1997

SID INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM

DIGEST of TECHNICAL PAPERS

SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY

First Edition

May, 1997

ISSN 0097-966X

UB/TIB Hannover 89

1151

Publisher: Society for Information Display1526 Brookhollow Dr., Suite 82

SantaAna, CA 92705-5421

II

Table of Contents

1: ANNUAL SID BUSINESS MEETING

PresidingWebster E. Howard President, Society for Information Display

SID Honors and Awards PresentationJohn A. van Raalte Chair, SID Honors andAwards

Committee

2: FORMAL OPENING/RIBBON CUTTING CEREMONY

Welcoming Remarks

Hugo Steemers SID '97 General Chair

Robert L Wlsnleff SID '97 Technical Program Chair

2 1 Competitiveness and the Innovation ChainKent H. Hughes Associate Deputy Director, Global

Competitive Office, U S Department of Commerce,Washington, DC

5 2 Numerical Modeling and Optical Switching Characteristics of a

Bistable TN-LCD 33J. C. Kim, G.-J. Choi, Y.-S. Kim, K. H. Kang, T.-H. Yoon,

K. G. Nam Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea

H. S. Kim, E.-S. Lee Samsung Display Devices, Ulsan, Korea

5 3 Grating Aligned Bistable Nematic Device 37

G. P. Bryan-Brown, C. V. Brown, J. C. Jones, E. L. Wood,I. C. Sage, P. Brett Defence Research Agency, Malvern, UK

J. Rudin Hewlett-Packard Labs, Bristol, U K

5 4 Fast Bistable Nematic Display Using Monostable Surface

Anchoring Switching 41Ph. Martlnot-Lagarde, I. Dozov, E. Polossat, M. Glcondo,

I. Lelldls, G. Durand University Parls-Sud, Orsay, France

J. Angele, B. Pecout, A. Boissler SFIM-REOSC Co,

Velizy-Vlllacoublay, France

6: FEDs

3: KEYNOTE ADDRESSES

3 1 Active-Matrix Displays Celebrating the First 25 Years

3.1 1 25 Years of Active Matrix Conception, Birth, and InfancyT. Peter Brody Active Matrix Associates, Pittsburgh, PA

3 1 2 The Rise of Active-Matnx LCDs in Japan From Thin-FilmTransistor Development to Workstation Displays

Shinji Morozumi Hosiden Corp , Kobe, Japan

3 2 The Centennial of the CRT From Laboratory Curiosity to

Everyday Workhorse

Peter A. Keller Tektronix, Inc, Beaverton, OR

6 1 Invited Paper: A New Structure and Driving System for

Full-Color FEDs 47M. Tanaka, K. Takayama, A. Azeta, K. Yano, T. Klshlno

Futaba Corp , Chiba, Japan

3 6 2 A10-in Surface-Conduction Electron-Emitter Display 52

3 E. Yamaguchl, K. Sakal, I. Nomura, T. Ono, M. Yamanobe,N. Abe, T. Hara, K. Hatanaka, Y. Osada, H. Yamamoto,T. Nakagiri Canon Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan

3 6 3 Development of 4-in Full-Color FED Devices 56J. M. Kim, J. P. Hong, N. S Park, J. H. Choi, J. W. Kim,

J. E. Jang, J. H. Kang, Y. S. You, J. E. Jung, Y. H. Jin

3 Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, KoreaB. I. Gofinkel, E. V. Rousslna Volga R&D Institute, Saratov,

Russian Federation

4: DIRECT-VIEW AMLCDs

4 1 Design of High-Resolution AMLCDs with Greater than 2000

Gate LinesR. Martin, J. Batey, T. Flske, M. Nguyen, E. Raber, D. Siemens,

H Steemers, S. Stuber, M. Thompson, W. Turner dpiX, A

Xerox New Enterprise Company, Palo Alto, CAM. Tilton Standish Industries, Lake Mills, Wl

L. D. Sllverstein VCD Sciences, Inc, Scottsdale, AZM. Potts VX Technologies, San Francisco, CA

4 2 A 15 1 -in SXGA TFT-LCD with Light Shield Structure for HighAperture Ratio

Y Numano, M. Mizunuma, M. Hayashl, M. Nishimura,K. Kobayashl, M. Morlshita Mitsubishi Electric Corp ,

Kumamoto, Japan4 3 Novel TFT-Array Structure for LCD Monitors with

In-Plane-Switching Mode

Y. Masutani, S. Tahata, M. Hayashi, T. Onawa, K. Kobayashl,K Nagata, M. Morlshita Mitsubishi Electric CorpKumamoto, Japan

4 4 Plananzed Black Matrix on TFT Structure for TFT-LCD MonitorsC W Kim, H R. Ham, S. G. Rho, J. H. Lee, C. O. Jeong,

J. H. Choi, M. P. Hong, J. H. Song, K. H. Kim, J. H. Souk

Samsung Electronics Co , Ltd, Kiheung Korea

4 5L Late-News Paper: Charge-Conservation Implementation in an

Ultra-Low-Power AMLCD Column Driver Utilizing PixelInversion

A. Erhart, D McCartney Vivid Semiconductor, Chandler, AZ

5: BISTABLE NEMATIC LCDs

5 1 Matrix Addressing of a 0°-360° Bistable Twist CellC. D. Hoke, J. R. Kelly, J. LI, P. J. Bos Liquid Crystal

Institute, Kent state University, Kent, OH

7: NOVEL DISPLAY DEVICES

7 1 Surface Plasmon Tunable Color Filter and Display Device 63

Y. Wang Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA

7 2 Organic LEDs Integrated with a-SI TFTs on Lightweight Metal

Substrates 67

C. C. Wu, S. D. Thelss, G. Gu, M. H. Lu, J. C. Sturm, S. Wagner,S. R. Forrest Princeton University, Princeton, NJ

7 3 A New Reflective FPD Technology Using Interferrornetric

•^ Modulation 71

M. W. Miles Etalon, Inc, Boston, MA

7 4L Late-News Paper: Eiectrophoretic Ink A Printable DisplayMaterial . .

75

B. Comiskey, J. D. Albert, J. Jacobson MIT Media

15 Laboratory, Cambridge, MA

8: NEW AMLCD TECHNOLOGIES

8 1 A 10 4-in Reflective MTN-Mode TFT-LCD with Video-Rate andFull-Color Capabilities 79

C.-L. Kuo, C.-L. Chen, D.-L. Ting, C.-K. Wei, C.-K. Hsu

23 B -J. Llao, B.-D. Liu, C.-W. Hao ERSO/ITRI, Taiwan, ROC

S.-T. Wu Hughes Research Laboratories, Mallbu, CA

8 2 A Reflective Tri-Layer Guest-Host Color TFT-LCD 83

Y. Nakai, T. Ohtake, A. Sugahara, K. Sunohara, K. Tsuchlda,M. Tanaka, T. Uchlda, H. Iwanaga, A. Hotta, K. Taira,M. Mori, M. Aklyama, M. Okajlma Toshiba Corp ,

Yokohama, Japan

29 8 3 A Design of the Position-Sensitive TFT-LCD for Pen Application 87

J. H. Kim, Y. S. Ahn, I. S. Kim, Y. Kim, Y. C. Jeong, C. Y. Kim,

S. B. Kwon LG Electronics, Kyongki-Do, Korea

Table of Contents

8.4: Application of a-Si Active-Matrix Technology in a X-RayDetector Panel 91

L. S. Jeromin, D. Lee Sterling Diagnostic Imaging, Newark, DE

T. Nakagawa, Y. Ugal, S. Aokl Hosiden Corp., Kobe, Japan

9: BISTABLE REFLECTIVE LCDs

9.1: High-Speed Dynamic Drive Scheme for Bistable ReflectiveCholesteric Displays 97

Y.-M. Zhu, D.-K. Yang Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State

University, Kent, OH

9.2: Polymer-Stabilized Bistable Black-White Cholesteric Reflective

Display 101

R.-Q. Ma, D.-K. Yang Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State

University, Kent, OH

9.3: Improved-Contrast-Ratio Bistable Cholesteric Displays with an

Obliquely Sputtered S1O2 Aligned Layer 105

R. Bunz, R. Buerkle, S. Becker, W. Sautter, T. Kallfass,E. Lueder University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

