notes area on backConventional Construction Drawings still required, with 3D model being issued along with the 2D drawing information to form the basis of the fabricator’s and landscape contractor’s work.

Basic design to fabrication process; 3D Rhino model, CNC cut stone, completed design.

Fabrication with Natural Stone – Case Study: Pier Head, Liverpool, UK. Completion 2008/09. Liverpool’s primary civic space and UNESCO World Heritage Site, redesigned due to a new canal link.

Rhino has become the industry standard to designing complex 3D forms and curvilinear geometry, making it ideal for many landscape architectural appli-cations. Rhino: www.rhino3d.com Grasshopper: www.grasshopper3d.com

With digital model making becoming increasingly common place the next step is to fabricate finished designs using similar techniques, increasing creative freedom and refinement.

Model making options for prototyping custom landscape elements; CNC Milling: Same technique used to fabricate finished designs at 1:1 scale, now largely surpassed by 3D printing for model making. Laser Cutting: Often used for contour models, it can also be used for making other objects by cutting a series of sections which are then glued together. 3D Printing: Offering the highest level of detail, with main limitation being the size of model that can be made.

Digital fabrication has evolved from a highly specialized model making technique used by car designers, to a manufacturing technique available to all.

Digital Craftsmanship: Digital Fabrication Techniques for Custom Designed Landscape Elements.

Session DescriptionDigital craftsmanship allows designers to shape the most complex and artful forms from stone, pre-cast concrete, and metal in a process that reduces fabrication time, making custom elements more affordable for clients. The key is knowing how to use 3D modeling to your advantage.

Learning Objectives 1. Gain insights from built project

examples in the US, UK and Italy.2. Identify the best software and

how to transfer the 3D files to afabricator.

3. Learn the process behindmaking a pre-cast concretemould from a 3D file.

4. Learn how to fabricate complexpieces of stone using 5-axil CNCmilling techniques.

5. Learn how to fabricate custommetal site furniture andstructures.

Further Informationhttp://ecards.aecom.com/landscapes/http://www.coldspringusa.comhttp://www.landscapeforms.com

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The completed design.

Fabrication with Pre-cast Concrete – Case Study: Piazza Gae Aulenti, Milan, Italy. Completion 2012. On-structure mixed use development.

Continuous seating encircling a water-skin covered plaza, which can be drained for large events.

Seating modelled in Rhino. The design indented to stimulate a range of social interaction, its sinuous form referencing the curves of Italian fashion models.

James Haig Streeter, AECOM

I. Introduction: Context and Opportunities.

II. Digital design processIII. Designing with Natural Stone

– Case study: Pier Head, Liverpool, UK

IV. Designing with Pre-cast Concrete – Case Study: Pizza Gae Aulenti, Milan, Italy

V. Scripting - Case studies: Westfield London, UK, Sacramento Entertainment and Sports Complex

VI. Rhino 3-D – Case study: Intuit Corporate Campus, Mountain View, CA

BioJames Haig Streeter leads AECOM’s San Francisco landscape architecture studio. He has been using digital fabrication techniques for well over a decade, first becoming familiar with these while studying Landscape Urbanism at London’s Architectural Association. Since then his built work has won every national public realm award in his native UK, as well as gaining recognition in the US. He is particularly interested in ‘digital craftsmanship’, using technology to give greater design freedom and control as a project moves from concept to construction. He has collaborated with both Coldspring and Landscape Forms.

Email James james.haigstreeter@aecom.com

More infohttp://blogs.aecom.com/connectedcities/author/jameshaigstreeter/

Seating segmented to form a series of custom modular units. Under construction.Design optimized to reduce pre-cast module types, reducing cost by limiting the number of individual moulds needed to be fabricated. Moulds fabricated by CNC milling each module in high-density foam, then using this ‘positive’ form to create a ‘negative’ fiber-glass mould using standard methods.

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Completed project.

Scripting used to generate complex paving pattern, saving time and enabling high degree of design refinement and cost certainty.

Use Grasshopper plug-in with Rhino: Automating the modelling of com-plete objects, enabling greater creative freedom and design refinement.

Scripting as a Design Tool – Case Study: Westfield London, London, UK. Completion 2008. One of Europe’s largest retail and entertainment complexes.

Script worked by, 1. manually drawing splines, with these forming the center lines for the paving; 2. paving generated by script; 3. quantification: Each paver was draw as a block enabling exact quantities to be counted then exported to AutoCAD, reducing uncertainly with costing.

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Design optimization – the script enabled design options to be quickly generated and tested.

