Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Engineering Product Definition and Related Documentation Practices

A N I N T E R N A T I O N A L S T A N D A R D

ASME Y14.5-2018(Revision of ASME Y14.5-2009)

ASME Y14.5

ADOPTION NOTICE ASME Y14.5, Dimensioning and Tolerancing, was adopted on 9 February 2009 for use by the Department of Defense (DoD). Proposed changes by DoD activities must be submitted to the DoD Adopting Activity: Commander, U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC), ATTN: AMSRD-AAR-QES-E, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806-5000. Copies of this document may be purchased from The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), 150 Clove Road, 6th Floor, Little Falls, NJ 07424-2139; http://www.asme.org.

Custodians: Army — AR Navy — SA Air Force — 16

Adopting Activity: Army — AR (Project DRPR-2009-003)

Review Activities:

Army — CR, MI, PT, TM Navy — AS, CG, CH, EC, MC, NP, TD Air Force — 13, 99 DLA — DH OSD — SE NSA — NS Other — CM, MP, DC2

NOTE: The activities listed above were interested in this document as of the date of this document. Since organizations and responsibilities can change, you should verify the currency of the information above using the ASSIST Online database at https://quicksearch.dla.mil. ASMC N\A AREA DRPR

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited.

ASME Y14.5-2018(Revision of ASME Y14.5-2009)

Dimensioning andTolerancing

Engineering Product Definition andRelated Documentation Practices

AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

x

Date of Issuance: February 11, 2019

This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition.

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The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990

Copyright © 2019 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

All rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.

CONTENTS

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv

Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv

Correspondence With the Y14 Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi

Section 1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 Reference to This Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 ASME Y14 Series Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 Drawings Without Reference to a Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.6 Reference to Gaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.7 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Section 2 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.2 Cited Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.3 Additional Sources (Not Cited) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Section 3 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Section 4 Fundamental Rules, Tolerancing Defaults, and Dimensioning Practices . . . . . . . . . . . 124.1 Fundamental Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.2 Units of Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.3 Types of Dimensioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.4 Application of Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.5 Dimensioning Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.6 Location of Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Section 5 Tolerancing, Interpretation of Limits, Limits of Size, and Material Condition Modifiers 335.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335.2 Direct Tolerancing Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335.3 Tolerance Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345.4 Interpretation of Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345.5 Single Limit Toleranced Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355.6 Tolerance Accumulation Between Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355.7 Dimensions Related to an Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355.8 Limits of Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355.9 Applicability of Modifiers on Geometric Tolerance Values and Datum Feature References . 365.10 Screw Threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385.11 Gears and Splines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385.12 Boundary Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385.13 Angular Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385.14 Conical Tapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

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5.15 Flat Tapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395.16 Radius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395.17 Tangent Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395.18 Statistical Tolerancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Section 6 Symbology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546.2 Use of Notes to Supplement Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546.3 Symbol Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546.4 Feature Control Frame Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576.5 Feature Control Frame Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586.6 Tolerance Zone Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586.7 Tabulated Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Section 7 Datum Reference Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707.2 Degrees of Freedom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707.3 Degrees of Freedom Constrained by Primary Datum Features RMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707.4 Constraining Degrees of Freedom of a Part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707.5 True Geometric Counterpart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717.6 True Geometric Counterparts and Physical Datum Feature Simulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717.7 Datum Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717.8 Datum Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727.9 Datum Feature Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727.10 Specifying Datum Features in an Order of Precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727.11 Establishing Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737.12 Common Datum Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777.13 Mathematically Defined Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787.14 Multiple Datum Reference Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787.15 Functional Datum Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787.16 Rotational Constraint About a Datum Axis or Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787.17 Application of MMB, LMB, and RMB to Irregular Features of Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807.18 Datum Feature Selection Practical Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807.19 Simultaneous Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807.20 Restrained Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817.21 Datum Reference Frame Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827.22 Customized Datum Reference Frame Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827.23 Application of a Customized Datum Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827.24 Datum Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Section 8 Tolerances of Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1488.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1488.2 Form Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1488.3 Specifying Form Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1488.4 Form Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1488.5 Average Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150Section 9 Tolerances of Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1639.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

