diseases of orchids in hawaii - ctahr website > home · 2010-09-13 · diseases of orchids in...
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Diseases of Orchids in Hawaii
Scot C. Nelson, Ph.D.Plant Pathologist (UH-CTAHR)Cooperative Extension ServiceKainaliu, [email protected] (tel)
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Viral Diseases
2 common viral diseases on orchids:1) Cymbidium Mosaic Virus (CyMV)
2) [Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV)] Tobacco Mosaic Virus Orchid strain TMV-O
Electron micrographs of virus particles
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Cymbidium Mosaic Virus (CyMV):
Common in Hawaii; most common on
orchids world wide.
The virus particle is stable.
Easily transmitted. Easily moved from one
plant to another.
Many orchid hosts.
Several common symptomless hosts.
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Petal streaks and spots caused by CyMV on dendrobium.
More severe during the winter months.
CattleyaNecrotic flecks and streaksover entire flower
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CyMV: Circular dark spots on Cattleya leaves
ORSV
ORSV
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Vandas are symptomless hosts; all
infected with CyMV due to propagation by
cuttings.
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Viral Disease Management
Prevention and SanitationOnly purchase plants without symptoms;
Be familiar with symptomless hosts;
Screen plant stock using ELIZA;
Keep new plants quarantined;
Discard all plants with symptoms of viral infection; or grow them in isolation.
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Bacterial Diseases
2 Common Bacteria in Commercial Dendrobium fields
Erwinia chrysanthemi
Burkholderia gladioli pv gladioli
(Pseudomonas gladioli pv gladioli)
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Water soaked leaf spot; probably started at leaf wound (Dendrobium)
Soft rot of Phalaenopsis leaf
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Pseudostems or canes break as the internal structure is destroyed by bacteria
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Example of high number of bacteria that emerge from diseased host tissue; Marjoram leaf spot
Cloud of trillions of Bacterial cells
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Photomicrograph: Inside a dendrobium cell*
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Tiny bacteria cells
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Weevils aid the movement of bacteria; they probe or walk on diseased plants then infect healthy plants in the process.
Wounds made
by probingweevils
Water-soaked tissuesindicate bacterial disease
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Bacterial Disease Management
Prevention:
Do not transport diseased plants to your nursery;
Carefully check all new plants;
Use solid covered greenhouses.
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Sanitation:
Gather all infected plants and remove from the nursery.
Set up a Hospital. Assign an area for
sick plants. Keep DRY. Place diseased but
precious plants in the Hospital.
Avoid going in and out of the hospital.
OR
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Orchid Pathogens and Pests Pathogens Fungi Kingdom Fungi Bacteria Prokaryotic Virus Prokaryotic
Nematodes Kingdom AnimalPests: Insects
Mealybugs Thrips BeetlesWeevils MidgesLeaf Cutting Bee AphidsMoths Scales
Pests: MitesPests: Mollusks: Snails and Slugs
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Nematodes Round worms; Over 10,000 species. Some attack humans Eye worm. Trichinosis; man is infected by consuming infected pork. Elephantiasis; huge malformations from infection and blocking of the lymph glands; spread by mosquitoes.
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Eye worm
Elephantiasis
Lymphatic Filariasis, is a disorder of the lymphatic system
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Plant Parasitic nematodes All have a spear or stylet, that is used for feeding. Many types of nematodes cause diseases of a wide range of crop plants. Orchids: Foliar nematodes or Aphelenchoides
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head
tail
stylet
esophagus
intestine
ovary
egg
anus
vulva
mouth and lips
NEMATODE ANATOMY
no brainno heartno lungs
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Foliar Nematode Biology: Live in and outside of root system Depend on moisture Lay eggs. With dry weather, the nematodes migrate back to the
root system or die. Prevention
No chemical (nematicide) registered on orchidsSanitation (dilute bleach)Reduce Moisture