9.4: Bistable FLC and Cholesteric LC Displays on Plastic

Substrates for Smart-Card Applications 109R. Buerkle, R. Klette, E. Lueder, R. Bunz, T. Kallfass

University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

10: FIELD-EMISSION DEVICES: ELECTRON TRAJECTORIES

10.1: Beam Collimation from Field-Emitter Arrays with Linear Planar

Lenses 115

C.-M. Tang NIST, Galthersburg, MD and Creatv MicroTech,

Potomac, MD

T. A. Swyden FM Technologies, Fairfax, VA

10.2: A CRT-LIKE FED 119

C. H. Tsal, W. C. Wang, J. T. Lai, C. H. Wang, C. H. Tien,

K. L. Tsai ERSO/ITRI, Taiwan, ROC

10.3: Emission and Beam-Divergence Properties of an MIM-Cathode

Array for Display Applications 123

M. Suzuki, T. Kusunoki Hitachi Central Research Laboratory,Tokyo, Japan

10.4: Multiple-Scattering Model of Surface-Conduction Electron

Emitters 127

A. Asal, M. Okuda, S. Matsutanl, K. Shlnjo, N. Nakamura,

K. Hatanaka, Y. Osada, T. Nakagiri Canon Research

Center, Kanagawa, Japan

12: DISPLAY SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE

12.1: Development of Multiple-Display System with a Single VideoController 153

T. Owada, I. Taklta, H. Mano Hitachi Systems DevelopmentLaboratory, Yokohama, Japan

12.2: High-Speed Digital Video Signal Transmission System UsingSmall Swing Serial Link Technique 157

K. Lee, D.-K. Jeong Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

V. Da Costa, B. Kim Silicon Image, Palo Alto, CA

12.3: Video Conferencing Monitor 161

D. Bessel, W. Bonneau, Jr., M. Champion Sony Electronics,San Diego, CA

12.4: A Digital Flat Panel Display Architecture for High-AvailabilityAvionics Applications 165

S. A. Irwin, J. A. Marek, J. P. Henderson Rockwell Avionicsand Communications, Cedar Rapids, IA

J. A. Rupp Boeing Commercial Airplane Group, Seattle, WA

13: AMLCD STRUCTURES

13.1: Invited Paper: Device Physics and Modeling of Poly-Si TFTs..

171

P. Migliorato, S. W. B. Tarn, O. K. B. Lui, T. Brown, M. J. Qulnn

Cambridge University, Cambridge, U.K.

T. Shlmoda, H. Ohshima Seiko-Epson Corp., Nagano, Japan

13.2: High-Mobility Tri-Layer a-SI:H Thin-Film Transistor withUltra-Thin Active Layer 176

D. B. Thomasson, T. N. Jackson Penn State University,University Park, PA

13.3: Integrated Black Matrix on TFT Arrays Composed of NewlyDeveloped Bi-SiOx Cermet Thin Film 180

H. Hirayama, K. Hidaka, N. Imal, T. Sakaguchl, N. Ibaraki

Toshiba Corp., Kanagawa, Japan

13.4: Analysis and Control of Extraordinary Domains in

Wide-Viewlng-Angle In-Plane-Switching Mode TFT-LCDs... 184

T. Suzuki, S. Nishida, M. Suzuki, S. Kaneko NEC Corp.,Kanagawa, Japan

13.5L: Late-News Paper: Fabrication of Metal-Gate Poly-Si TFTs byMetal-Induced Lateral Crystallization 188

T.-H. Ihn, B.-l. Lee, T.-K. Kim, K.-H. Kim, J.-W. Shin, P.-S. Ahn,

W.-C. Jeong, S.-K. Joo Seoul National University, Seoul,Korea

14: LCD CONDUCTION/ELECTROCLINICS

11: COLOR CRTs I

11.1: Invited Paper: Trends in the Global CRT Market 133

J. A. Castellano Stanford Resources, San Jose, CA

11.2: Development of 41-cm (17-in.) Short-Length Color Monitor Tube 138

A. Kato, Y. Mlyajima, T. Watanabe, K. Tanlwa Matsushita

Electronics Corp., Osaka, Japan

11.3: A New 24-in. 16:10 Trinitron CRT 142

K. Ebe, M. Kawase, S. Yamasaki, A. Yoshida, Y. Hara, H. Takamura,Y. Yoshloka, S. Oguchl, T. Kusunoki, K. Ono, T. Uba

Sony Corp., Tokyo, Japan

11.4: Invited Paper: Development of 46-cm (19-in.) Color DisplayTubes 146

N. Koganezawa, N. Hosotani, S. Shiral, S. Katou, Y. Sato

Hitachi, Ltd., Chiba, Japan

14.1: Characterization of Conduction in LCDs 195

C. Colpaert, A. De Meyere, B. Verwelre, H. Zhang, H. Pauwels

ELIS, University of Gent, Gent, Belgium

14.2: Liquid-Crystalline Materials for TFT-Addressed Displays with

Improved Image-Sticking Properties 199

S. Naemura, Y. Nakazono, H. Ichinose, A. Sawada Merck

Japan Ltd., Kanagawa, JapanE. Bdhm, M. Bremer, K. Tarumi Merck KGaA, Germany

14.3: Image-Sticking Measurement of LCDs 203

A. Lien IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown

Heights, NYC.-J. Chen University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN

H. Inoue, Y. Saitoh IBM Japan Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan

14.4: New Electroclinic Liquid Crystals for Fast Gray-ScaleApplications 207

B. R. Ratna, H. Li, K. S. Nelson, J. Naclrl, P. P. Bey, Jr.,

Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC

III

Table of Contents

15.1:

15.2:

15.3:

15.4:

15.5:

16.1:

16.2:

16.3:

16.4:

is15lC0L0RPLASWIAvDISPtAYS!:

Invited Paper: Plasma Display Panel Technologies and

Applications 213

H. Doyeux, J. Deschamps Thomson Tubes Electroniques,Moirans, France

Invited Paper: Improvement of Moving-Picture Quality on a

42-in.-Diagonal PDP for HDTV 217

T. Yamamoto, Y. Takano, K. Ishii, T. Koura, H. Kokubun,K. Majima, T. Kurita, K. Yamaguchi, K. Kobayashi,H. Murakami NHK Science and Technical Research

Labs, Tokyo, Japan

A Motion-Dependent Equalizing-Pulse Technique for Reducing

Gray-Scale Disturbances on PDPs 221

Y.-W. Zhu, K. Toda, T. Yamaguchi, T. Shiga, S. Mlkoshiba

The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, JapanT. Ueda, K. Karlya, T. Shinoda Fujitsu, Ltd., Kawasaki, Japan

Consideration of Key Points to Improve Luminance and

Luminous Efficiency of Surface-Discharge ac Plasma

Displays Based on the Discharge Characteristics by Using

an Ultra-High-Speed Electronic Camera 225

S. Zhang, H. Uchiike, Y. Harano, K. Yoshlda Hiroshima

University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan

A Grooved Structure for a Large High-Resolution Color ACPDP 229

J. D. Schermerhorn, R. B. Sweeney, W. Wang Electro

Plasma, Millbury, OHB. Y. Park, M. H. Park, J. S. Kim LG Electronics, Kyungsang

buk-do, Korea

16::THINCRTs

Invited Paper: A New Thin CRT 235

G. G. P. van Gorkom, T. S. Bailer, P. A. Dessens, B. H. W. Hendriks,

N. Lambert, H. J. Ligthart, E. A. Montle, G. E. Thomas,

P. H. F. Trompenaars, and S. T. de Zwart Philips

Research Laboratories, Eindoven, The Netherlands

Basic Principles of a New Thin Flat CRT 239

S. T. de Zwart, G. G. P. van Gorkom, T. S. Bailer, B. H. W. Hendriks,

N. Lambert, H. J. Ligthart, E. A. Montle, P. H. F. Trompenaars

Philips Research Laboratories, Eindoven, The Netherlands

Technology for a New Thin CRT 243

T. S. Bailer, A. R. Balkenende, H. J. Ligthart, A. R. de Wit

Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, The

Netherlands

The Application and System Aspects of the Cathode-Ray Panel

(CRP) Display 247

J. van Velzen, T. Doyle, J. J. A. McCormack, V. R. Haighton,P. J. Heijnen, M. Looymans Philips Research

Laboratories, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

C. G. M. van Asma Philips Creative Display Solutions,Eindoven, The Netherlands

D. de Greet Philips Semiconductors, Eindhoven, The

Netherlands

17.2:

