diamonds chem

7/31/2019 Diamonds Chem

1/11

By:

Muskaan Sachdeva

and Heba Ikram

Diamonds

may be a girls

best friend,

but new

diamonds

may be anengineers.


2/11

Natural Diamonds New Diamond

How are they formed? Created when

carbon is subjected

to extreme heat and

pressure deep within

the Earth.

Created when glassy carbon is

compressed to above 400,000 times

normal atmospheric pressure. Glassy

carbon is basically a form of carbon

which combines the properties of glassand ceramics with those of graphite.

Pressure Can withstand 1

million times normal

atmospheric

pressure.

Can withstand 1.3 million times

normal atmospheric pressure.

Cost Per carat

approximately

$5,000 - $7,500

The cost will definitely be very high

because of the many advantages of the

new diamond. More people will want

to buy the new diamond therefore

costs will rise.

Form Crystals Amorphous Material


3/11

CRYSTALSAMORPHOUS

MATERIAL

A crystalline solid has a regular

repeating pattern in the

structure, or in other words,there is long-range order.

ANALOGY:

Consider the pattern:

ABCABCABCABCABC

An amorphous solid does not

have long-range order. In other

words, there is no repeat unit.

ANALOGY:

Consider the pattern:

ABCBCABBCACBACBAC


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5/11

This is a good discovery.

Researchers: Super hard anvils forhigh pressure research.

Could lead to new classes of ultra dense and strong

materials. Industrialists: They can sell these new diamonds to

consumers at a high price since they are as strong asdiamonds and have a higher availability.

Girls: Diamonds are girls best friends.

Stores that sell diamonds will sell the new allotrope ofcarbon in a higher price so they will earn more money sincepeople would want harder diamonds. Harder diamonds willlast for a longer period of time because they wont breaktherefore, women and other diamond-lovers will benefit.


6/11

Since the new diamond is an amorphousmaterial not a crystal, its structure lacksthe repeating atomic order of a diamond crystal. Thisquality could make the new material superior to

diamonds, if it proves to be equally hard in alldirections.

New Diamond can be used to make jewelleries, so itwill benefit the economy.

Diamonds have to be extracted first from Earthssurface. However, this new diamond can be made ina laboratory under high pressures. So, it can be easilyavailable.


7/11

People who have natural diamonds wont be

seen as unique because their item has

dropped in price.

Costs of diamonds will rise


8/11

By using knowledge from Chemistry, scientists were able to create a new allotrope ofCarbon which is capable of withstanding 1.3 million times normal atmospheric

pressure in one direction while confined under a pressure of 600,000 times

atmospheric levels in other directions.

Atmospheric pressure is the force per unit area exerted into a surface by the weight

of air above that surface in the atmosphere of Earth (or that of another planet)

The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure and is defined as being

equal to 101.325 kPa.

No substance other than diamond has been observed to withstand this type of

pressure stress, indicating that the new carbon allotrope must indeed be very

strong.

Previously, we mentioned Carbon and allotrope- Carbon is the fourth most abundant

element in the universe and takes on a wide variety of forms, called allotropes,

including diamond and graphite.

Scientists have now discovered a new form of carbon, which is capable of

withstanding extreme pressure stresses that were previously observed only in

diamond.


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Three Types of Diamonds: Natural Diamonds,Synthetic Diamonds and New Diamond Rock

Synthetic:

Synthetic industrial diamonds are produced theprocess of High Pressure High TemperatureSynthesis (HPHT). In HPHT synthesis, graphite anda metallic catalyst are placed in a hydraulic press

under high temperatures and pressures. Over theperiod of a few hours the graphite converts todiamond.


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UNDERSTANDING THE CHEMISTRY

BEHIND DIAMONDS

A neutral carbon atom has 6 protons and 6 neutrons inits nucleus, balanced by 6 electrons. The electron shellconfiguration of carbon is 1s22s22p2. Carbon has avalence of 4, since 4 electrons can be accepted to fill

the 2p orbital. Diamond is made up of repeating unitsof carbon atoms joined to four other carbon atoms viathe strongest chemical linkage, covalent bonds. Eachcarbon atom is in a rigid tetrahedral network where itis equidistant from its neighboring carbon atoms. The

structural unit of diamond consists of 8 atoms,fundamentally arranged in a cube. This network is verystable and rigid, which is why diamonds are so veryhard and have a high melting point.
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