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Recommended varieties, package & practices and Roadmap of maize development in NE state

Vinay MahajanPrincipal Scientist

Directorate of Maize ResearchPusa Campus, New Delhi

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Maize Development in NE Region

Climate Change in NE Region and its affect on crop yield

Adaptable maize hybrids Improved Agronomic practices

Roadmap for Maize Development in NE Region Rich in Germplasm and Adaptability of Genotypes New Genetic Material and Seed Production Abiotic-Biotic factors Equipping Farmers with Latest Technology Biotechnology tools

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Climate change in NE region

Reduction in total rainfall by 425 mm Change in shift in peak and spread of Rainfall

Monthly Rainfall distribution over three block years of Jorhat region

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hRainfall pattern in different months of kharif season and different agro-

climatic zones

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hPerformance of checks for days to anthesis, days to silk and yield

in their respective years of testing

Days to anthesis

Days to silk

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hPerformance of maize in different zones

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h Climate change research, includes Key climate variables are

– Temperature fluctuations– Erratic monsoon (intensity and

frequency)– Humidity– Soil erosion

Critical assessment of different

crops/zones for vulnerability to

climatic stresses and extreme events,

especially of intra-seasonal

variability of rainfall, temperature, disease severity etc

Source: NESAC (2009), Shillong

Assessment of Climate Change in NE region

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hHybrids (Extra-Early) Suitable for NEH

Hybrid/ Composite

Yield (q/ha)

Recommended area for cultivation

Source for Seed

Remarks

Vivek Maize Hybrid 45(2013)

60 UK, HP, J&K, NEH region & Identified for

I,II,III,IV

VPKAS, Almora

Yellow, semi-flint, flat bold seed, tolerance to TLB & MLB

Vivek Maize Hybrid 39(2012)

58 UK, HP, J&K, NEH region

VPKAS, Almora

Yellow, semi-flint, flat bold, tolerance to TLB

Vivek Maize Hybrid 33 (2008)

57 UK, HP, J&K, NEH region

VPKAS, Almora

Yellow, semi-flint, bold, tolerance to BLSB, BSDM

Vivek Maize Hybrid 25 (2007)

55 UK, HP, J&K, NEH region

VPKAS, Almora

Yellow, semi-flint, bold, tolerance to TLB

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hHybrids/Composite (Extra-Early) Suitable for NEH

Hybrid/ Composite

Yield (q/ha)

Recommended area for cultivation

Source for Seed

Remarks

Vivek Maize Hybrid 21 (2007)

50 UK, HP, J&K, NEH region, Del, Pub, Har,

West UP, AP, TN Mah, Kar

VPKAS, Almora

Yellow, semi-flint, bold, tolerance to TLB

Pusa Extra-Early Hybrid 5 (2004)

50 J&K, UK, NE, HP, Assam, Har, Pub, Ap,

TN, Mah, Kar

IARI, New Delhi

Tolerance to TLB, MLB, ESR

Composite

Vivek Sankul Makka 35(2009)

48 UK, HP, J&K, NEH region

VPKAS, Almora

Yellow dent flat, tolerant to TLB

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Vivek Maize Hybrid 45Adaptation: Adaptation: Zone IZone I (UK, HP, J&K, (UK, HP, J&K,

NEH)NEH)

Grain: Yellow, Semi-Flint, flat bold Grain: Yellow, Semi-Flint, flat bold seedseed

Maturity: 85-90 days Maturity: 85-90 days

Plant height : 200 cmPlant height : 200 cm

Yield: 60 q/haYield: 60 q/ha

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Vivek Maize Hybrid 39

Adaptation: Adaptation: Zone IZone I (UK, HP, J&K, NEH) (UK, HP, J&K, NEH)

Grain: Yellow with cap, Semi-FlintGrain: Yellow with cap, Semi-Flint

Maturity: 85-90 days Maturity: 85-90 days

Plant height : 180cmPlant height : 180cm

Yield: 56-58q/haYield: 56-58q/ha

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Adaptation: Zone I (Hills of UK, HP, J&K and NEH)

Grain: Yellow Dent flat,Grain: Yellow Dent flat,

Tolerant to turcicum leaf blightTolerant to turcicum leaf blight

Plant height : 200-210cm; Maturity: 88-90 days; Ear Plant height : 200-210cm; Maturity: 88-90 days; Ear Shape: Conico-cylindrical; 1000-Gr Wt: 265 gShape: Conico-cylindrical; 1000-Gr Wt: 265 g

Yield: 55-57 q/haYield: 55-57 q/ha

Vivek Maize Hybrid 33

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Adaptation: Adaptation: Zone IZone I (Himalayan hills up to 2200 m (Himalayan hills up to 2200 m amsl)amsl)

Grain: Grain: Yellow bold, semi-dent; Yellow bold, semi-dent; Plant height: Plant height: 200-200-225 cm; 225 cm; Maturity - Maturity - 85-90 days;85-90 days;

HighlyHighly tolerant to leaf blight (Highest: 2.3)tolerant to leaf blight (Highest: 2.3)

Yield: 60-65 q/haYield: 60-65 q/ha

Vivek Maize Hybrid 25Vivek Maize Hybrid 25

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Vivek Maize Hybrid 21Vivek Maize Hybrid 21Adaptation: Adaptation: Zone I, II & IVZone I, II & IV ((Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh,

Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Delhi, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab Western UP and Haryana, Punjab Western UP and Himalayan hills upto 2200m amslHimalayan hills upto 2200m amsl