17.3:

17.4:

17.5:

16.5:

E-1:

E-2:

E-3:

A New HMD Causing Natural Accommodative Changes 265

S. Shiwa, T. Miyasato ATR Media Integration &Communications Research Labs, Kyoto, Japan

A New No-Glasses 3-D Imaging Technology 269

G. Dolgoff Floating Images, Westbury, NY

3-D Display System with Dual-Frequency Liquid-CrystalVarifocal Lens 273

S. Suyama, K. Kato, H. Nakajlma NTT Integrated Information

& Energy Systems Labs, Tokyo, Japan

Invited Paper: Autostereoscopic User-Computer Interface with

Visually Controlled Interactions 277

S. Pastoor, R. Skerjanc Heinrich-Hertz Institut fuer

Nachrichtentechnik GmbH, Berlin, Germany

EVENING PANELS

The CRT: Still Going Strong or Facing Extinction? 282

Flat-Panel Display Manufacturing In the U.S.: Niche or HighVolume? 284

The Display Technologies Asian Companies Are Betting on for

the Next 10 Years 286

18.1:

18.2:

18.3:

18.4:

18.5:

A Flat-Panel CRT with a Permanent Magnet Aperture Plate...

251

A. R. Knox, J. S. Beeteson IBM U.K. Ltd., Greenock,

Scotland

16.6L: Late-News Paper: Thermal Stress and Crack Behavior in

Perfectly Flat CRTs 255

K. W. Kim, D. J. Kang, W. S. Shin, S. K. See LG Electronics,

Seoul, Korea

19.1:

19.2:

19.3:

18: MICRODISPLAYS

An 0.8-|j.m EEPROM Technology Modified for a Reflective

PDLC Light-Valve Application 289

P. Cacharelis, U. S. Kim, J. Frazee, P. Moore, K. Brown,

R. Luttrell, P. Renteln, R. Flack National Semiconductor

Corp., Santa Clara, CA

An Automotive HUD Implemented with a Planarized 640 x 512

LCOS Microdisplay 293

M. H. Schuck, D. J. McKnlght, K. M. Johnson University of

Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO

Withdrawn

A 1.4-in. Projection Light LC Value Using a-Si TFTs with a 50%

Aperture Ratio 301

T. Kretz, E. Sanson, H. Lebrun, F. Templler, J. F. Teisser, U. Rossini,F. Maurice Thomson-LCD, Moirans, France

Full-Color LED-Based Virtual Display with VGA Resolution 305

M. Karpman, D. Kent Reflection Technology, Waltham, MA

19: LC ALIGNMENT:

Invited Paper: Prospects of the Photo-Alignment Technique for

LCD fabrication 311

Y. Ilmura Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology,

Tokyo, JapanS. Kobayashi Science University of Tokyo in Yamaguchi,

Yamaguchi, Japan

A New Non-Rubbing Technique for Liquid-Crystal Alignment ...315

R. Shashidhar, K. Grueneberg, D. Shenoy, B. Peek, U. K. Kakarla,

J. Naciri Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC

New Polyimide Alignment Film for LCDs 319

L.-C. Chien, C. M. Hudson, D. Davis, B. Taherl, R. Klouda,

Y.-M. Zhu Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University,Kent, OH

17: HEAD-MOUNTED 3-D VISUALIZATION DISPLAYS

17.1: Development and Evaluation of the Panoramic Night-Vision

GoggleJ. L. Craig, H. L. Task Armstrong Laboratory,

Wright-Patterson AFB, OH

D. Flllpovlch Night Vision Corp., Lincolnwood, IL

261

20: FED MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES

20.1: Field-Emission Characteristics of Nitrogen-Gas-Phase-Doped

Hydrogen-Free Diamond-Like Carbon Films Deposited by

Layer-by-Layer Technique Using PECVD 325

J. H. Moon, S. J. Chung, J. Jang Kyung Hee University,

Seoul, Korea

K. C. Park Hyundai Electronics, Kyoungkl-do, Korea

iv

Table of Contents

20 2 Improvement of Electron Emission Stability of 2-in FEAPanels

by Diamond-Like Carbon CoatingJ. H. Jung, B. K. Ju, Y. H. Lee, M. H. Oh KIST, Seoul, Korea

J. Jang Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea

20 3 FEDs Based on the Concept of a Transparent Cathode

M.-N. Seme>la, R. Meyer, B. Montmayeul, M. Vabre, F. Muller,

R. Blanc LET//CE4, Grenoble, France

Ph. Rommeveaux, C. Oules Chaton PIxTech, Montpellier,

France

20 4 High-Efficiency Zn2SI04 Mn Thin-Film Phosphor for Flat-Panel

FEDs

J. Liu, D. C. Morton, M. R. Miller, P. F. Krzykowski ArmyResearch Laboratory, Ft Monmouth, NJ

Y. LI, E. W. Forsythe, G. S. Tompa Structured Materials

Industries, Piscataway, NJ

T. M. Bloomstein, S. T. Palmaccl, M. Rothschild MIT Lincoln

Laboratory, Lexington, MA

21: COLOR CRTs II

21 1 Invited Paper: The Importance of Electron-Gun Design In the

Survival of the Color CRT

H.-Y. Chen Chunghwa Picture Tubes, Taiwan, ROC

21 2 An Electron Gun with Extended-Field Elliptical Aperture Lens

N. Endo, M. Mlzuki, Y. Ohshige, C. Takanami, Y. Amano, K. Ichida

Sony Corp , Kanagawa, Japan

21 3 Improved Sc203-Dispersed-Oxide Cathode with Tungsten-FilmCoating

M. Saito, T. Ohlra, H. Teramoto, K. Watanabe Mitsubishi

Advanced Technology R&D Center, Hyogo, JapanT. Shlnjo, H. Yamaguchi Mitsubishi CRT Business Division,

Kyoto, Japan

21 4 A Super-Flat Trinitron Color CRT

Y. Iguchi, I. Utsumi, T. Saito, K. Murakami, T. Inoue, K. Nomura

Sony Corp , Kanagawa, Japan

329

333

337

23 3

23 4

241

24 2

24 3

343

347

351

355

22: BACKLIGHTING SYSTEMS

22 1 A Backlight Collimation System with Effective Utilization of

Divergent Angles of Light Beams

C.-Y. Tai Clio Technologies, Holland, OH

22 2 A New Backlighting System with a Polarizer Light Pipe for

Enhanced Light Output from LCDs

H. Tanase, J. Mamiya, M. Suzuki IBM Japan Ltd, Kanagawa,

JapanH. Nakatani, T. Hatazawa, T. Watanabe Sekisui Chemical,

Kyoto, Japan

22 3 A Field-Emission Lamp Based on Si Microstructures with

Diamond Coating for LCD BacklightingE. I. Glvarglzov, V. V. Zhlrnov, A. N. Stepanova Institute of

Crystallography, Moscow, Russia

N. N. Chubun ISTOK R&D Corp , Fryazino, Russia

22 4L Late-News Paper: Required and Achievable BacklightLuminances for CRT-Replacement LCD Monitors

H. Zou, K. W. Beeson, J. Wilson, S. Zimmerman, M. McFarland

AlliedSignal MicroOptic Devices, Morrlstown, NJ

361

365

369

373

25 1

25 2

25 3

25 4

26 1

26 2

26 3

23: LARGE-AREA AMLCDs

23 1 PALC Displays Made from Electroded Glass Fiber ArraysD. M. Trotter, C. B. Moore, V. A. Bhagavatula Corning

Incorporated, Corning, NY

23 2 Development of 25-in Plasma-Addressed LCD for Multimedia

ApplicationsM. Hayashi, A. Sekl, T. Togawa Sony Corp, Kanagawa,

Japan

379

383

Half-Column-Line Driving Method for Low-Power and Low-Cost

TFT-LCDs .

