digital storytelling

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Univerz a v Ljubljani Pedagoška fakultet a Digital storytelling Story creating, Digital fluency or Programming? Irena Nančovska Šerbec Alenka Žerovnik Faculty of Education Dep. for math. and comp. Irena.Nancovska@ pef.uni- lj.si [email protected]

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Presentation is about storytelling, digital storytelling, educational use of digital stories, elements of effective storytelling Presentation from ALICT summer school n Kranjska Gora, Slovenia, July 28th 2014, sponsored by Slovene Scholarship Fund EEA/NFM

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Digital Storytelling

Univerzav

Ljubljani

Pedagoškafakulteta Digital

storytelling

Story creating, Digital fluency or Programming?

Irena Nančovska Šerbec

Alenka ŽerovnikFaculty of Education

Dep. for math. and [email protected]@pef.uni-lj.si

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Storytelling is a technique of presenting events with words and images.

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“we tell ourselves stories in order to live”– Joan Didion

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Think of some of your favorite stories—oral, cinematic, written, etc.What makes them really good?

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40.000 years ago

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What is this lesson about?

The use of media? (“digital”)Developing digital competence?Role playing?Programming?Game creating? Problem solving?Or

Just storytelling?Digital storytelling?

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Agenda Story Elements Digital Competence What is Digital Storytelling (DS)?

Why? Types of DS Pedagogical background

Teacher’s Guidelines Producing a DS

Imaging Tools Audio and Video Tools Disseminating digital stories

Experiences Conclusions Next activitylesson Digital stories 9

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Story Elements

Setting

Plot

Conflict

Character

Point of View

Theme

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Setting

The time and locationa) Place b) Time c) Weather conditions d) Social conditions e) Mood or atmosphere

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Plot

How the author arranges events to develop his basic idea Sequence of events

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Plot

a) Introduction b) Rising Action

where the events in the story become complicated and the conflict in the story is revealed

c) Climax the highest point of interest and the turning point of the

story

d) Falling action the events and complications begin to resolve

themselves

e) Denouement (outcome of the story) the final outcome or untangling of events in the story.

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Character Persons in a work of fiction –

Protagonist (central) and Antagonist (opposite)

The Characteristics of a Person – a) his/her physical appearance b) what he/she says, thinks, feels and dreams c) what he/she does or does not do d) what others say about him/her and how

others react to him/her

Individual, static, developing

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Conflict

Conflict is essential to plot. Without conflict there is no plot. It is the opposition of forces which ties one

incident to another and makes the plot move.

Any form of opposition that faces the main character.

Internal/external Man vs.: men, society, circumstances,

himself…

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Point of View

The angle from which the story is told Innocent Eye – eyes of a child Stream of Consciousness - the reader feels as

if they are inside the head of one character First Person - by the protagonist or one of the

characters (using pronouns I, me, we, etc). Omniscient- move from character to

character, event to event…

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Theme

Its controlling idea or its central insight. Examples:

Love is blind Believe in yourself People are afraid of change Don't judge a book by its cover

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Digital Competence

Digital Competence has been acknowledged as one of the 8 key competences for Lifelong Learning by the European Union.

Digital Competence can be broadly defined as the confident, critical and creative use of ICT to achieve goals related to work, employability, learning, leisure, inclusion and/or participation in society.

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Story in digital clothes

“Digital storytelling" is a relatively new term which describes the new practice of ordinary people who use digital tools to tell their 'story'.

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What is Digital Storytelling (DS)?

Digital storytelling is a special form of creating multimedia materials, which allows the student to present his views to visualize, describe and defend them.

This method of expression in digital world goes beyond traditional storytelling involves animations, sounds, text,

nonlinear events and interactions.

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Digital story is more…

Digital Storytelling is much more than just writing a story or putting multimedia together.

Planning, analysis, and critical thinking is needed throughout the process as students develop a story using the story arc

The phases of Digital Storytelling help organize and insure a successful, productive and rewarding experience.

