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  • Discovery and Conquest: Colonization by the Spanishhistoricalmorrobay.org/.../06/ENGL149Proj02-StorySources.pdf · 2019-06-02 · Discovery and Conquest: Colonization by the Spanish
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Discovery and Conquest: Colonization by the Spanish The Chumash people were the first to settle in what is now known as Morro Bay and along the coast of California over 13,000 years ago. The Chumash were hunter-gatherers and were adept at fishing. As a result of them living near the ocean, they relied on their fishing skills to survive. They fished using “ bone tridents and fish hooks fashioned from shell [and] used bait of chopped cactus for luring sardines into big baskets”. 1 As the natives were adapting to the land and making Morro Bay their home little did they know, a new group of people were looking to settle on their grounds. Second to the Chumash, the next civilization to discover Morro Bay didn’t arrive until the 1540s. At this time, a Spanish explorer named Juan Cabrillo had embarked on a journey to find the Northwest Passage. Although Cabrillo failed in accomplishing this task, he managed to leave a significant mark on history. In 1542, while seeking the passage, Cabrillo became the first European to discover the coast of California. Speaking about Cabrillo’s expedition Terry Cross of the Morro Bay Maritime Museum said that the ship “was the very first contact with California and with the indigenous natives of California.” 2 He led his crew Northward along the west coast, naming and claiming various regions for Spain. 3 It is through this process that Morro Bay’s name was originated. While sailing along the coast, a 576 foot tall mass of rock caught his attention. Noting the resemblance of the rock’s shape to the style of hats worn by the Moors of Spain, Cabrillo is credited with giving Morro Rock the name of “El Morro”. 4 Cabrillo was not the first European to land in Morro Bay as his ships sailed on without stopping. That was accomplished in 1587 by Pedro de Unamuno, a Spanish navigator. Unamuno’s original assignment was to guide a Spanish galleon to trade in the Philippines and return to find a suitable harbor in California. After successfully reaching and departing from the Philippines, Unamuno arrived at the coast of California. Unamuno’s ship anchored at Morro Bay and the 1 Gates, Dorothy L., and Jane H. Bailey. Morro Bay's Yesterdays: Vignettes of Our City's Lives & Times. El Moro Publications, 1982. 2 “Replica of Spanish Galleon Arrives in Morro Bay.” The Tribune, San Luis Obispo Tribune, 2 Oct. 2016. 3 Krieger, D. (2016, October 01). Why so many explorers bypassed the Central Coast. Retrieved May 5, 2019 4 Morro Bay National Estuary Program. (2016, September 30). Exploring Morro Bay History. Early Morro Bay Settlement circa 1890s. Image courtesy of San Luis Obispo County History Center. Cabrillo statue in San Diego. Image courtesy of Flickr user Brian Sterling.

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Page 1: Discovery and Conquest: Colonization by the Spanishhistoricalmorrobay.org/.../06/ENGL149Proj02-StorySources.pdf · 2019-06-02 · Discovery and Conquest: Colonization by the Spanish

DiscoveryandConquest:ColonizationbytheSpanish

TheChumashpeoplewerethefirsttosettleinwhatisnowknownasMorroBayandalongthecoastofCaliforniaover13,000yearsago.TheChumashwerehunter-gatherersandwereadeptatfishing.Asaresultofthemlivingneartheocean,theyreliedontheirfishingskillstosurvive.Theyfishedusing“bonetridentsandfishhooksfashionedfromshell[and]usedbaitofchoppedcactusforluringsardinesintobigbaskets”.1AsthenativeswereadaptingtothelandandmakingMorroBaytheirhomelittledidtheyknow,anewgroupofpeoplewerelookingtosettleontheirgrounds.

