digital radiography artifacts...artifacts in digital radiography (ddr & cr) by leung chuen yung...
TRANSCRIPT
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IMAGING LAB
MPHY 487
DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY ARTIFACTS
Mohammad Esmael Alsulimane B.Sc, M.Sc
Medical Physics Lecturer - Physics Department
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All Rights Reserved:
Some information and figures in this presentation are collection from presentations
who's name are listed below.
Artifacts in Digital Radiography (DDR & CR) By Leung Chuen Yung - RAD II, QEH
General Radiographic Image Artifacts, The Art of the Image: The Identification and Remediation of
Image Artifacts in Projection Radiography By Alisa Walz-Flannigan, Ph.D. DABR - Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
http://www.upstate.edu/radiology/education/rsna/radiography/artifact.php
http://www.upstate.edu/radiology/education/rsna/radiography/issues.php
http://www.wikiradiography.net/page/Artefacts
Please Note:
The first two references it is very important and useful for thus who are works as Medical
Physicists related to Medical Imaging fields.
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Contents
Causes and Sources of Artifacts in
Digital Medical Radiography
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Artifacts
• Any undesirable objects OR structures recorded on the radiography
image cause degraded image quality.
• Produced from :
- Patients such as motion, poor preparations
- Technologists such as less knowledge, less training
- Machines, there are various artifacts from CR and DR radiography
machines.
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Noisy Detector Power Supply Artifacts
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Appearance:
Vertical lines, which are symmetrical around the center
of the image.
Cause:
Caused by a noisy detector power supply
Solution:
Replace power supply
Noisy Detector Power Supply Artifacts
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Loose Cone Artifacts
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Appearance:
White edges.
Cause:
Cone has fallen out of the x-ray tube port and is blocking the
collimator from opening.
Solution:
Remove the collimator and re-attach the cone to the tube port
Loose Cone Artifacts
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Bar code Artifacts
DR
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Bar code Artifacts
Appearance:
Barcode appear on screen
Cause:
Cause by a failure in a data module or the detector
Solution:
Perform bad pixel calibration, if calibration fail then replace
detector
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Double Exposure
Artifacts CR
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Appearance:
Duplication of images
Causes:
Two subsequent exposure on same imaging plate
Solution:
Proper knowledge of using of X-ray equipment
Double Exposure Artifacts
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Poor Collimation Artifacts
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Appearance:
Unsharp images
Causes:
Improper collimation
Solution:
Proper collimation in accordance with cassette size and body
part
Poor Collimation Artifacts
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Effect of FOV
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Scatter and Collimation
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Exposure Through
Back of Cassette
CR
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Exposure Through Back of Cassette
Appearance:
Various patterns of image according to cassette design
Causes:
Poor basic knowledge of construction of cassettes
Solution:
Proper education of radiographers in handling of cassettes
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Improper Exposure KV
Artifacts
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Appearance:
Darkening or whitening of image
Causes:
Improper exposure setting
Solution:
Proper exposure factors to be used based on body part and
patient size
Improper Exposure KV Artifacts
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Moire Pattern
Artifacts
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Appearance:
Different types of moire pattern
Causes:
Improper Grid usage with low grid frequencies
Solution:
Usage of grids with 60 lines/cm or more; grid lines should run
perpendicular to plate reader’s laser scan lines
Moire Pattern Artifacts
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Grid (Bucky)
• Gustav Bucky who discover and event the Bucky.
• Notice the effect of Compton scattering and how the image degrades.
• Designed a lead grid to absorb the scattered radiation .
•The problem appears the lead grid on screen film.
•Hollis Potter he solve this problem by events the movable grid, its using till today.
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Grid (Bucky)
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The two images shown above were obtained using no scatter removal grid and using the
identical radiographic techniques 65 kV and 3 mAs. The only difference between these two
images is that the one on the left had blocks of Plexiglas added adjacent to the knee
phantom; this additional material produces a large amount of Compton scatter, which
markedly degrades the image contrast seen in the knee region.
Importance of Scatter
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Scatter Removal Grids
KV = 75 kV mAS = 25
Scatter Removal Grid
KV = 75 kV mAS = 3
No Scatter Removal Grid
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Scratches Artifacts This artifact will may
cause wrong diagnosis
(stone)
CR
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Scratches Artifacts
Appearance:
Kink marks on the image
Causes:
Mishandling of imaging plate during cleaning process
Solution:
Cassettes and image plates should be handled with care
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Light Bulb Artifacts
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Light Bulb Artifacts
Appearance:
Darkening of lower and outer portions of an image
Causes:
High exposure, back scattered radiation entering imaging plate from
patient’s bed due to increased exposure for obese patients or due to
uncollimated x ray
Solution:
Reduce back scatter by lowering the KV or proper collimation.
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Dust Artifacts
CR
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Dust Artifacts
Appearance:
Focal radiopacities
Causes:
Dust particles wedged over imaging plate
Solution:
• Regular cleaning of imaging plates with proper cleaner
(EthylAlcohol).
• Paper towels or gauze should not be used because they leave fibers on
the plate, the use of lint-free cloth is advisable.
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Disparity Artifact
CR
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Disparity Artifact Appearance:
Defective scanning resulting in alteration in image contrast, lower half of it was
exposed to laser beam for longer time, which resulted in brighter image output
Causes:
Malfunctioning of rollers in CR reader
Solution:
• Periodic cleaning of roller in CR reader by the supplier
• Optimal image
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Ruler Damage Artifacts
This artifact will may
cause wrong diagnosis
(granulomas in lung)
CR
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Damage of imaging plate due to
rollers
Appearance:
Chest radiograph shows radiopacities (arrows) along right lateral chest
wall, focal linear radiopacities
Causes:
Mechanical damaging of Imaging Plate during transport through rollers
Solution:
Replace that part of roller
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Deodorant Artifacts
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Hair Bun
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Clothes Ribbing
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Jewellery
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Lighter in the pocket
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Umbilical Ring
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Plaster
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Strap
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Finger Marks
CR
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Air in the Ventricles
Air head
Is this ARTIFACT??