digital storytelling
DESCRIPTION
Presentation is about storytelling, digital storytelling, educational use of digital stories, elements of effective storytelling Presentation from ALICT summer school n Kranjska Gora, Slovenia, July 28th 2014, sponsored by Slovene Scholarship Fund EEA/NFMTRANSCRIPT
Univerzav
Ljubljani
Pedagoškafakulteta Digital
storytelling
Story creating, Digital fluency or Programming?
Irena Nančovska Šerbec
Alenka ŽerovnikFaculty of Education
Dep. for math. and [email protected]@pef.uni-lj.si
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Storytelling is a technique of presenting events with words and images.
“we tell ourselves stories in order to live”– Joan Didion
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Think of some of your favorite stories—oral, cinematic, written, etc.What makes them really good?
40.000 years ago
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What is this lesson about?
The use of media? (“digital”)Developing digital competence?Role playing?Programming?Game creating? Problem solving?Or
Just storytelling?Digital storytelling?
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Agenda Story Elements Digital Competence What is Digital Storytelling (DS)?
Why? Types of DS Pedagogical background
Teacher’s Guidelines Producing a DS
Imaging Tools Audio and Video Tools Disseminating digital stories
Experiences Conclusions Next activitylesson Digital stories 9
Story Elements
Setting
Plot
Conflict
Character
Point of View
Theme
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Setting
The time and locationa) Place b) Time c) Weather conditions d) Social conditions e) Mood or atmosphere
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Plot
How the author arranges events to develop his basic idea Sequence of events
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Plot
a) Introduction b) Rising Action
where the events in the story become complicated and the conflict in the story is revealed
c) Climax the highest point of interest and the turning point of the
story
d) Falling action the events and complications begin to resolve
themselves
e) Denouement (outcome of the story) the final outcome or untangling of events in the story.
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Character Persons in a work of fiction –
Protagonist (central) and Antagonist (opposite)
The Characteristics of a Person – a) his/her physical appearance b) what he/she says, thinks, feels and dreams c) what he/she does or does not do d) what others say about him/her and how
others react to him/her
Individual, static, developing
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Conflict
Conflict is essential to plot. Without conflict there is no plot. It is the opposition of forces which ties one
incident to another and makes the plot move.
Any form of opposition that faces the main character.
Internal/external Man vs.: men, society, circumstances,
himself…
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Point of View
The angle from which the story is told Innocent Eye – eyes of a child Stream of Consciousness - the reader feels as
if they are inside the head of one character First Person - by the protagonist or one of the
characters (using pronouns I, me, we, etc). Omniscient- move from character to
character, event to event…
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Theme
Its controlling idea or its central insight. Examples:
Love is blind Believe in yourself People are afraid of change Don't judge a book by its cover
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Digital Competence
Digital Competence has been acknowledged as one of the 8 key competences for Lifelong Learning by the European Union.
Digital Competence can be broadly defined as the confident, critical and creative use of ICT to achieve goals related to work, employability, learning, leisure, inclusion and/or participation in society.
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Story in digital clothes
“Digital storytelling" is a relatively new term which describes the new practice of ordinary people who use digital tools to tell their 'story'.
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What is Digital Storytelling (DS)?
Digital storytelling is a special form of creating multimedia materials, which allows the student to present his views to visualize, describe and defend them.
This method of expression in digital world goes beyond traditional storytelling involves animations, sounds, text,
nonlinear events and interactions.
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Digital story is more…
Digital Storytelling is much more than just writing a story or putting multimedia together.
Planning, analysis, and critical thinking is needed throughout the process as students develop a story using the story arc
The phases of Digital Storytelling help organize and insure a successful, productive and rewarding experience.