SecondtotheChumash,thenextcivilizationtodiscoverMorroBaydidn’tarriveuntilthe1540s.Atthistime,aSpanishexplorernamedJuanCabrillohadembarkedonajourneytofindtheNorthwestPassage.AlthoughCabrillofailedinaccomplishingthistask,hemanagedtoleaveasignificantmarkonhistory.In1542,whileseekingthepassage,CabrillobecamethefirstEuropeantodiscoverthecoastofCalifornia.SpeakingaboutCabrillo’sexpeditionTerryCrossof

theMorroBayMaritimeMuseumsaidthattheship“wastheveryfirstcontactwithCaliforniaandwiththeindigenousnativesofCalifornia.”2HeledhiscrewNorthwardalongthewestcoast,namingandclaimingvariousregionsforSpain.3ItisthroughthisprocessthatMorroBay’snamewasoriginated.Whilesailingalongthecoast,a576foottallmassofrockcaughthisattention.Notingtheresemblanceoftherock’sshapetothestyleofhatswornbytheMoorsofSpain,CabrilloiscreditedwithgivingMorroRockthenameof“ElMorro”.4

CabrillowasnotthefirstEuropeantolandinMorroBayashisshipssailedonwithoutstopping.Thatwasaccomplishedin1587byPedrodeUnamuno,aSpanishnavigator.Unamuno’soriginalassignmentwastoguideaSpanishgalleontotradeinthePhilippinesandreturntofinda

suitableharborinCalifornia.AftersuccessfullyreachinganddepartingfromthePhilippines,UnamunoarrivedatthecoastofCalifornia.Unamuno’sshipanchoredatMorroBayandthe

1 Gates,DorothyL.,andJaneH.Bailey.MorroBay'sYesterdays:VignettesofOurCity'sLives&Times.ElMoroPublications,1982. 2 “ReplicaofSpanishGalleonArrivesinMorroBay.”TheTribune,SanLuisObispoTribune,2Oct.2016.3Krieger,D.(2016,October01).WhysomanyexplorersbypassedtheCentralCoast.RetrievedMay5,2019

4MorroBayNationalEstuaryProgram.(2016,September30).ExploringMorroBayHistory.

EarlyMorroBaySettlementcirca1890s.ImagecourtesyofSanLuisObispoCountyHistoryCenter.

CabrillostatueinSanDiego.ImagecourtesyofFlickruserBrianSterling.

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landingpartymadeabriefexpeditionintothesurroundingland.Whilethere,theyplantedacrossmadeoutofstickstosignifySpain’sclaimtotheregion.Twodaysafterlandingonsolidground,theSpanishencounteredthenativepeopleoftheterritoryandhadabriefskirmish.TheSpanishsufferedonecasualtyandseveralinjurieswhilethenativessufferedmoredeaths.Afterthisbattle,UnamunodecidedtomoveontothenextportionoftheCaliforniacoast,thusendingthefirstEuropeanlandinginMorroBay.5

FollowingUnamunocameGaspardePortola,andhisexplorationuptheCaliforniaCoast.AsgovernorofSpanish-ruledBajaCaliforniain1767,Portolaoversawtheareaandwasrespectedbyhispeople.WiththeSpanishGovernmentfurtherexpandingsettlementsintoAlta(Upper)California,Portola,MiguelCostanso,andFathersJuanCrespiandJuniperoSerradecidedtoleadanexpeditionfromSanDiegotoSanFranciscoBayfrom1769to1770;onebylandandonebysea.TheChumashwelcomedPortola’steamwithopenarmsasFatherCrespiwrote,“Aboutsixty-fivepersonscametoseeusassoonaswearrived,andpresenteduswithasortofporridge…andeverybodylikeditverymuch”.6Portola’slandgroupof64interactedwithTheChumashandothernativetribes,inadditiontoestablishingnewsettlementsandmissionsalongtheCaliforniacoast.Abouthalfwayintothejourney,thegroupcameacrossoneofmanybays.However,thisbaywasdifferent;Therewasagiantrockinthesea.Cominguponthisloomingentity,Portola’sexpeditionrealizedthiswasthefamousElMorro.CostansoandFatherCrespiaresaidtobethefirstEuropeanstosetfootontheMorroBayRock.Portola’sexpeditionwasthestartofSpanishinfluencethroughoutCalifornia.InadditiontothemultitudeofmissionsalongElCaminoRealfromFatherSerra’smissiontospreadCatholicism,thefirsttwoSpanishpresidioswerebuiltinSanDiegoandMonterey.

