles Head - Port Gravina area have become well populated in recent years Total population size is estimated at 5000 based on observations of 2015 otters Further investishygations are needed to determine if sexual segregation of sea otters occurs in this area If segregation does occur the pattern needs to be determined and specific use areas identified

Summer distribution of sea lions was found to be almost exclusively limited to five rookeries and hauling ground and to outside waters Counts of sea lions totaled 5134 animals The population is estimated at 6500-7500 Total numbers appear to be about the same as during 1956-57 but an increase was detected at Seal Rocks and a decrease at Lewis I Pup production was low only 246 were recorded Large numbers of imnature animals were seen on the hauling grounds More detailed studies are needed to verify the low pup production This could be done by ground counts of each rookery in late June A marking program on rookeries in Prince William Sound the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak area would provide needed information on degree of interchange and population discreteness

Useful information on harbor seal distribution concentrations and hauling areas was obtained but cannot be considered complete due to shortcomings of the survey technique Major concentration and haul out areas include Controller Bay Copper River Delta Columbia Bay Seal I Applegate Rocks

Tiger G

M73

9181

90 90

I

-Harbor seal Icy Bay Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 78 Hauled out on-rand Hauled out on ice

167 112

170 267

267

268 199

IJli 268 middot

199 268

2GB o lP bull

~~7

257

136

267 amp ~

268 179~ --_

167 243 Jfi7 14

xJM Sh

145 212 215

12 219

161

125 121

Harbor seal Whale Bay Bainbridge Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals - 97 Hauled out on-Yand

0

3DVVDJH

M75

72no J4

II 71

~

3

ll2

bull 18

Harbor seal LatoucheL Helicopter survey 27 June 1973 Scale - 180gt000 Total seals = 382 Hauled out on land

M76

l

1

J

Harbor seal Elrington I Helicopt bull27 J er Survey

une 1973 Scale - 1 bull8Total bull 0000

Hauled out on- land~~~~~~~~~~~R~ ~~s=SO-

M77

14

6

Harbor seal Evans Imiddot-Helico27 J pter survey

une 1973 Scale _ 1Total se 180000 Ha 1 a s = 208

u ed out on land 51

Hogg

18 1

Habor seal Ba1nbrid--Hel

ge I icopt 28 er sur June 1973 vey

Scale _ 1 bull Total

180000

Ha sea s = 27 uled out -on land

0

M79

as 30

88

j 148

14~ 146

104

~ 144

(j

~ 147

135 12490

~ 147 s 129

146 143

~ Illy

~middot 148

149

149 49 141

~ 148

147 ~ ~

147 149

Q

140 149

152

148 145

147

149 107

133 120

123

97 117

120 Illy83 l

113

45 32 5 2 l 6 6

108 122 106 62 middot IVI rd

N

80

95 94

90

as 89

aa 87

88 7

90

97 87

ti bullbullmiddotY

31 3middotmiddotmiddot bullbull~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot I87

I Harbor seal Port Ba~idge Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 153 Hauled out on land

-16shy

MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS

Six minke whales were seen during this survey two near Green I one at Bainbridge I and three just east of Seal I Department biologists have reported this whale as comnon around northwestern Montague I and Passage Canal during the summer

Hunpback whales were seen eight times all in the southwestern portion of the Sound Three were seen in Shelter Bay on Evans I and five were found around Bainbridge I Several other sightings of whales were made which were not identified as to species

Dall and harbor porpoises are both common year around residents of Prince William Sound Numerous observations were made on the survey many of which were not identified as to species because they were offshore from the flight line No distinct pattern of distribution was apparent

A group of at least 40 and possibly as many as 100 killer whales was seen between Evans and Knight I Three were seen in Bass Harbor on Naked I three were seen off the east side of Perry I and one was recorded at Busby I

One adult male fur seal was observed among 17 immature male sea lions on a rock off the southwest end of Elrington Island