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9.2 Orientation Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1639.3 Specifying Orientation Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1639.4 Tangent Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1649.5 Alternative Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164Section 10 Tolerances of Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17910.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17910.2 Positional Tolerancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17910.3 Positional Tolerancing Fundamentals — I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17910.4 Positional Tolerancing Fundamentals — II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18210.5 Pattern Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18410.6 Coaxial Feature Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18710.7 Tolerancing for Symmetrical Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188Section 11 Tolerances of Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24011.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24011.2 Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24011.3 Tolerance Zone Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24011.4 Profile Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24111.5 Material Condition and Boundary Condition Modifiers as Related to Profile Controls . . . . . 24211.6 Composite Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24211.7 Multiple Single-Segment Profile Tolerancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24411.8 Combined Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24411.9 Profile of a Line as a Refinement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24411.10 Dynamic Profile Tolerance Modifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244Section 12 Tolerances of Runout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28712.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28712.2 Runout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28712.3 Runout Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28712.4 Types of Runout Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28712.5 Runout Tolerance and Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28812.6 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28812.7 Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289

Mandatory AppendixI Alternate Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Nonmandatory AppendicesA Principal Changes and Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310B Formulas for Positional Tolerancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315C Form, Proportion, and Comparison of Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318D Former Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Figures3-1 Related and Unrelated AME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103-2 Related and Unrelated Actual Minimum Material Envelope From Figure 3-1 . . . . . . . . . . . 114-1 Angular Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

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4-2 Millimeter Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194-3 Decimal Inch Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194-4 Application of Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194-5 Grouping of Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194-6 Spacing of Dimension Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204-7 Staggered Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204-8 Oblique Extension Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204-9 Breaks in Extension Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204-10 Point Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204-11 Limited Length or Area Indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214-12 Leaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214-13 Leader-Directed Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214-14 Minimizing Leaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224-15 Leader Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224-16 Reading Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224-17 Intermediate Reference Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224-18 Overall Reference Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224-19 Diameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234-20 Radii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234-21 Radius With Located Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234-22 Radii With Unlocated Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234-23 Foreshortened Radii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244-24 True Radius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244-25 Spherical Radius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244-26 Dimensioning Arcs and Chords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244-27 Slotted Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254-28 Partially Rounded Ends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254-29 Rounded Corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254-30 Circular Arc Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254-31 Coordinate or Offset Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254-32 Tabulated Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254-33 Symmetrical Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264-34 Round Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264-35 Counterbored Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264-36 Holes With Multiple Counterbores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274-37 Countersunk and Counterdrilled Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274-38 Countersink on a Curved Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284-39 Spotfaced Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284-40 Chamfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284-41 45° Chamfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284-42 Internal Chamfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294-43 Chamfers Between Surfaces at Other Than 90° . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294-44 Keyseats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294-45 Knurls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294-46 Knurls for Press Fits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

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4-47 Rectangular Coordinate Dimensioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304-48 Rectangular Coordinate Dimensioning Without Dimension Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304-49 Rectangular Coordinate Dimensioning in Tabular Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314-50 Polar Coordinate Dimensioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314-51 Repetitive Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314-52 Repetitive Features and Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325-1 Limit Dimensioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405-2 Plus and Minus Tolerancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405-3 Indicating Symbols for Metric Limits and Fits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405-4 Tolerance Accumulation: One Datum Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415-5 Tolerance Accumulation: Multiple Datum Reference Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425-6 Relating Dimensional Limits to an Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425-7 Extreme Variations of Form Allowed by a Size Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435-8 Extreme Variations of Form Allowed by a Geometric Tolerance — Perfect Form at LMC . . 435-9 Size Meaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445-10 Independency and Flatness Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445-11 Continuous Feature, External Cylindrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455-12 Continuous Feature, Internal Cylindrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455-13 Continuous Feature, External Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465-14 Virtual and Resultant Condition Boundaries Using the MMC Concept — Internal Feature . . 465-15 Virtual and Resultant Condition Boundaries Using the LMC Concept — Internal Feature . . 475-16 Inner and Outer Boundaries Using the RFS Concept — Internal Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485-17 Virtual and Resultant Condition Boundaries Using the MMC Concept — External Feature . 495-18 Virtual and Resultant Condition Boundaries Using the LMC Concept — External Feature . . 505-19 Inner and Outer Condition Boundaries Using the RFS Concept — External Feature . . . . . . 515-20 Tolerancing an Angular Surface Using a Combination of Linear and Angular Dimensions . . 515-21 Specifying Tapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525-22 Specifying a Basic Taper and a Basic Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525-23 Specifying a Flat Taper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525-24 Specifying a Radius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525-25 Specifying a Controlled Radius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535-26 Statistical Tolerancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535-27 Statistical Tolerancing With Arithmetic Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535-28 Statistical Tolerancing With Geometric Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536-1 Geometric Characteristic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596-2 Datum Feature Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596-3 Datum Feature Symbols on a Feature Surface and an Extension Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596-4 Placement of Datum Feature Symbols on Features of Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606-5 Placement of Datum Feature Symbol in Conjunction With a Feature Control Frame . . . . . . 606-6 Two Datum Features Establishing a Single Datum Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616-7 Datum Target Symbol Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616-8 Datum Target Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616-9 Datum Target Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626-10 Datum Target Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626-11 Basic Dimension Symbol Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

