Dichotomous Key

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ClassificationSystem that groups organisms based on common features that they share

Aristotle

First man to develop a system to classify organisms

2 kingdoms

He subdivided each kingdom Plant- based

division on size Herbs

Shrubs

Trees

Animals- based division on habitat Air

Land

Sea

Animals: Air Land Sea

Carolus Linnaeus

Improved classification system

Based his grouping on physical features

Linnaeus =Universal name= Binomial Nomenclature

All organisms are given a universal name

Used by all scientists

Helpful when many common names are used

Name is composed of 2 names

Genus name

Capitalized and comes first!

Species name

lower case and comes second

Both names are underlined

Example: Tolypeutes matacus – Three Banded Armadillo

Common names are misleading

Puma

Cougar

Mountain Lion

A seahorse is not a horse, but a fish.

Scientific name

Myotis macrotarsus

“Mouse-eared bat with big feet”

Cat

Genus name= Felis

Species name=

domesticus=house cat

sylvestris=wildcat

Human

Genus name=Homo

Species=sapien

Kingdom: Animalia (mobile critters; have many cells; can‟t make their own food)

Phylum: Chordata (flexible skeletal rod with accompanying nerves)

Class: Chondrichthyes („fish‟ with a cartilaginous skeleton)

Order: Lamniformes („Mackerel‟ sharks)

Family: Lamnidae („Mackerel‟ sharks)

Genus: Carcharodon (from the Greek carcharosmeaning “ragged” or “pointed” and odonmeaning “tooth”)

Species: carcharias (Greek for “shark”)

Modern classification system

Uses Linnaeus system but adds:

comparison of body chemistry and development features

DNA sequence

Cytochrome C

Hemoglobin

Developmental stages

of embryos

Reclassified

Modern Classification System Domain= Eubacteria

Kingdom=Eubacteria

Prokaryotic Bacteria

Domain=Archaea

Kingdom=Archaebacteria

Extreamophiles

Domain Eukarya

Contains 4 kingdoms

Kingdom=Protista

Kingdom=Fungi

Kingdom=Plant

Kingdom=Animal

Classification Groups =Taxa

A Mnemonic Device:

Dear

King

Philip

Came

Over

For

Ginger

Snaps

Each division contains fewer organisms, but

shares more features in common.

Classification Taxa Domain is the largest Taxa Domain contains one or more

kingdoms

Domain contain the most organisms

Each kingdom is then subdivided into: Phylum, Class, Order, Family,

Genus, Species

Species contain the fewest organisms but

with the most physical features in common

Classification

Which two animals are most closely related?

Ways to Identify an Unknown ?

Field Guides

Dichotomous Keys

Composed of statements with 2 opposite parts or categories.

Choose the statement that is true about an unknown organism.

Domain:

Kingdom:

Phylum:

Class:

Order:

Family:

Genus:

Species:

Shoe Classification

Can you classify shoes based on their characteristics?