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

SUlllller distribution patterns were established for sea otter Montague Green Hinchinbrook Latouche and Elrington I all retain sizable numbers of otters Knight I Naked I and the Knowles Head - Port Gravina area have become well populated in recent years Total population size is estimated at 5000 based on observations of 2015 otters Further investishygations are needed to determine if sexual segregation of sea otters occurs in this area If segregation does occur the pattern needs to be determined and specific use areas identified

Summer distribution of sea lions was found to be almost exclusively limited to five rookeries and hauling ground and to outside waters Counts of sea lions totaled 5134 animals The population is estimated at 6500-7500 Total numbers appear to be about the same as during 1956-57 but an increase was detected at Seal Rocks and a decrease at Lewis I Pup production was low only 246 were recorded Large numbers of imnature animals were seen on the hauling grounds More detailed studies are needed to verify the low pup production This could be done by ground counts of each rookery in late June A marking program on rookeries in Prince William Sound the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak area would provide needed information on degree of interchange and population discreteness

Useful information on harbor seal distribution concentrations and hauling areas was obtained but cannot be considered complete due to shortcomings of the survey technique Major concentration and haul out areas include Controller Bay Copper River Delta Columbia Bay Seal I Applegate Rocks

167 112

170 267

267

268 199

IJli 268 middot

199 268

2GB o lP bull

~~7

257

136

267 amp ~

268 179~ --_

167 243 Jfi7 14

xJM Sh

145 212 215

12 219

161

125 121

Harbor seal Whale Bay Bainbridge Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals - 97 Hauled out on-Yand

0

3DVVDJH

M75

72no J4

II 71

~

3

ll2

bull 18

Harbor seal LatoucheL Helicopter survey 27 June 1973 Scale - 180gt000 Total seals = 382 Hauled out on land

M76

l

1

J

Harbor seal Elrington I Helicopt bull27 J er Survey

une 1973 Scale - 1 bull8Total bull 0000

Hauled out on- land~~~~~~~~~~~R~ ~~s=SO-

M77

14

6

Harbor seal Evans Imiddot-Helico27 J pter survey

une 1973 Scale _ 1Total se 180000 Ha 1 a s = 208

u ed out on land 51

Hogg

18 1

Habor seal Ba1nbrid--Hel

ge I icopt 28 er sur June 1973 vey

Scale _ 1 bull Total

180000

Ha sea s = 27 uled out -on land

0

M79

as 30

88

j 148

14~ 146

104

~ 144

(j

~ 147

135 12490

~ 147 s 129

146 143

~ Illy

~middot 148

149

149 49 141

~ 148

147 ~ ~

147 149

Q

140 149

152

148 145

147

149 107

133 120

123

97 117

120 Illy83 l

113

45 32 5 2 l 6 6

108 122 106 62 middot IVI rd

N

80

95 94

90

as 89

aa 87

88 7

90

97 87

ti bullbullmiddotY

31 3middotmiddotmiddot bullbull~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot I87

I Harbor seal Port Ba~idge Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 153 Hauled out on land

-16shy

MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS

Six minke whales were seen during this survey two near Green I one at Bainbridge I and three just east of Seal I Department biologists have reported this whale as comnon around northwestern Montague I and Passage Canal during the summer

Hunpback whales were seen eight times all in the southwestern portion of the Sound Three were seen in Shelter Bay on Evans I and five were found around Bainbridge I Several other sightings of whales were made which were not identified as to species

Dall and harbor porpoises are both common year around residents of Prince William Sound Numerous observations were made on the survey many of which were not identified as to species because they were offshore from the flight line No distinct pattern of distribution was apparent

A group of at least 40 and possibly as many as 100 killer whales was seen between Evans and Knight I Three were seen in Bass Harbor on Naked I three were seen off the east side of Perry I and one was recorded at Busby I

One adult male fur seal was observed among 17 immature male sea lions on a rock off the southwest end of Elrington Island

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

SUlllller distribution patterns were established for sea otter Montague Green Hinchinbrook Latouche and Elrington I all retain sizable numbers of otters Knight I Naked I and the Knowles Head - Port Gravina area have become well populated in recent years Total population size is estimated at 5000 based on observations of 2015 otters Further investishygations are needed to determine if sexual segregation of sea otters occurs in this area If segregation does occur the pattern needs to be determined and specific use areas identified

