DISEASES AND DISORDERS DISEASES AND DISORDERS OF THE SPECIAL SENSESOF THE SPECIAL SENSES

PresbyopiaPresbyopia

Lens loses Lens loses ability to ability to change shapechange shape

Usually Usually caused by agecaused by age

Myopia (near sighted)Myopia (near sighted) Caused by eye Caused by eye shape being too shape being too longlong

Causes light to Causes light to focus in front focus in front of retinaof retina

Corrected with Corrected with glasses or glasses or contactscontacts

Hyperopia (far-Hyperopia (far-sighted)sighted)

Caused by eye Caused by eye shape being shape being shorter than shorter than normalnormal

Causes light to Causes light to focus behind the focus behind the retinaretina

Corrected with Corrected with glasses or glasses or contactscontacts

AstigmatisimAstigmatisim

Caused by corneal malformation Caused by corneal malformation Creates a distorted image on Creates a distorted image on the retinathe retina

CataractsCataracts

Caused by Caused by clouding of clouding of the lensthe lens

Can be Can be replaced replaced with with artificial artificial lenslens

Cataract

ConjunctivitisConjunctivitis Caused by an Caused by an infection of infection of the the conjunctivaconjunctiva

More commonly More commonly called called ““pink pink eyeeye””

ConjunctivitisConjunctivitis

GlaucomaGlaucoma

Aqueous humor Aqueous humor build up puts build up puts pressure on pressure on the retinathe retina

Can damage Can damage retina if not retina if not treatedtreated

Macular DegenerationMacular Degeneration

Occurs in Occurs in section of the section of the retina called retina called the maculathe macula

damaged causing damaged causing a dark area a dark area that progresses that progresses over timeover time

Macular Degeneration

StrabismusStrabismus Caused by weak eye Caused by weak eye musclesmuscles

Sometimes referred Sometimes referred to as crossed eyesto as crossed eyes

Can be surgically Can be surgically corrected or by corrected or by patching the good patching the good eye to encourage eye to encourage other eye to work other eye to work properlyproperly

DeafnessDeafness Two types:Two types: ConductiveConductive: : caused by caused by blockages in the blockages in the auditory canalauditory canal

Can be blocked Can be blocked with ear waxwith ear wax

Can be caused by Can be caused by middle ear middle ear infections orinfections or

Eardrum damageEardrum damage

Sensorineural deafnessSensorineural deafness Sensorineural:Sensorineural: Damage to Damage to auditory nervesauditory nerves

Cochlear Cochlear malformation or malformation or damaged by damaged by infectioninfection

Brain damage in Brain damage in temporal lobetemporal lobe

Cochlear Implants

Middle Ear InfectionMiddle Ear Infection

Usually involves Usually involves the eardrum being the eardrum being infected by infected by bacteria or virusbacteria or virus

Bacterial treated Bacterial treated with antibioticswith antibiotics

Common in Common in childrenchildren

Called Otis MediaCalled Otis Media

TinnitusTinnitus

Caused by Caused by improper improper discharge of discharge of electrical electrical impulses of impulses of the Organs of the Organs of Corti Hair Corti Hair cellscells

VertigoVertigo

Caused by otoliths Caused by otoliths improperly improperly aligning with aligning with membranesmembranes

May also be caused May also be caused by middle ear by middle ear infection moving infection moving into inner earinto inner ear

Causes dizziness Causes dizziness and nauseaand nausea

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