direct combustion, anaerobic digestion, cellulosic biofuels ......yield dry ma^er giant king grass...

VIASPACE|CLEANENERGYFORACLEANERTOMORROW

Direct Combustion, Anaerobic Digestion, Cellulosic Biofuels, Biochemicals, Animal Feed

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Six-month-oldGiantKingGrassinCalifornia


Giant King® Grass Overview

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CharacterisHcs

Veryhighyieldproprietaryhybrid

(non-GMO),harvestedtwiceayearat15+feet

ComposiBonlikeCornStoverandMiscanthus

Cost

Projectedlowestcostdeliveredtothepowerplantorbiorefinery

10xtheyieldofCornStoverand3xtheyieldofMiscanthusperacre

Range

Warmweatherclimates–tropicalregions

includingSouthernU.S.,Hawaii,PuertoRico,VirginIslands,Guam)

Growsonmarginalland

HighpotenBal“plaQorm”energycropforbiopower,biofuels,biochemicalsandotherbioproducts


GKG Characteristics: Fast Growing Perennial Grass

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ATerCuU

ng

3Mon

ths

BiogasProdu

cBon

2Mon

ths

Anim

alFeed

6Mon

ths

Biofue

ls&Biopo

wer


Cost: GKG Advantaged in Key Cost Categories

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Costs KeyDrivers Performance

Grow

th

LandUse ü  HighestyieldperacreoflandWaterUse ü  Highestyieldperacre-footofwaterLandQuality ü  GrowswellonmarginallandLandAmendments ü  PerennialcropimproveslandoverBmethrough

theaddiBonoforganicma^er.

HarvesBn

g/

LogisBcs

HarvesBng ü  CanusestandardequipmentTransportaBon ü  Co-locaBonofbiorefineryorpowerplantand

plantaBonreducestransportaBondistancesandcosts

Storage ü  Just-In-Time,year-roundharvesBngreducesoreliminatesneedforsignificantstorage


VIASPACE Develops Projects in Addition to Being a Feedstock Supplier

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VIASPACEcanprovide•  Agriculturalsupport•  Businessplandevelopment•  Financialmodels•  Prefeasibilitystudies•  Bankablefeasibilitystudies

VIASPACEpartnersprovidetechnology&EPCcontracHng

10-35MWDirectCombusHonPowerPlant1-10MWAnaerobicDigesHonPowerPlant


GKG Projects in Development: Nicaragua Biopower 12MWbiomassdirectcombusBonpowerplant

•  84GWhofsalablebaseloadelectricity•  Wellproventechnology•  connectedtotheNicaraguangrid

Fueledby2,100acreGiantKingGrassplantaBon•  Co-locatedwithpowerplant•  IrrigaBonfromLakeNicaraguaforreliability•  CulBvaBonsimilartosugarcane

VIASPACEpartnerisAGRICORP,alargeagribusinesscompanyinNicaragua•  LandandexperBseforplantaBonoperaBons

EPCcontractsigned,debtfinancingle^erofintentfromIDBandFMO,localuBlitywilloperate

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GiantKingGrassgrowingwellonpartof10,000acrericeplantaHonnotsuitableforrice


GKG Projects in Development: AD Plant on St. Croix, US Virgin Islands TibbarEnergyUSVIisdevelopingananaerobicdigesBon(AD)biogaspowerplantonSt.Croix,USVirginIslands

PrimaryfeedstockisGiantKingGrass,whichwillbegrownon1,500+acres

Biogasusedtopowergeneratortoproduce7MWofbase-loadrenewableelectricity.

Tibbarwillbetheonlybase-loadrenewableenergyprojectindependentoffossilfuelintheUSVI

GiantKingGrassisharvested4-5Bmesayearat8-10feettallforanaerobicdigesBon

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TypicalAnaerobicDigesBonPlant

GiantKingGrassonSt.Croix


Giant King Grass Nursery: San Diego County, California •  PrimarynurseryfacilityisinSanDiegoCounty,CaliforniaandsourceofpropagaBonmaterial

•  GiantKingGrassisvegetaBvelypropagatedlikesugarcane,butatahigherraBoforimprovedscalability

•  ShipmentsandexportsinspectedandapprovedbyUSDA

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Giant King Grass in Hawaii Second VIASPACE Nursery

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GKG Research: Imperial Valley California •  UniversityOfCaliforniaDesertResearchCenter

•  GrowthinhightemperaturedesertcondiBons

•  6monthharvestforbioenergy•  2monthharvestforanimalfeed

•  Highprotein14-17%•  HighYield

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Giant King Grass & Agricultural Waste Straws Have Same Properties

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HigherHeaHngValue


Biomethane Production from GKG

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GKG Composition for Biofuels & Biochemicals

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GiantKingGrasscomposiHonisequivalentorslightlybe^erthanCornStoverandMiscanthusforbiofuelsandbioproducts

;DatafromNovozymes,POET,TMO

SugarsusedforbiofuelsandbioproductsByproducts


Independent Pretreatment & Enzymatic Hydrolysis Testing

“GiantKingGrassethanolproducHonisverysimilartocornstrawandGiantKingGrassisprobablyeasiertoprocess”–POETscienBst

•  Conversionofhemicellulose(xylan)toxylose>90%

•  Conversionofcellulose(glucan)toglucose>85%

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Sugar(meas.)andEthanolYields(est.)

gallons

Co.1

Co.2


High Land Use Productivity

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YieldDryMa^er GiantKingGrass CornStover Miscanthus

USton/acre 42 3.5-4.7 14-18

Metricton/ha 94 8.6-11.6 31-40

GiantKingGrassyieldstwoharvestsperyearinwarmclimatescomparedwithoneharvestperyearforcornandmiscanthus.