ThecombinationofallthesemissionsofconquestbytheSpanishandthecenturiesofdifferentruleunderdifferentgovernmentsandcultureshasshapedMorroBaytothetownithasbecometoday.TheUnitedStateshasobviouslyplayedanenormousfactorintheculturalandsocietalregionsofMorroBay,however,thediffusionofSpanishcultureintotheheartofMorroBayremains.First,thisisevidentinthelanguagearoundtheregion.Clearly,wecanseethatthenamesofmanyplacesaroundthecitysuchasabeachandevenaparkarenamedaftertheoriginal“Morro”.TheSpanishinfluenceonlanguagehasalsoaffectedmanywordsin 5HistoricalLandmark,DeclaredbytheFilipinoAmericanNationalHistoricalSociety,CaliforniaCentralCoastChapter(October21,1995)

6Gates,DorothyL.,andJaneH.Bailey.MorroBay'sYesterdays:VignettesofOurCity'sLives&Times.ElMoroPublications,1982.

MorroBayRockatnight.ImagecourtesyofFlickruserWaFp.

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EnglishandchangedthewaythatpeoplespeakinMorroBay.WecanalsoseetheSpanishinfluenceinthecuisineofMorroBayapparentinthemultipleSpanishrestaurantsaroundthecity.Fromlanguagetofoods,theSpanishconquestandcolonizationofMorroBayhadanenormousimpactonthefutureofCaliforniaandhashelpedshapethecityofMorroBaytothesmallyetbeautifultownweknowtoday.

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WorksCitedBreschini,GaryS.“ThePortoláExpeditionof1769.”MontereyCountyHistoricalSociety,LocalHistoryPages--ThePortolaExpeditionof1769,2000, www.mchsmuseum.com/portola1769.html.

CaliforniaExplorers,factcards.califa.org/exp/portola.html.

“ExploringMorroBayHistory.”MorroBayNationalEstuaryProgram,29Jan.2018,www.mbnep.org/2016/09/30/exploring-morro-bay-history/.

EloisaGomezBorah(1995)FilipinosinUnamuno'sCaliforniaExpeditionof1587,Amerasia

Journal,21:3,175-184,DOI:10.17953/amer.21.3.q050756h25525n72Gates,DorothyL.,andJaneH.Bailey.MorroBay'sYesterdays:VignettesofOurCity'sLives&

Times.ElMoroPublications,1982.

“HistoricalSocietyofMorroBay.”HistoricalSocietyofMorroBay,historicalmorrobay.org/a-timeline/.

“HistoricalLandmark,DeclaredbytheFilipinoAmericanNationalHistoricalSociety,CaliforniaCentralCoastChapter,DedicatedOctober21,1995.”HistoricSiteDuringtheManila,FilipinoAmericanNationalHistoricalSociety,morro-bay.com/historical/Philippine-plaque/text-of-plaque.htm.

HISTORYINSANLUISOBISPOCOUNTY,LynneLandwehr,www.historyinslocounty.org/Timeline%20for%20Morro%20Bay.htm.

Krieger,D.(2016,October01).WhysomanyexplorersbypassedtheCentralCoast.RetrievedMay5,2019,fromhttps://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/local/news-columns-blogs/times-past/article105438831.html

McKINNEY,JOHN.“ANaturalHistoryLessoninMorroBay.”LosAngelesTimes,LosAngelesTimes,21July2002,www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-jul-21-tr-hiking21-story.html.

MorroBayNationalEstuaryProgram.(2016,September30).ExploringMorroBayHistory.RetrievedMay5,2019,fromhttps://www.mbnep.org/2016/09/30/exploring-morro-bay-history/

“MorroStrandStateBeach.”MorroBay,judy-volker.com/StateParks/MorroBayE.html.

“ReplicaofSpanishGalleonArrivesinMorroBay.”TheTribune,SanLuisObispoTribune,2Oct.2016,www.sanluisobispo.com/news/local/article104963971.html.

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SanLuisObispo,andTribune.“ReplicaofSpanishGalleonArrivesinMorroBay.”Sanluisobispo,SanLuisObispoTribune,2Oct.2016,www.sanluisobispo.com/news/local/article104963971.html.

“TimelineofthePortoláExpedition.”Wikipedia,WikimediaFoundation,28Jan.2019,en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Portol%C3%A1_expedition.

Treutlein,TheodoreE.“ThePortoláExpeditionof1769-1770.”CaliforniaHistoricalSocietyQuarterly,vol.47,no.4,1968,pp.291–313.JSTOR,www.jstor.org/stable/25154307.


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