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6-12 Modifying Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636-13 Indicating That the Specified Tolerance Is a Statistical Geometric Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . 636-14 Statistical Tolerance Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636-15 “Between” Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636-16 Counterbore and Spotface Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646-17 Countersink Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646-18 Depth Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646-19 Square Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656-20 Dimension Origin Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656-21 Application of “All Over” and “All Around” Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656-22 Feature Control Frame With “Free State” Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656-23 Application of “Movable Datum Target” Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656-24 Feature Control Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656-25 Feature Control Frame Incorporating a Datum Feature Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656-26 Order of Precedence of Datum Feature Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666-27 Multiple Feature Control Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666-28 Combined Feature Control Frame and Datum Feature Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666-29 Feature Control Frame With a Projected Tolerance Zone Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666-30 Feature Control Frame Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676-31 Tabulated Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697-1 Datum Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857-2 Sequence of Datum Features Relates Part to Datum Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867-3 Constrained Degrees of Freedom for Primary Datum Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877-4 Part Where Rotational Constraint Is Important . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887-5 Development of a Datum Reference Frame for the Part in Figure 7-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897-6 Development of a Datum Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907-7 Datum Plane Establishment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927-8 Establishment of Datums for Primary External Cylindrical Datum Feature RMB . . . . . . . . . 927-9 Establishment of Datums for Primary Internal Cylindrical Datum Feature RMB . . . . . . . . . 937-10 Establishment of Datums for Primary External Datum Width Feature RMB . . . . . . . . . . . . 947-11 Establishment of Datums for Primary Internal Datum Width Feature RMB . . . . . . . . . . . . 957-12 Development of a Datum Reference Frame With Translation Modifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967-13 Inclined Datum Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 987-14 Part With Cylindrical Datum Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997-15 Multiple Datum Reference Frames and Their Interrelationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1007-16 Two Coaxial Datum Features, Single Datum Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1017-17 Two Datum Features RMB, Single Datum Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027-18 Hole Pattern Identified as Datum Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1037-19 Effect of Secondary Datum Feature Reference Applicable at RMB and MMB . . . . . . . . . . . 1047-20 Effect of Primary Datum Feature Reference Applicable at RMB and MMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057-21 Secondary and Tertiary Datum Features RMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1067-22 Example Calculations of MMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1077-23 Example Calculations of LMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087-24 Example Calculations of Maximum External Boundary for RMB Applications . . . . . . . . . . . 1097-25 Secondary and Tertiary Datum Features at LMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

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7-26 Secondary and Tertiary Datum Features at MMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1117-27 Planar Common Datum Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1127-28 Partial Surface as a Datum Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1137-29 Contoured Surface as a Datum Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1147-30 Contoured Datum Feature Constraining a Rotational Degree of Freedom: Secondary Datum

Feature RMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1157-31 Contoured Datum Feature Constraining a Rotational Degree of Freedom: Secondary Datum

Feature at MMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1157-32 Planar Datum Feature Constraining a Rotational Degree of Freedom: Secondary Datum Feature

RMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1167-33 Planar Datum Feature Constraining a Rotational Degree of Freedom: Secondary Datum Feature

at MMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1167-34 Planar Datum Feature Constraining a Rotational Degree of Freedom: Secondary Datum Feature

RMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1177-35 Planar Datum Feature Constraining a Rotational Degree of Freedom: Secondary Datum Feature

at BSC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1177-36 Planar Datum Feature Constraining a Rotational Degree of Freedom: Secondary Datum Feature

at MMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1187-37 Planar Datum Feature Constraining a Rotational Degree of Freedom: Secondary Datum Feature

at LMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1187-38 Size Datum Feature Constraining a Rotational Degree of Freedom: Secondary Datum Feature

RMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1197-39 Size Datum Feature Constraining a Rotational Degree of Freedom: Secondary Datum Feature

RMB, Translate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1197-40 Irregular and Regular Features of Size as Datum Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1207-41 Coaxial Irregular Datum Feature of Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1227-42 PossibleDatumFeature andTrueGeometric Counterparts FromThreePinsUsedas an Irregular

Feature of Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1247-43 Mating Parts for Functional Datum Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1257-44 Functional Datum Application: Pulley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1267-45 Functional Datum Application: Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1277-46 Simultaneous Position and Profile Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1287-47 Part With Nominally Aligned Features: Simultaneous Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1297-48 Part With Nominally Aligned Features: Separate Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1307-49 Restrained Condition Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1317-50 Indication of Unrestrained Datum Targets for a Primary Multiple Datum Feature Reference 1327-51 Indication of Unrestrained Datum Targets for a Secondary Datum Feature Reference . . . . 1337-52 Planar Combined Datum Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1347-53 Datum Targets Used to Establish Datum Reference Frame for Complex Part . . . . . . . . . . . 1357-54 Datum Reference Frame Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1367-55 Conical Datum Feature Referenced to Constrain Five Degrees of Freedom . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1377-56 Conical Datum Feature Reference Customized to Constrain Four Degrees of Freedom . . . . 1387-57 Customized Datum Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1397-58 Application of Movable Datum Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1407-59 Datum Target Spheres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1427-60 Application of Datum Targets to Establish a Datum Reference Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1437-61 Primary Datum Axis Established by Datum Target Points on a Single Cylindrical Feature . . 144

ix

7-62 Primary andSecondaryDatumsEstablishedbyDatumTarget Lines onTwoCylindrical Featuresand a Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

7-63 Datum Target Line and Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1467-64 Secondary Datum Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1478-1 Specifying Straightness of a Flat Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1518-2 Specifying Straightness of Surface Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1528-3 Specifying Straightness RFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1538-4 Specifying Straightness at MMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1548-5 Specifying Straightness per Unit Length With Specified Total Straightness, Both RFS . . . . . 1558-6 Possible Results of Specifying Straightness per Unit Length RFS, With No Specified Total . . 1568-7 Specifying Flatness of a Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1568-8 Specifying Flatness of a Derived Median Plane RFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1578-9 Specifying Flatness of a Derived Median Plane at MMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1588-10 Specifying Circularity for a Cylinder or Cone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1598-11 Specifying Circularity of a Sphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1608-12 Specifying Cylindricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1608-13 Specifying Circularity With Average Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1618-14 Specifying Restraint for Nonrigid Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1629-1 Specifying Angularity for a Plane Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1659-2 Specifying Parallelism for a Plane Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1659-3 Specifying Perpendicularity for a Plane Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1669-4 Specifying Orientation for a Plane Surface Relative to Two Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1669-5 Specifying Perpendicularity for a Center Plane (Feature RFS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1679-6 Specifying Angularity for an Axis (Feature RFS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1679-7 Specifying Parallelism for an Axis (Feature RFS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1689-8 Specifying Angularity for an Axis With Two Datum Feature References (Feature RFS) . . . . 1699-9 Specifying Parallelism for an Axis (Both Feature and Datum Feature RFS) . . . . . . . . . . . . 1709-10 Specifying Parallelism for an Axis (Feature at MMC and Datum Feature RFS) . . . . . . . . . . 1719-11 Specifying Perpendicularity for an Axis at a Projected Height (Threaded Hole or Insert at MMC) 1729-12 Specifying Perpendicularity for an Axis (Pin or Boss RFS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1739-13 Specifying Perpendicularity for an Axis Showing Acceptance Boundary (Pin or Boss at MMC) 1749-14 Specifying Perpendicularity for an Axis (Zero Tolerance at MMC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1759-15 Specifying Perpendicularity for an Axis (Zero Tolerance at MMC With a Maximum Specified) 1769-16 Specifying Orientation for a Curved Surface Relative to a Planar Datum Feature . . . . . . . . 1779-17 Specifying Parallelism With a Tangent Plane and Profile of a Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1789-18 Specifying Parallelism With a Tangent Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17810-1 Identifying Basic Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18910-2 Positional Tolerancing With Datum References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19010-3 Positional Tolerancing Relative to Planar Datum Feature Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19110-4 Positional Tolerancing at MMC Relative to Datum Feature Center Planes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19210-5 RFS Applicable to a Feature Tolerance and RMB Applied to a Datum Feature Reference . . 19210-6 Possible Axis Interpretation Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19310-7 Boundary for Surface of a Hole at MMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19310-8 Surface Interpretation for Position Tolerance at MMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19410-9 Axis Interpretation for Position Tolerance at MMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