Summer distribution of sea lions was found to be almost exclusively limited to five rookeries and hauling ground and to outside waters Counts of sea lions totaled 5134 animals The population is estimated at 6500-7500 Total numbers appear to be about the same as during 1956-57 but an increase was detected at Seal Rocks and a decrease at Lewis I Pup production was low only 246 were recorded Large numbers of imnature animals were seen on the hauling grounds More detailed studies are needed to verify the low pup production This could be done by ground counts of each rookery in late June A marking program on rookeries in Prince William Sound the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak area would provide needed information on degree of interchange and population discreteness

Useful information on harbor seal distribution concentrations and hauling areas was obtained but cannot be considered complete due to shortcomings of the survey technique Major concentration and haul out areas include Controller Bay Copper River Delta Columbia Bay Seal I Applegate Rocks

M75

72no J4

II 71

~

3

ll2

bull 18

Harbor seal LatoucheL Helicopter survey 27 June 1973 Scale - 180gt000 Total seals = 382 Hauled out on land

M76

l

1

J

Harbor seal Elrington I Helicopt bull27 J er Survey

une 1973 Scale - 1 bull8Total bull 0000

Hauled out on- land~~~~~~~~~~~R~ ~~s=SO-

M77

14

6

Harbor seal Evans Imiddot-Helico27 J pter survey

une 1973 Scale _ 1Total se 180000 Ha 1 a s = 208

u ed out on land 51

Hogg

18 1

Habor seal Ba1nbrid--Hel

ge I icopt 28 er sur June 1973 vey

Scale _ 1 bull Total

180000

Ha sea s = 27 uled out -on land

0

M79

as 30

88

j 148

14~ 146

104

~ 144

(j

~ 147

135 12490

~ 147 s 129

146 143

~ Illy

~middot 148

149

149 49 141

~ 148

147 ~ ~

147 149

Q

140 149

152

148 145

147

149 107

133 120

123

97 117

120 Illy83 l

113

45 32 5 2 l 6 6

108 122 106 62 middot IVI rd

N

80

95 94

90

as 89

aa 87

88 7

90

97 87

ti bullbullmiddotY

31 3middotmiddotmiddot bullbull~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot I87

I Harbor seal Port Ba~idge Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 153 Hauled out on land

-16shy

MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS

Six minke whales were seen during this survey two near Green I one at Bainbridge I and three just east of Seal I Department biologists have reported this whale as comnon around northwestern Montague I and Passage Canal during the summer

Hunpback whales were seen eight times all in the southwestern portion of the Sound Three were seen in Shelter Bay on Evans I and five were found around Bainbridge I Several other sightings of whales were made which were not identified as to species

Dall and harbor porpoises are both common year around residents of Prince William Sound Numerous observations were made on the survey many of which were not identified as to species because they were offshore from the flight line No distinct pattern of distribution was apparent

A group of at least 40 and possibly as many as 100 killer whales was seen between Evans and Knight I Three were seen in Bass Harbor on Naked I three were seen off the east side of Perry I and one was recorded at Busby I

One adult male fur seal was observed among 17 immature male sea lions on a rock off the southwest end of Elrington Island

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

SUlllller distribution patterns were established for sea otter Montague Green Hinchinbrook Latouche and Elrington I all retain sizable numbers of otters Knight I Naked I and the Knowles Head - Port Gravina area have become well populated in recent years Total population size is estimated at 5000 based on observations of 2015 otters Further investishygations are needed to determine if sexual segregation of sea otters occurs in this area If segregation does occur the pattern needs to be determined and specific use areas identified