Highestlanduseefficiency...

...resultsinhighestproducBvityperacre.

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

CornGrain CornStover Miscanthus GiantKingGrass

Ethanol(gallons/acre)


Giant King Grass Pellets as Coal Replacement GiantKingGrasspelletscanreplaceupto20%ofcoalinanexisBngcoal-firedpowerplant

PreserveslargecapitalinvestmentinexisBngpowerplantw/30yearaddiBonallife

MeetscarbonreducBontargets16Mtonsofpelletsusedgloballytoday,46Mtonsby2020

Grassisgrown,driedandpressedintopelletsandshippedinbulklikeshippinggrain

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Hydrothermal Process Conversion of Giant King Grass to Bio-coal

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PartneredwithPCSBiofuels,Inc.toconvertGKGtodrop-incoalreplacementusingitspatentedPolymerCarbonSolid(PCS)thermalcatalyBcprocess.

ResultsforPCSGKGbiofuel:•  Sameenergydensityasmetallurgicalcoal

(~24MJ/Kg)•  BurnscleanlywithoutgeneraBngsulfur,

mercuryorotheremissionsfoundincoal•  Hydrophobicandcanbestoredoutdoors

likecoalandpulverizedinthesamemachinesascoal.

•  Ashcontentissimilartothatofagoodcoal•  HighmelBngpoint,above950oC;noco-

firingproblemsexpected


MulBpleApplicaBonsGiant King Grass – Platform Crop

•  Cellulosicliquidbiofuels--ethanol/butanol•  Pyrolysistobiooil•  CatalyBcconversiontobiodiesel•  BiochemicalsandbioplasBcs•  High-temperaturegasificaBon•  DirectcombusBonforelectricpower/heat/

steam•  Pelletsforco-firingwithcoal•  Brique^esforboilers•  TorrefacBon/hydrothermalprocessingto

biocoal

•  Biogas/anaerobicdigesBon•  PulpforpaperandtexBles•  Animalfeed

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•  Proximate&UlBmateanalyses•  Tracemetals•  AshcomposiBon&melBngtemperature•  BiomethaneproducBon•  CellulosicsugarcomposiBon•  PretreatmentandenzymaBchydrolysis

•  C5andC6sugars•  Biocoalanalysis•  AnimalfeednutriBon

IndependentTesBngData

EnergycontentHHV:18.4MJ/drykg=4400kcal/kg=7900BTU/lbBiogasproducHon:539-758liters/drykg;51-57%methaneBiofuelsanalysis:Glucan43%;Xylan22%;Arabinan3%Lignin17%CellulosicethanolprojecHon:80gallonsperUSton)CellulosicethanolyieldprojecHon:3,500gallonsperacreBiocoal:24MJ/kgHHV


Summary: Giant King® Grass

•  Highyielddedicatedenergycropproducing21drytonsperacreperharvestwhenharvestedforbiofuelsandbiopowertwiceayearat14+feettall

•  Perennialcrop,cutandregrowfor7–10years•  Noneedtoplow&replanteveryyear•  Promotesstrongsubsoilenvironment

•  Naturalproprietarygrass,notgeneBcallymodified

•  Willgrowonmarginalland,doesnotdisplacefoodcrops

•  WellsuitedforbioenergyapplicaBons•  Providesreliable,lowcostfuelorfeedstockfor

24/7operaBons365days/year

Advantages LimitaBons•  Tropicalandsubtropicalgrassrequiring

non-freezingareasforperennialgrowth

•  GiantKingGrasshashighwateruseefficiencyandisdroughttolerant,butneedsconsistentrainfallorirrigaBonforopBmumproducBon

GiantKingGrassLowestCostFeedstockBecauseofHighYield

HighEnergyContent

ComposiHonlikeCornStraw

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THANKYOU!

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Giant King Grass U.S. Range GiantKingGrassisatropicalandsubtropicalgrasssuitableforSouthernU.S.(zones8+onmap),Hawaii,PuertoRico,VirginIslands,Guam,AmericanSamoa

GiantKingGrasswillsurviveashortfreeze–therootssurviveandplantre-growswhentheweatherwarms–butnotanextendedperiodoffreezingweather

GiantKingGrassrequireswarmweather,sunshineandsufficientrainfallorirrigaBon.

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VIASPACE Background •  VIASPACEisapubliclytradedcompany:SymbolVSPC

•  FullyreporBngtoSECandaudited•  HeadquarteredinCalifornia,USA

•  Originallyfoundedin1998asanincubatortocommercializetechnologyfromCaltech/NASAJetPropulsionLaboratory(JPL)•  Dr.CarlKukkonen,founder,directedaJPLresearchcenter•  Originalproductscame“via”the“space”program

•  VIASPACEnowfocusedonbiomassforbiofuels,bioproductsandbioenergy•  GiantKing®Grassisaproprietaryhigh-yield,dedicatedenergycropcurrentlybeinggrowninCalifornia,Hawaii,St.Croix(USVirginIslands),andothercountriesinAfrica,Asia,CentralandSouthAmerica

•  Experiencedmanagementandtechnicalteam

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direct combustion, anaerobic digestion, cellulosic biofuels ......yield dry ma^er giant king grass...

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