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According to ISTE
ISTE = International Society for Technology in EducationNETS-S (For students):1. Creativity and Innovation2. Communication and Collaboration3. Research and Information Fluency4. Critical Thinking, Problem Solving, and Decision Making5. Digital Citizenship6. Technology Operations and Concepts
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According to ISTE
NETS-T (For teachers):1. Facilitate and Inspire Student Learning and Creativity2. Design and Develop Digital Age Learning Experiences3. Model Digital Age Work and Learning4. Promote and Model Digital Citizenship and Responsibility
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Types of Digital Stories
1. Personal Narratives Character stories Memorial stories Stories about events or places in our lives Stories about what we do Recovery & discovery stories Love Stories
2. Examination of Historical Themes and Events Explore and depict a historical theme or event. Require students to research a topic Use informational & media literacy skills
3. Stories that Inform or Instruct Curriculum content which delivers information Motivational/Inspirational Testimonial
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Digital Personal Narrative – Readinghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AjrNm5h7gzE
Why do we use Digital Storytelling?It provides opportunities for students to develop
Literacy Skill Building Communication Skills Problem solving, critical thinking Programming Language Fluency Technology Literacy Creative Problem-Solving Process of Design Sharing and Collaboration Role playing.
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Pedagogical background
Teachers, by means of digital storytelling, incerase students' motivation and emphatic listening.
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Pedagogical background
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Convergence of student-centered
learning strategies (Barrett, 2006)
Teacher’s guidelines: Start a DS
Ask “What do I want to tell?” use text
Ask “What emotion do I want to convey?”
Ask “What is important?” focus Gather the images to bring the
story to life Gather the sound to bring the
images to life Use voice, background soundtrack Spend time assembling the story
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Digital stories
Seven Elements of Effective Storytelling
1. Point (of View)2. Dramatic Question3. Emotional Content4. Voice5. Power of the Soundtrack6. Economy7. Pacing
(Robin, 2008)
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1. Point (of View)
What is the main idea behind the story? What is the storyteller trying to
communicate? What perspective is adopted by the
storyteller? Use first-person to create a more
intimate story and claim responsibility
Example: Joy Relly: “Howling at the Moon”http://digitalstory.osu.edu/stories/
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2. Dramatic Question Dramatic tension/conflict What question is the story trying to answer? How is the story structured? How is it resolved? How are the audience’s expectations met or challenged?
Example: Kerry Ballast’s Rituals
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3. Emotional Content
Stories that move us are more powerful—but the feeling must be authentic.
How does the story make the audience feel—and how does it achieve that emotional impact?
Example: David Noah’s “Photo Opportunities” (2007)
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4. Voice
The voice conveys meaning and feeling powerfully—don’t be afraid of it!
Conversational tone best captures the audience Write for the ear.
Example: Danny and Annie Perasa
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5. Power of the Soundtrack
What music best accompanies the story—sets the tone without being too dominant? (Perhaps it’s no music…)
Instrumental music often works best Sound effects can also heighten tension or
convey the story’s theme
Example: Iraqi KurdistanExample: Calling Me
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6. Economy Shorter is often better—cut the story to the core The CDS suggests that a digital story should be
2-3 minutes long Let the images tell the story; use images that
illustrate key ideas in the story Draw the eye to what’s important Use movement to add energy and emphasis Use juxtapositions and transitions to suggest
change Consider how metaphor can advance the story:
e.g. image of son fading into picture in Photo Opportunities
Example: Things Smallhttp://digitalstory.osu.edu/stories/academic/
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7. Pacing
Rhythm of the story Fast pace = exciting; slow pace =
meditative Changes in pace can be effective, as
can pauses
Example: Example: “Home Movies”, http://www.storycenter.org/stories/
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Producing a Digital Story Decide what your story will be about
Use questions to prompt your reflection, such as “What was a decisive moment in your life?” or “Who is a mentor or hero?”
Gather the elements of your story, e.g. pictures, songs, video
Script your story & get feedback on it Create a storyboard Digitize story elements Record a voiceover Assemble the story using video editing or
presentation software Screen & share your story
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Imaging tools
Getting images You can create them using a digital camera or scanner You can download them from an open image archives,
like Flickr (and others listed at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photo-sharing_websites) Check copyright to make sure you can use the images The quality of some online images may not be sufficient.
Editing images Typical operations: crop, touch up, improve brightness &
contrast, rotate, add text Photo editor, e.g. Photoshop (Elements), GIMP
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Audio & Video Tools Audio recording and editing
Record and edit audio using Audacity (free software), WavePad, Wavosaur, Vocaro
Use a microphone Download copyright-free music, e.g.