Summer distribution of sea lions was found to be almost exclusively limited to five rookeries and hauling ground and to outside waters Counts of sea lions totaled 5134 animals The population is estimated at 6500-7500 Total numbers appear to be about the same as during 1956-57 but an increase was detected at Seal Rocks and a decrease at Lewis I Pup production was low only 246 were recorded Large numbers of imnature animals were seen on the hauling grounds More detailed studies are needed to verify the low pup production This could be done by ground counts of each rookery in late June A marking program on rookeries in Prince William Sound the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak area would provide needed information on degree of interchange and population discreteness

Useful information on harbor seal distribution concentrations and hauling areas was obtained but cannot be considered complete due to shortcomings of the survey technique Major concentration and haul out areas include Controller Bay Copper River Delta Columbia Bay Seal I Applegate Rocks

M76

l

1

J

Harbor seal Elrington I Helicopt bull27 J er Survey

une 1973 Scale - 1 bull8Total bull 0000

Hauled out on- land~~~~~~~~~~~R~ ~~s=SO-

M77

14

6

Harbor seal Evans Imiddot-Helico27 J pter survey

une 1973 Scale _ 1Total se 180000 Ha 1 a s = 208

u ed out on land 51

Hogg

18 1

Habor seal Ba1nbrid--Hel

ge I icopt 28 er sur June 1973 vey

Scale _ 1 bull Total

180000

Ha sea s = 27 uled out -on land

0

M79

as 30

88

j 148

14~ 146

104

~ 144

(j

~ 147

135 12490

~ 147 s 129

146 143

~ Illy

~middot 148

149

149 49 141

~ 148

147 ~ ~

147 149

Q

140 149

152

148 145

147

149 107

133 120

123

97 117

120 Illy83 l

113

45 32 5 2 l 6 6

108 122 106 62 middot IVI rd

N

80

95 94

90

as 89

aa 87

88 7

90

97 87

ti bullbullmiddotY

31 3middotmiddotmiddot bullbull~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot I87

I Harbor seal Port Ba~idge Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 153 Hauled out on land

-16shy

MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS

Six minke whales were seen during this survey two near Green I one at Bainbridge I and three just east of Seal I Department biologists have reported this whale as comnon around northwestern Montague I and Passage Canal during the summer

Hunpback whales were seen eight times all in the southwestern portion of the Sound Three were seen in Shelter Bay on Evans I and five were found around Bainbridge I Several other sightings of whales were made which were not identified as to species

Dall and harbor porpoises are both common year around residents of Prince William Sound Numerous observations were made on the survey many of which were not identified as to species because they were offshore from the flight line No distinct pattern of distribution was apparent

A group of at least 40 and possibly as many as 100 killer whales was seen between Evans and Knight I Three were seen in Bass Harbor on Naked I three were seen off the east side of Perry I and one was recorded at Busby I

One adult male fur seal was observed among 17 immature male sea lions on a rock off the southwest end of Elrington Island

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

SUlllller distribution patterns were established for sea otter Montague Green Hinchinbrook Latouche and Elrington I all retain sizable numbers of otters Knight I Naked I and the Knowles Head - Port Gravina area have become well populated in recent years Total population size is estimated at 5000 based on observations of 2015 otters Further investishygations are needed to determine if sexual segregation of sea otters occurs in this area If segregation does occur the pattern needs to be determined and specific use areas identified

Summer distribution of sea lions was found to be almost exclusively limited to five rookeries and hauling ground and to outside waters Counts of sea lions totaled 5134 animals The population is estimated at 6500-7500 Total numbers appear to be about the same as during 1956-57 but an increase was detected at Seal Rocks and a decrease at Lewis I Pup production was low only 246 were recorded Large numbers of imnature animals were seen on the hauling grounds More detailed studies are needed to verify the low pup production This could be done by ground counts of each rookery in late June A marking program on rookeries in Prince William Sound the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak area would provide needed information on degree of interchange and population discreteness

Useful information on harbor seal distribution concentrations and hauling areas was obtained but cannot be considered complete due to shortcomings of the survey technique Major concentration and haul out areas include Controller Bay Copper River Delta Columbia Bay Seal I Applegate Rocks