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According to ISTE

ISTE = International Society for Technology in EducationNETS-S (For students):1. Creativity and Innovation2. Communication and Collaboration3. Research and Information Fluency4. Critical Thinking, Problem Solving, and Decision Making5. Digital Citizenship6. Technology Operations and Concepts

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According to ISTE

NETS-T (For teachers):1. Facilitate and Inspire Student Learning and Creativity2. Design and Develop Digital Age Learning Experiences3. Model Digital Age Work and Learning4. Promote and Model Digital Citizenship and Responsibility

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Types of Digital Stories

1. Personal Narratives Character stories Memorial stories Stories about events or places in our lives Stories about what we do Recovery & discovery stories Love Stories

2. Examination of Historical Themes and Events Explore and depict a historical theme or event. Require students to research a topic Use informational & media literacy skills

3. Stories that Inform or Instruct Curriculum content which delivers information Motivational/Inspirational Testimonial

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Digital Personal Narrative – Readinghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AjrNm5h7gzE

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Why do we use Digital Storytelling?It provides opportunities for students to develop

Literacy Skill Building Communication Skills Problem solving, critical thinking Programming Language Fluency Technology Literacy Creative Problem-Solving Process of Design Sharing and Collaboration Role playing.

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Pedagogical background

Teachers, by means of digital storytelling, incerase students' motivation and emphatic listening.

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Pedagogical background

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Convergence of student-centered

learning strategies (Barrett, 2006)

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Teacher’s guidelines: Start a DS

Ask “What do I want to tell?” use text

Ask “What emotion do I want to convey?”

Ask “What is important?” focus Gather the images to bring the

story to life Gather the sound to bring the

images to life Use voice, background soundtrack Spend time assembling the story

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Digital stories

Seven Elements of Effective Storytelling

1. Point (of View)2. Dramatic Question3. Emotional Content4. Voice5. Power of the Soundtrack6. Economy7. Pacing

(Robin, 2008)

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Digital stories

1. Point (of View)

What is the main idea behind the story? What is the storyteller trying to

communicate? What perspective is adopted by the

storyteller? Use first-person to create a more

intimate story and claim responsibility

Example: Joy Relly: “Howling at the Moon”http://digitalstory.osu.edu/stories/

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Digital stories

2. Dramatic Question Dramatic tension/conflict What question is the story trying to answer? How is the story structured? How is it resolved? How are the audience’s expectations met or challenged?

Example: Kerry Ballast’s Rituals

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Digital stories

3. Emotional Content

Stories that move us are more powerful—but the feeling must be authentic.

How does the story make the audience feel—and how does it achieve that emotional impact?

Example: David Noah’s “Photo Opportunities” (2007)

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Digital stories

4. Voice

The voice conveys meaning and feeling powerfully—don’t be afraid of it!

Conversational tone best captures the audience Write for the ear.

Example: Danny and Annie Perasa

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Digital stories

5. Power of the Soundtrack

What music best accompanies the story—sets the tone without being too dominant? (Perhaps it’s no music…)

Instrumental music often works best Sound effects can also heighten tension or

convey the story’s theme

Example: Iraqi KurdistanExample: Calling Me

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Digital stories

6. Economy Shorter is often better—cut the story to the core The CDS suggests that a digital story should be

2-3 minutes long Let the images tell the story; use images that

illustrate key ideas in the story Draw the eye to what’s important Use movement to add energy and emphasis Use juxtapositions and transitions to suggest

change Consider how metaphor can advance the story:

e.g. image of son fading into picture in Photo Opportunities

Example: Things Smallhttp://digitalstory.osu.edu/stories/academic/

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Digital stories

7. Pacing

Rhythm of the story Fast pace = exciting; slow pace =

meditative Changes in pace can be effective, as

can pauses

Example: Example: “Home Movies”, http://www.storycenter.org/stories/

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Digital stories

Producing a Digital Story Decide what your story will be about

Use questions to prompt your reflection, such as “What was a decisive moment in your life?” or “Who is a mentor or hero?”

Gather the elements of your story, e.g. pictures, songs, video

Script your story & get feedback on it Create a storyboard Digitize story elements Record a voiceover Assemble the story using video editing or

presentation software Screen & share your story

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Digital stories

Imaging tools

Getting images You can create them using a digital camera or scanner You can download them from an open image archives,

like Flickr (and others listed at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photo-sharing_websites) Check copyright to make sure you can use the images The quality of some online images may not be sufficient.

Editing images Typical operations: crop, touch up, improve brightness &

contrast, rotate, add text Photo editor, e.g. Photoshop (Elements), GIMP

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Digital stories

Audio & Video Tools Audio recording and editing

Record and edit audio using Audacity (free software), WavePad, Wavosaur, Vocaro

Use a microphone Download copyright-free music, e.g.