Grain: Yellow Semi-dent; Grain: Yellow Semi-dent; Tolerant to Tolerant to turcicum turcicum blightblight

Plant height : 180-210 cm; Maturity: 85-90 Plant height : 180-210 cm; Maturity: 85-90 days; days;

Yield: 55-60 q/haYield: 55-60 q/ha

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Vivek Sankul Makka 35

Adaptation: Zone I (UK, HP, J&K, NEH Region)

Grain: Yellow FlintGrain: Yellow Flint

Maturity: 85-90 days

Plant height : 177cm

Yield: 50-55 q/ha

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QPM Maize Hybrids Suitable NE Region

Hybrid/ Composite

Yield (q/ha)

Recommended area for cultivation

Source for Seed

Remarks

Vivek QPM 9 (2008)

55 Himalayan Region & Peninsular India

VPKAS, Almora

Yellow, semi-flint, perform better at low N

HQPM 5 (2007)

58 All over the country CCS HAU, Karnal

Orange, Flint, Resis. to MLB

HQPM 1 (2007)

62 J&K, UK, HP, NE, Assam

CCS HAU, Karnal

Yellow, Dent, Tol. to Frost/ cold, Resis. to MLB & Rust

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h Vivek QPM 9 First Extra- Early QPM version of Vivek Maize Hybrid 9

Adaptation: Uttarakhand HillsAdaptation: Uttarakhand Hills & Zone I & IV& Zone I & IVGrain: Yellow semi-flint

Yield: 45-50 q/ha (Organic)Yield: 45-50 q/ha (Organic) 58-60 q/ha Zone I58-60 q/ha Zone I 50-55 q/ha Zone IV50-55 q/ha Zone IV

Maturity: 85-90days; Maturity: 85-90days; Plant height : 210-215 cmPlant height : 210-215 cm

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Babycorn Composites/ Hybrids

Hybrid Yield (q/ha)Recommended

area for cultivation

Source for Seed

Remarks

VL Babycorn 1 (2004)

70-80 q/ha (With Husk)12-14 q/ha (Without husk)

All over India VPKAS Almora, Uttarakhand

Seed Yield: 38-40 q/ha, Early, Yellow

HM 4 (2005) Seed Yield: 68 q/ha

Across the country

CCS HAU regional Center, Karnal

Can be used as babycorn, Orange flint medium maturity

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h Adaptation: Throughout the country

Parentage: [(VL 16 X Murulia) x VL 16) X VL 16)Parentage: [(VL 16 X Murulia) x VL 16) X VL 16)]]

Highly prolific (2.5 - 3 ears/plant), Highly prolific (2.5 - 3 ears/plant), conical shaped, straight ovary conical shaped, straight ovary rows, creamy yellow, sweet and rows, creamy yellow, sweet and tolerant to tolerant to turcicum turcicum blight and high blight and high plant densityplant density

Babycorn yield – 12-13 q/ha + Green fodder yield – 300 q/ha

Seed Yield: 40 q/ha

First Babycorn composite Released First Babycorn composite Released for All Indiafor All India

VL Babycorn-1 (Composite)

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Roadmap for

Maize Development in NE Region

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Diverse materials with several adaptive traits

Local landraces have better adaptability Good combiners from local land races Genotypes can be preferably used as female line

Utilisation of Near-Related species that offer natural tolerance to stresses Good Crossing ability among some Genus/ species Protecting and strengthening conservation programs of

genetic diversity and special efforts on Farmer’s Participation for on-site preservation of local land races

Adaptive traits differ according to the climatic conditions; emphasis on early and medium maturing hybrids

Rich in Germplasm and Adaptable Genotypes

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New Genetic Material and Seed Production

Evaluation of AICMIP trials with new genetic materials and identification of promising adapted genotypes for the NE region

Increase in the number of field evaluations: Multi-location evaluations over seasons

Emphasis on hybrid seed production in mission mode approach

Ensuring the timely availability of inputs like seed, fertilizers and other inputs even to the remote farmers

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Climate change and Abiotic-Biotic factors

Understanding climate change in NE region

Crops and varieties are required to withstand unpredictable biotic and abiotic stresses

Manage Limited / Excess water stress (anaerobic) Water lodging (germination/flowering/grain filling) Drought in winter season Monitoring of stresses: Intensity and Duration Germination & Seedling Establishment under prolonged high

moisture condition (Anaerobic)

Low-Nitrogen tolerance and increase Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Disease resistance (BLSB, TLB)

Recovery from the stress under field conditions

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Equipping Farmers with Latest Technology

Sensitizing the state agricultural officers on new and noval technologies in maize

Assist and educate farmers in latest technology under changing climate

Adapting new technology suitable farming systems

Provide farmers with affordable genotypes and techniques

Simultaneous scaling up of outputs through KVKs and the National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture for wider adoption by the farmers

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Marker Assisted SelectionVivek QPM 9

New breeding method based on genotypic selection

Genetic architecture of the trait should decide ways of marker intervention (Rex Bernardo, 2008)

In Genotype X environment interaction if genotype explains larger portion of variation then genetic markers can be used to select desirable phenotype; if phenotype is determined largely by environment then changes in agronomy are effective in producing desirable types

Cross

Segregating population

Genotype phenotype

QTL

Gene discovery New variety

Responsive genesCandidate genes

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Saluting the variability of NE Saluting the variability of NE RegionRegion

ThanksThanks