M77

14

6

Harbor seal Evans Imiddot-Helico27 J pter survey

une 1973 Scale _ 1Total se 180000 Ha 1 a s = 208

u ed out on land 51

Hogg

18 1

Habor seal Ba1nbrid--Hel

ge I icopt 28 er sur June 1973 vey

Scale _ 1 bull Total

180000

Ha sea s = 27 uled out -on land

0

M79

as 30

88

j 148

14~ 146

104

~ 144

(j

~ 147

135 12490

~ 147 s 129

146 143

~ Illy

~middot 148

149

149 49 141

~ 148

147 ~ ~

147 149

Q

140 149

152

148 145

147

149 107

133 120

123

97 117

120 Illy83 l

113

45 32 5 2 l 6 6

108 122 106 62 middot IVI rd

N

80

95 94

90

as 89

aa 87

88 7

90

97 87

ti bullbullmiddotY

31 3middotmiddotmiddot bullbull~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot I87

I Harbor seal Port Ba~idge Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 153 Hauled out on land

-16shy

MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS

Six minke whales were seen during this survey two near Green I one at Bainbridge I and three just east of Seal I Department biologists have reported this whale as comnon around northwestern Montague I and Passage Canal during the summer

Hunpback whales were seen eight times all in the southwestern portion of the Sound Three were seen in Shelter Bay on Evans I and five were found around Bainbridge I Several other sightings of whales were made which were not identified as to species

Dall and harbor porpoises are both common year around residents of Prince William Sound Numerous observations were made on the survey many of which were not identified as to species because they were offshore from the flight line No distinct pattern of distribution was apparent

A group of at least 40 and possibly as many as 100 killer whales was seen between Evans and Knight I Three were seen in Bass Harbor on Naked I three were seen off the east side of Perry I and one was recorded at Busby I

One adult male fur seal was observed among 17 immature male sea lions on a rock off the southwest end of Elrington Island

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

SUlllller distribution patterns were established for sea otter Montague Green Hinchinbrook Latouche and Elrington I all retain sizable numbers of otters Knight I Naked I and the Knowles Head - Port Gravina area have become well populated in recent years Total population size is estimated at 5000 based on observations of 2015 otters Further investishygations are needed to determine if sexual segregation of sea otters occurs in this area If segregation does occur the pattern needs to be determined and specific use areas identified

Summer distribution of sea lions was found to be almost exclusively limited to five rookeries and hauling ground and to outside waters Counts of sea lions totaled 5134 animals The population is estimated at 6500-7500 Total numbers appear to be about the same as during 1956-57 but an increase was detected at Seal Rocks and a decrease at Lewis I Pup production was low only 246 were recorded Large numbers of imnature animals were seen on the hauling grounds More detailed studies are needed to verify the low pup production This could be done by ground counts of each rookery in late June A marking program on rookeries in Prince William Sound the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak area would provide needed information on degree of interchange and population discreteness

Useful information on harbor seal distribution concentrations and hauling areas was obtained but cannot be considered complete due to shortcomings of the survey technique Major concentration and haul out areas include Controller Bay Copper River Delta Columbia Bay Seal I Applegate Rocks

Hogg

18 1

Habor seal Ba1nbrid--Hel

ge I icopt 28 er sur June 1973 vey

Scale _ 1 bull Total

180000

Ha sea s = 27 uled out -on land

0

M79

as 30

88

j 148

14~ 146

104

~ 144

(j

~ 147

135 12490

~ 147 s 129

146 143

~ Illy

~middot 148

149

149 49 141

~ 148

147 ~ ~

147 149

Q

140 149

152

148 145

147

149 107

133 120

123

97 117

120 Illy83 l

113

45 32 5 2 l 6 6

108 122 106 62 middot IVI rd

N

80

95 94

90

as 89

aa 87

88 7

90

97 87

ti bullbullmiddotY

31 3middotmiddotmiddot bullbull~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot I87

I Harbor seal Port Ba~idge Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 153 Hauled out on land

-16shy

MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS

Six minke whales were seen during this survey two near Green I one at Bainbridge I and three just east of Seal I Department biologists have reported this whale as comnon around northwestern Montague I and Passage Canal during the summer