387

M. Sakamoto, S. Okutani, K. Koga, H. Hada, Y. Hlrano, S. Ohi

NEC Corp , Kanagawa, Japan

A Low-Power High-Voltage Column/Dot Inversion Drive System 391

K. Melnsteln, C. Ludden, D. Spanjol, M. Hagge, S. Blly,

Crystal Semiconductor, A Cirrus Logic Company, Austin, TX

24: ADVANCES IN TN-AND STN-LCDs

Invfted Paper' Optical Patterning of Multidomam LCDs 397

M. Schadt, H Seiberle ROLIC Ltd, Basel, Switzerland

STN-LCDs Enhanced by Multiple Line Addressing (MLA)Present and Future Applications 401

Y. Hirai, M. Kltamura Asahi Glass Co, Ltd, Yokohama,

Japan

H. Arakl Optrex Corp , Tokyo, Japan

The Application of a Bistable Device to Reflective Guest-Host

LCDs 405

Y. Kobayashi, Y. Ilmura Tokyo University of Agriculture &

Technology, Tokyo, JapanS. Kobayashl Science University of Tokyo in Yamaguchi,

Yamaguchi, Japan

25: PHOSPHORS

New Deposition Process for Very Blue and Bright SrS:Ce,CI

TFEL Devices 411

K. O Velthaus, B. Huttl, U Troppenz, R. Herrman, R H. Mauch

Hemnch-Hertz Institute, Berlin, Germany

Bright Green Oxide Phosphors for EL Displays . .415

T Xiao, A. H. Kitai PhotoMatrix, Guelph, Ontario, Canada,

and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

G. Liu, A. Nakua McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario,Canada

Doped Amorphous and Crystalline Gallium Oxides and

Alkaline-Earth Gallates as EL Materials . .419

A. H. Kital, T. Xiao PhotoMatrix, Guelph, Ontario, Canada,

and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

G. Liu, J. H. LI McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario,Canada

Y2O3 Eu Nanophosphor . .423

D. Ma, X. Liu, Y. Pel, L. Cao Chinese Academy of Sciences,

Changchun, People's Republic of China

26 4

26: CRT SCREENS & COATINGS

Life Performance of Color Phosphor Screens for Flat

Cathode-Ray Displays . .

429

H. Bechtel, W. Czarnojan, W. Mayr, H. Nlkol Philips GmbH,

Aachen, Germany

A New EMI Coating for CRT Panel Glass ....433

T. Imamura, T. Kanal, N. Dalku Nippon Electric Glass Co ,

Ltd, Siga, Japan

Improving Contrast and Color Saturation of CRTs by AI2O3

Shadow-Mask Coating . ....

436

J. J. van Oekel Philips Display Components, Eindhoven, The

Netherlands

M. J. M. J. Severens, G M. H. Timmermans, A. A. M. Mouws

Centre for Manufacturing Technology, Eindhoven, The

Netherlands

Preparation of P43 Suspension and Screen-Quality Evaluation

in 1-in CRTs. ...

440

L. Zupanc-Meznar, M. Zumer Institute of Surface Engineeringand Optoelectronics, Ljubljana, Slovenia

V

Table of Contents

27:: APPLICATIONS: DISPLAY LIGHTING

27 1 Invited Paper: Efficiency Limits for Fluorescent Lamps and

Application to LCD BacklightingR. Y. Pal OSRAM Sylvama, Danvers, MA

27 2 A Lightweight Compact 2-D/3-D Autostereoscopic LCD

Backlight for Games, Monitor, and Notebook ApplicationsJ. Eichenlaub Dimension Technologies, Rochester, NY

27 3 Avionics Display with Thermally Optimized Backlight SystemJ. E. Shaw, J H. Brlley Rockwell Collins, Cedar Rapids, IA

POSTER SESSION

P-13

447

451

455

P-1

P-2

P-3

P-4

P-5

P-6

P-7

P-8

P-9

LP-A

LP-B

P-10

P-11

P-12

Active-Matrix LCDs

Development of a High-Quality TFT-LCD for Projection DisplaysN. Koma, R. Nishikawa Sanyo Electric Co

, Ltd, Gifu, Japan

Performance Improvement Obtained for PrepatternedLaser-Recrystalllzed TFTs

G. K. Giust Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ

T. W. Sigmon Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,Livermore, CA

Electric Stability of Short-Channel Poly-Si TFTs Fabricated bySPCand ELA for AMLCDs

B.-H. Mln, J.-H. Kim, J. Kanicki University of Michigan, Ann

Arbor Ml

G. Fortunato IESS-CNR, Rome, Italy

A Reflective Active-Matrix LCD Using ATwo-Mask Thin-FilmDiode Process

M. G. Pitt, N. A. J M. van Aerie, F. Leenhouts, J. M. Havekes,H. F van Rooljen, H. W. M. Schell, F. C. van de Ven

Philips Flat Panel Display Co , Eindhoven, The

Netherlands

The Investigation of ESD Damages on Scan and Data Pads of

AMLCDs with Protection Circuit

H -J Hong, Y.-H. Tai, T.-S. Weng, C.-C. Wang ERSO/ITRI,Taiwan, ROC

A Vertical a-Si Offset Poly-Si TFTK H. Lee, W. Y. Lim, J. K. Park, J Jang Kyung Hee

University, Seoul, Korea

Poly-SiOx TFT with Smooth Roughness at Poly-SiOx/Si02Interface by Employing Selective Etching

C.-M. Park, H.-S. Choi, J.-S. Yoo, J.-H Jeon, K.-Y. Choi, M.-K.

Han Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

An Enhanced Gray-Scale Addressing Technique for

Digital-Input AMLCD on Plananzed Silicon Substrate

H C. Huang, P. W. Cheng, H. S. Kwok The Hong Kong

University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay,Hong Kong

The Effect of PECVD uc-Si Buffer Layer in

Laser-Recrystallized Poly-Si TFTs

K -C. Lin, L.-T. Chen ERSO/ITRI, Hslnchu, Taiwan, ROC

Late-News Poster: A 40-in (1-m) Diagonal Direct- View

TFT-LCD by Seamless Connection TechniqueT. Shinomiya, M Kawabata, N. Nagae, Y. Izumi, K. Fujimori,

S Fujiwara, M. Shlota, Y Ishii, F. Funada Sharp Corp ,

Nara, JapanLate-News Poster: Exfractors Optimized Backlights with

High Luminous Efficiency and Increased Luminance

B. A. Inditsky Visus Ltd, Ramat Gan, Israel

The Development of an Automatic Processing System for

Large-Area Photomasks

D. E. Rector, M H. Boothman, C. D. Hermsen Photronics,Colorado Springs, CO

Void Formation in LCDs with High-Intensity BacklightV. Glardinl Parker Hannifin Corp , Smithtown, NY

Bending Test of LCD Mechanical StrengthY. Natsuyama IBM Japan Ltd, Kanagawa, Japan

461

465

469

473

477

481

485

489

493

497

501

504

508

512

P-18

P-19

P-20

P-21

P-22

P-23

P-24

P-25

P-26

P-27

P-28

A Teleconferencing Implementation Utilizing a Miniature EL

DisplayM. Haapasaari, I. Reitmaa, T. Nykanen, J. Peltonen, M. Vaisanen,

M Kivikoski Tampere University of Technology, Tampere,Finland

J. Klmmel, H. Saari, K. Tappura Nokia Research Center,

Tampere, Finland

516

P-14 Calculation of Magnetic-Field Parameters for a Double-SaddleCoil with an Elliptical Toroid

S.-Q. Ding, G.-Y. Zhu, J.-Y. Chen Nankai University, Tianjin,People's Republic of China

P-15 A New Flat CRT with Line-Heated Cathodes

Y. Sakamoto, T. Suzuki, K. Takewaka, I. Fukuda Kanazawa

Institute of Technology, Ishikawa, Japan

P-16 Application of a Mass-Spring Model with Damping for ApertureGrille Vibration Analysis in Color CRTs

