direct object pronouns the object that directly receives the action of the verb is called the direct...
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The object that directly receives the action of the verb is called the direct object.
The direct object answers the question "what?" or "whom?" with regard to what the subject of the sentence is doing.
When the pronoun replaces the name of the direct object, use the following pronouns:
DOPNs Singular Plural
1st person Me= ________ Us = ________
2nd Person You = ________
3rd personHim = ________Her = ________
You/It = ________
Them (m) _______Them (fem) _____Y’all ___________
me
telolaLo/la
nos
laslos
Los/las
In sentences with two verbs, there are two options regarding the placement of the direct object pronoun.1. Place it immediately before the conjugated verb. 2. Attach it directly to the infinitive.
The indirect object (IO) tells us where the direct object (DO) is going.
The indirect object answers the question "To whom?" or "For whom?" the action of the verb is performed.
Sentences that have an indirect object usually also have a direct object. Remember, the IO tells us where the DO is going.
Sometimes the direct object is not stated; rather it is implied, or understood.
When a pronoun takes the place of the name of the indirect object, use the following pronouns:
IDOPNs Singular Plural
1st person (to/for) Me= ________ (to/for) Us = ________
2nd Person (to/for) You = ________
3rd person(to/for) Him = ________(to/for) Her = ________
(to/for) You/It = ________
(to/for) Them (m) _______(to/for) Them (fem) _____(to/for) Y’all ___________
mete
nos
lelele
lesles
les
The IO pronouns le and les present a special problem because they are ambiguous.
Since le and les can mean more than one thing, a prepositional phrase is often added to remove the ambiguity or for emphasis
The preterite is used for past actions that are seen as completed.
The preterite of regular -ar verbs is formed by dropping the infinitive ending -ar and adding the appropriate endings to the stem.
Pret. –ar endings
Singular Plural
1st person
2nd Person
3rd person
é
aste
ó
amos
aron
Note that verbs that end in ______, ______, and ______ have a spelling change in the ______ form.
_______ = ______________ = ______________ = _______
car gar zar
yo
cargarzar
quéguécé
The verbs ir and ser are irregular in the preterite tense
The context in which each verb is used in the sentence will clarify the meaning.
The verb ser is not used very often in the preterite.
Pret. Of ser and ir
Singular Plural
1st person
2nd Person
3rd person
fui
fuiste
fue
fuimos
fueron
Both regular –er and –ir verbs have the same set of endings
Pret. Er/ir endings
Singular Plural
1st person
2nd Person
3rd person
í
iste
ió
imos
ieron
The preterite endings of the verbs dar and ver are the same as those of regular -er and -ir verbs, except for the accent marks.
Pret. dar
Singular Plural
1st person
2nd Person
3rd person
Pret. ver
Singular Plural
1st person
2nd Person
3rd person
di vi
diste viste
dio vio
dimos vimos
dieron vieron
The verbs hacer (to do, to make), poner, traer (to bring), and salir have an irregular yo form.
The yo form has a g. All other forms are the same as those of a regular -er or -ir verb.
hacer poner traer salir
Yo
Tú
Él,ella, ud.
Nosotros
Ellos, ellas, Uds.
gBeware of the sneaky “g”
hago pongo traigo salgo
haces
hace
hacemos
hacen
pones
pone
ponemos
ponen
traes
trae
traemos
traen
sales
sale
salimos
salen
The verb venir (to come) also has an irregular yo form. It conjugates like the verb tener. It is an e-ie stemchanger.
Present venir
Singular Plural
1st person
2nd Person
3rd person
vengo
vienes
viene
venimos
vienen
The present progressive is used in Spanish to express an action that is presently going on—an action in progress.
The present progressive is formed by using the present tense of the verb estar and the present participle—speaking, doing.
To form the present participle of most verbs in Spanish you drop the ending of the infinitive and add -ando to the stem of -ar verbs and -iendo to the stem of -er and -ir verbs.
Note that the verbs leer and traer have a y in the present participle. leyendo trayendo
The verbs saber and conocer both mean to know.
Note that like many Spanish verbs they have an irregular yo form in the present tense. All other forms are regular.
Present saber
Singular Plural
1st person
2nd Person
3rd person
Present conocer
Singular Plural
1st person
2nd Person
3rd person
sé
sabes
sabe
sabemos
saben
conozco
conoces
conoce
conocemos
conocen
The verb saber means to know a fact or to have information about something. It also means to know how to do something.
The verb conocer means to know in the sense of to be acquainted with.
It is used to talk about people and complex or abstract concepts rather than simple facts.
A verb is reflexive when the subject and the object are the same
When a verb is reflexive, the infinitive ends in "se."
The reflexive pronouns are me, te, se, nos, se
Steps to conjugatingCut Fling Flop Chopsuey(switch-a-roonie)Schmoosh
Cut off the “se”Fling “se” in front of the verb
Flop “se” over into me, te, se, nos, or se to match the subjectChop off –ar, -er, -ir
Swich the stem if necessaryAdd the appropriate ending
lav seme ar o