disaster resilient schools a primer of knowledge that can multiply and spill over for the benefit of...
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DISASTER RESILIENT SCHOOLS
A PRIMER OF KNOWLEDGE THAT CAN MULTIPLY AND SPILL OVER FOR THE BENEFIT OF MILLIONS
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of
North Carolina, USA
DISASTER RESILIENT SCHOOLS
MAKING ONE OF THE COMMUNITY’S ESSENTIAL FACILITIES AND “SAFE HAVENS”
SAFER
SCHOOLS (Elementary, Secondary, High School, University, Other)
• FAR TOO OFTEN, SCHOOLS, THE DESIGNATED (OR PERCEIVED) COMMUNITY “SAFE HAVEN,” ARE UNSAFE:
• WHEN SCHOOLS ARE IN SESSION DURING THE DAY AND AN EARTHQUAKE OCCURS, - - -
SCHOOLS (Elementary, Secondary, High School, University, Other)
• OR, AFTER EVACUATIONS TO A SCHOOL TO GET PEOPLE OUT OF HARM’S WAY FROM FLOODS, SEVERE WIND STORMS, AND VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS.
REASONS FOR SCHOOL VULNERABILITY
• MAY NOT BE DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND STRONG GROUND SHAKING
• MAY BE LOCATED IN A FLOOD PLAIN • MAY BE LOCATED IN THE STORM SURGE
INUNDATION ZONE• MAY NOT BE DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND
HIGH WINDS• MAY NOT BE DESIGNED FOR WET ASH
LOAD
EARTHQUAKES
CAUSE BUILDING COLLAPSE, INUNDATION FROM TSUNAMIS,
WIDESPREAD LOSS OF FUNCTION, INJURIES, AND DEATHS
SCHOOLS ARE VULNERABILE TO EARTHQUAKES
• TYPICALLY, NO SPECIAL SITING, DESIGN, OR CONSTRUCTION MEASURES EXIST FOR SCHOOLS
• EARTHQUAKES OCCUR WITHOUT WARNING, ANYTIME; HENCE, NO EVACUATION
• LOSS OF FUNCTION MAY BE VERY DISRUPTIVE TO ENTIRE COMMUNITY
YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•NAT. HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
SCHOOLSSCHOOLS
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
VULNERABILITY VULNERABILITY REDUCTONREDUCTON
•SITING, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION STDS.• EMERGENCY PLANS• RECONSTRUCTION•EDUCATIONAL SURGE
RISK MANAGEMENTRISK MANAGEMENT
YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•NAT. HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
SCHOOLSSCHOOLS
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
VULNERABILITY VULNERABILITY REDUCTONREDUCTON
•SITING, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION STDS.• EMERGENCY PLANS• RECONSTRUCTION•EDUCATIONAL SURGE
RISK MANAGEMENTRISK MANAGEMENT
SCHOOLS: ALL HURRICANES AND TYPHOONS
• EVACUATION IS UNSUCCESSFUL IF “SAFE HAVENS” FOR EVACUEES ARE UNSAFE.
SCHOOLS: HURRICANE KATRINA; AUGUST 28-29, 2005
• Many schools were damaged and some did not reopen for several months to more than a year.
SCHOOLS: HURRICANE KATRINA; AUGUST 28-29, 2005
• A FEW HOURS OF WIND AND STORM SURGE FOLLOWED BY A MONTH OF RECOVERY FROM THE FLOODING PARALYZED TULANE UNIVERSITY INDEFINETLY.
YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•NAT. HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
SCHOOLSSCHOOLS
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
VULNERABILITY VULNERABILITY REDUCTONREDUCTON
•SITING, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION STDS.• EMERGENCY PLANS• RECONSTRUCTION•EDUCATIONAL SURGE
RISK MANAGEMENTRISK MANAGEMENT
SCHOOLS: INDONESIA; JUNE 8, 2006 ERUPTION
• School children wearing masks to counter the adverse health effects of volcanic ash.
YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
YOUR YOUR COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
DATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•NAT. HAZARDS•INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
SCHOOLSSCHOOLS
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
VULNERABILITY VULNERABILITY REDUCTONREDUCTON
•SITING, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION STDS.• EMERGENCY PLANS• RECONSTRUCTION•EDUCATIONAL SURGE
RISK MANAGEMENTRISK MANAGEMENT