Completed project, with the paving pattern responding to desire lines and acting as a way finding device.

A rich ground plane even wen filled with shoppers, using 3 granite paver sizes and 3 colors.

Scripting as a Design Tool – Case Study: Sacramento Entertainment and Sports Complex. Completion Fall 2016. Proposed arena for Sacramento King’s NBA team with mixed-use development and civic plaza.

Paving design inspiration.

Grasshopper used to generate paving for the entire site. Use of Grasshopper simplifies the scripting process, enabling the design team to use this in-house as a design tool.

Deign refinements generated in real-time. Varying degrees of dark paving highlights tested using a slider.

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Using Grasshopper to modify the entire paving pattern for the project, to quickly make Value Engineering design options and modifications.

Rain garden seating design. Rhino model and laser cut physical model.Case Study: Intuit Corporate Campus, Mountain View CA. Completion 2013. Reimagining a 1980’s business park to form a unified campus, increasing open space, decreasing water use and putting the pedestrian first.Extensive use of digital fabrication techniques, including; CNC milled gran-ite for a series of water features (fabricated by Coldspring); CNC moulds for pre-cast concrete seatwalls (fabricated by Quickcrete); digitally fabricated metal stage canopy (fabricated by Landscape Forms).

Completed design at night.Image: Weinberg-Clark Photography

Image: Weinberg-Clark Photography Detail of polished Mesabi Black granite seating, CNC milled by Coldspring.Image: Weinberg-Clark Photography

Complex curved stone water wall, which could only be effectively cut using CNC milling.Image: Weinberg-Clark Photography

Using laser cut model making techniques to create the design for a full size metal canopy, by slicing a 3D model into sections. Fabricated by Landscape Forms, Studio 431.

Fabrication Part 1:Working with Natural Stone

Rick Schmid, Coldspring

I. Control of creativity and designII. Communication and

coordinationIII. Cost saving and effective

fabrication timesIV. Transferring designer

informationV. Digital CNC fabricationVI. Fabrication methods

Bio

Rick Schmid has worked and excelled in the natural stone industry for 34 years. He attended St. Cloud Technical and Community College earning a degree in Sales and Management and Architectural Construction Technology. Rick currently specializes in developing and optimizing processes for CNC fabrication. His expertise includes digital file development, process planning and developing CNC tool paths. Recently he completed a digital sculpting process allowing a true digital only path to create sculpted works in natural stone. Rick holds a membership with the Society of Manufacturing Engineers.

Email RickRSchmid@coldspringusa.com

More infohttp://www.coldspringusa.com

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The definition of the machine axes is related to the Cartesian coordinate system. The X and Y axes describe movement in right and left (X axis) and forward and backwards motion (Y Axis) on a flat plane (World UCS)

3 Axis motion, X, Y, and ZThe maximum movement in each direction, X, Y, and Z will define the “Working Envelope” of the machine. This box area will determine the maximum piece size that can be processed. A typical Counter Top grade machine will be very limited in Z (height) capability.

“Interpolated Axes”All 5 Axes can move at the same time giving smooth efficient movement

While the saw is rotating around the C axis, the X and Y axis are moving in coordination to keep the contact point of the blade in the proper orientation. Each step in the Z axis movement the B axis rotates to keep the blade orien-tation perpendicular to the stone surface. Similar operation with a tool. The tool will remain perpendicular to the surface as all axis move in a sweeping motion. Many variables come into play when programming in 5 axes, making programming difficult and increasing the chance for a collision or error.

Intuit: The designer produced 3D models with Rhino software, which Coldspring was able to reproduce via its five-axis CNC (computer-numeric control) machines. The end product is a sculptural effect and the production of extremely complex shapes that could not be produced by hand in the same timeframe or budget. The sinuous curves of the benches have become beautiful pieces of art in the outdoor environment.

Fabrication Part 2:Working with Metal and Wood

John Shimer, Landscape Forms

I. Transferring design info to manufacturer

II. 3d site scanningIII. Manufacturing processIV. Engineering considerations

BioJohn Shimer is the Engineering Team Leader for Studio 431 at Landscape Forms, and has been a member of Studio 431 for six years. He brought to the team valuable experience as product designer working on projects for the medical, automotive, and furniture industries. John’s ability to balance design with manufacturability has given Studio 431 an edge within the custom site furniture market. John has a degree in CAD/Engineering Design and has been a Certified Solidworks Professional since 2007.

Email Johnjohns@landscapeforms.com

More infohttp://www.landscapeforms.com/en-us/431/pages/default.aspx

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