Hunpback whales were seen eight times all in the southwestern portion of the Sound Three were seen in Shelter Bay on Evans I and five were found around Bainbridge I Several other sightings of whales were made which were not identified as to species

Dall and harbor porpoises are both common year around residents of Prince William Sound Numerous observations were made on the survey many of which were not identified as to species because they were offshore from the flight line No distinct pattern of distribution was apparent

A group of at least 40 and possibly as many as 100 killer whales was seen between Evans and Knight I Three were seen in Bass Harbor on Naked I three were seen off the east side of Perry I and one was recorded at Busby I

One adult male fur seal was observed among 17 immature male sea lions on a rock off the southwest end of Elrington Island

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

SUlllller distribution patterns were established for sea otter Montague Green Hinchinbrook Latouche and Elrington I all retain sizable numbers of otters Knight I Naked I and the Knowles Head - Port Gravina area have become well populated in recent years Total population size is estimated at 5000 based on observations of 2015 otters Further investishygations are needed to determine if sexual segregation of sea otters occurs in this area If segregation does occur the pattern needs to be determined and specific use areas identified

Summer distribution of sea lions was found to be almost exclusively limited to five rookeries and hauling ground and to outside waters Counts of sea lions totaled 5134 animals The population is estimated at 6500-7500 Total numbers appear to be about the same as during 1956-57 but an increase was detected at Seal Rocks and a decrease at Lewis I Pup production was low only 246 were recorded Large numbers of imnature animals were seen on the hauling grounds More detailed studies are needed to verify the low pup production This could be done by ground counts of each rookery in late June A marking program on rookeries in Prince William Sound the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak area would provide needed information on degree of interchange and population discreteness

Useful information on harbor seal distribution concentrations and hauling areas was obtained but cannot be considered complete due to shortcomings of the survey technique Major concentration and haul out areas include Controller Bay Copper River Delta Columbia Bay Seal I Applegate Rocks

M79

as 30

88

j 148

14~ 146

104

~ 144

(j

~ 147

135 12490

~ 147 s 129

146 143

~ Illy

~middot 148

149

149 49 141

~ 148

147 ~ ~

147 149

Q

140 149

152

148 145

147

149 107

133 120

123

97 117

120 Illy83 l

113

45 32 5 2 l 6 6

108 122 106 62 middot IVI rd

N

80

95 94

90

as 89

aa 87

88 7

90

97 87

ti bullbullmiddotY

31 3middotmiddotmiddot bullbull~middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot I87

I Harbor seal Port Ba~idge Helicopter survey 28 June 1973 Scale - 180000 Total seals = 153 Hauled out on land

-16shy

MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS

Six minke whales were seen during this survey two near Green I one at Bainbridge I and three just east of Seal I Department biologists have reported this whale as comnon around northwestern Montague I and Passage Canal during the summer

Hunpback whales were seen eight times all in the southwestern portion of the Sound Three were seen in Shelter Bay on Evans I and five were found around Bainbridge I Several other sightings of whales were made which were not identified as to species

Dall and harbor porpoises are both common year around residents of Prince William Sound Numerous observations were made on the survey many of which were not identified as to species because they were offshore from the flight line No distinct pattern of distribution was apparent

A group of at least 40 and possibly as many as 100 killer whales was seen between Evans and Knight I Three were seen in Bass Harbor on Naked I three were seen off the east side of Perry I and one was recorded at Busby I

One adult male fur seal was observed among 17 immature male sea lions on a rock off the southwest end of Elrington Island

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

SUlllller distribution patterns were established for sea otter Montague Green Hinchinbrook Latouche and Elrington I all retain sizable numbers of otters Knight I Naked I and the Knowles Head - Port Gravina area have become well populated in recent years Total population size is estimated at 5000 based on observations of 2015 otters Further investishygations are needed to determine if sexual segregation of sea otters occurs in this area If segregation does occur the pattern needs to be determined and specific use areas identified

