dihybrid crosses and different patterns of inheritance
DESCRIPTION
Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance. Dominant/Recessive. when two different alleles are present, one is expressed (dominant) while the other is hidden (recessive). Dihybrid Cross Two Trait Punnett Squares. Dihybrid Cross Two Trait Punnett Squares. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance
![Page 2: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Dominant/Recessive Pattern• when two different alleles are present, one
is expressed (dominant) while the other is hidden (recessive)
![Page 3: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Dihybrid CrossTwo Trait Punnett Squares
![Page 4: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Dihybrid CrossTwo Trait Punnett Squares
• breeding that involves two unique traits– Seed Shape: R = round, r = wrinkled– Seed Color: Y = yellow, y = green
![Page 5: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Dihybrid CrossTwo Trait Punnett Squares
![Page 6: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Dihybrid CrossTwo Trait Punnett Squares
![Page 7: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Dihybrid CrossTwo Trait Punnett Squares
![Page 8: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Dihybrid Example• A plant that is heterozygous for seed shape
(Rr) and heterozygous for seed color (Yy) is self-pollinated. What will the genotypic and phenotypic ratios be of the offspring?
![Page 9: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Dihybrid Example
![Page 10: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Dihybrid Example
RY Ry rY ry
RY
Ry
rY
ry
![Page 11: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Dihybrid Example
RY Ry rY ry
RY RRYY RRYy RrYY RrYy
Ry RRYy RRyy RrYy Rryy
rY RrYY RrYy rrYY rrYy
ry RrYy Rryy rrYy rryy
![Page 12: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Dihybrid Example
• Genotypic Ratio:– 1 RRYY : 2 RRYy : 1 RRyy : 2 RrYY : 4 RrYy :
2 Rryy : 1 rrYY : 2 rrYy : 1 rryy• Phenotypic Ratio:
– 9 Round & Yellow : 3 Round & Green : 3 Wrinkled & Yellow : 1 Wrinkled & Green
![Page 13: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Incomplete dominance• a condition in which a heterozygous
individual appears in-between two different phenotypes– neither allele is completely dominant
• two alleles resulting in three phenotypes
![Page 14: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Incomplete dominance• heterozygous individuals have a phenotype
somewhere in the middle of the two alleles• Example in humans
– a straight-haired parent and a curly-haired parent will produce a wavy-haired child
• use an apostrophe (’) or superscript letters to indicate different alleles– S = straight, S’ = curly
• SS = straight, SS’ = wavy, S’S’ = curly
![Page 15: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Incomplete dominance
![Page 16: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Codominance• two alleles are expressed at the same time• Example in humans
– ABO blood type in humans
![Page 17: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Codominance in Shorthorn Cattle
CWCW
CWCR
CRCR
![Page 18: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Codominance in Camellia Flowers
CWCW
CWCP
CPCP
![Page 19: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Codominance• use superscript letters to show
different alleles–CW = white, CR = red
• CWCW = white, CRCR = red, CWCR = roan
![Page 20: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Multiple alleles• genes with 3 or more alleles possible for the
same character• Example in humans
– ABO blood type in humans
![Page 21: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Multiple Alleles & Codominance
![Page 22: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Multiple alleles• use capital and lowercase letters
and/or superscript letters to show different alleles–TA = __________, TB = __________,
t = __________• TATA = __________, TAt = __________,
TBTB = __________, TBt = __________,
TATB = __________, tt = __________
![Page 23: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Multiple alleles• use capital and lowercase letters
and/or superscript letters to show different alleles–TA = type A blood, TB = __________,
t = __________• TATA = __________, TAt = __________,
TBTB = __________, TBt = __________,
TATB = __________, tt = __________
![Page 24: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Multiple alleles• use capital and lowercase letters
and/or superscript letters to show different alleles–TA = type A blood, TB = type B blood, t
= __________• TATA = __________, TAt = __________,
TBTB = __________, TBt = __________,
TATB = __________, tt = __________
![Page 25: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Multiple alleles• use capital and lowercase letters
and/or superscript letters to show different alleles–TA = type A blood, TB = type B blood, t
= type O blood• TATA = __________, TAt = __________,
TBTB = __________, TBt = __________,
TATB = __________, tt = __________
![Page 26: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Multiple alleles• use capital and lowercase letters
and/or superscript letters to show different alleles–TA = type A blood, TB = type B blood, t
= type O blood• TATA = type A blood, TAt = __________,
TBTB = __________, TBt = __________,
TATB = __________, tt = __________
![Page 27: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Multiple alleles• use capital and lowercase letters
and/or superscript letters to show different alleles–TA = type A blood, TB = type B blood, t
= type O blood• TATA = type A blood, TAt = type A blood,
TBTB = __________, TBt = __________,
TATB = __________, tt = __________
![Page 28: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Multiple alleles• use capital and lowercase letters
and/or superscript letters to show different alleles–TA = type A blood, TB = type B blood, t
= type O blood• TATA = type A blood, TAt = type A blood,
TBTB = type B blood, TBt = __________,
TATB = __________, tt = __________
![Page 29: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Multiple alleles• use capital and lowercase letters
and/or superscript letters to show different alleles–TA = type A blood, TB = type B blood, t
= type O blood• TATA = type A blood, TAt = type A blood,
TBTB = type B blood, TBt = type B blood,
TATB = __________, tt = __________
![Page 30: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Multiple alleles• use capital and lowercase letters
and/or superscript letters to show different alleles–TA = type A blood, TB = type B blood, t
= type O blood• TATA = type A blood, TAt = type A blood,
TBTB = type B blood, TBt = type B blood,
TATB = type AB blood, tt = __________
![Page 31: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Multiple alleles• use capital and lowercase letters
and/or superscript letters to show different alleles–TA = type A blood, TB = type B blood, t
= type O blood• TATA = type A blood, TAt = type A blood,
TBTB = type B blood, TBt = type B blood,
TATB = type AB blood, tt = type O blood
![Page 32: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Sex-linked• a trait that is determined by a gene found
on one of the sex chromosomes– many traits are located only on the X
chromosome
![Page 33: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Sex-linked• leads to many recessive characteristics
being common in males– males only have one copy of the X chromosome
• Examples in humans– colorblindness, hemophilia (bleeder’s disease)
![Page 34: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Sex-linked• must use sex chromosomes as part of
Punnett Square allele identification– Ex: XN = X chromosome with a normal gene,
Xn = X chromosome with a colorblind gene, Y = no gene
![Page 35: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Polygenic Inheritance• several genes
influencing one character
• Example in humans:– height, weight, hair
color, and skin color• won’t use a Punnett
Square with this type of inheritance
![Page 36: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Environmental influences• conditions around organisms also influence
their phenotype
![Page 37: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Environmental influences
![Page 38: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Environmental influences
![Page 39: Dihybrid Crosses and Different Patterns of Inheritance](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56812ba1550346895d8fce1d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Environmental influences• Examples in humans:
– height and weight are influenced by nutrition