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2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
1
Dia
gnos
tic U
ltras
ound
Phy
sics
D
iagn
ostic
Ultr
asou
nd P
hysi
cs
and
QC
Wor
ksho
pan
d Q
C W
orks
hop
Ran
dell
Kru
ger,
Ph.
D.,
Ran
dell
Kru
ger,
Ph.
D.,
Mar
shfie
ld C
linic
, Mar
shfie
ld, W
IM
arsh
field
Clin
ic, M
arsh
field
, WI
Zhe
ngfe
ng
Zhe
ngfe
ng L
u, P
h.D
.,L
u, P
h.D
.,C
olum
bia
Pres
byte
rian
Med
ical
Cen
ter,
New
Yor
k, N
YC
olum
bia
Pres
byte
rian
Med
ical
Cen
ter,
New
Yor
k, N
Y
Hea
ther
Mill
er, E
ngin
eer
Hea
ther
Mill
er, E
ngin
eer
CIR
S In
c., N
orfo
lk, V
AC
IRS
Inc.
, Nor
folk
, VA
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
2
Wor
ksho
p O
utlin
eW
orks
hop
Out
line
•• Int
rodu
ctio
nIn
trodu
ctio
n•• O
verv
iew
of u
ltras
ound
pha
ntom
sO
verv
iew
of u
ltras
ound
pha
ntom
s•• Q
A/Q
C in
trodu
ctio
n an
d ba
ckgr
ound
QA
/QC
intro
duct
ion
and
back
grou
nd!
QA
/QC
requ
irem
ents
!U
ltras
ound
acc
redi
tatio
n!
Res
ourc
es•• Q
C T
est /
phy
sics
dem
onst
ratio
nsQ
C T
est /
phy
sics
dem
onst
ratio
ns!
Eigh
t tes
ts re
view
ed!
Rev
iew
test
pro
cedu
res
!R
evie
w p
hysi
cs p
rinci
ples
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
3
Dia
gnos
tic U
ltras
ound
Phy
sics
and
D
iagn
ostic
Ultr
asou
nd P
hysi
cs a
nd
QC
Wor
ksho
p : A
n O
verv
iew
of
QC
Wor
ksho
p : A
n O
verv
iew
of
Ultr
asou
nd P
hant
oms
Ultr
asou
nd P
hant
oms
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
4
Wha
t is a
n ul
tras
ound
pha
ntom
?W
hat i
s an
ultr
asou
nd p
hant
om?
Any
stru
ctur
e th
at
Any
stru
ctur
e th
at
cont
ains
one
or m
ore
cont
ains
one
or m
ore
mat
eria
ls th
at si
mul
ate
a m
ater
ials
that
sim
ulat
e a
body
of t
issu
e in
its
body
of t
issu
e in
its
inte
ract
ion
with
in
tera
ctio
n w
ith
ultra
soun
d an
d is
use
d to
ul
traso
und
and
is u
sed
to
mim
ic u
ltras
onic
m
imic
ultr
ason
ic
inte
ract
ions
in th
e hu
man
in
tera
ctio
ns in
the
hum
an
body
.bo
dy.