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10-10 Increase in Positional Tolerance Where Hole Is Not at MMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19510-11 Positional Tolerancing at MMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19510-12 Zero Positional Tolerancing at MMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19610-13 Increase in Positional Tolerance Where Hole Is Not at LMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19610-14 LMC Applied to Boss and Hole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19710-15 Zero Tolerance at LMC Applied to Boss and Hole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19810-16 LMC Applied to a Single Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19910-17 LMC Applied to Pattern of Slots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20010-18 Datum Feature at LMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20010-19 Datum Feature Referenced at MMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20110-20 Interference Diagram, Fastener and Hole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20210-21 Basis for Projected Tolerance Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20210-22 Projected Tolerance Zone Specified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20210-23 Projected Tolerance Zone Indicated With Chain Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20310-24 Projected Tolerance Zone Applied for Studs or Dowel Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20310-25 Same Positional Tolerance for Holes and Counterbores, Same Datum References . . . . . . . . 20310-26 Different Positional Tolerances for Holes and Counterbores, Same Datum References . . . . 20410-27 Positional Tolerances for Holes and Counterbores, Different Datum References . . . . . . . . . 20410-28 Different Positional Tolerance at Each End of a Long Hole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20510-29 Bidirectional Positional Tolerancing, Rectangular Coordinate Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20510-30 Bidirectional Positional Tolerancing, Polar Coordinate Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20610-31 Positional Tolerancing of Tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20610-32 Positional Tolerancing of Slots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20710-33 Virtual Condition for Surfaces of Slot at MMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20710-34 Tolerance Zone for Center Plane of Slot at MMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20710-35 Positional Tolerancing, Boundary Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20810-36 Spherical Feature Located by Positional Tolerancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21010-37 Nonparallel Holes Including Those Not Normal to the Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21110-38 Multiple Patterns of Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21210-39 Hole Patterns Located by Composite Positional Tolerancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21410-40 Hole Patterns of Figure 10-38 With Secondary Datums in Feature-Relating Segments of

Composite Feature Control Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21810-41 Composite Positional Tolerancing of a Circular Pattern of Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21910-42 Radial Hole Pattern Located by Composite Positional Tolerancing— Repeated Primary Datum

Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22010-43 Radial Hole Pattern Located by Composite Positional Tolerancing — Repeated All Datum

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22210-44 Orientation Relative to Three Datum Planes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22310-45 Positional Tolerancing for Coaxial Holes of Same Size, Partial (Parallelism) Refinement of

Feature-Relating Axis Relative to Datums A and BWith Further Refinement of Parallelism toDatum A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

10-46 Three-Segment Composite Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22610-47 Multiple Single-Segment Feature Control Frames With Secondary Datum in Lower Feature

Control Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22710-48 Positional Tolerancing With Multiple Single-Segment Feature Control Frames . . . . . . . . . . 22910-49 Radial Hole Pattern Located by Multiple Single-Segment Feature Control Frames . . . . . . . 230

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10-50 Positional Tolerancing for Coaxial Holes of Same Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23110-51 Positional Tolerancing for Coaxial Holes of Same Size, Partial (Parallelism) Refinement of

