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• In the 15th century, the Iberian Peninsula was divided into five large territories: the Crown of Castile, the Crown of Aragon, the Kingdom of Navarre, the Kingdom of Portugal and the Islamic Kingdom of Granada.

• The Catholic Monarchs is the

collective title used in history for Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon. Their marriage united both crowns under the same family. They governed their territories together, but each kingdom had its own laws and institutions. It was the beginnings of modern Spain.

• Isabella died in 1504. Ferdinand remarried Germaine of Foix; he died in 1516. They are buried in the Royal Chapel, in Granada.

• The Catholic Monarchs restored the royal authority in Spain. They created

the Holy Brotherhood, a judicial police force for the countryside.

•They reorganized the justice system and created the Royal Council, the

highest judicial body.

•They also created a permanent and professional army.

• They conquered Granada in 1492 after 10 years of battles. Last Emir

Boabdil

•.The Kings annexed the Kingdom of Navarre (1512)

Religious Unity

• The Catholic Monarchs wanted religious unification for their kingdoms so they founded the Tribunal of the Inquisition to prosecute heretics.

• Ferdinand and Isabella ordered that all Muslims (1502 Castile – 1526 Aragon) and Jews 1492 ( no gold or jewelry) be expelled from Spain or they were forced to covert to Catholicism

• They authorized the expedition

of Christopher Columbus.

• All the territories conquered in

America belonged to the Castilian

Crown and they were called

Reinos de Indias or simply Las

Indias.

• The different administrations

and juridical organizations

remained until the 18th (XVIII)

century when Felipe V established

the common administration

between all the diverse territories

of the Spanish Crown.

Cristopher Columbus

The Monarchs' joint motto

was “Tanto monta, monta

tanto”. The motto was

created by Antonio de

Nebrija and was an allusion

to the explanation of the

equality of the

monarchs: Tanto monta,

monta tanto, Isabel como

Fernando ("It's one and the

same, Isabella the same as

Ferdinand")

Their symbol was el yugo y

las flechas, a yoke and a

fasces. Y and F are the

initials of Ysabel (archaic

spelling) and Fernando.

Foreign Policy

• Naples

• Sicily

• Rousillon and Sardinia

• North Africa

• Canary Islands

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The Spanish Inquisition ("(Keep

Feeling) Fascination" by The

Human League) - YouTube