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
5
Tis
sue
Mim
icki
ng M
ater
ials
Tis
sue
Mim
icki
ng M
ater
ials
••A
gar
Aga
r••
Zerd
ine
Zerd
ineT
MTM
••U
reth
anes
Ure
than
es••
Oth
erO
ther ep
oxie
sep
oxie
sliq
uids
liqui
dsna
tura
l mat
eria
lsna
tura
l mat
eria
ls
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
6
Aco
ustic
Pro
pert
ies
Aco
ustic
Pro
pert
ies
•• Spe
ed o
f Sou
ndSp
eed
of S
ound
•• Atte
nuat
ion
Coe
ffic
ient
Atte
nuat
ion
Coe
ffic
ient
•• Bac
ksca
tter C
oeff
icie
nt/R
elat
ive
Bac
ksca
tter C
oeff
icie
nt/R
elat
ive
Con
trast
Con
trast
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
7
Aco
ustic
Pro
pert
ies
Aco
ustic
Pro
pert
ies
•• Spe
ed o
f Sou
nd
Spee
d of
Sou
nd
1540
m/s
1540
m/s
•• Atte
nuat
ion
Coe
ffic
ient
Atte
nuat
ion
Coe
ffic
ient
•• Bac
ksca
tter C
oeff
icie
nt/R
elat
ive
Bac
ksca
tter C
oeff
icie
nt/R
elat
ive
Con
trast
Con
trast
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
8
Aco
ustic
Pro
pert
ies
Aco
ustic
Pro
pert
ies
•• Spe
ed o
f Sou
nd
Spee
d of
Sou
nd
1540
m/s
1540
m/s
•• Atte
nuat
ion
Atte
nuat
ion
0.5
dB/c
m/M
Hz
or 0
.7 d
B/c
m/M
Hz
0.5
dB/c
m/M
Hz
or 0
.7 d
B/c
m/M
Hz
•• Bac
ksca
tter C
oeff
icie
ntB
acks
catte
r Coe
ffic
ient
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
9
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
10
Wir
esW
ires
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
11
Var
ious
Mas
ses
Var
ious
Mas
ses
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
12
App
licat
ions
App
licat
ions
•• Tra
inin
gTr
aini
ng•• D
emon
stra
tion
Dem
onst
ratio
n•• Q
ualit
y A
ssur
ance
Qua
lity
Ass
uran
ce•• R
esea
rch
& D
evel
opm
ent
Res
earc
h &
Dev
elop
men
t
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
13
Tra
inin
g Ph
anto
ms
Tra
inin
g Ph
anto
ms
•• Bio
psy
Bio
psy
•• Cry
osur
gery
Cry
osur
gery
•• Bra
chyt
hera
pyB
rach
ythe
rapy
•• HIF
UH
IFU
•• IV
US
IVU
S•• 3
D3D
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
14
Dem
onst
ratio
nsD
emon
stra
tions
!3D
Sys
tem
s•
Mai
nly
feta
l ultr
asou
nd!
Bra
chyt
hera
py S
yste
ms
•D
emon
stra
te n
eedl
e an
d se
ed v
isua
lizat
ion
!O
ther
Sal
es d
emon
stra
tions
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
15
Bra
chyt
hera
pyB
rach
ythe
rapy
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
16
QA
/QC
QA
/QC
••Eq
uipm
ent S
elec
tion
Equi
pmen
t Sel
ectio
n••
Acc
epta
nce
Test
ing
Acc
epta
nce
Test
ing
••C
onsi
sten
cy c
heck
sC
onsi
sten
cy c
heck
s••
Acc
redi
tatio
n Pr
ogra
ms
Acc
redi
tatio
n Pr
ogra
ms
!A
CR
!A
IUM
!IC
AV
L
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
17
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
18
R&
D U
ses
R&
D U
ses
•• Pro
duct
Dev
elop
men
tPr
oduc
t Dev
elop
men
t•• F
DA
App
rova
l Pro
cess
FDA
App
rova
l Pro
cess
•• Bas
ic S
cien
tific
Res
earc
hB
asic
Sci
entif
ic R
esea
rch
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
19
Man
ufac
ture
rsM
anuf
actu
rers
•• ATS
Lab
s, B
ridge
port,
CT
ATS
Lab
s, B
ridge
port,
CT
!w
ww
.ats
labs
.com
•• CIR
S, N
orfo
lk V
AC
IRS,
Nor
folk
VA
!w
ww
.cirs
inc.
com
•• Gam
mex
RM
I, M
adis
on W
IG
amm
ex R
MI,
Mad
ison
WI
!w
ww
.gam
mex
.com
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
20
Dia
gnos
tic U
ltras
ound
Phy
sics
and
D
iagn
ostic
Ultr
asou
nd P
hysi
cs a
nd
QC
Wor
ksho
p :
QC
Tes
ts a
nd
QC
Wor
ksho
p :
QC
Tes
ts a
nd
Phys
ics R
evie
wed
Phys
ics R
evie
wed
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
21
Wor
ksho
p O
utlin
eW
orks
hop
Out
line
•• QA
/QC
Intro
duct
ion
and
Bac
kgro
und
QA
/QC
Intro
duct
ion
and
Bac
kgro
und
!Q
A/Q
C R
equi
rem
ents
!U
ltras
ound
Acc
redi
tatio
n!
Res
ourc
es•• Q
C T
est /
Phy
sics
Dem
onst
ratio
nsQ
C T
est /
Phy
sics
Dem
onst
ratio
ns!
