DIATOMS

INTRODUCING ME…

CHARACTERISTICS

Characteristic # 1

Diatoms are…

the most abundant species in AQUATIC/

moist ecosystems

http://www.jm-derochette.be/images/Diatoms/Diatoms_1.jpg

Characteristic # 2

Diatoms are…

Photosynthetic autotrophs

http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/16036/enlarge, http://berryberryeasy.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Photoautotrophs.jpg

Azp

eit

ia t

ab

ula

ris

Important:• Fucoxanthin

Characteristic # 3

Diatoms are…

UNICELLULAR PROTISTS/ alga/

phytoplanktonhttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/_C97NrIblNPQ/TTkPj0DIgZI/AAAAAAAAB38/QYLupyEthaw/s640/Diatom007.jpg, http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/botanicalsciences/majordivisions/kingdomprotista/Protists/98258d.jpg

Psammodictyon panduriforme

Characteristic # 4

Diatoms are…

The most beautiful creatures on earth

http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/15909/350wm/B3050211-Diatom_alga,_SEM-SPL.jpg, http://cdn.indulgy.com/78/b3/Q8/210684088788027965687KsAPSc.jpg

Biddulphia tridens

Triceratium sp.

THAT’S WHAT MAKES THEM BEAUTIFUL!

STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

Structural Characteristic # 1

Diatoms have…

Glass-like Cell walls(Frustule)with

silica (siO2)http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/15918/530wm/B3050220-Diatom_alga,_SEM-SPL.jpg

Epitheca

Hypotheca

Functions:• Filtration/ Disinfection• Industry (eg. toothpastes, soap)• Gives them shape (boat-like, rod-like, disk-like, triangle-like)• Gives them color

Stichodiscus sp.

http://www.ucl.ac.uk/GeolSci/micropal/images/diat/diadiag01.gif

Structural Characteristic # 1

Structural Characteristic # 2

Diatoms have…

Chlorophyll-like plastids inside their

cells

http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/chlorophyll/chphyll.gif

Functions:• Photosynthesis• Primary Food Source• Vitamin D Source

Structural Characteristic # 3

Diatoms have…

Oil drops made of sugar & starch and volutin inside their

cells

Functions:• Oil production• Floating• Oil Deposits under the

ocean fuel• Storage of chemical

energy from photosynthesis

• Nitrogen production

Structural Characteristic # 4

Diatoms have…

Pores with patterns on

their frustules

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_C97NrIblNPQ/TTkbPZID0nI/AAAAAAAAB4s/cyjz8FLyF_g/s640/rad_diatoms.jpg

Functions:• Oxygen and Nitrogen Distribution• Exchange of materials

Structural Characteristic # 4

Diatoms have…

NO cilia and flagella

http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/15915/530wm/B3050217-Diatom_alga,_SEM-SPL.jpg

Effects:• Immobility

Aulacodiscus oregonus

Structural Characteristic # 5

Diatoms have…

Different sizes and shapes

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_C97NrIblNPQ/TTkiNLuvrEI/AAAAAAAAB5c/9KwK--vMrG8/s400/Diatom-2.jpg, http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/15921/530wm/B3050223-Diatom_alga,_SEM-SPL.jpg

Types:• Centric• Pennate

Nitzschia reinholdii

Actinocylcus sp.

SOMEWHERE ONLY THEY KNOW

HABITAT

Habitats

Diatoms live in…

http://www.allabouthappylife.com/wallpaper/widescreen_wallpapers/blue_water/blue_ocean-dsc05506.jpg, https://cmsdata.iucn.org/img/freshwater_6352.jpg

Marine Freshwater

Moist/Watery Areas

Habitats

Diatoms live in…

NO cilia and flagella

http://www.scienceclarified.com/images/uesc_04_img0211.jpg

Habitats

http://cornellbiochem.wikispaces.com/file/view/Picture_1.png/139679067/301x313/Picture_1.png

Habitats

NUTRITION

MAKULAY ANG BUHAY SA SINABAWANG GULAY!

Diatoms are…

PHOTOSYNTHETIC

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__xEh1FrhLM, http://mrhartansscienceclass.pbworks.com/f/1328587105/10-20-PhotosynthesisRev-L.gif

Nutrition

REPRODUCTION

I JUST HAD… (BLEEP)!

Asexual Reproduction

The shrinking phase

1. Cell division takes place.2. The two valves (epitheca and hypotheca)

separate.3. Each valve forms an epivalve of the daughter

cell while hypovalves are secreted from the parent cells.

4. This results to one cell being the same size as the parent cell while the other is smaller.

5. This process continues until cells reach about 30%-40% of their original size.

http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/phytoplankton/images/diatom_asexual.jpg

Asexual Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction

The growth phase1. Meiotic Cell division• Formation of eggs and monoflagellated

sperms in the parent cell2. Fertilization• Union of egg and sperm produces auxospore

3. Auxospore/Zygote Formation (Growth Phase)• Splitting of the parent cell while continuing

to grow4. Test Secretion• End of growth phase; new parent cell

develops

Sexual Reproduction

http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/algae/auxospores/auxospore_files/cycle_reproduction.jpg

Reproductive Cycle

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Centric_diatom_life-cycle.jpg/580px-Centric_diatom_life-cycle.jpg

Resting Spores

The inactivity phaseSkeletonema marinoi When: Times of low

nutrients and low sunlight

What: Metabolically inactive spores

How: Stored energy from photosynthetic products & thick and tough cell walls

Where: At the bottom of the oceanhttp://images.sciencedaily.com/2011/03/110301111658-large.jpg

ECOLOGY

I WAS BORN THIS WAY!