Summer distribution of sea lions was found to be almost exclusively limited to five rookeries and hauling ground and to outside waters Counts of sea lions totaled 5134 animals The population is estimated at 6500-7500 Total numbers appear to be about the same as during 1956-57 but an increase was detected at Seal Rocks and a decrease at Lewis I Pup production was low only 246 were recorded Large numbers of imnature animals were seen on the hauling grounds More detailed studies are needed to verify the low pup production This could be done by ground counts of each rookery in late June A marking program on rookeries in Prince William Sound the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak area would provide needed information on degree of interchange and population discreteness

Useful information on harbor seal distribution concentrations and hauling areas was obtained but cannot be considered complete due to shortcomings of the survey technique Major concentration and haul out areas include Controller Bay Copper River Delta Columbia Bay Seal I Applegate Rocks

-16shy

MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS

Six minke whales were seen during this survey two near Green I one at Bainbridge I and three just east of Seal I Department biologists have reported this whale as comnon around northwestern Montague I and Passage Canal during the summer

Hunpback whales were seen eight times all in the southwestern portion of the Sound Three were seen in Shelter Bay on Evans I and five were found around Bainbridge I Several other sightings of whales were made which were not identified as to species

Dall and harbor porpoises are both common year around residents of Prince William Sound Numerous observations were made on the survey many of which were not identified as to species because they were offshore from the flight line No distinct pattern of distribution was apparent

A group of at least 40 and possibly as many as 100 killer whales was seen between Evans and Knight I Three were seen in Bass Harbor on Naked I three were seen off the east side of Perry I and one was recorded at Busby I

One adult male fur seal was observed among 17 immature male sea lions on a rock off the southwest end of Elrington Island

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

SUlllller distribution patterns were established for sea otter Montague Green Hinchinbrook Latouche and Elrington I all retain sizable numbers of otters Knight I Naked I and the Knowles Head - Port Gravina area have become well populated in recent years Total population size is estimated at 5000 based on observations of 2015 otters Further investishygations are needed to determine if sexual segregation of sea otters occurs in this area If segregation does occur the pattern needs to be determined and specific use areas identified

Summer distribution of sea lions was found to be almost exclusively limited to five rookeries and hauling ground and to outside waters Counts of sea lions totaled 5134 animals The population is estimated at 6500-7500 Total numbers appear to be about the same as during 1956-57 but an increase was detected at Seal Rocks and a decrease at Lewis I Pup production was low only 246 were recorded Large numbers of imnature animals were seen on the hauling grounds More detailed studies are needed to verify the low pup production This could be done by ground counts of each rookery in late June A marking program on rookeries in Prince William Sound the Kenai Peninsula and Kodiak area would provide needed information on degree of interchange and population discreteness

Useful information on harbor seal distribution concentrations and hauling areas was obtained but cannot be considered complete due to shortcomings of the survey technique Major concentration and haul out areas include Controller Bay Copper River Delta Columbia Bay Seal I Applegate Rocks

-17shy

Channel I Little Green I Knight I College Fiord Blackstone Bay Danger I and Evans I No population estimate can be made but it undoubtedly far exceeds the 5640 seen on the survey More detailed information could be obtained by using skiff surveys under optimum conditions of tide and weather This technique is probably too time consuming for the entire area but may be worthwhile in selected portions

Seasonal changes in distribution occur for some species of marine mammals Casual observations indicate that winter distribution of sea lions is conshysiderably different than summer distribution and that many animals move into inside waters Location of winter hauling grounds and feeding areas are not well documented There are some indications that seasonal changes in harbor seal distribution occur but a pattern has not been demonstrated No major seasonal shifts in sea otter distribution appear to occur but little winter field work has been done to substantiate this A winter survey silllilar to the summer survey would provide information needed to help complete our knowledge of abundance and year around distribution

-18shy

LITERATURE CITED

Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1958 Annual Report No 10 Juneau Alaska 123pp

Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1973 Alaskas Wildlife and Habitat Anchorage Alaska 143pp + 563 maps