Dep
th o
f Vis
ualiz
atio
n (F
requ
ency
and
Fra
me
Rat
e)!
Axi
al a
nd L
ater
al R
esol
utio
n (D
epth
and
Fre
quen
cy)
!D
ista
nce
Acc
urac
y!
Dea
d Zo
ne a
nd Im
age
Uni
form
ity!
Ane
choi
c O
bjec
t Per
cept
ion
!D
oppl
er:
Gat
e A
ngle
, Gat
e Si
ze, a
nd G
ate
Posi
tion
!Lo
w C
ontra
st O
bjec
t Det
ecta
bilit
y
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
22
QA
/QC
Req
uire
men
tsQ
A/Q
C R
equi
rem
ents
•• Lev
els o
f ultr
asou
nd Q
C te
stin
gLe
vels
of u
ltras
ound
QC
test
ing
!Le
vel 1
, Fre
quen
t tes
ting
•O
pera
tor�
s QC
test
s!
Leve
l 2, S
emi-a
nnua
l (or
ann
ual)
test
ing
•Ph
ysic
ist�s
QC
test
s!
Leve
l 3, A
ccep
tanc
e te
stin
g •
Bas
elin
e va
lues
est
ablis
hed
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
23
QA
/QC
Req
uire
men
tsQ
A/Q
C R
equi
rem
ents
•• Am
eric
an A
ssoc
iatio
n of
Phy
sici
sts i
n M
edic
ine
Am
eric
an A
ssoc
iatio
n of
Phy
sici
sts i
n M
edic
ine
!U
ltras
ound
Tas
k G
roup
No.
1, �
Rea
l-tim
e B
-mod
e ul
traso
und
qual
ity c
ontro
l tes
t pro
cedu
res�
•A
utho
rs/e
dito
rs: M
M G
oods
itt e
t al.
•M
edic
al P
hysi
cs, 2
5(8)
:138
5-40
6, 1
998
Aug
ust
!A
APM
Ultr
asou
nd C
omm
ittee
•A
nnua
l con
tinui
ng e
duca
tion
cour
ses
•A
nnua
l wor
ksho
ps (h
ands
-on
and
dem
onst
ratio
ns)
!R
emot
ely
Dire
cted
Con
tinui
ng E
duca
tion
(RD
CE)
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
24
QA
/QC
Req
uire
men
tsQ
A/Q
C R
equi
rem
ents
•• Am
eric
an In
stitu
te o
f Ultr
asou
nd in
Med
icin
eA
mer
ican
Inst
itute
of U
ltras
ound
in M
edic
ine
!�Q
ualit
y A
ssur
ance
Man
ual f
or G
ray
Scal
e U
ltras
ound
Sc
anne
rs (S
tage
2)�
•A
utho
rs/e
dito
rs: E
. Mad
sen
•AIU
M, L
aure
l, M
D, 1
995
!�P
erfo
rman
ce C
riter
ia a
nd M
easu
rem
ents
for D
oppl
er
Ultr
asou
nd D
evic
es: T
echn
ical
Dis
cuss
ion�
•2nd
Editi
on•A
IUM
, Lau
rel,
MD
, 200
2
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
25
QA
/QC
Req
uire
men
tsQ
A/Q
C R
equi
rem
ents
•• The
Inst
itute
of P
hysi
cal S
cien
ces i
n M
edic
ine
The
Inst
itute
of P
hysi
cal S
cien
ces i
n M
edic
ine
!R
epor
t 70,
�Te
stin
g of
Dop
pler
Ultr
asou
nd
Equi
pmen
t�•
Aut
hors
/edi
tors
: PR
Hos
kins
, SB
She
rriff
and
JA E
vans
•Y
ork:
ISPM
, 199
4!