F. Tamakl, H. Yamamoto, M. Inoue, T. Yokoo NHK SpringCo

, Ltd, Kanagawa, JapanK. Salta, T. Saitoh Sony Corp , Kanagawa, Japan

P-17 Colored CRT Coatings for Fashion Sets

B. Zwerver, M. Somers, P. Hanssen Philips DisplayComponents, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

LP-C Late-News Poster: A New Method to Reduce ElectrostaticDeflection Defocusing in CRTs and Other Devices

M. Retsky Electron Optics Development Corp , Trumbull, CT

Display Manufacturing

Anti-Smudge Layer for AR Film on CRTs

H. Hanaoka, H. Kondo Sony Corp , Kanagawa, Japan

Thermal Compaction of PDP Glass Substrates

K. Maeda, M. Nishlzawa, T. Nakashima, Y. Nakao Asahi

Glass Co, Ltd, Yokohama, Japan

Optical Panel Profiler

K. Frelschlad Phase Shift Technology, Tucson, AZ

Laser Direct Write for Fiat-Panel-Display ManufacturingS.-K. Yao Etec-Polyscan, Inc, Tucson, AZ

Effect of Glass Substrate Preparation on TFT PerformanceJ. G. Coulllard, D. G Ast Cornell University, Ithaca, NY

C. B. Moore Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY

F. P Fehlner Consultant, Corning, NY

Development of a Simple Process to Fabricate High-QualityMultigap Color Filters

T.-C. Hsieh, Y.-H Lu, H.-L. Liao ERSO/ITRI, Taiwan, ROC

Display Measurements and Standards

A Comparative Study of ACTFEL Device EfficiencyMeasurement Methods

A. Aguilera, A. Garcia, J McClure, G. Sada, V. P Singh The

University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX

A Survey of the Components of Display Standards in China

X. Li Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of

China

520

524

528

532

536

540

544

548

552

556

560

564

568

Emissive Displays

The Luminescence Properties of Bai-xMg2y ZAI2O3 Eu Blue

Phoshors 572

R. Y. Lee, M. S. Gong, S. K. Kim, Y. H. Kim, H. J. Chang, S. H. Park

Dankook University, Chungnam, Korea

Photolummescence and Electroluminescence In MgxZni.xSiN2

Phosphors Doped with Eu and Tb 576

S. S. Lee, S. Lim Dankook University, Chungnam, Korea

M. H. Oh KIST, Seoul, Korea

H. Chang Hanyang University, Korea

Aerogels A New Material for Emissive-Display Applications 580

S. A Cahlll-Glauser Lawrence Livermore National

Laboratory, Livermore, CA and University of California at

Davis, Davis, CA

H. W. H. Lee Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,Livermore, CA

vi

Table of Contents

P-29

P-30

P-31

P-32

P-33

P-34

P35

P-36

P-37

LP-D

LP-E

Brightness Characteristics of ZnGa204 Phosphors Doped with

Mn and MnO

J I Han, Y. K. Park, M. G. Kwak, J K. Han, S H Ju Korea

Electronics Technology Institute, KyungGI-Do, Korea

Niobate Phosphors for Low-Voltage ApplicationsA. Vecht, D. Charlesworth, D. W. Smith University of

Greenwich, London, U K

Carbon-Based Field Emitters for Field-Emission DisplaysA. Weber, U. Hoffman, T. Lohken, C.-P. Klages Fraunhofer

Institute for Surface and Thin-Film Technology,Braunschweig, Germany

M. Kiihn, C Spaeth, F. Rlchter Technical University of

Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany

Fabrication and Characterization of Field-Emitter Arrays byUsing TIR Holographic Lithography

J. H. Choi, J. W. Kim, J. P. Hong, J. M. Kim, D. Lim, A. R. Zoulkarneev

Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon Korea

Poly-Si Microemitter Arrays Fabricated by a Low-Temperature

Process for Field-Emitter DisplaysY-H. Song, J. H. Lee, S. W. Kang, B.-G. Yu, J. Kim, K. I. Cho,

H. J. Yoo Electronics and Telecommunications Research

Institute, Taejon, Korea

Fabrication and Field-Emission Study of 2-ln DLC-Coated Si

FEA Panel

S. Lee, J. H. Jung, B. K Ju, Y. H Lee, M. H. Oh KIST, Seoul,

Korea

D Jeon Myong Ji University, Kyunggi-do, Korea

Luminance and Picture-Quality Improvement of DCPDPs and

ACPDPs by Irregular Addressing for Gray-Scale Control

I. Son Dankook University, Seoul, Korea

Dependence of ACPDP Discharge Characteristics on MgOC. K. Yoon, J. K Kim, Y W. Jung, W. J. Chung, S. H. Ahn, J.-H. Yang,

K.-W. Whang Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

AMEL Power Considerations

D R. Beck, J. F. Wager Oregon State University, Coivallis OR

L. Arbuthnot, T. Flegal Planar Systems, Beaverton, OR

Late-News Poster: Textured Glass Substrates for

Ion-Implanted Thin-Film Zinc Gallate PhosphorsD. A. Trivedl, N. M. Kalkhoran, W. D. Halverson, G. D. Vakerlis,

C. A Del Gado Spire Corp , Bedford, MA

Late-News Poster: Luminescence Study of Ion-Implanted

ZnGa204 Thin Films on Flexible Organic Substrates

N M. Kalkhoran, S. M. Vernon, D. A. Trivedi, W. D. Halverson

Spire Corp, Bedford, MA

B. Pathangey, M. Davidson, P. Holloway University of

Florida, Gainsville, FL

P-38

P-39

P-40

584

588

591

Novel Full-Color Stereoscopic Printing and PaintingS M. Faris, Y. Jiang, K. Ma, B. DINollo, Z Lu, S. Kane, L. LI

Reveo, Inc, Hawthorne, NY

E. Korenic, S. D. Jacobs University of Rochester, Rochester, NY

Large-Area Displays

Large-Area Laser Projection System Using a White Laser

J. Lee, Y. Hwang, J. Park, Y. Park, Y. Kim, H. Lee, S. Cha, S. Hong,

H. Jang Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology,Suwon, Korea

High-Power Laser-Damage Threshold Anti-Reflection Coatings

on Te02 Crystal of Acousto-Optic Modulator for Large-AreaLaser Projection Display