Feature of Feature-Relating Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23210-52 Positional Tolerancing for Multiple Features of More Than One Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23210-53 Multiple Patterns of Features, Simultaneous Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23310-54 Multiple Patterns of Features, Separate Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23510-55 Multiple Positional Tolerancing for a Pattern of Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23610-56 Positional Tolerancing for Coaxiality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23710-57 Feature Controlled With Positional Tolerance RFS and Datum Referenced RMB for Coaxiality 23810-58 Two Datum Features, Single Datum Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23810-59 Positional Tolerancing at MMC for Symmetrical Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23910-60 Positional Tolerancing RFS for Symmetrical Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23911-1 Profile of a Surface Application (Bilateral) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24611-2 Profile of a Surface Application (Unilaterally Inside) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24711-3 Profile of a Surface Application (Unilaterally Outside) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24811-4 Profile of a Surface Application (Unequally Disposed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24911-5 Specifying the Profile of a Surface for Sharp Corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25011-6 Specifying Profile of a Surface All Around . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25111-7 Application of Profile of a Surface Tolerance to a Basic Contour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25211-8 Specifying Different Profile Tolerances on Segments of a Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25311-9 Specifying Profile of a Surface Between Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25411-10 Specifying Profile of a Surface All Over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25511-11 Nonuniform Profile Tolerance Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25511-12 Nonuniform Profile Tolerance Zone With Multiple Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25611-13 Nonuniform Profile Tolerance Zone With Zones to Smooth Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25711-14 Nonuniform Profile Tolerance Zone Alternate Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25811-15 Specifying the Profile of a Surface for a Plane Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25911-16 Specifying the Profile of a Surface for Coplanar Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26011-17 Specifying the Profile of a Surface for Coplanar Surfaces to aDatumEstablished byTwoSurfaces 26111-18 Specifying the Profile of a Surface for Stepped Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26211-19 Specifying the Profile of a Conical Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26211-20 Profile Tolerancing of a Conical Feature, Datum Related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26311-21 The Toleranced Feature Is a Referenced Datum Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26411-22 The Toleranced Feature Includes Referenced Datum Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26511-23 “Continuous Feature” Symbol Application in a Profile Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26611-24 Composite Profile Tolerancing of an Irregular Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26711-25 Composite Profile Tolerancing of a Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26811-26 Pattern Located by Composite Profile Tolerancing — Repeated Primary Datum Feature

Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26911-27 Pattern Located by Composite Profile Tolerancing — Repeated Primary and Secondary Datum

Feature References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27211-28 Irregular Shaped Feature With a Profile Size/Form Control and the Pattern Located by

Composite Profile Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27511-29 MMC Principle Used With Profile Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27611-30 Profile of a Surface of Revolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27711-31 Specifying the Combined Profile of a Surface and a Line Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

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11-32 Profile of a Line and Size Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28011-33 Specifying Perpendicularity for a Radial Element of a Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28111-34 Constrained Degree of Freedom Used With Profile of a Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28211-35 Composite Profile With Dynamic Profile to Control Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28311-36 Composite Profile With Dynamic Profile to Control Form and Constrain Rotational Degrees of

Freedom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28411-37 Use of Dynamic Profile in a Two-Single-Segment Profile Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28511-38 Dynamic Profile of a Surface of Revolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28612-1 Features Applicable to Runout Tolerancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29012-2 Specifying Circular Runout — Small Size Tolerance and Large Runout Tolerance . . . . . . . . 29112-3 Specifying Circular Runout Relative to a Datum Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29212-4 Total Runout Applied on a Cylinder and Referenced to a Datum Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29312-5 Total Runout Applied on a Face Surface and Referenced to a Datum Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29412-6 Size and Runout Tolerance Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29512-7 Specifying Circular Runout Using a Large Size Tolerance and a Small Runout Tolerance . . . 29612-8 Specifying Total Runout Using a Large Size Tolerance and a Small Runout Tolerance . . . . . 29712-9 Specifying Runout Relative to Two Cylindrical Datum Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29812-10 Specifying Runout to a Surface and Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29912-11 Specifying Runout Relative to Two Datum Diameters With Form Control Specified . . . . . . 30012-12 Specifying Runout Relative to a Surface and Diameter With Form Control Specified . . . . . . 30112-13 Total Runout Tolerance Applied to a Tangent Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30212-14 Total Runout Tolerance Applied to a Tangent Plane With Alternate Method to Establish Datum

Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30312-15 Surface Profile Tolerance Applied to a Tangent Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30412-16 Runout Tolerance Applied on an Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305I-1 Tolerance Accumulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308I-2 Tolerance Accumulation Ambiguity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309A-1 Specifying Total Runout Relative to a Datum Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314B-1 Floating Fasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317B-2 Fixed Fasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317B-3 Coaxial Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317C-1 Form and Proportion of Datum Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319C-2 Form and Proportion of Geometric Characteristic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320C-3 Form and Proportion of Geometric Dimensioning Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321C-4 Form and Proportion of Modifying Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322C-5 Form and Proportion of Dimensioning Symbols and Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323C-6 Comparison of Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324C-7 Comparison of Other Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

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