Rep
ort 7
1, �
Rou
tine
Qua
lity
Ass
uran
ce o
f U
ltras
ound
Imag
ing
Syst
ems�
•A
utho
rs/e
dito
rs:
R P
rice
•Y
ork:
ISPM
, 199
5
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
26
Ultr
asou
nd A
ccre
dita
tion
Ultr
asou
nd A
ccre
dita
tion
•• AC
R A
ccre
dita
tion
(A
CR
Acc
redi
tatio
n ( w
ww
.acr
.org
ww
w.a
cr.o
rg))
!B
reas
t Ultr
asou
nd A
ccre
dita
tion
Prog
ram
!G
ener
al U
ltras
ound
Acc
redi
tatio
n Pr
ogra
m•
Obs
tetri
cal
•G
ynec
olog
ical
•G
ener
al•
Vas
cula
r•
Com
bina
tion
of th
e ab
ove
••A
IUM
Acc
redi
tatio
n (
AIU
M A
ccre
dita
tion
( ww
w.a
ium
.org
ww
w.a
ium
.org
))!
Bre
ast,
Obs
tetri
cal,
Gyn
ecol
ogic
al, A
bdom
inal
/Gen
eral
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
27
Ultr
asou
nd A
ccre
dita
tion
Ultr
asou
nd A
ccre
dita
tion
••A
CR
QA
/QC
pro
gram
spec
ifics
AC
R Q
A/Q
C p
rogr
am sp
ecifi
cs!
Dire
cted
by
med
ical
phy
sici
st o
r sup
ervi
sing
phy
sici
an!
Test
ing
mus
t be
done
at l
east
sem
i-ann
ually
•R
epea
t tes
ts a
nd m
onito
r cha
nges
ove
r tim
e•
Impl
emen
t cor
rect
ive
actio
ns w
hen
nece
ssar
y•
Res
ults
mus
t be
docu
men
ted
and
mai
ntai
ned
on si
te
••A
CR
gen
eral
US
accr
edita
tion
sem
iA
CR
gen
eral
US
accr
edita
tion
sem
i -- ann
ual t
ests
annu
al te
sts
!Sy
stem
sens
itivi
ty a
nd/o
r pen
etra
tion
capa
bilit
y !
Imag
e un
iform
ity
!Ph
otog
raph
y an
d ot
her h
ard
copy
reco
rdin
g !
Low
con
trast
obj
ect d
etec
tabi
lity
(opt
iona
l)!
Ass
uran
ce o
f ele
ctric
al a
nd m
echa
nica
l saf
ety
!V
ertic
al a
nd h
oriz
onta
l dis
tanc
e ac
cura
cy
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
28
Ultr
asou
nd A
ccre
dita
tion
Ultr
asou
nd A
ccre
dita
tion
•• AC
R S
emi
AC
R S
emi -- A
nnua
l Bre
ast Q
C T
ests
Ann
ual B
reas
t QC
Tes
ts!
Max
imum
dep
th o
f vis
ualiz
atio
n!
Dis
tanc
e ac
cura
cy (v
ertic
al a
nd h
oriz
onta
l)!
Uni
form
ity!
Elec
trica
l-mec
hani
cal c
lean
lines
s con
ditio
n!
Ane
choi
c vo
id p
erce
ptio
n!
Rin
g do
wn
!La
tera
l res
olut
ion
!Q
ualit
y C
ontro
l Che
cklis
t
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
29
Res
ourc
esR
esou
rces
••A
ccre
dita
tion
and
QA
/QC
gui
danc
eA
ccre
dita
tion
and
QA
/QC
gui
danc
e!
Am
eric
an C
olle
ge o
f Rad
iolo
gy ®
(AC
R)
!In
ters
ocie
tal C
omm
issi
on fo
r the
Acc
redi
tatio
n of
Ec
hoca
rdio
grap
hy L
abor
ator
ies ®
(IC
AEL
) and
V
ascu
lar L
abor
ator
ies ®
(IC
AV
L)
•• �La
bora
tory
� de
mon
stra
tions
usi
ng p
hysi
cs te
st
�Lab
orat
ory�
dem
onst
ratio
ns u
sing
phy
sics
test
eq
uipm
ent a
nd ro
utin
e cl
inic
al e
quip
men
teq
uipm
ent a
nd ro
utin
e cl
inic
al e
quip
men
t!
Qua
lity
assu
ranc
e ph
anto
m(s
)!
Clin
ical
equ
ipm
ent a
nd so
nogr
aphe
rs
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
30
Res
ourc
esR
esou
rces
••Ed
ucat
iona
l and
Res
earc
h O
rgan
izat
ions
Educ
atio
nal a
nd R
esea
rch
Org
aniz
atio
ns!
Am
eric
an In
stitu
te o
f Ultr
asou
nd M
edic
ine
®(A
IUM
)!