Alaska Fisheries Board and Alaska Department of Fisheries 1956 Annual Report No 8 Juneau Alaska 118pp

Bishop RH 1968 Reproduction age determination and Behavior of the harbor seal Phoca vitulina L in the Gulf of Alaska MSc Thesis Univ Alaska College Alaska 12lpp

Kenyon KW 1969 The sea otter in the eastetll Pacific Ocean USFWS North American Fauna No 68 352pp

Kenyon KW and DL Spencer 1960 Sea otter population and transplant studies in Alaska 1959 USFWS Spec Sci Rept Wi1dl No 48 l-29pp

Lensink CJ 1962 The history and status of sea otters in Alaska PhD Thesis Purdue Univ Lafayette Ind 188pp

Mathisen OA and RJ Lopp 1963 Photographic census of the Steller sea lion herds in Alaska 1956-58 USFWS Spec Sci Rept Fish No 424 20pp

Sandegren FE 1970 Breeding and material behavior of the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubata) in Alaska MSc Thesis Univ Alaska College Alaska 138pp

Schneider KF 1971 An evaluation of sea otter survey techniques Alaska Department of Fish and Game Unpubl report Anchorage Alaska 18pp

1972 Sea otter report Alaska Fed Aid Wildl Rest Rpt Proj W-17-4 15pp

1973 Sea otter report Alaska Fed Aid Wildl Rest Rpt Proj W-17-5

US Geological Survey 1969 The Alaskan earthquake 27 March 1964 regional effects - tectonic USGS Geo Sur Prof Paper

• Distribution and Abundance of Sea Otters Sea Lions and Harbor Seals in Prince William Sound Summer 1973
• • Abstract
  • Table of Contents
  • Introduction
  • Methods
  • Survey Conditions
  • Sea Otter
  • Sea Lion
  • Harbor Seal
  • Misc Observations
  • Summary and Conclusions
  • Literature Cited

-18shy

LITERATURE CITED

Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1958 Annual Report No 10 Juneau Alaska 123pp

Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1973 Alaskas Wildlife and Habitat Anchorage Alaska 143pp + 563 maps

Alaska Fisheries Board and Alaska Department of Fisheries 1956 Annual Report No 8 Juneau Alaska 118pp

Bishop RH 1968 Reproduction age determination and Behavior of the harbor seal Phoca vitulina L in the Gulf of Alaska MSc Thesis Univ Alaska College Alaska 12lpp

Kenyon KW 1969 The sea otter in the eastetll Pacific Ocean USFWS North American Fauna No 68 352pp

Kenyon KW and DL Spencer 1960 Sea otter population and transplant studies in Alaska 1959 USFWS Spec Sci Rept Wi1dl No 48 l-29pp

Lensink CJ 1962 The history and status of sea otters in Alaska PhD Thesis Purdue Univ Lafayette Ind 188pp

Mathisen OA and RJ Lopp 1963 Photographic census of the Steller sea lion herds in Alaska 1956-58 USFWS Spec Sci Rept Fish No 424 20pp

Sandegren FE 1970 Breeding and material behavior of the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubata) in Alaska MSc Thesis Univ Alaska College Alaska 138pp

Schneider KF 1971 An evaluation of sea otter survey techniques Alaska Department of Fish and Game Unpubl report Anchorage Alaska 18pp

1972 Sea otter report Alaska Fed Aid Wildl Rest Rpt Proj W-17-4 15pp

1973 Sea otter report Alaska Fed Aid Wildl Rest Rpt Proj W-17-5

US Geological Survey 1969 The Alaskan earthquake 27 March 1964 regional effects - tectonic USGS Geo Sur Prof Paper

• Distribution and Abundance of Sea Otters Sea Lions and Harbor Seals in Prince William Sound Summer 1973
• • Abstract
  • Table of Contents
  • Introduction
  • Methods
  • Survey Conditions
  • Sea Otter
  • Sea Lion
  • Harbor Seal
  • Misc Observations
  • Summary and Conclusions
  • Literature Cited