Free Music Archive Podsafe
Video-editing. Slide-show production software Online loopster, stupeflix studio Web-based, e.g. JumpCut & other tools at
http://cogdogroo.wikispaces.com/50+Ways Free & easy: iMovie (Mac); Windows Movie Maker, PhotoStory
(Windows), SlideStory (web-based) Moderately priced: FinalCut Express, ULead VideoStudio Professional (expensive & complex): FinalCut Pro, Premiere
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Disseminating digital stories
Distribute a CD or DVD Make available online:
Your own web site YouTube, OurMedia, etc.
Examples
• Project work - students of Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana• Primary Teacher Education• The Two-Subject Teacher (Comp. Sci.)• Art Pedagogy
CS students are skilled in SW use and publishing (technology competence)
CS students have problems with imagination, relating DS to objectives, esthetics of graphics
Art Pedagogy students have problems with SW selection and use
They have imagination and creative ideas
They are good in design
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Example 1
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primary school student, Scratch
Example 1 – Scratch story 11 years old student Introduce yourself: Anja
Hobby or Meaningful event from your life At least one guess and counting the number of
guesses Learning objectives related to storytelling,
programming and multimedia use: conditions, loops, variables and events scenes, character changes "costumes”
(animation), recording your own voice, storage and use of music and video…
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Example 1 – Scratch story
The student wrote a story on paper
Selected the main character, animation
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Example 1 – Scratch story
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Line of story
Example 2 - Story jumper
Jakob and Sara are learning about what is going on on a farm during the seasons
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Authors: B. Tomšič and M. Tolar, 1st y. students of Prim. teacher edu program
Example 2 – Story jumper
Features: Images, text and rich gallery Suitable for young childreen
Scenario and learning goals:http://pomladnoprebujenje.weebly.com/digitalna-zgodba.html
work on a farm during seasons, concepts like fertilizing, planting …
differences between seasons plants need water and light to grow the learner knows which products produced by each animal on
the farm gets familiar with Storyjumper. learner creates his own story with the same topic
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Example 3 – Story Jumper
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Authors: : P. Kerpan and N. Šutič, 1st y. students of Prim. teacher edu progra
Food Chain
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Example 3 – StoryJumper
Features: text, images, audio, video online
Scenario and learning goals:http://pikake.weebly.com/ http://www.storyjumper.com/book/index/15570322/PREHRANJEVALNA-VERIGA
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Example 4 - Movie maker
Žan is going to school for the first time
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Authors: G. Šumrada & S. Pezdir 1st y. students of Prim. teacher edu program
Example 4 – Movie maker
Scenario and learning goals: http://projektnanaloga1.weebly.com/
Tools: Movie Maker, Inkscape (for graphics)
Features: text, images, audio,
video not online
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Example 5 - Littlebirdtales
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Authors: K. Bunderšek & N. Bergant , 1st y. students of Prim. teacher edu program
Jaka and his trip to school
Example 5 – Littlebirdtales
Features: text, images, audio, video online
Scenario and learning goals:http://littlebirdtales.com/tales/view/story_id/414559
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Example 6 - UTellStory
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Authors: K. Klinc and Karmen Dolenc , 1st y. students of Prim. teacher edu progra
Jan is learning about woods
Example 6 – UTellStory
Features: text, images, audio, video online
Scenario and learning goals:http://www.utellstory.com/viewstory/view/2693cdb8665f5e0f7355f48ce9b81d73#
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Conclusions Digital storytelling
pushes students in critical thinking, requiring them to incorporate their opinions and perspectives.
Creating DS projects is interesting and engaging
DSs are powerful combination technology and creative skills
DSs Motivate students to perform professional work and engage them in a process that helps make learning relevant and exciting.
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Conclusions
Easy to address: Combination of technology and
creativity Technology is easy to reach Technology as distraction
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Conclusions
Less easy, but doable:For students: Intellectual honesty (copyrights,
plagiarism) Resistance to realize from idea to DS Evaluation of project work in the light of
articulated criteriaFor professors: Defining fair criteria for assessment of
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What’s Next For Our WorkshopStory Cycle
Brainstorming of ideas in groups Present ideas Public selection Write scenario in a group
Use concrete, evocative language Storyboard
Collect materials (photos, videos, sounds…)
Merge with appropriate SW
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Story Cycle
Share the Story Your story needs to be told! Publish it on e. g. YouTube Share it with other participants Reflections Improve the story
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