Y. Park, J. Park, Y. Hwang Samsung Advanced Institute of

Technology, Suwon, Korea

P-41

LC Technology

New Optimized Reflective LCD Modes for Direct-View and

Projection DisplaysJ. Chen, F. H. Yu, S. T. Tang, H. C. Huang, H. S Kwok Hong

Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water

Bay, Hong Kong

595

599

603

607

611

615

619

623

627

631

635

639

P-42 Optimization of Mixed-Mode LC Cells for Reflective Displays 643

S.-T. Wu, C.-S Wu Hughes Research Laboratories, Malibu, CA

C.-L. Kuo ERSO/ITRI, Taiwan, ROC

P-43 A Reflective Color STN-LCD with a Single Polarizer and

Double Retardation Films 647

H. Yamaguchi, S. Fujita, N. Naito, H. Mlzuno, T. Otanl,T Sekime, T Ogawa Matsushita LCD Division, Ishikawa

JapanN Waklta Matsushita Display Device Development Center,

Osaka, Japan

P-44 Reflective Twisted-Nematic-Mode Color TFT-LCD Panel 651

Y. Saitoh, Y. Yoshida, H. Kamiya IBM Japan Ltd, Kanagawa,

Japan

P-45 High-Performance Reflective STN-LCD with a Blazed Reflector 655

I. Hiyama, 0. Itou, K Kondo Hitachi Research Laboratory

Ibarakl, JapanA Arlmoto Hitachi Central Research Laboratory, Tokyo,

Japan

P-46 A New Driving Scheme for Reflective Bistable Cholesteric LCDs 659

F. H Yu, H. S Kwok Hong Kong University of Science &

Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong

P-47 Angular Performance of CLC-Based Broadband Polarizers 663

Z. Lu, L. Li, Y Jiang, S M Faris Reveo, Inc Hawthorne, NY

P-48 A New Retarder Showing a Reversible Retardation Changewith Temperature 667

M Kuwabara, K. Sakakura, T. Ohnishi Sumitomo Chemical

Co, Ltd, Ibarakl Japan

P-49 Brightness Optimization of D-STN LCDs Using the

Traveling-Wave Compensator 671

J. E. Anderson, J LI, P. J Bos Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent

State University, Kent, OH

R G Culter, K. F Kongslle, A. Gard Planar Advance,

Beaverton, OR

P-50 High-Contrast Homeotropic LCDs Utilizing

Negative-Birefringent Compensation Film 675

S H. Lee, J G You, H. J. Park, B. G. Rho, J. H Lee, S. K Kwon,

H. S. Park Hyundai Electronics Industries Co,Ichon,

Korea

LP-F Late-News Poster: Twisted Liquid-Crystalline Retarders

Providing Temperature-Matched Compensation of STN

Displays679

M. Bosma, P. P de Wit, A. Steenbergen, S J. Plcken Alczo

Nobel Central Research, Arnhem The Netherlands

LP-G Late-News Poster: Advanced Gray-Scale Compensator for

TN-LCDs for Avionics Applications 683

J P Eblen, Jr., L. G. Hale, B. K. Winker, D. B. Taber, P. Kobrin,

W J. Gunning, III Rockwell Science Center, Thousand

Oaks, CA

M C Skarohlid, T. A. Seder, J D. Sampica, P. M. Franzen

Rockwell Collins, Cedar Rapids, IA

LP-H Late-News Poster: Novel Compensation Foils for Active-Matrix

TN Displays 687

P van de Witte, S. Stallinga, J. A. M. M. van Haaren PhilipsResearch Laboratories, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

LP I Late-News Poster: White Holographic Reflectors for LCDs 691

M. Wenyon, W. Molteni, P. Ralli Polaroid Corp, Cambridge, MA

P-51 Two-Dimensional Modeling of Nematic LCD Celts Using the

In-Plane-Switching Mode .

695

F. Dl Pasquale, F. A Fernandez, S. E. Day, J. B. Davles

University College London, London, U K

P-52 Response-Time Improvement of the In-Plane-Switchmg Mode 699

M. Hasegawa IBM Japan Ltd, Kanagawa, Japan

P 53 The Synthesis of BTDA-Type Polyimides and Their

Photo-Alignment Behavior 703

Y.-K. Jang, H.-S. Yu, S. H. Yu, J. K Song, B H. Chae, K.-Y. Han

Samsung Display Devices Co, Kyungki-Do, Korea

P-54 A Study on the Photo-Alignment of the Polymer-ContainingCinnamate Group Using a New Single UV-Exposure Method 707

K. Y. Han, B, H. Chae, S. H. Yu, J. K. Song Samsung DisplayDevices Co

, Suwon, Korea

J. G Park, D Y Kim Samsung Advanced Institute of

Technology, Taejon, Korea

Vil

Table of Contents

P-55: Influence of Rubbing Direction on the Electro-OpticCharacteristics of In-Plane-Switching-Mode LCDs 711

S. H. Lee, J. G. You, H. Y. Kim, D. S. Lee, S. K. Kwon, H. S. Park,C. K. Kim Hyundai Electronics Industries Co., Ichon,Korea

LP-J: Late-News Poster: A New Photo-Alignment Scheme for

LC-Cell Pretilt Control 715

F. Yamada, A. Nishikai, Y. Talra IBM Japan Ltd., Kanagawa,Japan

P-56: Relationship of the Field-Dependent Birefringence and the

Electroclinic Effect in Chiral Smectlc-A LCs 719

J. R. Lindle, F. J. Bartoli, S. R. Flom, B. R. Ratna,

R. Shashldhar Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC

P-57: Dual-Ramp Interpolated-Area Display (DRIAD): A Novel

Area-Based Display 723

J. Rudln, A. Geisow, C. Newton Hewlett-Packard

Laboratories, Bristol, U.K.

P-58: Optimization of Gray-Scale Viewing Angle for a TN AMLCD

with Applications to HMDs 727

M. F. Flynn Kaiser Electronics, San Jose, CA

P-59: Polymer-Stabilized Pi-Cells as Swltchable Phase Retarders... 731

H. K. M. Vithana, S. M. Faris Reveo Inc., Hawthorne, NY

P-60: Electro-Optic Characteristics of Nematic Liquid-Crystal Cell

Associated with Homogeneous to Twisted-Planar Transition 735

S. H. Lee, J. G. You, H. Y. Kim, B. G. Rho, S. K. Kwon, H. S. Park

Hyundai Electronics Industries Co., Ltd., Ichon, Korea

H. G. Galabova, D. W. Allender Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent

State University, Kent, OH

P-61: The Phase Initialization in the Pi-Cell 739

M. Noguchi, H. Nakamura IBM Japan Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan

P-62: Effects of Surface Topography on Formation of Zig-ZagDefects in SSFLC Devices 743

P. Watson, P. J. Bos Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State

University, Kent, OH

J. Pirs Jozef-Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia

P-63: Tolerant SSFLC Matrix Display Addressing with EqualSelection and Data Voltages 747

R. Beccherelli, V. Ferrara, F. Campoll, A. d'Alessandro, P. Maltese

Unlversita di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy

P-64: A Novel Polymer-Dispersed LC with Internal-Reflection

Inverted-Scattering (IRIS) Mode 751

H. Kobayashi, S. Yamada, E. Chino, N. Shimura, H. Shingu, T. Sonehara

Seiko Epson Corp., Nagano, Japan

29: ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENCE

29.1: Invited Paper: Bright Organic EL Devices Having Metal-Doped

Electron-Injecting Layer 775

J. Kldo Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan

T. Matsumoto IMES Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan

29.2: Invited Paper: Vacuum-Deposited Thin Films of Lanthanlde

Complexes: Spectral Properties and Application in Organic

Light-Emitting Diodes 778

S. Dirr, H.-H. Johannes, J. Schbbel, D. Ammermann, A. Bohler,

W. Kowalsky Institut fur Hochfrequenztechnlk, TU

Braunschweig, Braunschweig, GermanyW. Grahn Institut fur Organische Chemle, TU Braunschweig,

Braunschweig, Germany

29.3: Carrier Transport, Recombination, and Exciton Diffusion in

Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Studied by a Dye-DopingTechnique 782

J. Schbbel, D. Ammermann, A. Bohler, S. Dirr, W. Kowalsky

Institut far Hochfrequenztechnlk, TU Braunschweig,

Braunschweig, Germany

29.4: Polymer Light-Emitting Diode Displays: Device Performance

and Applications 786

I. D. Parker, E. Baggao, Y. Cao, N. Colanerl, M. Costolo,

S. Draeger, A. J. Heeger, J. Kamlnski, C. Knudson, J. Long,

B. Nllsson, Q. Pel, J. Peltola, R. Pflanzer, T. Preiser,

M. Raffetto, T. Ronnfeldt, B. Weber, G. Yu, C. Zhang

UNIAX Corp., Santa Barbara, CA

30: CRT DEFLECTION TECHNOLOGY

30.1: Invited Paper: Recent Advances in Color CRT Deflection Yokes 791

N. Azzl, J. M. Carrier Thomson Tubes and Displays, Genlls,France

30.2: The Heat Dissipation in Lltz Wires of CRT Deflection Colls ....795

D. W. Harberts Philips Components BV, Eindhoven, The

Netherlands

30.3: Analysis Method of Two-Dimensional Display Patterns 799

M. Maeda Sony Corp., Kanagawa, Japan

30.4: A New Coma Correction System 803

A. A. S. Sluyterman Philips Components BV, Eindhoven, The

Netherlands

31: APPLICATIONS: PLASTIC SUBSTRATES & LAMINATES

28: PROJECTION DISPLAY COMPONENTS

28.1: Development of Ferroelectric Liquid-Crystal Light Valve 757

A. Taklmoto, K. Akiyama, Y. Kuratoml, A. Oglwara, Y. Tanaka,

H. Tsutsui, S. Mlzuguchi, S. Tsujihara, Y. Mutoh, Y. Itokazu,

Y. Miyatake Matsushita Electric industrial Co., Osaka,

Japan

28.2: Enhancement of the Light Efficiency of LC Projection Systems

by the Use of Dichroic Color Filters 761

J. Fuhrmann, B. Sautter, T. Kallfass, E. Lueder University of

Stuttgart, Germany

28.3: Efficient Illumination of Color AMLCD Projection DisplaysUsing Binary Optical Phase Plates 765

