By: Bhaskar H. Narula

Proper Disposal of Waste Material

•Hazardous and special waste•Waste Legislation

Contents

Hazardous and special waste

PART 1

Hazardous waste is waste which may cause hazard or harm to health or the environment because of its chemical or physical or some other property.

Waste categories

1. Infectious waste2. GMO waste (Genetically Modified Organism waste)

3. Carcasses4. Biological waste5. Radioactive waste6. Chemical waste

INFECTIOUS WASTEInfectious waste

• cultures, samples, and stocks of infectious agents • contaminated animals, materials, and equipment

Classification of Biological Hazards(bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungal agents)

• agents presenting a risk or potential risk to the well-being of man, or other animals

• infection either directly or indirectly through disruption of the environment

• classes 1 through 4 on the basis of the hazards they present

Class 1: no special treatment (not mentioned in classification)

Classes 2 - 4 -> pre-processing before waste disposal1) Chemical disinfection 2) Steam sterilization (Autoclaving) 3) Incineration (burning to ash)

GMO waste Genetically Modified Organism waste

• All Genetic Modification experiments filed and sanctioned by Board of Gene Technology

• Notification / application contains information on waste management

Packaging

Final disposal

•Pack in two bags (one paper, one plastic) and seal the bags with tape • Storage place cold room or freezer

1) After decontamination (autoclaving) Disposal with municipal waste (mixed waste)2) Incineration

Infectious and GMO Waste Treatment (3 alternatives)

Chemical Disinfection

1) Decontaminating by liquid and gaseous chemicals alcohol (ethyl or isopropyl), chlorine compounds, ethylene oxide

Steam Sterilization

1) Autoclaving

Incineration

1) Packaging- Safety marks (UN 3291 )- ADR transportation- UN accepted package

2) Hazardous waste disposal plant2) Disposal with

municipal waste (mixed waste)

2) Disposal with municipal waste (mixed waste)

Dead laboratory animals (Carcasses)

Carcasses

• Dead laboratory animals (mice, rats, moles, fishes, pigs etc)

• Biohazardous carcasses (infected with organisms pathogenic to humans or animal) must be autoclaved before delivered the Honkajoki Animal waste treatment plant or incinirate at a hazardous waste plant (Ekokem Oy).

Packaging

Final disposal• Destroyed in the hazardous animal waste treatment plant (Honkajoki Oy)

• Leak-proof plastic bag • Storage in a cold room or a freezer

BIOLOGICAL WASTEBiological waste

• Materials and equipments contaminated by blood and other secretions

Packaging

Final disposal

• leak-proof plastic bag or container (red colour)• storage place cold room or freezer

• landfilling as a special waste•(Incineration or autoclaving)

SHARP WASTERadioactive waste

• Regulated and guided by STUK – Radiationand Nuclear Safety Authority in Finland

• Radioactive Wastes and Discharges ST 6.2 Guidelines

Packaging

• Packages shall bemarked appropriately, mentioning the primary radionuclides and their activity. the storage area or the waste packages must bemarked with a sign indicating a danger of radiation.

Final disposal• After completion of the necessary storage period, the waste will be disposed of as ordinary waste (Remove signs indicating a danger of radiation)

CHEMICAL WASTE VIILTÄVÄ JA PISTÄVÄ JÄTESHARP WASTE

Chemical waste

• explosive• oxidising• highly flammable / flammable• irritating• damaging• very toxic/ toxic • carcinogenic• corrosive• teratogenic• mutagenic• ecotoxic

Segregation and Packaging

• Segregation of different waste

• Storage of incompatible chemicals in different cabinets / room

Final disposal• Ekokem Oy Ab hazardous waste disposal plant

Waste, which has one or more of the following characteristics:

Old labelling of dangerous chemicals

Explosive E

Flammable  FHighly flammable F+

Oxidizing 0

Toxic TVery toxic T

Corrosive C

Harmful  Xn Irritant Xi

Dangerous for environment N

This labelling can be used for substances until 1. of December 2010 or for mixtures until 1. June 2015.

Acutely toxicSerious impacts on health

Oxcidizing CorrosiveFlammableMild impacts on health

Dangerous for environment

Pressured gas

Explosive

New labelling of hazardous chemicalsCLP-decree (Classification, Labelling and Packaging of substances and mixtures)

New labelling is to be used for chemical substances from 1. of December 2010 And for mixtures from 1. of June 2015.

Labelling Chemical Waste

1. The name of the department and of a contact person

2. The composition of chemical waste (all chemicals, impurities, and their concentrations)

3. The amount of chemical (fullness degree 90 %)

4. Hazard Symbols Risk and Safety Phrases

R 14 Reacts violently with water.R 23/24/25 Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.S 39 Wear eye/face protection. S 30Never add water to this product.

USE ORGINAL CONTAINERS, IF POSSIBLE!

• Obliges producers to organize the reuse, recovery or suitable treatment or disposal of their products and to cover the related costs.

• Producer responsibility covers the following product types: – electronic and electrical appliances, – cars, vans and comparable vehicles, tyres– newspapers, magazines, copy paper, and other

comparable paper products, packaging 

Producer responsibility

Waste Legislation

PART 2

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• Prevent• Re-use• Recycle or compost• Recover energy• Dispose safely

Waste hierarchy

How to prevent waste

• Favour good quality, durability and less packaging

• Favour long-lasting and repairable products of good quality

• Replace purchased goods with services

Waste segregation

• Do not mix different types of wastes together – mixing may make recycling

impossible, – cause a chemical reaction, or – create a mixture that needs to be

managed as a hazardous waste

Duty to keep record

• Producers of hazardous wastes must keep a record of – quantity, type, quality and origin of

all waste arising from their operations– method of disposal and date of

removal

Transport of Dangerous Goods

• 1. Explosives• 2. Gases• 3. Flammable and combustible liquids• 4.1 Combustible and self-reactive• 4.2 Spontaneously combustible• 4.3 Water Reactive• 5.1 Oxidizing substances • 5.2 Organic peroxides• 6.1 Poisonous (toxic) sustances• 6.2 Infectious substances• 7. Radioactive materials• 8. Corrosives• 9. Miscellaneous dangerous

substances

THANK YOU !

HAVE A NICE DAY