Digital Image Processing In Bike Security

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Presented By : K.Dharshana R.Dhivya

A DIGITAL IMAGEA digital image is an array of real or complex numbers

represented by a finite number of bits.Pixel values typically represent gray levels, colours, heights,

opacities etcRemember digitization implies that a digital image is an

approximation of a real scene

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1 pixel

DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

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How images are represented in the computer ?

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COLOUR IMAGES

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A representation of additive color mixing. Projection of primary color lights on a screen shows secondary colors where two overlap ; the combination of all three of red, green, and blue in appropriate intensities makes white.

IMAGE FORMATION

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• There are two parts to the image formation process:

• The geometry of image formation, which determines where in the image plane the projection of a point in the scene will be located.

• The physics of light, which determines the brightness of a point in the image plane as a function of illumination and surface properties.

CCD (Charged-Coupled Device) camerasTiny solid state cells convert light energy into electrical charge.The image plane acts as a digital memory that can be read row

by row by a computer.

FRAME GRABBERUsually, a CCD camera plugs into a computer board (frame grabber).The frame grabber digitizes the signal and stores it in its memory

(frame buffer).

IMAGE DIGITIZATION

Sampling means measuring the value of an image at a finite number of points.

Quantization is the representation of the measured value at the sampled point by an integer.

IMAGE DIGITIZATION (cont’d)

IMAGE QUANTIZATION (example) 256 gray levels (8bits/pixel) 32 gray levels (5 bits/pixel) 16 gray levels (4 bits/pixel)

8 gray levels (3 bits/pixel) 4 gray levels (2 bits/pixel) 2 gray levels (1 bit/pixel)

Image Sampling (example) original image sampled by a factor of 2

sampled by a factor of 4 sampled by a factor of 8

DIGITAL IMAGEAn image is represented by a rectangular array of integers.An integer represents the brightness or darkness of the image at that

point.N: # of rows, M: # of columns, Q: # of gray levels

N = , M = , Q = (q is the # of bits/pixel) Storage requirements: NxMxQ (e.g., N=M=1024, q=8, 1MB)

(0,0) (0,1) ... (0, 1)

(1,0) (1,1) ... (1, 1)

... ... ... ...

( 1,0) ( 1,1) ... ( 1, 1)

f f f M

f f f M

f N f N f N M

2 n 2 m 2 q

Common Image File FormatsGIF (Graphic Interchange Format) PNG (Portable Network Graphics)JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)PGM (Portable Gray Map)FITS (Flexible Image Transport System)

TYPES OF OPERATIONS

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Operation Characterization

*Point -the output value at a specific coordinate is dependent only on the input value at that same coordinate.

*Local -the output value at a specific coordinate is dependent on the input values in the neighborhood of that same coordinate.  

*Global -the output value at a specific coordinate is dependent on all the values in the input image..

TYPES OF NEIGHBOURHOODThe sampled images are related to their following neighborhoods.

Rectangular SamplingHexagonal Sampling

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NOISE IN IMAGEImage noise is random variation of

brightness or color information in images.

TYPES :PhotonThermalOn chip-ElectronicKTCQuantizationAmplifier

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PALM PRINT RECOGNITION It finds out the palm print template from the database, which is

from the same palm as a given palm print input. All the palm prints must be aligned & normalized for feature

extraction & matching.

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PALM PRINT RECOGNIZER

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BIKE SECURITY SYSTEM

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A recognition system in the accelerator.Two cameras provided in front of the bike and other one

facing the driver.

A UNIFIED FRAMEWORK

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CASE 2 : Missing the key

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The bike starts when there is a key.

CASE 1 : Friend drives the BikeThe palm recognizer can save any of the palm prints

of the frequent users of the bike

ADVANTAGES :Only the authorized person can use the bike.

The only way that the thief can steal is, when we loose the key and he gets

it. But also he can be easily tracked out by the police or us.

Since it is a palm print recognition it is understood that the security will be

100% guaranteed.

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THANK YOU !

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ANY QUERIES ?