Am
eric
an R
egis
try o
f Dia
gnos
tic M
edic
al
Sono
grap
hers
® (A
RD
MS)
!
Am
eric
an R
egis
try o
f Rad
iolo
gic
Tech
nolo
gist
s ®
!C
omm
issi
on o
n A
ccre
dita
tion
of A
llied
Hea
lth
Educ
atio
n Pr
ogra
ms �
Car
diov
ascu
lar (
CA
AH
EP-
DM
S) a
nd D
iagn
ostic
(CA
AH
EP-D
MS)
!Jo
int R
evie
w C
omm
ittee
on
Educ
atio
n in
Dia
gnos
tic
Med
ical
Son
ogra
phy
(JR
CD
MS)
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
31
Res
ourc
esR
esou
rces
••C
linic
al U
ltras
ound
Phy
sics
: C
linic
al U
ltras
ound
Phy
sics
: A
Wor
kboo
k fo
r Phy
sici
sts,
A W
orkb
ook
for P
hysi
cist
s, R
esid
ents
, and
Stu
dent
sR
esid
ents
, and
Stu
dent
s!
Aut
hors
(AA
PM U
S C
omm
ittee
):•
Jam
es M
. Kof
ler,
Jr.,
Ph.D
•R
ande
ll L.
Kru
ger,
Ph.D
•Ev
an B
oote
, Ph.
D•
Zhen
gfen
g Lu
, Ph.
D•
J. B
rain
Fow
lkes
, Ph.
D•
Mar
k R
. Hol
land
, Ph.
D!
Publ
ishe
d fo
r the
AA
PM b
y M
edic
al
Phys
ics P
ublis
hing
(200
1)
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
32
Res
ourc
esR
esou
rces
••M
any
text
s are
ava
ilabl
eM
any
text
s are
ava
ilabl
e!
Ref
er to
wor
kboo
k fo
r a
list o
f pos
sibl
e re
fere
nces
••B
asic
topi
cs in
clud
eB
asic
topi
cs in
clud
e!
Phys
ics r
evie
w!
Inte
ract
ion
with
mat
ter
!In
stru
men
tatio
n!
Imag
e st
orag
e an
d di
spla
y!
Dop
pler
ultr
asou
nd!
QC
, saf
ety,
and
bio
effe
cts
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
33
Phys
ics/
QC
Dem
onst
ratio
nsPh
ysic
s/Q
C D
emon
stra
tions
•• Max
imum
Dep
th o
f Vis
ualiz
atio
n Q
C te
stM
axim
um D
epth
of V
isua
lizat
ion
QC
test
!Th
e m
axim
um d
epth
of v
isua
lizat
ion
is d
eter
min
ed
by c
ompa
ring
the
grad
ually
wea
keni
ng e
cho
text
ure
to e
lect
roni
c no
ises
nea
r the
bot
tom
of t
he im
age
!U
se th
e sa
me
setti
ngs a
nd m
onito
r cha
nges
!Ph
ysic
s dem
onst
ratio
n �f
ram
e ra
te a
nd fr
eque
ncy
•Fr
ame
rate
is in
vers
ely
prop
ortio
nal t
o th
e m
axim
um d
epth
�Fr
ame
rate
dec
reas
es a
s im
agin
g de
pth
incr
ease
s•
Dep
th o
f pen
etra
tion
decr
ease
s as f
requ
ency
incr
ease
s�
Hig
her f
requ
ency
bea
m is
atte
nuat
ed m
ore
rapi
dly
than
one
tra
nsm
itted
at a
low
er fr
eque
ncy
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
34
Phys
ics/
QC
Dem
onst
ratio
nsPh
ysic
s/Q
C D
emon
stra
tions
Live
Dem
onst
ratio
n of
QC
Tes
t or P
hysi
cs C
once
pt
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
35
Phys
ics/
QC
Dem
onst
ratio
nsPh
ysic
s/Q
C D
emon
stra
tions
•• Axi
al a
nd la
tera
l res
olut
ion
QC
test
ing
Axi
al a
nd la
tera
l res
olut
ion
QC
test
ing
!Sp
atia
l res
olut
ion
may
be
eval
uate
d by
eith
er o
f the
fo
llow
ing
way
s:•