R. P. Gale Kopln Corp., Taunton, MA

G. J. Swanson MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA

28.4: Efficient Polarization-Independent Reflective Liquid-CrystalPhase Gratings 769

C. M. Titus, P. J. Bos Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State

University, Kent, OH

C. Holton, W. Glenn Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL

31.1: High-Durability KE Polarizer for LCD Applications: DesignConsiderations 809

J. J. Cael, G. Nkwantah, G. Trapanl Polaroid Corp.,Norwood, MA

31.2: Reflective Polarizer Sheet on the Backlighting Unit 813

M. Suzuki IBM Japan Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan

31.3: High-Temperature Acrylic Plastic Substrates: Thermal,Chemical, and Mechanical Properties 817

A. Stein, A. Llss, S. Fields Rohm and Haas Co., Bristol, PA

32: DISPLAY REFLECTANCE AND CONTRAST

32.1: Accurate Contrast-Ratio Measurements Using a Cone Mask ...823

P. A. Boynton, E. F. Kelley NIST, Galthersburg, MD

32.2: Evaluation and Characterization of Display Reflectance 827

M. E. Becker autronlo-Melchers GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany

32.3: Utilizing the Bl-Directional Reflection Distribution Function to

Predict Reflections from FPDs 831

E. F. Kelley, G. R. Jones NIST, Galthersburg, MD

viii

Table of Contents

33: WIDE VIEWING ANGLE I

33.1: Invited paper: Photoluminescent LCDs (PL-LCDs) UsingPhosphors 837

W. A. Crossland, I. D. Sprlngle, A. B. Davey CambridgeUniversity, Cambridge, U.K., and Screen Technology Ltd.,Cambridge, U.K.

33.2: A Full-Color Thresholdless Antiferroelectric LCD ExhibitingWide Viewing Angle with Fast Response Time 841

T. Yoshida, T. Tanaka, J. Ogura, H. Wakal, H. Aokl Casio

Computer Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan

33.3: Development of Super-High-Image-QualityVertical-Alignment-Mode LCD 845

K. Ohmuro, S. Kataoka, T. Sasaki, Y. Koike Fujitsu Ltd.,

Atsugl, Japan

34: ELECTROLUMINESCENT DISPLAYS

34.1: Invited Paper: White and Color EL Display with Stacked

Phosphor Structure 851

A. Mikami Sharp Corp., Nara, Japan

34.2: Invited Paper: TFEL "Color by White" 855

R. O. Tornqvist Planar International Ltd., Espoo, Finland

34.3: Bright 320(x3).240 RGB TFEL Display Based on "Color by

White" 859

T. Harju, G. Harkonen, M. Lahonen, J. Maattanen, E. Soininen,R. Tornqvist, K. Vasama, J. Vlljanen Planar International,Ltd., Espoo, Finland

T. Flegal Planar America, Beaverton, OR

34.4: A Field-Sequential Color VGA AMEL Display 862

R. Tuenge, T. Larsson, S. Moehnke, S. Wald, W. Sproull,C. King Planar America, Beaverton, OR

G. D. Sharp, K. M. Johnson, S. Gilman ColorLink, Boulder,CO

34.5L: Late-News Paper: The Barrier Layer Effect in High-LuminanceTFEL Devices 866

W. M. Cranton, C. B. Thomas, R. Stevens The NottinghamTrent University, Nottingham, U.K.

35: FPD MANUFACTURING: PROCESSES

35.1: A Super Chip-on-Glass (COG) Bent-Glass-Bonding (BGB)Technology 873

H. Takasago, M. Sato Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Hyogo, Japan

T. Kokogawa, 0. Hayashl, K, Adachl Advanced Display, Inc.,

Kumamoto, Japan

35.2: Integrated Assembly of Miniature Liquid-Crystal-on-Silicon

Displays 877

P. T. Kazlas, D. J. McKnlght, K. M. Johnson, S. Gilman

University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO

35.3: New Deposition Technology for Low-Temperature Poly-Si TFT:

CMD-450-Poly 881

K. Ito, J. Togawa, T. Yonezaki, M. Hashimoto, M. Ishlkawa, Y. Ota

ULVAC Japan, Ltd., Chiba, Japan

35.4: Low-Resistivity Al Alloy for Large-Size and High-ResolutionTFT-LCDs 885

M. Hayashl, K. Inoue, S. Nouml, K. Sakata, T. Takeguchi, T. Morita,

T. Eguchl Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Kumamoto, Japan

36: APPLICATIONS: DISPLAY ADDRESSING AND ELECTRONICS

36.1: Development of 15.5-in. STN-LCD Monitor with CRT Interface. 891

Y. Kudo, T. Furuhashl, S. Nlshltani, H. Mano Hitachi Systems

Development Laboratory, Yokohama, JapanS. Uchlda Hitachi Electron Tube & Devices Div., Mobara, Japan

36.2: Building Simple, Yet Powerful Desktop LCD Monitors 895

F. Eveleno NEC Electronics, Santa Clara, CA

36.3: Unipolar Implementation for the Dynamic Drive Scheme of

Bistable Reflective Cholesteric Displays 899

X.-Y. Huang, N. Miller, J. W. Doane Kent Displays, Kent, OH

36.4: Investigation of Radiation from AMLCD Panels Using Return

Path Currents 903

R. Raghuram, N. Matsui, D. Divekar Applied Simulation

Technology, San Jose, CA

37: LARGE-AREA DISPLAY SYSTEMS

37.1: Invited Paper: Technology for Improving the Picture Quality of

Large-Screen Mosaic Display Systems 909

S. Iwata, N. Shiramatsu Mitsubishi Advanced TechnologyR&D Center, Hyogo, Japan

Z.-l. Hara Mitsubishi Image & Information Systems Works,

Nagasaki, JapanH. Aral Mitsubishi Industrial, Electric, & Systems Lab,

Hyogo, Japan

37.2: A High-Resolution Videowall Image Processor 913

R. Simpson, P. Smith Electrosonlc Ltd., Dartford, U.K.

37.3: Compact Projection Optics for Dual DMD Projectors 917

J. B. Caldwell, D. Blitz-Taskale Projectavlslon, Inc., New

York, NY

E. I. Betensky Consultant, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

37.4: Contrast Ratio in DMD-Based Projection Systems 920

J. M. Florence, R. Miller, T. A. Bartlett Texas Instruments,Dallas, TX

37.5: Invited Paper: Optical Components for High-ThroughputProjection Display 923

H.-P. D. Shieh, K.-W. Lin, J.-C. Yoo, M.-J. Llaw, C.-M. Chang,F.-J. Ko, J.-F. Wong National Chlao Tung University,Taiwan, ROC

38: WIDE VIEWING ANGLE II

38.1: An Advanced In-Plane-Switching Mode TFT-LCD 929

H. Wakemoto, S. Asada, N. Kato, Y. Yamamoto, M. Tsukane,

T. Tsurugi, K. Tsuda, Y. Takubo Matsushita Electric

Industrial Co., Ltd., Ishikawa, Japan

38.2: Wlde-Viewing-Angle TFT-LCD with Photo-Aligned Four-Domain

TN Mode 933

M. S. Nam, J. W. Wu, Y. J. Choi, K. H. Yoon, J. H. Jung, J. Y. Kim,K. J. Kim, J. H. Kim, S. B. Kwon LG Electronics,

Kyongi-Do, Korea

38.3: Optical Simulation of Electro-Optical Performance of Low-And

Multi-Domain TN Displays 937

J. Chen, P. J. Bos, J. R. Kelly Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent

State University, Kent, OH

N. D. Kim, S. T. Shin Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.,

Kyungki-Do, Korea

38.4L: Late-News Paper: Novel Optical Compensation Film for

AMLCDs Using a Discotic Compound 941

H. Mori, Y. Itoh, Y. Nlshlura, T. Nakamura, Y. Shlnagawa FujiPhoto Film Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan

