different type of electrical motors
TRANSCRIPT
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DC motors:-1.Self-excited dc motor2.Separately-excited dc motor
3. stepper motor4.switched reluctance dc motor
5.Permanent magnet motor
Universal motor(ac &dc)AC motors:-1.Synchronus motor
2.Induction motor
3.shaded pole motor
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DC MOTOR
Self excited dc motor
DC shunt motor:-
Since the field winding is placed in parallel witharmature, it is called a shunt winding and the motor is
called a shunt motor.
Dc series motor:-
The series motor provides high starting torque and is able to move
very large shaft loads when it is first energized.
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1.Short shunt motor
2.Long shunt motor
Separately excited dc motor
This type of DC motor is constructed such thatthe field is not connected to the armature.
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Stepper motor
Stepper motors can be
rotated to a specific angle in
discrete steps with ease,
and hence stepper motors
are used for read/write head
positioning in computer.
Stepper motors were andstill are often used in
computer printers, optical
scanners, and digital
photocopiers
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Switched reluctance motors
The switched reluctance motor (SRM) has no brushes or
permanent magnets, and the rotor has no electric currents.
Instead, torque comes from a slight mis-alignment of poles on
the rotor with poles on the stator. The rotor aligns itself with the
magnetic field of the stator, while the stator field stator windings
are sequentially energized to rotate the stator field.
As the rotor turns, different windings will be energized, keeping
the rotor turning.
6/4 Pole Switched reluctance motor
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AC MOTORS
Induction motor When a 3-phase ac supply is given to the stator
then rotating air gap flux will be produced andthat rotating flux will cut the stationary rotor
conductors.So emf is induced in the rotor,
consequently current will be produced.Thiscurrent interacts with the rotating flux to develop
the torque and now rotor begins to rotate.
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Universal motors A series-wound motor is referred to as a universal motor when
it has been designed to operate on either AC or DC power. It
can operate well on AC because the current in both the field
and the armature (and hence the resultant magnetic fields) will
alternate (reverse polarity) in synchronism, and hence the
resulting mechanical force will occur in a constant direction of
rotation.
An advantage of the universal motor is that AC supplies may be
used on motors which have some characteristics more commonin DC motors, specifically high starting torque and very compact
design if high running speeds are used
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Synchronus motor
Synchronus motor is a doubly excited machine.
It works on the principle that when an ac supply is
given to the armature winding,then an ac current will
flow in the winding.With the excitatation of field
winding by dc,it produces magnetic field which
interacts with armature current to develop a torque to
rotate the rotor of the motor.
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Shaded-pole motor
A shaded-pole motor is a type of AC single-phase inductionmotor. It is basically a small squirrel cage motor in which the
auxiliary winding is composed of a copper ring surrounding a
portion of each pole.This auxiliary winding is called a shadingcoil. Currents in this coil delay the phase of magnetic flux for
that pole (a shaded pole) enough to provide a rotating magnetic
field.The direction of rotation is from the unshaded side to the
shaded (ring) side of the pole. The effect produces only a low
starting torque compared to other classes of single-phasemotors.
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Permanent-magnet motors
A permanent-magnet motor does not havea field winding on the stator frame, instead
relying on permanent magnets to provide the
magnetic field against which the rotor field
interacts to produce torque. Compensating
windings in series with the armature may be
used on large motors to improve
commutation under load. Because this field is
fixed, it cannot be adjusted for speed control.Permanent-magnet fields (stators) are
convenient in miniature motors to eliminate
the power consumption of the field winding.
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conclusion
From above description we have familiar with
the different types of motors and we conclude
that all the motors have their specific featureswhich are used in different field of
applications.for example DC series motor are
used to drive the locomotive as a traction
motor,single phase induction motor is used fordomestic purpose for pumping and fan,dc
separately excited motor is used in crane or
hoist load etc.
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