Cou
nt th
e nu
mbe
r of t
he p
ins d
istin
guis
hed
with
out o
verla
p in
late
ral a
nd a
xial
dire
ctio
n;�
Min
imum
targ
et sp
acin
g is
doc
umen
ted
•M
easu
re th
e si
ze o
f the
pin
in la
tera
l and
axi
al d
irect
ion
!Ph
ysic
s dem
onst
ratio
n: im
agin
g de
pth
and
freq
uenc
y•
Com
pare
dep
th a
nd fr
eque
ncy
to m
easu
red
late
ral r
esol
utio
n•
Dem
onst
rate
bet
ter a
xial
reso
lutio
n at
a h
ighe
r fre
quen
cy
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
36
Phys
ics/
QC
Dem
onst
ratio
nsPh
ysic
s/Q
C D
emon
stra
tions
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
37
Phys
ics/
QC
Dem
onst
ratio
nsPh
ysic
s/Q
C D
emon
stra
tions
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
38
Phys
ics/
QC
Dem
onst
ratio
nsPh
ysic
s/Q
C D
emon
stra
tions
Live
Dem
onst
ratio
n of
QC
Tes
t or P
hysi
cs C
once
pt
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
39
Phys
ics/
QC
Dem
onst
ratio
nsPh
ysic
s/Q
C D
emon
stra
tions
•• Dis
tanc
e ac
cura
cy Q
C te
stin
gD
ista
nce
accu
racy
QC
test
ing
!Sc
an th
e ph
anto
m w
ith a
ver
tical
col
umn
and
a ho
rizon
tal r
ow o
f ref
lect
ors
!Th
e di
gita
l cal
iper
read
out o
n sc
reen
is c
heck
ed
agai
nst t
he k
now
n di
stan
ce b
etw
een
refle
ctor
s•
Ver
tical
: 1.5
% o
f the
act
ual d
ista
nce
or 2
mm
, whi
chev
er
is g
reat
er•
Hor
izon
tal:
3% o
f the
act
ual d
ista
nce
or 3
mm
, whi
chev
er
is g
reat
er
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
40
Phys
ics/
QC
Dem
onst
ratio
nsPh
ysic
s/Q
C D
emon
stra
tions
Live
Dem
onst
ratio
n of
QC
Tes
t or P
hysi
cs C
once
pt
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
41
Phys
ics/
QC
Dem
onst
ratio
nsPh
ysic
s/Q
C D
emon
stra
tions
•• Dea
d zo
ne (r
ing
Dea
d zo
ne (r
ing --
dow
n) Q
C te
stin
gdo
wn)
QC
test
ing
!A
gro
up o
f ref
lect
ors c
onsi
stin
g of
fibe
rs a
re
plac
ed a
t diff
eren
t sep
arat
ions
from
the
top
of th
e ph
anto
m (~
1-8
mm
)!
As t
he tr
ansd
ucer
scan
s acr
oss t
he to
p, th
e di
stan
ce
from
the
trans
duce
r to
the
first
refle
ctor
com
plet
ely
imag
ed is
the
dead
zon
e di
stan
ce (r
ing
dow
n)!
Rec
ord
and
mon
itor p
erfo
rman
ce
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
42
Phys
ics/
QC
Dem
onst
ratio
nsPh
ysic
s/Q
C D
emon
stra
tions
Live
Dem
onst
ratio
n of
QC
Tes
t or P
hysi
cs C
once
pt
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
43
Phys
ics/
QC
Dem
onst
ratio
nsPh
ysic
s/Q
C D
emon
stra
tions
•• Im
age
unifo
rmity
QC
test
ing
Imag
e un
iform
ity Q
C te
stin
g!
Adj
ust t
he T
GC
con
trols
and
oth
er se
nsiti
vity
con
trols
to
obt
ain
an im
age
as u
nifo
rm a
s pos
sibl
e!