39: SYNTHETIC VISION DISPLAYS IN THE TRANSPORTATION

INDUSTRY

39.1: Indirect-Vision Driving Study 947

C. Smyth, R. Whlttaker Army Research Laboratory,Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD

39.2: Multisensor Image Registration 951

R. K. Sharma, M. Pavel Oregon Graduate Institute, Portland,

OR

39.3: Perceptual Conflicts between Monocular and Binocular DepthCues in Biocular Displays 955

V. G. CuQIock-Knopp, K. Myles Army Research Laboratory,Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD

J. 0. Merritt The Merritt Group, Amherst, MA

ix

Table of Contents

40 1

40 2

40 3

40: FPD MANUFACTURING: COLOR FILTERS

Latent Pigment Resists for Color Filters The Manufacture of

High-Resolution Color Filters Using a Novel PigmentedPhotoresist System

G. A. Johnson, U. Schaedeli, Z. Hao, V. Hall-Goulle, H. Wolleb,

E. Tinguely, A. Blze, B. Maire, A. Hafner, A. Iqbal, P. Bujard,J. Zambounis Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Basel,Switzerland

G. de Keyzer, J. de Vrles Flat Panel Display Co BV,Eindhoven, The Netherlands

New Colorant System for Color-Filter Resists Used in AMLCD

ManufacturingG. J. Cernigllaro, D. Y. Pai, T. A. Richardson Shipley Co

,

Marlborough, MAE. Matljevlc, Y-S. Her, G. Wu, N. Kalladlma Clarkson

University, Potsdam, NY

A Photoresist for Black Matrix on TFT ArraysM. Tani, S. Ito, M. Sakagawa, T. Sugimura Toppan Printing

Co, Ltd, Saitama, Japan

41: APPLICATIONS: DISPLAY OPTICS

41 1

41 2

41 3

41 4

L1 1

L1 2

L1 3

L1 4

42 2 A Reflective Guest-Host LCD with 4096-Color DisplayCapability 1015

H. Ikeno, H. Kanoh, N. Ikeda, K. Yanai, H. Hayama, S. Kaneko

NEC Corp , Kanagawa, Japan

42 3 Reflective Multicolor Display Using Cholesteric Liquid Crystals 1019961 M. Okada, T. Hatano, K. Hashimoto Minolta Co

, Ltd, Osaka,Japan

42 4 Full-Color Reflective LCD Using Internal-Reflection

Inverted-Scattering (IRIS) Mode 1023

T. Sonehara, M. Yazakl, H. Ilsaka, Y. Tsuchlya, H. Sakata,

J. Amako, T. Takeuchi Seiko-Epson Corp , Nagano, Japan

965

969

975

979

983

Simulation of Collimating Films for Application in LCDs

R. P Sun, X M Huang Chinese Academy of Sciences,

Changchun, People's Republic of China

A. B. Davey, W. A. Crossland, C McGovern, N A. Gallen

Cambridge University, Cambridge U K

Optimized Design of Lenticular Lens Used on 3-D Television

S -Q. Ding, Y Jlao, J -Y. Chen Nankai University, Tianjin,

People's Republic of China

Gain as an LCD Metric

J. Wilson, H. Zou, K. W. Beeson, S. Zimmerman, M. McFarland

AllledSlgnal MlcroOptic Devices, Mornstown, NJ

Improving LCD Projected Image Quality by Deplxellzation 987

T-S. Park, J -S. Baek, H.-B Lee LG Electronics, Seoul, Korea

S -H Park Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea

L1: LATE-NEWS PAPERS: PROJECTION

Ultra High-Efficiency LC Projector Using a Polarized LightIlluminating System 993

Y Itoh, J.-l. Nakamura, K Yoneno, H Kamakura, N. Okamoto

Seiko-Epson Corp Nagano, Japan

High Resolution and Bright LCD Projector with Reflective LCD

Panels 997

F. Sato, Y. Yagl Pioneer Electronic Corp ,Yamanashi, Japan

K. Hanlhara Pioneer Video Corp ,Yamanashi Japan

Lasing Pixel PDLC Light Valves for Projection Applications 1001

N. M Lawandy Brown University, Providence, Rl and

Spectra Science, Providence, Rl

J A. Flrehammer, S D Vartak, G. P Crawford Brown

University Providence, Rl

Channel Constrained Metalization Patterning of Reflective

Backplane Electrodes for LC-on-Sliicon Displays 1005

A. Hermanns, M.-S. Chen, C O'Farrall Geo-Centers, Ft

Washington, MD

W Dressick, B. Ratna Naval Research Laboratory,

Washington, DC

J. Calvert Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC and

Shipley Co Marlborough, MA

43: HUMAN FACTORS AND MEASUREMENTS

43 1 The Effect of Pixel Pitch and Profile on the Letter-Identification

Performance 1029

P. J. Beckmann University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN

43 2 Increasing Display Density Using Overlapping Real Differences

in Depth 1033

W. P. Marshak SYTRONICS, Dayton, OH

J. Razo, V. Marzen, R. C. McKilllp Rockwell Collins, Cedar

Rapids, IA and Downers Grove, IL

43 3 Color-Monitor Calibration for Display of Multispectral Imagery 1037

J C Leachtenauer ERIM, Arlington, VA

N L. Salvaggio TASC, Reston, VA

43 4 Evaluation of Color-TV Displays by Means of the

Color-Rendering Index 1041

L. Grambow, J. Antkowlak Deutsche Telekom Berkom,Berlin, Germany

44: FPD MANUFACTURING: SUBSTRATE STRUCTURES

44 1 Cell-Gap Control on Rib-Spaced Polymer Film 1047

T. J. Gardiner, D. J. Olsen, R. P. Pokorny, D. J. W. Aastuen,C. L. Bruzzone 3M Materials Application Laboratory, St

Paul, MN

T. L. Hoopman 3M Optics Technology Center, St Paul, MN

44 2 A High Contrast and Rugged FLCD with Stripe-Type BCB and

Sticky Spacers 1051

S. R. Lee, O. K. Kwon, S. H Kim, S J Choi SamsungDisplay Devices, Suwon, Korea

44 3 Fiber Plasma Display 1055

C. Moore, R. Schaeffler Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY

44 4 Simple Apparatus for Production-Line LCD Cell-GapMeasurements 1059

H. L. Ong Kopm Corp , Westborough, MA

L2: LATE-NEWS PAPERS: MISCELLANEOUS

42: REFLECTIVE COLOR LCDs

42 1 Designing Bright Reflective Full-Color LCDs Using an

Optimized Reflector

N. Suglura, T. Uchlda Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan

L2 1 A UV-Cured Sol-Gel Broadband Anti-Reflective and

Scratch-Resistant Coating for CRTs 1065

P Belleville, P. Prene' CEA, Villeneuve Saint Georges, France

S. Petit, R. Plerl Thomson Tubes and Displays, Genlis,France

L2 2 High-Aperture-Ratio 2 4-in -Diagonal Poly-Si TFT-LCD Panel

with High Immunity to Threshold- Voltage Variations 1069

B. D. Choi, S. T Kim, O. K. Kwon Hanyang University Seoul,

KoreaM. J. Soh, K. M. Lim LG Corporate Institute of Technology,

Seoul, Korea

L2 3 Organic Multicolor EL Display with Fine Pixels 1073

C. Hosokawa, M. Eida, M. Matsuura, K. Fukuoka,H. Nakamura, T. Kusumoto Idemitsu Kosan Co , Ltd,

Chiba, Japan

L2 4 Synthesis of Tantalum Zinc Oxide A New Low-Voltage Blue

Phosphor 1077

1011 S K. Kurlnec Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY

M. D. Potter Advanced Vision Technologies, Rochester, NY

X

Table of Contents

SID '97 Seminar Highlights: Seminar Topics/Speakers 1081

SID '97 Tutorials and Applications Seminars 1083

SID '97 Honors and Awards 1087

SID '96 Best Paper Awards 1091

SID '97 Profiles of Speakers 1095

SID '97 Executive Committee 1104

SID '97 Program Committee 1105

SID '97 Session Chalrmen/Co-Chalrmen 1108

SID '97 List of Exhibitors/Exhibit Hall Floor Plan 1111

SID '97 Convention Center Floor Plans 1117SID '97 Timetable Inside Back Cover

XI