Dictators Threaten World Dictators Threaten World PeacePeace

Fascists, Nazis and Commies … Fascists, Nazis and Commies … Oh My!Oh My!

Benito Mussolini - ItalyBenito Mussolini - Italy

Mussolini’s Rise to Power

• 1922 March on Rome

• Black shirts …thugs, secret police, violent storm troopers

• Mussolini becomes dictator

• First fascist government in Europe

Benito Mussolini

• Italy • Fascist– Black shirts

– Total control … fear, violence, nationalism

Fascism

• From the Latin word, “fasces”

• Symbol of Roman authority

Adolf Hitler

Hitler’s Rise to Power

• 1919 – Joins the National Socialists German Workers Party (Nazi)• 1923 – Beer Hall Putsch…attempted to start revolution to overthrow

government– Arrested and sentenced to prison (April 1924)– While in prison, writes a book, Mein Kampf (My Struggle)– Released December 24, 1924

•Nazi Party is not popular throughout the 1920s

•1930 Reichstag elections, Nazis get more seats than anyone (sudden popularity)

•1933 – Hitler is elected Chancellor of Germany (Jan)

•1933 – After Reichstag fire in February, communists are arrested by Nazis and Hitler is made Dictator to keep law and order and protect Germany from threat of communist terrorism

1933

Nazism• Swastika• Symbol adopted by

Nazis• NOT originally a

sinister symbol• used worldwide and

was regarded as a symbol of good luck and success

• Nazis ruined it

Hideki Tojo

Tojo’s Rise

• Worldwide depression left Japan in need of resources

• Military preached self-sufficiency through conquest

• Hideki Tojo becomes military dictator of Japan (1930)

• Emperor Hirohito is retained as Emperor, but Tojo rules Japan

AXIS Powers (Bad Guys)AXIS Powers (Bad Guys)

JAPANJAPAN

The Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union 1922 – Russia became the Union of 1922 – Russia became the Union of

Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, Soviet Union)Soviet Union)

1924-27 Stalin wins power struggle 1924-27 Stalin wins power struggle with Trotskywith Trotsky

Communist dictatorship under Joseph Communist dictatorship under Joseph StalinStalin

Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin

Communist Communist dictatordictator of of Soviet UnionSoviet Union Most brutal of all the dictatorsMost brutal of all the dictators Purged army officers (over 30,000 executed)Purged army officers (over 30,000 executed) Farm collectivization killed 13,000,000 Farm collectivization killed 13,000,000

peasants (mostly in Ukraine)peasants (mostly in Ukraine) Pogroms against Jews (deported, arrested, Pogroms against Jews (deported, arrested,

killed)killed) Series of Series of ““5 year plans5 year plans”” industrialized industrialized USSRUSSR Very, Very paranoidVery, Very paranoid

Francisco FrancoFrancisco Franco•Started revolt in Spain in 1936

•As a Fascist, he attracted the attention and assistance of Hitler and Mussolini

•During the Spanish Civil War (1936) German and Italian pilots trained by bombing Spanish cities

•Francisco Franco would become the Fascist dictator of Spain and rule form 1937 - 1975