Insp
ect t
he im
age
for:
•V
ertic
al o
r rad
ial o
rient
ed st
reak
s•
Dro
pout
s•
Red
uctio
n of
brig
htne
ss n
ear e
dges
of t
he sc
an•
Brig
htne
ss tr
ansi
tions
bet
wee
n fo
cal z
ones
!R
ecor
d an
d m
onito
r per
form
ance
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
44
Phys
ics/
QC
Dem
onst
ratio
nsPh
ysic
s/Q
C D
emon
stra
tions
Live
Dem
onst
ratio
n of
QC
Tes
t or P
hysi
cs C
once
pt
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
45
Phys
ics/
QC
Dem
onst
ratio
nsPh
ysic
s/Q
C D
emon
stra
tions
•• Ane
choi
c ob
ject
per
cept
ion
eval
uatio
nA
nech
oic
obje
ct p
erce
ptio
n ev
alua
tion
!Th
is te
st e
valu
ated
the
syst
em�s
abi
lity
to d
etec
t and
ac
cura
tely
dis
play
roun
d, n
egat
ive
cont
rast
obj
ects
(c
yst)
of v
ario
us si
zes
!U
se c
alip
ers t
o m
easu
re h
eigh
t and
wid
th o
f obj
ect
!Pe
rfor
man
ce c
riter
ia a
nd c
orre
ctiv
e ac
tion
limits
•M
ajor
dis
torti
on: h
eigh
t and
wid
th d
iffer
by
>20%
•A
con
sist
ent m
easu
rabl
e ch
ange
from
the
base
line
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
46
Phys
ics/
QC
Dem
onst
ratio
nsPh
ysic
s/Q
C D
emon
stra
tions
Live
Dem
onst
ratio
n of
QC
Tes
t or P
hysi
cs C
once
pt
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
47
Phys
ics/
QC
Dem
onst
ratio
nsPh
ysic
s/Q
C D
emon
stra
tions
•• Low
con
trast
obj
ect d
etec
tabi
lity
eval
uatio
nLo
w c
ontra
st o
bjec
t det
ecta
bilit
y ev
alua
tion
!Sc
ans o
f a lo
w c
ontra
st re
solu
tion
phan
tom
can
reve
al
the
low
con
trast
obj
ect d
etec
tabi
lity
•M
onito
r and
trac
k pe
rfor
man
ce•
Des
crib
e no
ise
and
cont
rast
!A
n op
tiona
l tes
t on
the
AC
R se
mi-a
nnua
l QC
test
list
fo
r gen
eral
ultr
asou
nd a
ccre
dita
tion
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
48
Phys
ics/
QC
Dem
onst
ratio
nsPh
ysic
s/Q
C D
emon
stra
tions
Live
Dem
onst
ratio
n of
QC
Tes
t or P
hysi
cs C
once
pt
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
49
Phys
ics/
QC
Dem
onst
ratio
nsPh
ysic
s/Q
C D
emon
stra
tions
•• Dop
pler
dem
onst
ratio
ns; g
ate
Dop
pler
dem
onst
ratio
ns; g
ate --
size
and
si
ze a
nd ��
posi
tion
posi
tion
!G
ate
size
det
erm
ines
the
size
of t
he sa
mpl
e vo
lum
e•
Blo
od fl
ow is
non
-uni
form
acr
oss t
he v
esse
l cro
ss-s
ectio
n•
Smal
l gat
e si
ze: r
ange
of v
eloc
ities
is sm
all,
spec
tra is
nar
row
•La
rge
gate
size
(enc
ompa
sses
ent
ire v
esse
l), sp
ectra
is w
ider
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
50
Phys
ics/
QC
Dem
onst
ratio
nsPh
ysic
s/Q
C D
emon
stra
tions
•• Dop
pler
dem
onst
ratio
ns; g
ate
Dop
pler
dem
onst
ratio
ns; g
ate --
size
and
si
ze a
nd -- p
ositi
onpo
sitio
n!
Sim
ilar t
o ga
te si
ze, p
ositi
on a
lso
influ
ence
s dat
a •
Blo
od fl
ow is
non
-uni
form
acr
oss t
he v
esse
l cro
ss-s
ectio
n•
Plac
ing
gate
in c
ente
r of v
esse
l -hi
gher
vel
ocity
•Pl
acin
g ga
te a
t the
ves
sel w
all -
low
er v
eloc
ity
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
51
Phys
ics/
QC
Dem
onst
ratio
nsPh
ysic
s/Q
C D
emon
stra
tions
Live
Dem
onst
ratio
n of
QC
Tes
t or P
hysi
cs C
once
pt
2004
AA
PM A
nnua
l Mee
ting
52
Que
stio
ns?
Que
stio
ns?
Than
k Y
ou!
Than
k Y
ou!