Ecological Role # 1

Primary producers

http://oceansjsu.com/images/exped_ecoystems/arctic_marine_food_web_90.jpg

Ecological Role # 2

Important resource

• 20%-25% of the world’s carbon fixation• 40% of the world’s oxygen (in the atmosphere)• Vitamin D• 23% of primary productivity in the world• Oil/Fuel• Silicon (SiO2)

Ecological Role # 3

Nutrient detector

PLANKTON BLOOM – when there is an abundance of nutrients and excessive amount of sunlight in the oceanhttp://oceansjsu.com/images/exer8/plankt1.gif

EXAMPLES

I ’M NEVER CHANGING WHO I AM!

Example # 1

Triceratium moreirae

http://www.scielo.br/img/fbpe/rbbio/v61n1/a20fig6b.gif

Where: (mentioned) Southern BrazilWho: L.F. Fernandes and R.M. Sousa-NosimannWhen: 2001What: 47-61 μm; convex, tripolar valves; elevated with ocellus and rimoportula

Example # 2

Lithodesmium undulatum

http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/15919/530wm/B3050221-Diatom_alga,_SEM-SPL.jpg

Where: warm, temperate seasWho: C.G. EhrenbergWhen: 1839What: 37-93 μm; marginal ridge with clear pattern of perforation; undulated sides; ‘wavy’

Example # 3

Baceteriastrum delicatulum

http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/15931/large/B3050233-Diatom_alga,_SEM-SPL.jpg

Where: (mentioned) Mexico, Lebanon, UK,Red SeaWho: CleveWhen: 1897What: 20-40 μm; circular valves with bristles; ‘spider-like’

Sources

Becker, J. (1996). Diatom Reproduction. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute: http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/diatoms/john/basics/repro.htmBiggs, A., Kapicka, C., & Lundgren, L. (1995). Biology: The Dynamics of Life. Ohio: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill.Braby, C. E. (2001). Diatoms. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute: http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/phytoplankton/phytoplankton_diatoms.htmBraby, C. E. (2001). Diatoms Asexual Reproduction. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute: http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/phytoplankton/phytoplankton_diatom_asexual.HTM

http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/diatoms/jennifer/scan11.jpg

Sources

Cuvelier, D. (2005, July 8). Bacteriastrum delicatulum Cleve, 189. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from World Register of Marine Species: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1641

08Essenfield, B., Gontang, C., & Moore, R. (1996). Biology, 2nd Edition. US: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.Fernandes, L., & de Souza-Mosimann, R. (2005, May 22). Triceratium moreirae Sp Nov And Triceratium dubium Triceratiaceae Bacillariophy. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from Biblioteca: http://biblioteca.universia.net/html_bura/ficha/params/title/triceratium-moreirae-sp-nov-and-triceratium-dubium-triceratiaceae-bacillariophyta-from/id/272002.html

http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/diatoms/jennifer/scan11.jpg

Sources

Frazer, & Jennifer. (2010, March 28). Diatoms, or The Trouble With Life in Glass Houses. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from The Artful Amoeba: http://theartfulamoeba.com/2010/03/28/diatoms-or- the-trouble-with-life-in-glass-houses/Guiry, M. (2004, October 11). Triceratium moreirae. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from Seaweed Africa: http://www.seaweedafrica.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=140330Guiry, M., & Guiry, G. (2002, April 23). Species Detail. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from Algaebase: http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=38373Kaskel, A., Hummer, P. J., & Daniel, L. (1992). Biology: An Everyday Experience. USA: Merrill Publishing Company.

http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/diatoms/jennifer/scan11.jpg

Sources

Kuylenstierna, M., & Karlson, B. (2006, September 15). Lithodesmium undulatum. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from SMHI: http://www.smhi.se/oceanografi/oce_info_data/plankton_checklist/diatoms/lithodesmium_undulatum.htmLife XMU. (n.d.). Centric & Pennate template. Retrieved October 27, 2012, from Life XMU: http://life.xmu.edu.cn/diatom/diatomphoto/Centric%20diatoms/htmldir/0000008e.htmMiller, K., & Levine, J. (2008). Biology: the Dragonfly Book. US: Prentice Hall.Oktar, A. (2011, April 1). The Microscopic living being that forms the oil fields: Diatom. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from Harun Yahya: http://harunyahya.com/en/works/40358/the-microscopic-living-being-that

http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/diatoms/jennifer/scan11.jpg

Sources

Pece. (2011, January 20). PSYCHEDELIC DIATOMS. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from Predict Weather @ Blogspot: http://predictweather.blogspot.com/2011/01/psychedelic-diatoms.htmlPrescott, L. M., Harley, J., & Klein, D. (2005). Microbiology. New York: McGraw-Hill.Science Photo Library. (n.d.). Jewels of the Sea. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from Science Photo Library: http://www.sciencephoto.com/set/1277/jewels-of-the-seaSeeberg-Elverfeldt, I. A. (2004). Laminated diatomaceous sediments of the Red Sea, their composition and significance as recorders of abrupt changes in productivity and circulation during the Late Quaternary. Bremen, Germany.

http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/diatoms/jennifer/scan11.jpg

Sources

Shin, J. (1999). Intro to Diatoms. Retrieved October 26, 2012, from Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute: http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/diatoms/jennifer/introa.htm

* Photo sources are inserted in the slides.

http://www.mbari.org/staff/conn/botany/diatoms/jennifer/scan11.jpg