digestive system cont’d. digestive disorders diarrhea & constipation ulcers appendicitis...
TRANSCRIPT
Diarrhea & Constipation Diarrhea
◦ Watery bowel movements◦ Only called ‘diarrhea’ is passing 3/day for >1 day◦ Predominantly caused by viral, bacterial or parasitic
infection called gastroenteritis◦ Treatment = drink water, continue eating, medication
Constipation◦ Describes difficult/infrequent bowel movements◦ May progress to fecal impaction/bowel obstruction
(possibly death!)◦ Treatment = drink water, laxative/medication
Ulcers Ulcers
◦ Inflammation/pitting in stomach wall(causes extreme discomfort, pain and vomiting)
◦ Unprotected from acid = further damage◦ Caused by bacteria, Helicobacter pylori◦ Treatment = antibiotics, diet change
Discovery… (no need to write down)◦ Barry Marshall & Robin Warren◦ Believed ulcers were caused by bacteria but
were not given funding◦ Drank the bacteria to prove it (got ulcers!)◦ 2005 Nobel prize for medicine
Appendicitis Appendicitis
◦ Inflammation of appendix due to bacterial infection◦ Can rupture (and cause death!) if not removed laparoscopically◦ 1 in 15 change of happening to you (mostly men afflicted)
IBS & colon cancer Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
◦ Causes cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, diarrhea/constipation
◦ No known cause (maybe stress, maybe microflora, etc.)
◦ Treatment = carefully managed diet (not a cure)
Colon cancer◦ Cancer of the large intestine◦ Can be detected by blood in stool (red/black)◦ Treatment = surgical removal of section of colon
and chemotherapy
Gastrointestinal technologies
Colostomy bag (AKA ostomy pouch)◦ Stoma is formed in abdominal wall that provides alternate exit for colon◦ Fecal matter is collected in a replaceable bag instead of passing through the anus
Endoscopy/Colonoscopy An endoscope is a tube-like camera used for observing the inside of a body cavity
Endoscopy◦ Internal observations of the upper digestive system (stomach, esophagus)
Colonoscopy◦ Internal observations of the large intsestine (colon)
Carnivorous vs Herbivorous digestion
◦ Even among similar organisms the structure their digestive system depends on their diet
Why do you think these differences exist?
Birds◦ Birds can eat a variety of foods (insects,
worms, berries, seeds, etc.)
◦ The crop stores food
◦ Most chemical digestion occurs in the stomach
◦ The gizzard is filled with gravel/pebbles the bird eats to mechanically digest food stuffs
Why is this mechanical digestion important?
Cows/ruminants◦ Cows are ruminant mammals (like sheep, deer, etc.) with a 4-chamebered stomach
◦ Mammals can’t digest cellulose - WHY NOT?!
◦ New food is cycled to the rumen and reticulum to get a dose of bacteriathat DO break down glucose
◦ To help expose surface area of food to bacteria the cow regurgitatesand re-chews “cud” before passing it through the intestine