Free Music Archive Podsafe

Video-editing. Slide-show production software Online loopster, stupeflix studio Web-based, e.g. JumpCut & other tools at

http://cogdogroo.wikispaces.com/50+Ways Free & easy: iMovie (Mac); Windows Movie Maker, PhotoStory

(Windows), SlideStory (web-based) Moderately priced: FinalCut Express, ULead VideoStudio Professional (expensive & complex): FinalCut Pro, Premiere

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Disseminating digital stories

Distribute a CD or DVD Make available online:

Your own web site YouTube, OurMedia, etc.

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Examples

• Project work - students of Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana• Primary Teacher Education• The Two-Subject Teacher (Comp. Sci.)• Art Pedagogy

CS students are skilled in SW use and publishing (technology competence)

CS students have problems with imagination, relating DS to objectives, esthetics of graphics

Art Pedagogy students have problems with SW selection and use

They have imagination and creative ideas

They are good in design

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Example 1

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primary school student, Scratch

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Example 1 – Scratch story 11 years old student Introduce yourself: Anja

Hobby or Meaningful event from your life At least one guess and counting the number of

guesses Learning objectives related to storytelling,

programming and multimedia use: conditions, loops, variables and events scenes, character changes "costumes”

(animation), recording your own voice, storage and use of music and video…

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Example 1 – Scratch story

The student wrote a story on paper

Selected the main character, animation

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Example 1 – Scratch story

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Line of story

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Example 2 - Story jumper

Jakob and Sara are learning about what is going on on a farm during the seasons

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Authors: B. Tomšič and M. Tolar, 1st y. students of Prim. teacher edu program

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Example 2 – Story jumper

Features: Images, text and rich gallery Suitable for young childreen

Scenario and learning goals:http://pomladnoprebujenje.weebly.com/digitalna-zgodba.html

work on a farm during seasons, concepts like fertilizing, planting …

differences between seasons plants need water and light to grow the learner knows which products produced by each animal on

the farm gets familiar with Storyjumper. learner creates his own story with the same topic

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Example 3 – Story Jumper

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Authors: : P. Kerpan and N. Šutič, 1st y. students of Prim. teacher edu progra

Food Chain

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Example 3 – StoryJumper

Features: text, images, audio, video online

Scenario and learning goals:http://pikake.weebly.com/ http://www.storyjumper.com/book/index/15570322/PREHRANJEVALNA-VERIGA

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Example 4 - Movie maker

Žan is going to school for the first time

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Authors: G. Šumrada & S. Pezdir 1st y. students of Prim. teacher edu program

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Example 4 – Movie maker

Scenario and learning goals: http://projektnanaloga1.weebly.com/

Tools: Movie Maker, Inkscape (for graphics)

Features: text, images, audio,

video not online

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Example 5 - Littlebirdtales

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Authors: K. Bunderšek & N. Bergant , 1st y. students of Prim. teacher edu program

Jaka and his trip to school

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Example 5 – Littlebirdtales

Features: text, images, audio, video online

Scenario and learning goals:http://littlebirdtales.com/tales/view/story_id/414559

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Example 6 - UTellStory

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Authors: K. Klinc and Karmen Dolenc , 1st y. students of Prim. teacher edu progra

Jan is learning about woods

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Example 6 – UTellStory

Features: text, images, audio, video online

Scenario and learning goals:http://www.utellstory.com/viewstory/view/2693cdb8665f5e0f7355f48ce9b81d73#

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Conclusions Digital storytelling

pushes students in critical thinking, requiring them to incorporate their opinions and perspectives.

Creating DS projects is interesting and engaging

DSs are powerful combination technology and creative skills

DSs Motivate students to perform professional work and engage them in a process that helps make learning relevant and exciting.

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Conclusions

Easy to address: Combination of technology and

creativity Technology is easy to reach Technology as distraction

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Conclusions

Less easy, but doable:For students: Intellectual honesty (copyrights,

plagiarism) Resistance to realize from idea to DS Evaluation of project work in the light of

articulated criteriaFor professors: Defining fair criteria for assessment of

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What’s Next For Our WorkshopStory Cycle

Brainstorming of ideas in groups Present ideas Public selection Write scenario in a group

Use concrete, evocative language Storyboard

Collect materials (photos, videos, sounds…)

Merge with appropriate SW

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Story Cycle

Share the Story Your story needs to be told! Publish it on e. g. YouTube Share it with other participants Reflections Improve the story

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